xref: /linux/include/linux/compiler.h (revision 3a39d672e7f48b8d6b91a09afa4b55352773b4b5)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 #ifndef __LINUX_COMPILER_H
3 #define __LINUX_COMPILER_H
4 
5 #include <linux/compiler_types.h>
6 
7 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
8 
9 #ifdef __KERNEL__
10 
11 /*
12  * Note: DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING can be used by special lowlevel code
13  * to disable branch tracing on a per file basis.
14  */
15 void ftrace_likely_update(struct ftrace_likely_data *f, int val,
16 			  int expect, int is_constant);
17 #if defined(CONFIG_TRACE_BRANCH_PROFILING) \
18     && !defined(DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING) && !defined(__CHECKER__)
19 #define likely_notrace(x)	__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
20 #define unlikely_notrace(x)	__builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
21 
22 #define __branch_check__(x, expect, is_constant) ({			\
23 			long ______r;					\
24 			static struct ftrace_likely_data		\
25 				__aligned(4)				\
26 				__section("_ftrace_annotated_branch")	\
27 				______f = {				\
28 				.data.func = __func__,			\
29 				.data.file = __FILE__,			\
30 				.data.line = __LINE__,			\
31 			};						\
32 			______r = __builtin_expect(!!(x), expect);	\
33 			ftrace_likely_update(&______f, ______r,		\
34 					     expect, is_constant);	\
35 			______r;					\
36 		})
37 
38 /*
39  * Using __builtin_constant_p(x) to ignore cases where the return
40  * value is always the same.  This idea is taken from a similar patch
41  * written by Daniel Walker.
42  */
43 # ifndef likely
44 #  define likely(x)	(__branch_check__(x, 1, __builtin_constant_p(x)))
45 # endif
46 # ifndef unlikely
47 #  define unlikely(x)	(__branch_check__(x, 0, __builtin_constant_p(x)))
48 # endif
49 
50 #ifdef CONFIG_PROFILE_ALL_BRANCHES
51 /*
52  * "Define 'is'", Bill Clinton
53  * "Define 'if'", Steven Rostedt
54  */
55 #define if(cond, ...) if ( __trace_if_var( !!(cond , ## __VA_ARGS__) ) )
56 
57 #define __trace_if_var(cond) (__builtin_constant_p(cond) ? (cond) : __trace_if_value(cond))
58 
59 #define __trace_if_value(cond) ({			\
60 	static struct ftrace_branch_data		\
61 		__aligned(4)				\
62 		__section("_ftrace_branch")		\
63 		__if_trace = {				\
64 			.func = __func__,		\
65 			.file = __FILE__,		\
66 			.line = __LINE__,		\
67 		};					\
68 	(cond) ?					\
69 		(__if_trace.miss_hit[1]++,1) :		\
70 		(__if_trace.miss_hit[0]++,0);		\
71 })
72 
73 #endif /* CONFIG_PROFILE_ALL_BRANCHES */
74 
75 #else
76 # define likely(x)	__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
77 # define unlikely(x)	__builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
78 # define likely_notrace(x)	likely(x)
79 # define unlikely_notrace(x)	unlikely(x)
80 #endif
81 
82 /* Optimization barrier */
83 #ifndef barrier
84 /* The "volatile" is due to gcc bugs */
85 # define barrier() __asm__ __volatile__("": : :"memory")
86 #endif
87 
88 #ifndef barrier_data
89 /*
90  * This version is i.e. to prevent dead stores elimination on @ptr
91  * where gcc and llvm may behave differently when otherwise using
92  * normal barrier(): while gcc behavior gets along with a normal
93  * barrier(), llvm needs an explicit input variable to be assumed
94  * clobbered. The issue is as follows: while the inline asm might
95  * access any memory it wants, the compiler could have fit all of
96  * @ptr into memory registers instead, and since @ptr never escaped
97  * from that, it proved that the inline asm wasn't touching any of
98  * it. This version works well with both compilers, i.e. we're telling
99  * the compiler that the inline asm absolutely may see the contents
100  * of @ptr. See also: https://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=15495
101  */
102 # define barrier_data(ptr) __asm__ __volatile__("": :"r"(ptr) :"memory")
103 #endif
104 
105 /* workaround for GCC PR82365 if needed */
106 #ifndef barrier_before_unreachable
107 # define barrier_before_unreachable() do { } while (0)
108 #endif
109 
110 /* Unreachable code */
111 #ifdef CONFIG_OBJTOOL
112 /*
113  * These macros help objtool understand GCC code flow for unreachable code.
114  * The __COUNTER__ based labels are a hack to make each instance of the macros
115  * unique, to convince GCC not to merge duplicate inline asm statements.
116  */
117 #define __stringify_label(n) #n
118 
119 #define __annotate_reachable(c) ({					\
120 	asm volatile(__stringify_label(c) ":\n\t"			\
121 			".pushsection .discard.reachable\n\t"		\
122 			".long " __stringify_label(c) "b - .\n\t"	\
123 			".popsection\n\t");				\
124 })
125 #define annotate_reachable() __annotate_reachable(__COUNTER__)
126 
127 #define __annotate_unreachable(c) ({					\
128 	asm volatile(__stringify_label(c) ":\n\t"			\
129 		     ".pushsection .discard.unreachable\n\t"		\
130 		     ".long " __stringify_label(c) "b - .\n\t"		\
131 		     ".popsection\n\t" : : "i" (c));			\
132 })
133 #define annotate_unreachable() __annotate_unreachable(__COUNTER__)
134 
135 /* Annotate a C jump table to allow objtool to follow the code flow */
136 #define __annotate_jump_table __section(".rodata..c_jump_table,\"a\",@progbits #")
137 
138 #else /* !CONFIG_OBJTOOL */
139 #define annotate_reachable()
140 #define annotate_unreachable()
141 #define __annotate_jump_table
142 #endif /* CONFIG_OBJTOOL */
143 
144 #ifndef unreachable
145 # define unreachable() do {		\
146 	annotate_unreachable();		\
147 	__builtin_unreachable();	\
148 } while (0)
149 #endif
150 
151 /*
152  * KENTRY - kernel entry point
153  * This can be used to annotate symbols (functions or data) that are used
154  * without their linker symbol being referenced explicitly. For example,
155  * interrupt vector handlers, or functions in the kernel image that are found
156  * programatically.
157  *
158  * Not required for symbols exported with EXPORT_SYMBOL, or initcalls. Those
159  * are handled in their own way (with KEEP() in linker scripts).
160  *
161  * KENTRY can be avoided if the symbols in question are marked as KEEP() in the
162  * linker script. For example an architecture could KEEP() its entire
163  * boot/exception vector code rather than annotate each function and data.
164  */
165 #ifndef KENTRY
166 # define KENTRY(sym)						\
167 	extern typeof(sym) sym;					\
168 	static const unsigned long __kentry_##sym		\
169 	__used							\
170 	__attribute__((__section__("___kentry+" #sym)))		\
171 	= (unsigned long)&sym;
172 #endif
173 
174 #ifndef RELOC_HIDE
175 # define RELOC_HIDE(ptr, off)					\
176   ({ unsigned long __ptr;					\
177      __ptr = (unsigned long) (ptr);				\
178     (typeof(ptr)) (__ptr + (off)); })
179 #endif
180 
181 #define absolute_pointer(val)	RELOC_HIDE((void *)(val), 0)
182 
183 #ifndef OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR
184 /* Make the optimizer believe the variable can be manipulated arbitrarily. */
185 #define OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(var)						\
186 	__asm__ ("" : "=r" (var) : "0" (var))
187 #endif
188 
189 #define __UNIQUE_ID(prefix) __PASTE(__PASTE(__UNIQUE_ID_, prefix), __COUNTER__)
190 
191 /**
192  * data_race - mark an expression as containing intentional data races
193  *
194  * This data_race() macro is useful for situations in which data races
195  * should be forgiven.  One example is diagnostic code that accesses
196  * shared variables but is not a part of the core synchronization design.
197  * For example, if accesses to a given variable are protected by a lock,
198  * except for diagnostic code, then the accesses under the lock should
199  * be plain C-language accesses and those in the diagnostic code should
200  * use data_race().  This way, KCSAN will complain if buggy lockless
201  * accesses to that variable are introduced, even if the buggy accesses
202  * are protected by READ_ONCE() or WRITE_ONCE().
203  *
204  * This macro *does not* affect normal code generation, but is a hint
205  * to tooling that data races here are to be ignored.  If the access must
206  * be atomic *and* KCSAN should ignore the access, use both data_race()
207  * and READ_ONCE(), for example, data_race(READ_ONCE(x)).
208  */
209 #define data_race(expr)							\
210 ({									\
211 	__kcsan_disable_current();					\
212 	__auto_type __v = (expr);					\
213 	__kcsan_enable_current();					\
214 	__v;								\
215 })
216 
217 #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
218 
219 /*
220  * Force the compiler to emit 'sym' as a symbol, so that we can reference
221  * it from inline assembler. Necessary in case 'sym' could be inlined
222  * otherwise, or eliminated entirely due to lack of references that are
223  * visible to the compiler.
224  */
225 #define ___ADDRESSABLE(sym, __attrs) \
226 	static void * __used __attrs \
227 	__UNIQUE_ID(__PASTE(__addressable_,sym)) = (void *)(uintptr_t)&sym;
228 #define __ADDRESSABLE(sym) \
229 	___ADDRESSABLE(sym, __section(".discard.addressable"))
230 
231 /**
232  * offset_to_ptr - convert a relative memory offset to an absolute pointer
233  * @off:	the address of the 32-bit offset value
234  */
offset_to_ptr(const int * off)235 static inline void *offset_to_ptr(const int *off)
236 {
237 	return (void *)((unsigned long)off + *off);
238 }
239 
240 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
241 
242 /* &a[0] degrades to a pointer: a different type from an array */
243 #define __must_be_array(a)	BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO(__same_type((a), &(a)[0]))
244 
245 /* Require C Strings (i.e. NUL-terminated) lack the "nonstring" attribute. */
246 #define __must_be_cstr(p)	BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO(__annotated(p, nonstring))
247 
248 /*
249  * This returns a constant expression while determining if an argument is
250  * a constant expression, most importantly without evaluating the argument.
251  * Glory to Martin Uecker <Martin.Uecker@med.uni-goettingen.de>
252  *
253  * Details:
254  * - sizeof() return an integer constant expression, and does not evaluate
255  *   the value of its operand; it only examines the type of its operand.
256  * - The results of comparing two integer constant expressions is also
257  *   an integer constant expression.
258  * - The first literal "8" isn't important. It could be any literal value.
259  * - The second literal "8" is to avoid warnings about unaligned pointers;
260  *   this could otherwise just be "1".
261  * - (long)(x) is used to avoid warnings about 64-bit types on 32-bit
262  *   architectures.
263  * - The C Standard defines "null pointer constant", "(void *)0", as
264  *   distinct from other void pointers.
265  * - If (x) is an integer constant expression, then the "* 0l" resolves
266  *   it into an integer constant expression of value 0. Since it is cast to
267  *   "void *", this makes the second operand a null pointer constant.
268  * - If (x) is not an integer constant expression, then the second operand
269  *   resolves to a void pointer (but not a null pointer constant: the value
270  *   is not an integer constant 0).
271  * - The conditional operator's third operand, "(int *)8", is an object
272  *   pointer (to type "int").
273  * - The behavior (including the return type) of the conditional operator
274  *   ("operand1 ? operand2 : operand3") depends on the kind of expressions
275  *   given for the second and third operands. This is the central mechanism
276  *   of the macro:
277  *   - When one operand is a null pointer constant (i.e. when x is an integer
278  *     constant expression) and the other is an object pointer (i.e. our
279  *     third operand), the conditional operator returns the type of the
280  *     object pointer operand (i.e. "int *"). Here, within the sizeof(), we
281  *     would then get:
282  *       sizeof(*((int *)(...))  == sizeof(int)  == 4
283  *   - When one operand is a void pointer (i.e. when x is not an integer
284  *     constant expression) and the other is an object pointer (i.e. our
285  *     third operand), the conditional operator returns a "void *" type.
286  *     Here, within the sizeof(), we would then get:
287  *       sizeof(*((void *)(...)) == sizeof(void) == 1
288  * - The equality comparison to "sizeof(int)" therefore depends on (x):
289  *     sizeof(int) == sizeof(int)     (x) was a constant expression
290  *     sizeof(int) != sizeof(void)    (x) was not a constant expression
291  */
292 #define __is_constexpr(x) \
293 	(sizeof(int) == sizeof(*(8 ? ((void *)((long)(x) * 0l)) : (int *)8)))
294 
295 /*
296  * Whether 'type' is a signed type or an unsigned type. Supports scalar types,
297  * bool and also pointer types.
298  */
299 #define is_signed_type(type) (((type)(-1)) < (__force type)1)
300 #define is_unsigned_type(type) (!is_signed_type(type))
301 
302 /*
303  * Useful shorthand for "is this condition known at compile-time?"
304  *
305  * Note that the condition may involve non-constant values,
306  * but the compiler may know enough about the details of the
307  * values to determine that the condition is statically true.
308  */
309 #define statically_true(x) (__builtin_constant_p(x) && (x))
310 
311 /*
312  * This is needed in functions which generate the stack canary, see
313  * arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c::start_secondary() for an example.
314  */
315 #define prevent_tail_call_optimization()	mb()
316 
317 #include <asm/rwonce.h>
318 
319 #endif /* __LINUX_COMPILER_H */
320