xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/sshbuf.h (revision 3d9fd9fcb432750f3716b28f6ccb0104cd9d351a)
1 /*	$OpenBSD: sshbuf.h,v 1.29 2024/08/15 00:51:51 djm Exp $	*/
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2011 Damien Miller
4  *
5  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
6  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
7  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
8  *
9  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
10  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
11  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
12  * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
13  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
14  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
15  * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
16  */
17 
18 #ifndef _SSHBUF_H
19 #define _SSHBUF_H
20 
21 #include <sys/types.h>
22 #include <stdarg.h>
23 #include <stdio.h>
24 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
25 # include <openssl/bn.h>
26 # include <openssl/evp.h>
27 # ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
28 #  include <openssl/ec.h>
29 # endif /* OPENSSL_HAS_ECC */
30 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
31 
32 #define SSHBUF_SIZE_MAX		0x8000000	/* Hard maximum size */
33 #define SSHBUF_REFS_MAX		0x100000	/* Max child buffers */
34 #define SSHBUF_MAX_BIGNUM	(16384 / 8)	/* Max bignum *bytes* */
35 #define SSHBUF_MAX_ECPOINT	((528 * 2 / 8) + 1) /* Max EC point *bytes* */
36 
37 struct sshbuf;
38 
39 /*
40  * Create a new sshbuf buffer.
41  * Returns pointer to buffer on success, or NULL on allocation failure.
42  */
43 struct sshbuf *sshbuf_new(void);
44 
45 /*
46  * Create a new, read-only sshbuf buffer from existing data.
47  * Returns pointer to buffer on success, or NULL on allocation failure.
48  */
49 struct sshbuf *sshbuf_from(const void *blob, size_t len);
50 
51 /*
52  * Create a new, read-only sshbuf buffer from the contents of an existing
53  * buffer. The contents of "buf" must not change in the lifetime of the
54  * resultant buffer.
55  * Returns pointer to buffer on success, or NULL on allocation failure.
56  */
57 struct sshbuf *sshbuf_fromb(struct sshbuf *buf);
58 
59 /*
60  * Create a new, read-only sshbuf buffer from the contents of a string in
61  * an existing buffer (the string is consumed in the process).
62  * The contents of "buf" must not change in the lifetime of the resultant
63  * buffer.
64  * Returns pointer to buffer on success, or NULL on allocation failure.
65  */
66 int	sshbuf_froms(struct sshbuf *buf, struct sshbuf **bufp);
67 
68 /*
69  * Clear and free buf
70  */
71 void	sshbuf_free(struct sshbuf *buf);
72 
73 /*
74  * Reset buf, clearing its contents. NB. max_size is preserved.
75  */
76 void	sshbuf_reset(struct sshbuf *buf);
77 
78 /*
79  * Return the maximum size of buf
80  */
81 size_t	sshbuf_max_size(const struct sshbuf *buf);
82 
83 /*
84  * Set the maximum size of buf
85  * Returns 0 on success, or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
86  */
87 int	sshbuf_set_max_size(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t max_size);
88 
89 /*
90  * Returns the length of data in buf
91  */
92 size_t	sshbuf_len(const struct sshbuf *buf);
93 
94 /*
95  * Returns number of bytes left in buffer before hitting max_size.
96  */
97 size_t	sshbuf_avail(const struct sshbuf *buf);
98 
99 /*
100  * Returns a read-only pointer to the start of the data in buf
101  */
102 const u_char *sshbuf_ptr(const struct sshbuf *buf);
103 
104 /*
105  * Returns a mutable pointer to the start of the data in buf, or
106  * NULL if the buffer is read-only.
107  */
108 u_char *sshbuf_mutable_ptr(const struct sshbuf *buf);
109 
110 /*
111  * Check whether a reservation of size len will succeed in buf
112  * Safer to use than direct comparisons again sshbuf_avail as it copes
113  * with unsigned overflows correctly.
114  * Returns 0 on success, or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
115  */
116 int	sshbuf_check_reserve(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len);
117 
118 /*
119  * Preallocates len additional bytes in buf.
120  * Useful for cases where the caller knows how many bytes will ultimately be
121  * required to avoid realloc in the buffer code.
122  * Returns 0 on success, or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
123  */
124 int	sshbuf_allocate(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len);
125 
126 /*
127  * Reserve len bytes in buf.
128  * Returns 0 on success and a pointer to the first reserved byte via the
129  * optional dpp parameter or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
130  */
131 int	sshbuf_reserve(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len, u_char **dpp);
132 
133 /*
134  * Consume len bytes from the start of buf
135  * Returns 0 on success, or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
136  */
137 int	sshbuf_consume(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len);
138 
139 /*
140  * Consume len bytes from the end of buf
141  * Returns 0 on success, or a negative SSH_ERR_* error code on failure.
142  */
143 int	sshbuf_consume_end(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len);
144 
145 /* Extract or deposit some bytes */
146 int	sshbuf_get(struct sshbuf *buf, void *v, size_t len);
147 int	sshbuf_put(struct sshbuf *buf, const void *v, size_t len);
148 int	sshbuf_putb(struct sshbuf *buf, const struct sshbuf *v);
149 
150 /* Append using a printf(3) format */
151 int	sshbuf_putf(struct sshbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
152 	    __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
153 int	sshbuf_putfv(struct sshbuf *buf, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
154 
155 /* Functions to extract or store big-endian words of various sizes */
156 int	sshbuf_get_u64(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int64_t *valp);
157 int	sshbuf_get_u32(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int32_t *valp);
158 int	sshbuf_get_u16(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int16_t *valp);
159 int	sshbuf_get_u8(struct sshbuf *buf, u_char *valp);
160 int	sshbuf_put_u64(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int64_t val);
161 int	sshbuf_put_u32(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int32_t val);
162 int	sshbuf_put_u16(struct sshbuf *buf, u_int16_t val);
163 int	sshbuf_put_u8(struct sshbuf *buf, u_char val);
164 
165 /* Functions to peek at the contents of a buffer without modifying it. */
166 int	sshbuf_peek_u64(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset,
167     u_int64_t *valp);
168 int	sshbuf_peek_u32(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset,
169     u_int32_t *valp);
170 int	sshbuf_peek_u16(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset,
171     u_int16_t *valp);
172 int	sshbuf_peek_u8(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset,
173     u_char *valp);
174 
175 /*
176  * Functions to poke values into an existing buffer (e.g. a length header
177  * to a packet). The destination bytes must already exist in the buffer.
178  */
179 int sshbuf_poke_u64(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset, u_int64_t val);
180 int sshbuf_poke_u32(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset, u_int32_t val);
181 int sshbuf_poke_u16(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset, u_int16_t val);
182 int sshbuf_poke_u8(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset, u_char val);
183 int sshbuf_poke(struct sshbuf *buf, size_t offset, void *v, size_t len);
184 
185 /*
186  * Functions to extract or store SSH wire encoded strings (u32 len || data)
187  * The "cstring" variants admit no \0 characters in the string contents.
188  * Caller must free *valp.
189  */
190 int	sshbuf_get_string(struct sshbuf *buf, u_char **valp, size_t *lenp);
191 int	sshbuf_get_cstring(struct sshbuf *buf, char **valp, size_t *lenp);
192 int	sshbuf_get_stringb(struct sshbuf *buf, struct sshbuf *v);
193 int	sshbuf_put_string(struct sshbuf *buf, const void *v, size_t len);
194 int	sshbuf_put_cstring(struct sshbuf *buf, const char *v);
195 int	sshbuf_put_stringb(struct sshbuf *buf, const struct sshbuf *v);
196 
197 /*
198  * "Direct" variant of sshbuf_get_string, returns pointer into the sshbuf to
199  * avoid an malloc+memcpy. The pointer is guaranteed to be valid until the
200  * next sshbuf-modifying function call. Caller does not free.
201  */
202 int	sshbuf_get_string_direct(struct sshbuf *buf, const u_char **valp,
203 	    size_t *lenp);
204 
205 /* Skip past a string */
206 #define sshbuf_skip_string(buf) sshbuf_get_string_direct(buf, NULL, NULL)
207 
208 /* Another variant: "peeks" into the buffer without modifying it */
209 int	sshbuf_peek_string_direct(const struct sshbuf *buf, const u_char **valp,
210 	    size_t *lenp);
211 
212 /*
213  * Functions to extract or store SSH wire encoded bignums and elliptic
214  * curve points.
215  */
216 int	sshbuf_put_bignum2_bytes(struct sshbuf *buf, const void *v, size_t len);
217 int	sshbuf_get_bignum2_bytes_direct(struct sshbuf *buf,
218 	    const u_char **valp, size_t *lenp);
219 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
220 int	sshbuf_get_bignum2(struct sshbuf *buf, BIGNUM **valp);
221 int	sshbuf_put_bignum2(struct sshbuf *buf, const BIGNUM *v);
222 # ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
223 int	sshbuf_get_ec(struct sshbuf *buf, EC_POINT *v, const EC_GROUP *g);
224 int	sshbuf_get_eckey(struct sshbuf *buf, EC_KEY *v);
225 int	sshbuf_put_ec(struct sshbuf *buf, const EC_POINT *v, const EC_GROUP *g);
226 int	sshbuf_put_eckey(struct sshbuf *buf, const EC_KEY *v);
227 int	sshbuf_put_ec_pkey(struct sshbuf *buf, EVP_PKEY *pkey);
228 # endif /* OPENSSL_HAS_ECC */
229 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
230 
231 /* Dump the contents of the buffer in a human-readable format */
232 void	sshbuf_dump(const struct sshbuf *buf, FILE *f);
233 
234 /* Dump specified memory in a human-readable format */
235 void	sshbuf_dump_data(const void *s, size_t len, FILE *f);
236 
237 /* Return the hexadecimal representation of the contents of the buffer */
238 char	*sshbuf_dtob16(struct sshbuf *buf);
239 
240 /* Encode the contents of the buffer as base64 */
241 char	*sshbuf_dtob64_string(const struct sshbuf *buf, int wrap);
242 int	sshbuf_dtob64(const struct sshbuf *d, struct sshbuf *b64, int wrap);
243 /* RFC4648 "base64url" encoding variant */
244 int	sshbuf_dtourlb64(const struct sshbuf *d, struct sshbuf *b64, int wrap);
245 
246 /* Decode base64 data and append it to the buffer */
247 int	sshbuf_b64tod(struct sshbuf *buf, const char *b64);
248 
249 /*
250  * Tests whether the buffer contains the specified byte sequence at the
251  * specified offset. Returns 0 on successful match, or a ssherr.h code
252  * otherwise. SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT indicates sufficient bytes were
253  * present but the buffer contents did not match those supplied. Zero-
254  * length comparisons are not allowed.
255  *
256  * If sufficient data is present to make a comparison, then it is
257  * performed with timing independent of the value of the data. If
258  * insufficient data is present then the comparison is not attempted at
259  * all.
260  */
261 int	sshbuf_cmp(const struct sshbuf *b, size_t offset,
262     const void *s, size_t len);
263 
264 /*
265  * Searches the buffer for the specified string. Returns 0 on success
266  * and updates *offsetp with the offset of the first match, relative to
267  * the start of the buffer. Otherwise sshbuf_find will return a ssherr.h
268  * error code. SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT indicates sufficient bytes were
269  * present in the buffer for a match to be possible but none was found.
270  * Searches for zero-length data are not allowed.
271  */
272 int
273 sshbuf_find(const struct sshbuf *b, size_t start_offset,
274     const void *s, size_t len, size_t *offsetp);
275 
276 /*
277  * Duplicate the contents of a buffer to a string (caller to free).
278  * Returns NULL on buffer error, or if the buffer contains a premature
279  * nul character.
280  */
281 char *sshbuf_dup_string(struct sshbuf *buf);
282 
283 /*
284  * Fill a buffer from a file descriptor or filename. Both allocate the
285  * buffer for the caller.
286  */
287 int sshbuf_load_fd(int, struct sshbuf **)
288     __attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));
289 int sshbuf_load_file(const char *, struct sshbuf **)
290     __attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));
291 
292 /*
293  * Write a buffer to a path, creating/truncating as needed (mode 0644,
294  * subject to umask). The buffer contents are not modified.
295  */
296 int sshbuf_write_file(const char *path, struct sshbuf *buf)
297     __attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));
298 
299 /* Read up to maxlen bytes from a fd directly to a buffer */
300 int sshbuf_read(int, struct sshbuf *, size_t, size_t *)
301     __attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));
302 
303 /* Macros for decoding/encoding integers */
304 #define PEEK_U64(p) \
305 	(((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[0]) << 56) | \
306 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[1]) << 48) | \
307 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[2]) << 40) | \
308 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[3]) << 32) | \
309 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[4]) << 24) | \
310 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[5]) << 16) | \
311 	 ((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[6]) << 8) | \
312 	  (u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[7]))
313 #define PEEK_U32(p) \
314 	(((u_int32_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[0]) << 24) | \
315 	 ((u_int32_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[1]) << 16) | \
316 	 ((u_int32_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[2]) << 8) | \
317 	  (u_int32_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[3]))
318 #define PEEK_U16(p) \
319 	(((u_int16_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[0]) << 8) | \
320 	  (u_int16_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[1]))
321 
322 #define POKE_U64(p, v) \
323 	do { \
324 		const u_int64_t __v = (v); \
325 		((u_char *)(p))[0] = (__v >> 56) & 0xff; \
326 		((u_char *)(p))[1] = (__v >> 48) & 0xff; \
327 		((u_char *)(p))[2] = (__v >> 40) & 0xff; \
328 		((u_char *)(p))[3] = (__v >> 32) & 0xff; \
329 		((u_char *)(p))[4] = (__v >> 24) & 0xff; \
330 		((u_char *)(p))[5] = (__v >> 16) & 0xff; \
331 		((u_char *)(p))[6] = (__v >> 8) & 0xff; \
332 		((u_char *)(p))[7] = __v & 0xff; \
333 	} while (0)
334 #define POKE_U32(p, v) \
335 	do { \
336 		const u_int32_t __v = (v); \
337 		((u_char *)(p))[0] = (__v >> 24) & 0xff; \
338 		((u_char *)(p))[1] = (__v >> 16) & 0xff; \
339 		((u_char *)(p))[2] = (__v >> 8) & 0xff; \
340 		((u_char *)(p))[3] = __v & 0xff; \
341 	} while (0)
342 #define POKE_U16(p, v) \
343 	do { \
344 		const u_int16_t __v = (v); \
345 		((u_char *)(p))[0] = (__v >> 8) & 0xff; \
346 		((u_char *)(p))[1] = __v & 0xff; \
347 	} while (0)
348 
349 /* Internal definitions follow. Exposed for regress tests */
350 #ifdef SSHBUF_INTERNAL
351 
352 /*
353  * Return the allocation size of buf
354  */
355 size_t	sshbuf_alloc(const struct sshbuf *buf);
356 
357 /*
358  * Increment the reference count of buf.
359  */
360 int	sshbuf_set_parent(struct sshbuf *child, struct sshbuf *parent);
361 
362 /*
363  * Return the parent buffer of buf, or NULL if it has no parent.
364  */
365 const struct sshbuf *sshbuf_parent(const struct sshbuf *buf);
366 
367 /*
368  * Return the reference count of buf
369  */
370 u_int	sshbuf_refcount(const struct sshbuf *buf);
371 
372 # define SSHBUF_SIZE_INIT	256		/* Initial allocation */
373 # define SSHBUF_SIZE_INC	256		/* Preferred increment length */
374 # define SSHBUF_PACK_MIN	8192		/* Minimum packable offset */
375 
376 /* # define SSHBUF_ABORT abort */
377 /* # define SSHBUF_DEBUG */
378 
379 # ifndef SSHBUF_ABORT
380 #  define SSHBUF_ABORT()
381 # endif
382 
383 # ifdef SSHBUF_DEBUG
384 #  define SSHBUF_DBG(x) do { \
385 		printf("%s:%d %s: ", __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__); \
386 		printf x; \
387 		printf("\n"); \
388 		fflush(stdout); \
389 	} while (0)
390 # else
391 #  define SSHBUF_DBG(x)
392 # endif
393 #endif /* SSHBUF_INTERNAL */
394 
395 #endif /* _SSHBUF_H */
396