xref: /linux/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c (revision c34e9ab9a612ee8b18273398ef75c207b01f516d)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * Testsuite for eBPF verifier
4  *
5  * Copyright (c) 2014 PLUMgrid, http://plumgrid.com
6  * Copyright (c) 2017 Facebook
7  * Copyright (c) 2018 Covalent IO, Inc. http://covalent.io
8  */
9 
10 #include <endian.h>
11 #include <asm/types.h>
12 #include <linux/types.h>
13 #include <stdint.h>
14 #include <stdio.h>
15 #include <stdlib.h>
16 #include <unistd.h>
17 #include <errno.h>
18 #include <string.h>
19 #include <stddef.h>
20 #include <stdbool.h>
21 #include <sched.h>
22 #include <limits.h>
23 #include <assert.h>
24 
25 #include <linux/unistd.h>
26 #include <linux/filter.h>
27 #include <linux/bpf_perf_event.h>
28 #include <linux/bpf.h>
29 #include <linux/if_ether.h>
30 #include <linux/btf.h>
31 
32 #include <bpf/btf.h>
33 #include <bpf/bpf.h>
34 #include <bpf/libbpf.h>
35 
36 #include "autoconf_helper.h"
37 #include "unpriv_helpers.h"
38 #include "cap_helpers.h"
39 #include "bpf_rand.h"
40 #include "bpf_util.h"
41 #include "test_btf.h"
42 #include "../../../include/linux/filter.h"
43 #include "testing_helpers.h"
44 
45 #define MAX_INSNS	BPF_MAXINSNS
46 #define MAX_EXPECTED_INSNS	32
47 #define MAX_UNEXPECTED_INSNS	32
48 #define MAX_TEST_INSNS	1000000
49 #define MAX_FIXUPS	8
50 #define MAX_NR_MAPS	23
51 #define MAX_TEST_RUNS	8
52 #define POINTER_VALUE	0xcafe4all
53 #define TEST_DATA_LEN	64
54 #define MAX_FUNC_INFOS	8
55 #define MAX_BTF_STRINGS	256
56 #define MAX_BTF_TYPES	256
57 
58 #define INSN_OFF_MASK	((__s16)0xFFFF)
59 #define INSN_IMM_MASK	((__s32)0xFFFFFFFF)
60 #define SKIP_INSNS()	BPF_RAW_INSN(0xde, 0xa, 0xd, 0xbeef, 0xdeadbeef)
61 
62 #define DEFAULT_LIBBPF_LOG_LEVEL	4
63 
64 #define F_NEEDS_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS	(1 << 0)
65 #define F_LOAD_WITH_STRICT_ALIGNMENT		(1 << 1)
66 #define F_NEEDS_JIT_ENABLED			(1 << 2)
67 
68 /* need CAP_BPF, CAP_NET_ADMIN, CAP_PERFMON to load progs */
69 #define ADMIN_CAPS (1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN |	\
70 		    1ULL << CAP_PERFMON |	\
71 		    1ULL << CAP_BPF)
72 #define UNPRIV_SYSCTL "kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled"
73 static bool unpriv_disabled = false;
74 static bool jit_disabled;
75 static int skips;
76 static bool verbose = false;
77 static int verif_log_level = 0;
78 
79 struct kfunc_btf_id_pair {
80 	const char *kfunc;
81 	int insn_idx;
82 };
83 
84 struct bpf_test {
85 	const char *descr;
86 	struct bpf_insn	insns[MAX_INSNS];
87 	struct bpf_insn	*fill_insns;
88 	/* If specified, test engine looks for this sequence of
89 	 * instructions in the BPF program after loading. Allows to
90 	 * test rewrites applied by verifier.  Use values
91 	 * INSN_OFF_MASK and INSN_IMM_MASK to mask `off` and `imm`
92 	 * fields if content does not matter.  The test case fails if
93 	 * specified instructions are not found.
94 	 *
95 	 * The sequence could be split into sub-sequences by adding
96 	 * SKIP_INSNS instruction at the end of each sub-sequence. In
97 	 * such case sub-sequences are searched for one after another.
98 	 */
99 	struct bpf_insn expected_insns[MAX_EXPECTED_INSNS];
100 	/* If specified, test engine applies same pattern matching
101 	 * logic as for `expected_insns`. If the specified pattern is
102 	 * matched test case is marked as failed.
103 	 */
104 	struct bpf_insn unexpected_insns[MAX_UNEXPECTED_INSNS];
105 	int fixup_map_hash_8b[MAX_FIXUPS];
106 	int fixup_map_hash_48b[MAX_FIXUPS];
107 	int fixup_map_hash_16b[MAX_FIXUPS];
108 	int fixup_map_array_48b[MAX_FIXUPS];
109 	int fixup_map_sockmap[MAX_FIXUPS];
110 	int fixup_map_sockhash[MAX_FIXUPS];
111 	int fixup_map_xskmap[MAX_FIXUPS];
112 	int fixup_map_stacktrace[MAX_FIXUPS];
113 	int fixup_prog1[MAX_FIXUPS];
114 	int fixup_prog2[MAX_FIXUPS];
115 	int fixup_map_in_map[MAX_FIXUPS];
116 	int fixup_cgroup_storage[MAX_FIXUPS];
117 	int fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage[MAX_FIXUPS];
118 	int fixup_map_spin_lock[MAX_FIXUPS];
119 	int fixup_map_array_ro[MAX_FIXUPS];
120 	int fixup_map_array_wo[MAX_FIXUPS];
121 	int fixup_map_array_small[MAX_FIXUPS];
122 	int fixup_sk_storage_map[MAX_FIXUPS];
123 	int fixup_map_event_output[MAX_FIXUPS];
124 	int fixup_map_reuseport_array[MAX_FIXUPS];
125 	int fixup_map_ringbuf[MAX_FIXUPS];
126 	int fixup_map_timer[MAX_FIXUPS];
127 	int fixup_map_kptr[MAX_FIXUPS];
128 	struct kfunc_btf_id_pair fixup_kfunc_btf_id[MAX_FIXUPS];
129 	/* Expected verifier log output for result REJECT or VERBOSE_ACCEPT.
130 	 * Can be a tab-separated sequence of expected strings. An empty string
131 	 * means no log verification.
132 	 */
133 	const char *errstr;
134 	const char *errstr_unpriv;
135 	uint32_t insn_processed;
136 	int prog_len;
137 	enum {
138 		UNDEF,
139 		ACCEPT,
140 		REJECT,
141 		VERBOSE_ACCEPT,
142 	} result, result_unpriv;
143 	enum bpf_prog_type prog_type;
144 	uint8_t flags;
145 	void (*fill_helper)(struct bpf_test *self);
146 	int runs;
147 #define bpf_testdata_struct_t					\
148 	struct {						\
149 		uint32_t retval, retval_unpriv;			\
150 		union {						\
151 			__u8 data[TEST_DATA_LEN];		\
152 			__u64 data64[TEST_DATA_LEN / 8];	\
153 		};						\
154 	}
155 	union {
156 		bpf_testdata_struct_t;
157 		bpf_testdata_struct_t retvals[MAX_TEST_RUNS];
158 	};
159 	enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
160 	const char *kfunc;
161 	struct bpf_func_info func_info[MAX_FUNC_INFOS];
162 	int func_info_cnt;
163 	char btf_strings[MAX_BTF_STRINGS];
164 	/* A set of BTF types to load when specified,
165 	 * use macro definitions from test_btf.h,
166 	 * must end with BTF_END_RAW
167 	 */
168 	__u32 btf_types[MAX_BTF_TYPES];
169 };
170 
171 /* Note we want this to be 64 bit aligned so that the end of our array is
172  * actually the end of the structure.
173  */
174 #define MAX_ENTRIES 11
175 
176 struct test_val {
177 	unsigned int index;
178 	int foo[MAX_ENTRIES];
179 };
180 
181 struct other_val {
182 	long long foo;
183 	long long bar;
184 };
185 
186 static void bpf_fill_ld_abs_vlan_push_pop(struct bpf_test *self)
187 {
188 	/* test: {skb->data[0], vlan_push} x 51 + {skb->data[0], vlan_pop} x 51 */
189 #define PUSH_CNT 51
190 	/* jump range is limited to 16 bit. PUSH_CNT of ld_abs needs room */
191 	unsigned int len = (1 << 15) - PUSH_CNT * 2 * 5 * 6;
192 	struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
193 	int i = 0, j, k = 0;
194 
195 	insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1);
196 loop:
197 	for (j = 0; j < PUSH_CNT; j++) {
198 		insn[i++] = BPF_LD_ABS(BPF_B, 0);
199 		/* jump to error label */
200 		insn[i] = BPF_JMP32_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_0, 0x34, len - i - 3);
201 		i++;
202 		insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_6);
203 		insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_2, 1);
204 		insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_3, 2);
205 		insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,
206 					 BPF_FUNC_skb_vlan_push);
207 		insn[i] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_0, 0, len - i - 3);
208 		i++;
209 	}
210 
211 	for (j = 0; j < PUSH_CNT; j++) {
212 		insn[i++] = BPF_LD_ABS(BPF_B, 0);
213 		insn[i] = BPF_JMP32_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_0, 0x34, len - i - 3);
214 		i++;
215 		insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_6);
216 		insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,
217 					 BPF_FUNC_skb_vlan_pop);
218 		insn[i] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_0, 0, len - i - 3);
219 		i++;
220 	}
221 	if (++k < 5)
222 		goto loop;
223 
224 	for (; i < len - 3; i++)
225 		insn[i] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_0, 0xbef);
226 	insn[len - 3] = BPF_JMP_A(1);
227 	/* error label */
228 	insn[len - 2] = BPF_MOV32_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0);
229 	insn[len - 1] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
230 	self->prog_len = len;
231 }
232 
233 static void bpf_fill_jump_around_ld_abs(struct bpf_test *self)
234 {
235 	struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
236 	/* jump range is limited to 16 bit. every ld_abs is replaced by 6 insns,
237 	 * but on arches like arm, ppc etc, there will be one BPF_ZEXT inserted
238 	 * to extend the error value of the inlined ld_abs sequence which then
239 	 * contains 7 insns. so, set the dividend to 7 so the testcase could
240 	 * work on all arches.
241 	 */
242 	unsigned int len = (1 << 15) / 7;
243 	int i = 0;
244 
245 	insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1);
246 	insn[i++] = BPF_LD_ABS(BPF_B, 0);
247 	insn[i] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_0, 10, len - i - 2);
248 	i++;
249 	while (i < len - 1)
250 		insn[i++] = BPF_LD_ABS(BPF_B, 1);
251 	insn[i] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
252 	self->prog_len = i + 1;
253 }
254 
255 static void bpf_fill_rand_ld_dw(struct bpf_test *self)
256 {
257 	struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
258 	uint64_t res = 0;
259 	int i = 0;
260 
261 	insn[i++] = BPF_MOV32_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0);
262 	while (i < self->retval) {
263 		uint64_t val = bpf_semi_rand_get();
264 		struct bpf_insn tmp[2] = { BPF_LD_IMM64(BPF_REG_1, val) };
265 
266 		res ^= val;
267 		insn[i++] = tmp[0];
268 		insn[i++] = tmp[1];
269 		insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_REG(BPF_XOR, BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_1);
270 	}
271 	insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_0);
272 	insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_RSH, BPF_REG_1, 32);
273 	insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_REG(BPF_XOR, BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_1);
274 	insn[i] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
275 	self->prog_len = i + 1;
276 	res ^= (res >> 32);
277 	self->retval = (uint32_t)res;
278 }
279 
280 #define MAX_JMP_SEQ 8192
281 
282 /* test the sequence of 8k jumps */
283 static void bpf_fill_scale1(struct bpf_test *self)
284 {
285 	struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
286 	int i = 0, k = 0;
287 
288 	insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1);
289 	/* test to check that the long sequence of jumps is acceptable */
290 	while (k++ < MAX_JMP_SEQ) {
291 		insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,
292 					 BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32);
293 		insn[i++] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_0, bpf_semi_rand_get(), 2);
294 		insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_10);
295 		insn[i++] = BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_6,
296 					-8 * (k % 64 + 1));
297 	}
298 	/* is_state_visited() doesn't allocate state for pruning for every jump.
299 	 * Hence multiply jmps by 4 to accommodate that heuristic
300 	 */
301 	while (i < MAX_TEST_INSNS - MAX_JMP_SEQ * 4)
302 		insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_0, 42);
303 	insn[i] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
304 	self->prog_len = i + 1;
305 	self->retval = 42;
306 }
307 
308 /* test the sequence of 8k jumps in inner most function (function depth 8)*/
309 static void bpf_fill_scale2(struct bpf_test *self)
310 {
311 	struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
312 	int i = 0, k = 0;
313 
314 #define FUNC_NEST 7
315 	for (k = 0; k < FUNC_NEST; k++) {
316 		insn[i++] = BPF_CALL_REL(1);
317 		insn[i++] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
318 	}
319 	insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1);
320 	/* test to check that the long sequence of jumps is acceptable */
321 	k = 0;
322 	while (k++ < MAX_JMP_SEQ) {
323 		insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,
324 					 BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32);
325 		insn[i++] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_0, bpf_semi_rand_get(), 2);
326 		insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_10);
327 		insn[i++] = BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_6,
328 					-8 * (k % (64 - 4 * FUNC_NEST) + 1));
329 	}
330 	while (i < MAX_TEST_INSNS - MAX_JMP_SEQ * 4)
331 		insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_0, 42);
332 	insn[i] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
333 	self->prog_len = i + 1;
334 	self->retval = 42;
335 }
336 
337 static void bpf_fill_scale(struct bpf_test *self)
338 {
339 	switch (self->retval) {
340 	case 1:
341 		return bpf_fill_scale1(self);
342 	case 2:
343 		return bpf_fill_scale2(self);
344 	default:
345 		self->prog_len = 0;
346 		break;
347 	}
348 }
349 
350 static int bpf_fill_torturous_jumps_insn_1(struct bpf_insn *insn)
351 {
352 	unsigned int len = 259, hlen = 128;
353 	int i;
354 
355 	insn[0] = BPF_EMIT_CALL(BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32);
356 	for (i = 1; i <= hlen; i++) {
357 		insn[i]        = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_0, i, hlen);
358 		insn[i + hlen] = BPF_JMP_A(hlen - i);
359 	}
360 	insn[len - 2] = BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 1);
361 	insn[len - 1] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
362 
363 	return len;
364 }
365 
366 static int bpf_fill_torturous_jumps_insn_2(struct bpf_insn *insn)
367 {
368 	unsigned int len = 4100, jmp_off = 2048;
369 	int i, j;
370 
371 	insn[0] = BPF_EMIT_CALL(BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32);
372 	for (i = 1; i <= jmp_off; i++) {
373 		insn[i] = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_0, i, jmp_off);
374 	}
375 	insn[i++] = BPF_JMP_A(jmp_off);
376 	for (; i <= jmp_off * 2 + 1; i+=16) {
377 		for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
378 			insn[i + j] = BPF_JMP_A(16 - j - 1);
379 		}
380 	}
381 
382 	insn[len - 2] = BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 2);
383 	insn[len - 1] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
384 
385 	return len;
386 }
387 
388 static void bpf_fill_torturous_jumps(struct bpf_test *self)
389 {
390 	struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
391 	int i = 0;
392 
393 	switch (self->retval) {
394 	case 1:
395 		self->prog_len = bpf_fill_torturous_jumps_insn_1(insn);
396 		return;
397 	case 2:
398 		self->prog_len = bpf_fill_torturous_jumps_insn_2(insn);
399 		return;
400 	case 3:
401 		/* main */
402 		insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 4);
403 		insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 262);
404 		insn[i++] = BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -32, 0);
405 		insn[i++] = BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 3);
406 		insn[i++] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
407 
408 		/* subprog 1 */
409 		i += bpf_fill_torturous_jumps_insn_1(insn + i);
410 
411 		/* subprog 2 */
412 		i += bpf_fill_torturous_jumps_insn_2(insn + i);
413 
414 		self->prog_len = i;
415 		return;
416 	default:
417 		self->prog_len = 0;
418 		break;
419 	}
420 }
421 
422 static void bpf_fill_big_prog_with_loop_1(struct bpf_test *self)
423 {
424 	struct bpf_insn *insn = self->fill_insns;
425 	/* This test was added to catch a specific use after free
426 	 * error, which happened upon BPF program reallocation.
427 	 * Reallocation is handled by core.c:bpf_prog_realloc, which
428 	 * reuses old memory if page boundary is not crossed. The
429 	 * value of `len` is chosen to cross this boundary on bpf_loop
430 	 * patching.
431 	 */
432 	const int len = getpagesize() - 25;
433 	int callback_load_idx;
434 	int callback_idx;
435 	int i = 0;
436 
437 	insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_1, 1);
438 	callback_load_idx = i;
439 	insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_LD | BPF_IMM | BPF_DW,
440 				 BPF_REG_2, BPF_PSEUDO_FUNC, 0,
441 				 777 /* filled below */);
442 	insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
443 	insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_3, 0);
444 	insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_4, 0);
445 	insn[i++] = BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0, BPF_FUNC_loop);
446 
447 	while (i < len - 3)
448 		insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_0, 0);
449 	insn[i++] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
450 
451 	callback_idx = i;
452 	insn[i++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_MOV, BPF_REG_0, 0);
453 	insn[i++] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();
454 
455 	insn[callback_load_idx].imm = callback_idx - callback_load_idx - 1;
456 	self->func_info[1].insn_off = callback_idx;
457 	self->prog_len = i;
458 	assert(i == len);
459 }
460 
461 /* BPF_SK_LOOKUP contains 13 instructions, if you need to fix up maps */
462 #define BPF_SK_LOOKUP(func)						\
463 	/* struct bpf_sock_tuple tuple = {} */				\
464 	BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_2, 0),					\
465 	BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_W, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -8),			\
466 	BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -16),		\
467 	BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -24),		\
468 	BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -32),		\
469 	BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -40),		\
470 	BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_2, -48),		\
471 	/* sk = func(ctx, &tuple, sizeof tuple, 0, 0) */		\
472 	BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_10),				\
473 	BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ADD, BPF_REG_2, -48),				\
474 	BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_3, sizeof(struct bpf_sock_tuple)),	\
475 	BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_4, 0),					\
476 	BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_5, 0),					\
477 	BPF_EMIT_CALL(BPF_FUNC_ ## func)
478 
479 /* BPF_DIRECT_PKT_R2 contains 7 instructions, it initializes default return
480  * value into 0 and does necessary preparation for direct packet access
481  * through r2. The allowed access range is 8 bytes.
482  */
483 #define BPF_DIRECT_PKT_R2						\
484 	BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0),					\
485 	BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_W, BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_1,			\
486 		    offsetof(struct __sk_buff, data)),			\
487 	BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_W, BPF_REG_3, BPF_REG_1,			\
488 		    offsetof(struct __sk_buff, data_end)),		\
489 	BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_4, BPF_REG_2),				\
490 	BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ADD, BPF_REG_4, 8),				\
491 	BPF_JMP_REG(BPF_JLE, BPF_REG_4, BPF_REG_3, 1),			\
492 	BPF_EXIT_INSN()
493 
494 /* BPF_RAND_UEXT_R7 contains 4 instructions, it initializes R7 into a random
495  * positive u32, and zero-extend it into 64-bit.
496  */
497 #define BPF_RAND_UEXT_R7						\
498 	BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,			\
499 		     BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32),				\
500 	BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_7, BPF_REG_0),				\
501 	BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_LSH, BPF_REG_7, 33),				\
502 	BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_RSH, BPF_REG_7, 33)
503 
504 /* BPF_RAND_SEXT_R7 contains 5 instructions, it initializes R7 into a random
505  * negative u32, and sign-extend it into 64-bit.
506  */
507 #define BPF_RAND_SEXT_R7						\
508 	BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,			\
509 		     BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32),				\
510 	BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_7, BPF_REG_0),				\
511 	BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_OR, BPF_REG_7, 0x80000000),			\
512 	BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_LSH, BPF_REG_7, 32),				\
513 	BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ARSH, BPF_REG_7, 32)
514 
515 static struct bpf_test tests[] = {
516 #define FILL_ARRAY
517 #include <verifier/tests.h>
518 #undef FILL_ARRAY
519 };
520 
521 static int probe_filter_length(const struct bpf_insn *fp)
522 {
523 	int len;
524 
525 	for (len = MAX_INSNS - 1; len > 0; --len)
526 		if (fp[len].code != 0 || fp[len].imm != 0)
527 			break;
528 	return len + 1;
529 }
530 
531 static bool skip_unsupported_map(enum bpf_map_type map_type)
532 {
533 	if (!libbpf_probe_bpf_map_type(map_type, NULL)) {
534 		printf("SKIP (unsupported map type %d)\n", map_type);
535 		skips++;
536 		return true;
537 	}
538 	return false;
539 }
540 
541 static int __create_map(uint32_t type, uint32_t size_key,
542 			uint32_t size_value, uint32_t max_elem,
543 			uint32_t extra_flags)
544 {
545 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_create_opts, opts);
546 	int fd;
547 
548 	opts.map_flags = (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH ? BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC : 0) | extra_flags;
549 	fd = bpf_map_create(type, NULL, size_key, size_value, max_elem, &opts);
550 	if (fd < 0) {
551 		if (skip_unsupported_map(type))
552 			return -1;
553 		printf("Failed to create hash map '%s'!\n", strerror(errno));
554 	}
555 
556 	return fd;
557 }
558 
559 static int create_map(uint32_t type, uint32_t size_key,
560 		      uint32_t size_value, uint32_t max_elem)
561 {
562 	return __create_map(type, size_key, size_value, max_elem, 0);
563 }
564 
565 static void update_map(int fd, int index)
566 {
567 	struct test_val value = {
568 		.index = (6 + 1) * sizeof(int),
569 		.foo[6] = 0xabcdef12,
570 	};
571 
572 	assert(!bpf_map_update_elem(fd, &index, &value, 0));
573 }
574 
575 static int create_prog_dummy_simple(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type, int ret)
576 {
577 	struct bpf_insn prog[] = {
578 		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, ret),
579 		BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
580 	};
581 
582 	return bpf_prog_load(prog_type, NULL, "GPL", prog, ARRAY_SIZE(prog), NULL);
583 }
584 
585 static int create_prog_dummy_loop(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type, int mfd,
586 				  int idx, int ret)
587 {
588 	struct bpf_insn prog[] = {
589 		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_3, idx),
590 		BPF_LD_MAP_FD(BPF_REG_2, mfd),
591 		BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0,
592 			     BPF_FUNC_tail_call),
593 		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, ret),
594 		BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
595 	};
596 
597 	return bpf_prog_load(prog_type, NULL, "GPL", prog, ARRAY_SIZE(prog), NULL);
598 }
599 
600 static int create_prog_array(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type, uint32_t max_elem,
601 			     int p1key, int p2key, int p3key)
602 {
603 	int mfd, p1fd, p2fd, p3fd;
604 
605 	mfd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY, NULL, sizeof(int),
606 			     sizeof(int), max_elem, NULL);
607 	if (mfd < 0) {
608 		if (skip_unsupported_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY))
609 			return -1;
610 		printf("Failed to create prog array '%s'!\n", strerror(errno));
611 		return -1;
612 	}
613 
614 	p1fd = create_prog_dummy_simple(prog_type, 42);
615 	p2fd = create_prog_dummy_loop(prog_type, mfd, p2key, 41);
616 	p3fd = create_prog_dummy_simple(prog_type, 24);
617 	if (p1fd < 0 || p2fd < 0 || p3fd < 0)
618 		goto err;
619 	if (bpf_map_update_elem(mfd, &p1key, &p1fd, BPF_ANY) < 0)
620 		goto err;
621 	if (bpf_map_update_elem(mfd, &p2key, &p2fd, BPF_ANY) < 0)
622 		goto err;
623 	if (bpf_map_update_elem(mfd, &p3key, &p3fd, BPF_ANY) < 0) {
624 err:
625 		close(mfd);
626 		mfd = -1;
627 	}
628 	close(p3fd);
629 	close(p2fd);
630 	close(p1fd);
631 	return mfd;
632 }
633 
634 static int create_map_in_map(void)
635 {
636 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_create_opts, opts);
637 	int inner_map_fd, outer_map_fd;
638 
639 	inner_map_fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, NULL, sizeof(int),
640 				      sizeof(int), 1, NULL);
641 	if (inner_map_fd < 0) {
642 		if (skip_unsupported_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY))
643 			return -1;
644 		printf("Failed to create array '%s'!\n", strerror(errno));
645 		return inner_map_fd;
646 	}
647 
648 	opts.inner_map_fd = inner_map_fd;
649 	outer_map_fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS, NULL,
650 				      sizeof(int), sizeof(int), 1, &opts);
651 	if (outer_map_fd < 0) {
652 		if (skip_unsupported_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS))
653 			return -1;
654 		printf("Failed to create array of maps '%s'!\n",
655 		       strerror(errno));
656 	}
657 
658 	close(inner_map_fd);
659 
660 	return outer_map_fd;
661 }
662 
663 static int create_cgroup_storage(bool percpu)
664 {
665 	enum bpf_map_type type = percpu ? BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_CGROUP_STORAGE :
666 		BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE;
667 	int fd;
668 
669 	fd = bpf_map_create(type, NULL, sizeof(struct bpf_cgroup_storage_key),
670 			    TEST_DATA_LEN, 0, NULL);
671 	if (fd < 0) {
672 		if (skip_unsupported_map(type))
673 			return -1;
674 		printf("Failed to create cgroup storage '%s'!\n",
675 		       strerror(errno));
676 	}
677 
678 	return fd;
679 }
680 
681 /* struct bpf_spin_lock {
682  *   int val;
683  * };
684  * struct val {
685  *   int cnt;
686  *   struct bpf_spin_lock l;
687  * };
688  * struct bpf_timer {
689  *   __u64 :64;
690  *   __u64 :64;
691  * } __attribute__((aligned(8)));
692  * struct timer {
693  *   struct bpf_timer t;
694  * };
695  * struct btf_ptr {
696  *   struct prog_test_ref_kfunc __kptr_untrusted *ptr;
697  *   struct prog_test_ref_kfunc __kptr *ptr;
698  *   struct prog_test_member __kptr *ptr;
699  * }
700  */
701 static const char btf_str_sec[] = "\0bpf_spin_lock\0val\0cnt\0l\0bpf_timer\0timer\0t"
702 				  "\0btf_ptr\0prog_test_ref_kfunc\0ptr\0kptr\0kptr_untrusted"
703 				  "\0prog_test_member";
704 static __u32 btf_raw_types[] = {
705 	/* int */
706 	BTF_TYPE_INT_ENC(0, BTF_INT_SIGNED, 0, 32, 4),  /* [1] */
707 	/* struct bpf_spin_lock */                      /* [2] */
708 	BTF_TYPE_ENC(1, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_STRUCT, 0, 1), 4),
709 	BTF_MEMBER_ENC(15, 1, 0), /* int val; */
710 	/* struct val */                                /* [3] */
711 	BTF_TYPE_ENC(15, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_STRUCT, 0, 2), 8),
712 	BTF_MEMBER_ENC(19, 1, 0), /* int cnt; */
713 	BTF_MEMBER_ENC(23, 2, 32),/* struct bpf_spin_lock l; */
714 	/* struct bpf_timer */                          /* [4] */
715 	BTF_TYPE_ENC(25, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_STRUCT, 0, 0), 16),
716 	/* struct timer */                              /* [5] */
717 	BTF_TYPE_ENC(35, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_STRUCT, 0, 1), 16),
718 	BTF_MEMBER_ENC(41, 4, 0), /* struct bpf_timer t; */
719 	/* struct prog_test_ref_kfunc */		/* [6] */
720 	BTF_STRUCT_ENC(51, 0, 0),
721 	BTF_STRUCT_ENC(95, 0, 0),			/* [7] */
722 	/* type tag "kptr_untrusted" */
723 	BTF_TYPE_TAG_ENC(80, 6),			/* [8] */
724 	/* type tag "kptr" */
725 	BTF_TYPE_TAG_ENC(75, 6),			/* [9] */
726 	BTF_TYPE_TAG_ENC(75, 7),			/* [10] */
727 	BTF_PTR_ENC(8),					/* [11] */
728 	BTF_PTR_ENC(9),					/* [12] */
729 	BTF_PTR_ENC(10),				/* [13] */
730 	/* struct btf_ptr */				/* [14] */
731 	BTF_STRUCT_ENC(43, 3, 24),
732 	BTF_MEMBER_ENC(71, 11, 0), /* struct prog_test_ref_kfunc __kptr_untrusted *ptr; */
733 	BTF_MEMBER_ENC(71, 12, 64), /* struct prog_test_ref_kfunc __kptr *ptr; */
734 	BTF_MEMBER_ENC(71, 13, 128), /* struct prog_test_member __kptr *ptr; */
735 };
736 
737 static char bpf_vlog[UINT_MAX >> 8];
738 
739 static int load_btf_spec(__u32 *types, int types_len,
740 			 const char *strings, int strings_len)
741 {
742 	struct btf_header hdr = {
743 		.magic = BTF_MAGIC,
744 		.version = BTF_VERSION,
745 		.hdr_len = sizeof(struct btf_header),
746 		.type_len = types_len,
747 		.str_off = types_len,
748 		.str_len = strings_len,
749 	};
750 	void *ptr, *raw_btf;
751 	int btf_fd;
752 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_btf_load_opts, opts,
753 		    .log_buf = bpf_vlog,
754 		    .log_size = sizeof(bpf_vlog),
755 		    .log_level = (verbose
756 				  ? verif_log_level
757 				  : DEFAULT_LIBBPF_LOG_LEVEL),
758 	);
759 
760 	raw_btf = malloc(sizeof(hdr) + types_len + strings_len);
761 
762 	ptr = raw_btf;
763 	memcpy(ptr, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
764 	ptr += sizeof(hdr);
765 	memcpy(ptr, types, hdr.type_len);
766 	ptr += hdr.type_len;
767 	memcpy(ptr, strings, hdr.str_len);
768 	ptr += hdr.str_len;
769 
770 	btf_fd = bpf_btf_load(raw_btf, ptr - raw_btf, &opts);
771 	if (btf_fd < 0)
772 		printf("Failed to load BTF spec: '%s'\n", strerror(errno));
773 
774 	free(raw_btf);
775 
776 	return btf_fd < 0 ? -1 : btf_fd;
777 }
778 
779 static int load_btf(void)
780 {
781 	return load_btf_spec(btf_raw_types, sizeof(btf_raw_types),
782 			     btf_str_sec, sizeof(btf_str_sec));
783 }
784 
785 static int load_btf_for_test(struct bpf_test *test)
786 {
787 	int types_num = 0;
788 
789 	while (types_num < MAX_BTF_TYPES &&
790 	       test->btf_types[types_num] != BTF_END_RAW)
791 		++types_num;
792 
793 	int types_len = types_num * sizeof(test->btf_types[0]);
794 
795 	return load_btf_spec(test->btf_types, types_len,
796 			     test->btf_strings, sizeof(test->btf_strings));
797 }
798 
799 static int create_map_spin_lock(void)
800 {
801 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_create_opts, opts,
802 		.btf_key_type_id = 1,
803 		.btf_value_type_id = 3,
804 	);
805 	int fd, btf_fd;
806 
807 	btf_fd = load_btf();
808 	if (btf_fd < 0)
809 		return -1;
810 	opts.btf_fd = btf_fd;
811 	fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, "test_map", 4, 8, 1, &opts);
812 	if (fd < 0)
813 		printf("Failed to create map with spin_lock\n");
814 	return fd;
815 }
816 
817 static int create_sk_storage_map(void)
818 {
819 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_create_opts, opts,
820 		.map_flags = BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC,
821 		.btf_key_type_id = 1,
822 		.btf_value_type_id = 3,
823 	);
824 	int fd, btf_fd;
825 
826 	btf_fd = load_btf();
827 	if (btf_fd < 0)
828 		return -1;
829 	opts.btf_fd = btf_fd;
830 	fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_SK_STORAGE, "test_map", 4, 8, 0, &opts);
831 	close(opts.btf_fd);
832 	if (fd < 0)
833 		printf("Failed to create sk_storage_map\n");
834 	return fd;
835 }
836 
837 static int create_map_timer(void)
838 {
839 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_create_opts, opts,
840 		.btf_key_type_id = 1,
841 		.btf_value_type_id = 5,
842 	);
843 	int fd, btf_fd;
844 
845 	btf_fd = load_btf();
846 	if (btf_fd < 0)
847 		return -1;
848 
849 	opts.btf_fd = btf_fd;
850 	fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, "test_map", 4, 16, 1, &opts);
851 	if (fd < 0)
852 		printf("Failed to create map with timer\n");
853 	return fd;
854 }
855 
856 static int create_map_kptr(void)
857 {
858 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_create_opts, opts,
859 		.btf_key_type_id = 1,
860 		.btf_value_type_id = 14,
861 	);
862 	int fd, btf_fd;
863 
864 	btf_fd = load_btf();
865 	if (btf_fd < 0)
866 		return -1;
867 
868 	opts.btf_fd = btf_fd;
869 	fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, "test_map", 4, 24, 1, &opts);
870 	if (fd < 0)
871 		printf("Failed to create map with btf_id pointer\n");
872 	return fd;
873 }
874 
875 static void set_root(bool set)
876 {
877 	__u64 caps;
878 
879 	if (set) {
880 		if (cap_enable_effective(1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN, &caps))
881 			perror("cap_disable_effective(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)");
882 	} else {
883 		if (cap_disable_effective(1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN, &caps))
884 			perror("cap_disable_effective(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)");
885 	}
886 }
887 
888 static __u64 ptr_to_u64(const void *ptr)
889 {
890 	return (uintptr_t) ptr;
891 }
892 
893 static struct btf *btf__load_testmod_btf(struct btf *vmlinux)
894 {
895 	struct bpf_btf_info info;
896 	__u32 len = sizeof(info);
897 	struct btf *btf = NULL;
898 	char name[64];
899 	__u32 id = 0;
900 	int err, fd;
901 
902 	/* Iterate all loaded BTF objects and find bpf_testmod,
903 	 * we need SYS_ADMIN cap for that.
904 	 */
905 	set_root(true);
906 
907 	while (true) {
908 		err = bpf_btf_get_next_id(id, &id);
909 		if (err) {
910 			if (errno == ENOENT)
911 				break;
912 			perror("bpf_btf_get_next_id failed");
913 			break;
914 		}
915 
916 		fd = bpf_btf_get_fd_by_id(id);
917 		if (fd < 0) {
918 			if (errno == ENOENT)
919 				continue;
920 			perror("bpf_btf_get_fd_by_id failed");
921 			break;
922 		}
923 
924 		memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
925 		info.name_len = sizeof(name);
926 		info.name = ptr_to_u64(name);
927 		len = sizeof(info);
928 
929 		err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
930 		if (err) {
931 			close(fd);
932 			perror("bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd failed");
933 			break;
934 		}
935 
936 		if (strcmp("bpf_testmod", name)) {
937 			close(fd);
938 			continue;
939 		}
940 
941 		btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id_split(id, vmlinux);
942 		if (!btf) {
943 			close(fd);
944 			break;
945 		}
946 
947 		/* We need the fd to stay open so it can be used in fd_array.
948 		 * The final cleanup call to btf__free will free btf object
949 		 * and close the file descriptor.
950 		 */
951 		btf__set_fd(btf, fd);
952 		break;
953 	}
954 
955 	set_root(false);
956 	return btf;
957 }
958 
959 static struct btf *testmod_btf;
960 static struct btf *vmlinux_btf;
961 
962 static void kfuncs_cleanup(void)
963 {
964 	btf__free(testmod_btf);
965 	btf__free(vmlinux_btf);
966 }
967 
968 static void fixup_prog_kfuncs(struct bpf_insn *prog, int *fd_array,
969 			      struct kfunc_btf_id_pair *fixup_kfunc_btf_id)
970 {
971 	/* Patch in kfunc BTF IDs */
972 	while (fixup_kfunc_btf_id->kfunc) {
973 		int btf_id = 0;
974 
975 		/* try to find kfunc in kernel BTF */
976 		vmlinux_btf = vmlinux_btf ?: btf__load_vmlinux_btf();
977 		if (vmlinux_btf) {
978 			btf_id = btf__find_by_name_kind(vmlinux_btf,
979 							fixup_kfunc_btf_id->kfunc,
980 							BTF_KIND_FUNC);
981 			btf_id = btf_id < 0 ? 0 : btf_id;
982 		}
983 
984 		/* kfunc not found in kernel BTF, try bpf_testmod BTF */
985 		if (!btf_id) {
986 			testmod_btf = testmod_btf ?: btf__load_testmod_btf(vmlinux_btf);
987 			if (testmod_btf) {
988 				btf_id = btf__find_by_name_kind(testmod_btf,
989 								fixup_kfunc_btf_id->kfunc,
990 								BTF_KIND_FUNC);
991 				btf_id = btf_id < 0 ? 0 : btf_id;
992 				if (btf_id) {
993 					/* We put bpf_testmod module fd into fd_array
994 					 * and its index 1 into instruction 'off'.
995 					 */
996 					*fd_array = btf__fd(testmod_btf);
997 					prog[fixup_kfunc_btf_id->insn_idx].off = 1;
998 				}
999 			}
1000 		}
1001 
1002 		prog[fixup_kfunc_btf_id->insn_idx].imm = btf_id;
1003 		fixup_kfunc_btf_id++;
1004 	}
1005 }
1006 
1007 static void do_test_fixup(struct bpf_test *test, enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
1008 			  struct bpf_insn *prog, int *map_fds, int *fd_array)
1009 {
1010 	int *fixup_map_hash_8b = test->fixup_map_hash_8b;
1011 	int *fixup_map_hash_48b = test->fixup_map_hash_48b;
1012 	int *fixup_map_hash_16b = test->fixup_map_hash_16b;
1013 	int *fixup_map_array_48b = test->fixup_map_array_48b;
1014 	int *fixup_map_sockmap = test->fixup_map_sockmap;
1015 	int *fixup_map_sockhash = test->fixup_map_sockhash;
1016 	int *fixup_map_xskmap = test->fixup_map_xskmap;
1017 	int *fixup_map_stacktrace = test->fixup_map_stacktrace;
1018 	int *fixup_prog1 = test->fixup_prog1;
1019 	int *fixup_prog2 = test->fixup_prog2;
1020 	int *fixup_map_in_map = test->fixup_map_in_map;
1021 	int *fixup_cgroup_storage = test->fixup_cgroup_storage;
1022 	int *fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage = test->fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage;
1023 	int *fixup_map_spin_lock = test->fixup_map_spin_lock;
1024 	int *fixup_map_array_ro = test->fixup_map_array_ro;
1025 	int *fixup_map_array_wo = test->fixup_map_array_wo;
1026 	int *fixup_map_array_small = test->fixup_map_array_small;
1027 	int *fixup_sk_storage_map = test->fixup_sk_storage_map;
1028 	int *fixup_map_event_output = test->fixup_map_event_output;
1029 	int *fixup_map_reuseport_array = test->fixup_map_reuseport_array;
1030 	int *fixup_map_ringbuf = test->fixup_map_ringbuf;
1031 	int *fixup_map_timer = test->fixup_map_timer;
1032 	int *fixup_map_kptr = test->fixup_map_kptr;
1033 
1034 	if (test->fill_helper) {
1035 		test->fill_insns = calloc(MAX_TEST_INSNS, sizeof(struct bpf_insn));
1036 		test->fill_helper(test);
1037 	}
1038 
1039 	/* Allocating HTs with 1 elem is fine here, since we only test
1040 	 * for verifier and not do a runtime lookup, so the only thing
1041 	 * that really matters is value size in this case.
1042 	 */
1043 	if (*fixup_map_hash_8b) {
1044 		map_fds[0] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(long long),
1045 					sizeof(long long), 1);
1046 		do {
1047 			prog[*fixup_map_hash_8b].imm = map_fds[0];
1048 			fixup_map_hash_8b++;
1049 		} while (*fixup_map_hash_8b);
1050 	}
1051 
1052 	if (*fixup_map_hash_48b) {
1053 		map_fds[1] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(long long),
1054 					sizeof(struct test_val), 1);
1055 		do {
1056 			prog[*fixup_map_hash_48b].imm = map_fds[1];
1057 			fixup_map_hash_48b++;
1058 		} while (*fixup_map_hash_48b);
1059 	}
1060 
1061 	if (*fixup_map_hash_16b) {
1062 		map_fds[2] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(long long),
1063 					sizeof(struct other_val), 1);
1064 		do {
1065 			prog[*fixup_map_hash_16b].imm = map_fds[2];
1066 			fixup_map_hash_16b++;
1067 		} while (*fixup_map_hash_16b);
1068 	}
1069 
1070 	if (*fixup_map_array_48b) {
1071 		map_fds[3] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int),
1072 					sizeof(struct test_val), 1);
1073 		update_map(map_fds[3], 0);
1074 		do {
1075 			prog[*fixup_map_array_48b].imm = map_fds[3];
1076 			fixup_map_array_48b++;
1077 		} while (*fixup_map_array_48b);
1078 	}
1079 
1080 	if (*fixup_prog1) {
1081 		map_fds[4] = create_prog_array(prog_type, 4, 0, 1, 2);
1082 		do {
1083 			prog[*fixup_prog1].imm = map_fds[4];
1084 			fixup_prog1++;
1085 		} while (*fixup_prog1);
1086 	}
1087 
1088 	if (*fixup_prog2) {
1089 		map_fds[5] = create_prog_array(prog_type, 8, 7, 1, 2);
1090 		do {
1091 			prog[*fixup_prog2].imm = map_fds[5];
1092 			fixup_prog2++;
1093 		} while (*fixup_prog2);
1094 	}
1095 
1096 	if (*fixup_map_in_map) {
1097 		map_fds[6] = create_map_in_map();
1098 		do {
1099 			prog[*fixup_map_in_map].imm = map_fds[6];
1100 			fixup_map_in_map++;
1101 		} while (*fixup_map_in_map);
1102 	}
1103 
1104 	if (*fixup_cgroup_storage) {
1105 		map_fds[7] = create_cgroup_storage(false);
1106 		do {
1107 			prog[*fixup_cgroup_storage].imm = map_fds[7];
1108 			fixup_cgroup_storage++;
1109 		} while (*fixup_cgroup_storage);
1110 	}
1111 
1112 	if (*fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage) {
1113 		map_fds[8] = create_cgroup_storage(true);
1114 		do {
1115 			prog[*fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage].imm = map_fds[8];
1116 			fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage++;
1117 		} while (*fixup_percpu_cgroup_storage);
1118 	}
1119 	if (*fixup_map_sockmap) {
1120 		map_fds[9] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP, sizeof(int),
1121 					sizeof(int), 1);
1122 		do {
1123 			prog[*fixup_map_sockmap].imm = map_fds[9];
1124 			fixup_map_sockmap++;
1125 		} while (*fixup_map_sockmap);
1126 	}
1127 	if (*fixup_map_sockhash) {
1128 		map_fds[10] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH, sizeof(int),
1129 					sizeof(int), 1);
1130 		do {
1131 			prog[*fixup_map_sockhash].imm = map_fds[10];
1132 			fixup_map_sockhash++;
1133 		} while (*fixup_map_sockhash);
1134 	}
1135 	if (*fixup_map_xskmap) {
1136 		map_fds[11] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP, sizeof(int),
1137 					sizeof(int), 1);
1138 		do {
1139 			prog[*fixup_map_xskmap].imm = map_fds[11];
1140 			fixup_map_xskmap++;
1141 		} while (*fixup_map_xskmap);
1142 	}
1143 	if (*fixup_map_stacktrace) {
1144 		map_fds[12] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE, sizeof(u32),
1145 					 sizeof(u64), 1);
1146 		do {
1147 			prog[*fixup_map_stacktrace].imm = map_fds[12];
1148 			fixup_map_stacktrace++;
1149 		} while (*fixup_map_stacktrace);
1150 	}
1151 	if (*fixup_map_spin_lock) {
1152 		map_fds[13] = create_map_spin_lock();
1153 		do {
1154 			prog[*fixup_map_spin_lock].imm = map_fds[13];
1155 			fixup_map_spin_lock++;
1156 		} while (*fixup_map_spin_lock);
1157 	}
1158 	if (*fixup_map_array_ro) {
1159 		map_fds[14] = __create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int),
1160 					   sizeof(struct test_val), 1,
1161 					   BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG);
1162 		update_map(map_fds[14], 0);
1163 		do {
1164 			prog[*fixup_map_array_ro].imm = map_fds[14];
1165 			fixup_map_array_ro++;
1166 		} while (*fixup_map_array_ro);
1167 	}
1168 	if (*fixup_map_array_wo) {
1169 		map_fds[15] = __create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int),
1170 					   sizeof(struct test_val), 1,
1171 					   BPF_F_WRONLY_PROG);
1172 		update_map(map_fds[15], 0);
1173 		do {
1174 			prog[*fixup_map_array_wo].imm = map_fds[15];
1175 			fixup_map_array_wo++;
1176 		} while (*fixup_map_array_wo);
1177 	}
1178 	if (*fixup_map_array_small) {
1179 		map_fds[16] = __create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int),
1180 					   1, 1, 0);
1181 		update_map(map_fds[16], 0);
1182 		do {
1183 			prog[*fixup_map_array_small].imm = map_fds[16];
1184 			fixup_map_array_small++;
1185 		} while (*fixup_map_array_small);
1186 	}
1187 	if (*fixup_sk_storage_map) {
1188 		map_fds[17] = create_sk_storage_map();
1189 		do {
1190 			prog[*fixup_sk_storage_map].imm = map_fds[17];
1191 			fixup_sk_storage_map++;
1192 		} while (*fixup_sk_storage_map);
1193 	}
1194 	if (*fixup_map_event_output) {
1195 		map_fds[18] = __create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY,
1196 					   sizeof(int), sizeof(int), 1, 0);
1197 		do {
1198 			prog[*fixup_map_event_output].imm = map_fds[18];
1199 			fixup_map_event_output++;
1200 		} while (*fixup_map_event_output);
1201 	}
1202 	if (*fixup_map_reuseport_array) {
1203 		map_fds[19] = __create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_REUSEPORT_SOCKARRAY,
1204 					   sizeof(u32), sizeof(u64), 1, 0);
1205 		do {
1206 			prog[*fixup_map_reuseport_array].imm = map_fds[19];
1207 			fixup_map_reuseport_array++;
1208 		} while (*fixup_map_reuseport_array);
1209 	}
1210 	if (*fixup_map_ringbuf) {
1211 		map_fds[20] = create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_RINGBUF, 0,
1212 					 0, getpagesize());
1213 		do {
1214 			prog[*fixup_map_ringbuf].imm = map_fds[20];
1215 			fixup_map_ringbuf++;
1216 		} while (*fixup_map_ringbuf);
1217 	}
1218 	if (*fixup_map_timer) {
1219 		map_fds[21] = create_map_timer();
1220 		do {
1221 			prog[*fixup_map_timer].imm = map_fds[21];
1222 			fixup_map_timer++;
1223 		} while (*fixup_map_timer);
1224 	}
1225 	if (*fixup_map_kptr) {
1226 		map_fds[22] = create_map_kptr();
1227 		do {
1228 			prog[*fixup_map_kptr].imm = map_fds[22];
1229 			fixup_map_kptr++;
1230 		} while (*fixup_map_kptr);
1231 	}
1232 
1233 	fixup_prog_kfuncs(prog, fd_array, test->fixup_kfunc_btf_id);
1234 }
1235 
1236 static int set_admin(bool admin)
1237 {
1238 	int err;
1239 
1240 	if (admin) {
1241 		err = cap_enable_effective(ADMIN_CAPS, NULL);
1242 		if (err)
1243 			perror("cap_enable_effective(ADMIN_CAPS)");
1244 	} else {
1245 		err = cap_disable_effective(ADMIN_CAPS, NULL);
1246 		if (err)
1247 			perror("cap_disable_effective(ADMIN_CAPS)");
1248 	}
1249 
1250 	return err;
1251 }
1252 
1253 static int do_prog_test_run(int fd_prog, bool unpriv, uint32_t expected_val,
1254 			    void *data, size_t size_data)
1255 {
1256 	__u8 tmp[TEST_DATA_LEN << 2];
1257 	__u32 size_tmp = sizeof(tmp);
1258 	int err, saved_errno;
1259 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, topts,
1260 		.data_in = data,
1261 		.data_size_in = size_data,
1262 		.data_out = tmp,
1263 		.data_size_out = size_tmp,
1264 		.repeat = 1,
1265 	);
1266 
1267 	if (unpriv)
1268 		set_admin(true);
1269 	err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(fd_prog, &topts);
1270 	saved_errno = errno;
1271 
1272 	if (unpriv)
1273 		set_admin(false);
1274 
1275 	if (err) {
1276 		switch (saved_errno) {
1277 		case ENOTSUPP:
1278 			printf("Did not run the program (not supported) ");
1279 			return 0;
1280 		case EPERM:
1281 			if (unpriv) {
1282 				printf("Did not run the program (no permission) ");
1283 				return 0;
1284 			}
1285 			/* fallthrough; */
1286 		default:
1287 			printf("FAIL: Unexpected bpf_prog_test_run error (%s) ",
1288 				strerror(saved_errno));
1289 			return err;
1290 		}
1291 	}
1292 
1293 	if (topts.retval != expected_val && expected_val != POINTER_VALUE) {
1294 		printf("FAIL retval %d != %d ", topts.retval, expected_val);
1295 		return 1;
1296 	}
1297 
1298 	return 0;
1299 }
1300 
1301 /* Returns true if every part of exp (tab-separated) appears in log, in order.
1302  *
1303  * If exp is an empty string, returns true.
1304  */
1305 static bool cmp_str_seq(const char *log, const char *exp)
1306 {
1307 	char needle[200];
1308 	const char *p, *q;
1309 	int len;
1310 
1311 	do {
1312 		if (!strlen(exp))
1313 			break;
1314 		p = strchr(exp, '\t');
1315 		if (!p)
1316 			p = exp + strlen(exp);
1317 
1318 		len = p - exp;
1319 		if (len >= sizeof(needle) || !len) {
1320 			printf("FAIL\nTestcase bug\n");
1321 			return false;
1322 		}
1323 		strncpy(needle, exp, len);
1324 		needle[len] = 0;
1325 		q = strstr(log, needle);
1326 		if (!q) {
1327 			printf("FAIL\nUnexpected verifier log!\n"
1328 			       "EXP: %s\nRES:\n", needle);
1329 			return false;
1330 		}
1331 		log = q + len;
1332 		exp = p + 1;
1333 	} while (*p);
1334 	return true;
1335 }
1336 
1337 static bool is_null_insn(struct bpf_insn *insn)
1338 {
1339 	struct bpf_insn null_insn = {};
1340 
1341 	return memcmp(insn, &null_insn, sizeof(null_insn)) == 0;
1342 }
1343 
1344 static bool is_skip_insn(struct bpf_insn *insn)
1345 {
1346 	struct bpf_insn skip_insn = SKIP_INSNS();
1347 
1348 	return memcmp(insn, &skip_insn, sizeof(skip_insn)) == 0;
1349 }
1350 
1351 static int null_terminated_insn_len(struct bpf_insn *seq, int max_len)
1352 {
1353 	int i;
1354 
1355 	for (i = 0; i < max_len; ++i) {
1356 		if (is_null_insn(&seq[i]))
1357 			return i;
1358 	}
1359 	return max_len;
1360 }
1361 
1362 static bool compare_masked_insn(struct bpf_insn *orig, struct bpf_insn *masked)
1363 {
1364 	struct bpf_insn orig_masked;
1365 
1366 	memcpy(&orig_masked, orig, sizeof(orig_masked));
1367 	if (masked->imm == INSN_IMM_MASK)
1368 		orig_masked.imm = INSN_IMM_MASK;
1369 	if (masked->off == INSN_OFF_MASK)
1370 		orig_masked.off = INSN_OFF_MASK;
1371 
1372 	return memcmp(&orig_masked, masked, sizeof(orig_masked)) == 0;
1373 }
1374 
1375 static int find_insn_subseq(struct bpf_insn *seq, struct bpf_insn *subseq,
1376 			    int seq_len, int subseq_len)
1377 {
1378 	int i, j;
1379 
1380 	if (subseq_len > seq_len)
1381 		return -1;
1382 
1383 	for (i = 0; i < seq_len - subseq_len + 1; ++i) {
1384 		bool found = true;
1385 
1386 		for (j = 0; j < subseq_len; ++j) {
1387 			if (!compare_masked_insn(&seq[i + j], &subseq[j])) {
1388 				found = false;
1389 				break;
1390 			}
1391 		}
1392 		if (found)
1393 			return i;
1394 	}
1395 
1396 	return -1;
1397 }
1398 
1399 static int find_skip_insn_marker(struct bpf_insn *seq, int len)
1400 {
1401 	int i;
1402 
1403 	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
1404 		if (is_skip_insn(&seq[i]))
1405 			return i;
1406 
1407 	return -1;
1408 }
1409 
1410 /* Return true if all sub-sequences in `subseqs` could be found in
1411  * `seq` one after another. Sub-sequences are separated by a single
1412  * nil instruction.
1413  */
1414 static bool find_all_insn_subseqs(struct bpf_insn *seq, struct bpf_insn *subseqs,
1415 				  int seq_len, int max_subseqs_len)
1416 {
1417 	int subseqs_len = null_terminated_insn_len(subseqs, max_subseqs_len);
1418 
1419 	while (subseqs_len > 0) {
1420 		int skip_idx = find_skip_insn_marker(subseqs, subseqs_len);
1421 		int cur_subseq_len = skip_idx < 0 ? subseqs_len : skip_idx;
1422 		int subseq_idx = find_insn_subseq(seq, subseqs,
1423 						  seq_len, cur_subseq_len);
1424 
1425 		if (subseq_idx < 0)
1426 			return false;
1427 		seq += subseq_idx + cur_subseq_len;
1428 		seq_len -= subseq_idx + cur_subseq_len;
1429 		subseqs += cur_subseq_len + 1;
1430 		subseqs_len -= cur_subseq_len + 1;
1431 	}
1432 
1433 	return true;
1434 }
1435 
1436 static void print_insn(struct bpf_insn *buf, int cnt)
1437 {
1438 	int i;
1439 
1440 	printf("  addr  op d s off  imm\n");
1441 	for (i = 0; i < cnt; ++i) {
1442 		struct bpf_insn *insn = &buf[i];
1443 
1444 		if (is_null_insn(insn))
1445 			break;
1446 
1447 		if (is_skip_insn(insn))
1448 			printf("  ...\n");
1449 		else
1450 			printf("  %04x: %02x %1x %x %04hx %08x\n",
1451 			       i, insn->code, insn->dst_reg,
1452 			       insn->src_reg, insn->off, insn->imm);
1453 	}
1454 }
1455 
1456 static bool check_xlated_program(struct bpf_test *test, int fd_prog)
1457 {
1458 	struct bpf_insn *buf;
1459 	unsigned int cnt;
1460 	bool result = true;
1461 	bool check_expected = !is_null_insn(test->expected_insns);
1462 	bool check_unexpected = !is_null_insn(test->unexpected_insns);
1463 
1464 	if (!check_expected && !check_unexpected)
1465 		goto out;
1466 
1467 	if (get_xlated_program(fd_prog, &buf, &cnt)) {
1468 		printf("FAIL: can't get xlated program\n");
1469 		result = false;
1470 		goto out;
1471 	}
1472 
1473 	if (check_expected &&
1474 	    !find_all_insn_subseqs(buf, test->expected_insns,
1475 				   cnt, MAX_EXPECTED_INSNS)) {
1476 		printf("FAIL: can't find expected subsequence of instructions\n");
1477 		result = false;
1478 		if (verbose) {
1479 			printf("Program:\n");
1480 			print_insn(buf, cnt);
1481 			printf("Expected subsequence:\n");
1482 			print_insn(test->expected_insns, MAX_EXPECTED_INSNS);
1483 		}
1484 	}
1485 
1486 	if (check_unexpected &&
1487 	    find_all_insn_subseqs(buf, test->unexpected_insns,
1488 				  cnt, MAX_UNEXPECTED_INSNS)) {
1489 		printf("FAIL: found unexpected subsequence of instructions\n");
1490 		result = false;
1491 		if (verbose) {
1492 			printf("Program:\n");
1493 			print_insn(buf, cnt);
1494 			printf("Un-expected subsequence:\n");
1495 			print_insn(test->unexpected_insns, MAX_UNEXPECTED_INSNS);
1496 		}
1497 	}
1498 
1499 	free(buf);
1500  out:
1501 	return result;
1502 }
1503 
1504 static void do_test_single(struct bpf_test *test, bool unpriv,
1505 			   int *passes, int *errors)
1506 {
1507 	int fd_prog, btf_fd, expected_ret, alignment_prevented_execution;
1508 	int prog_len, prog_type = test->prog_type;
1509 	struct bpf_insn *prog = test->insns;
1510 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_load_opts, opts);
1511 	int run_errs, run_successes;
1512 	int map_fds[MAX_NR_MAPS];
1513 	const char *expected_err;
1514 	int fd_array[2] = { -1, -1 };
1515 	int saved_errno;
1516 	int fixup_skips;
1517 	__u32 pflags;
1518 	int i, err;
1519 
1520 	if ((test->flags & F_NEEDS_JIT_ENABLED) && jit_disabled) {
1521 		printf("SKIP (requires BPF JIT)\n");
1522 		skips++;
1523 		sched_yield();
1524 		return;
1525 	}
1526 
1527 	fd_prog = -1;
1528 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_MAPS; i++)
1529 		map_fds[i] = -1;
1530 	btf_fd = -1;
1531 
1532 	if (!prog_type)
1533 		prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER;
1534 	fixup_skips = skips;
1535 	do_test_fixup(test, prog_type, prog, map_fds, &fd_array[1]);
1536 	if (test->fill_insns) {
1537 		prog = test->fill_insns;
1538 		prog_len = test->prog_len;
1539 	} else {
1540 		prog_len = probe_filter_length(prog);
1541 	}
1542 	/* If there were some map skips during fixup due to missing bpf
1543 	 * features, skip this test.
1544 	 */
1545 	if (fixup_skips != skips)
1546 		return;
1547 
1548 	pflags = testing_prog_flags();
1549 	if (test->flags & F_LOAD_WITH_STRICT_ALIGNMENT)
1550 		pflags |= BPF_F_STRICT_ALIGNMENT;
1551 	if (test->flags & F_NEEDS_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS)
1552 		pflags |= BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT;
1553 	if (test->flags & ~3)
1554 		pflags |= test->flags;
1555 
1556 	expected_ret = unpriv && test->result_unpriv != UNDEF ?
1557 		       test->result_unpriv : test->result;
1558 	expected_err = unpriv && test->errstr_unpriv ?
1559 		       test->errstr_unpriv : test->errstr;
1560 
1561 	opts.expected_attach_type = test->expected_attach_type;
1562 	if (verbose)
1563 		opts.log_level = verif_log_level | 4; /* force stats */
1564 	else if (expected_ret == VERBOSE_ACCEPT)
1565 		opts.log_level = 2;
1566 	else
1567 		opts.log_level = DEFAULT_LIBBPF_LOG_LEVEL;
1568 	opts.prog_flags = pflags;
1569 	if (fd_array[1] != -1)
1570 		opts.fd_array = &fd_array[0];
1571 
1572 	if ((prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING ||
1573 	     prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM) && test->kfunc) {
1574 		int attach_btf_id;
1575 
1576 		attach_btf_id = libbpf_find_vmlinux_btf_id(test->kfunc,
1577 						opts.expected_attach_type);
1578 		if (attach_btf_id < 0) {
1579 			printf("FAIL\nFailed to find BTF ID for '%s'!\n",
1580 				test->kfunc);
1581 			(*errors)++;
1582 			return;
1583 		}
1584 
1585 		opts.attach_btf_id = attach_btf_id;
1586 	}
1587 
1588 	if (test->btf_types[0] != 0) {
1589 		btf_fd = load_btf_for_test(test);
1590 		if (btf_fd < 0)
1591 			goto fail_log;
1592 		opts.prog_btf_fd = btf_fd;
1593 	}
1594 
1595 	if (test->func_info_cnt != 0) {
1596 		opts.func_info = test->func_info;
1597 		opts.func_info_cnt = test->func_info_cnt;
1598 		opts.func_info_rec_size = sizeof(test->func_info[0]);
1599 	}
1600 
1601 	opts.log_buf = bpf_vlog;
1602 	opts.log_size = sizeof(bpf_vlog);
1603 	fd_prog = bpf_prog_load(prog_type, NULL, "GPL", prog, prog_len, &opts);
1604 	saved_errno = errno;
1605 
1606 	/* BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING requires more setup and
1607 	 * bpf_probe_prog_type won't give correct answer
1608 	 */
1609 	if (fd_prog < 0 && prog_type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING &&
1610 	    !libbpf_probe_bpf_prog_type(prog_type, NULL)) {
1611 		printf("SKIP (unsupported program type %d)\n", prog_type);
1612 		skips++;
1613 		goto close_fds;
1614 	}
1615 
1616 	if (fd_prog < 0 && saved_errno == ENOTSUPP) {
1617 		printf("SKIP (program uses an unsupported feature)\n");
1618 		skips++;
1619 		goto close_fds;
1620 	}
1621 
1622 	alignment_prevented_execution = 0;
1623 
1624 	if (expected_ret == ACCEPT || expected_ret == VERBOSE_ACCEPT) {
1625 		if (fd_prog < 0) {
1626 			printf("FAIL\nFailed to load prog '%s'!\n",
1627 			       strerror(saved_errno));
1628 			goto fail_log;
1629 		}
1630 #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
1631 		if (fd_prog >= 0 &&
1632 		    (test->flags & F_NEEDS_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS))
1633 			alignment_prevented_execution = 1;
1634 #endif
1635 		if (expected_ret == VERBOSE_ACCEPT && !cmp_str_seq(bpf_vlog, expected_err)) {
1636 			goto fail_log;
1637 		}
1638 	} else {
1639 		if (fd_prog >= 0) {
1640 			printf("FAIL\nUnexpected success to load!\n");
1641 			goto fail_log;
1642 		}
1643 		if (!expected_err || !cmp_str_seq(bpf_vlog, expected_err)) {
1644 			printf("FAIL\nUnexpected error message!\n\tEXP: %s\n\tRES: %s\n",
1645 			      expected_err, bpf_vlog);
1646 			goto fail_log;
1647 		}
1648 	}
1649 
1650 	if (!unpriv && test->insn_processed) {
1651 		uint32_t insn_processed;
1652 		char *proc;
1653 
1654 		proc = strstr(bpf_vlog, "processed ");
1655 		insn_processed = atoi(proc + 10);
1656 		if (test->insn_processed != insn_processed) {
1657 			printf("FAIL\nUnexpected insn_processed %u vs %u\n",
1658 			       insn_processed, test->insn_processed);
1659 			goto fail_log;
1660 		}
1661 	}
1662 
1663 	if (verbose)
1664 		printf(", verifier log:\n%s", bpf_vlog);
1665 
1666 	if (!check_xlated_program(test, fd_prog))
1667 		goto fail_log;
1668 
1669 	run_errs = 0;
1670 	run_successes = 0;
1671 	if (!alignment_prevented_execution && fd_prog >= 0 && test->runs >= 0) {
1672 		uint32_t expected_val;
1673 		int i;
1674 
1675 		if (!test->runs)
1676 			test->runs = 1;
1677 
1678 		for (i = 0; i < test->runs; i++) {
1679 			if (unpriv && test->retvals[i].retval_unpriv)
1680 				expected_val = test->retvals[i].retval_unpriv;
1681 			else
1682 				expected_val = test->retvals[i].retval;
1683 
1684 			err = do_prog_test_run(fd_prog, unpriv, expected_val,
1685 					       test->retvals[i].data,
1686 					       sizeof(test->retvals[i].data));
1687 			if (err) {
1688 				printf("(run %d/%d) ", i + 1, test->runs);
1689 				run_errs++;
1690 			} else {
1691 				run_successes++;
1692 			}
1693 		}
1694 	}
1695 
1696 	if (!run_errs) {
1697 		(*passes)++;
1698 		if (run_successes > 1)
1699 			printf("%d cases ", run_successes);
1700 		printf("OK");
1701 		if (alignment_prevented_execution)
1702 			printf(" (NOTE: not executed due to unknown alignment)");
1703 		printf("\n");
1704 	} else {
1705 		printf("\n");
1706 		goto fail_log;
1707 	}
1708 close_fds:
1709 	if (test->fill_insns)
1710 		free(test->fill_insns);
1711 	close(fd_prog);
1712 	close(btf_fd);
1713 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_MAPS; i++)
1714 		close(map_fds[i]);
1715 	sched_yield();
1716 	return;
1717 fail_log:
1718 	(*errors)++;
1719 	printf("%s", bpf_vlog);
1720 	goto close_fds;
1721 }
1722 
1723 static bool is_admin(void)
1724 {
1725 	__u64 caps;
1726 
1727 	/* The test checks for finer cap as CAP_NET_ADMIN,
1728 	 * CAP_PERFMON, and CAP_BPF instead of CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
1729 	 * Thus, disable CAP_SYS_ADMIN at the beginning.
1730 	 */
1731 	if (cap_disable_effective(1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN, &caps)) {
1732 		perror("cap_disable_effective(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)");
1733 		return false;
1734 	}
1735 
1736 	return (caps & ADMIN_CAPS) == ADMIN_CAPS;
1737 }
1738 
1739 static bool test_as_unpriv(struct bpf_test *test)
1740 {
1741 #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
1742 	/* Some architectures have strict alignment requirements. In
1743 	 * that case, the BPF verifier detects if a program has
1744 	 * unaligned accesses and rejects them. A user can pass
1745 	 * BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT to a program to override this
1746 	 * check. That, however, will only work when a privileged user
1747 	 * loads a program. An unprivileged user loading a program
1748 	 * with this flag will be rejected prior entering the
1749 	 * verifier.
1750 	 */
1751 	if (test->flags & F_NEEDS_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS)
1752 		return false;
1753 #endif
1754 	return !test->prog_type ||
1755 	       test->prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER ||
1756 	       test->prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB;
1757 }
1758 
1759 static int do_test(bool unpriv, unsigned int from, unsigned int to)
1760 {
1761 	int i, passes = 0, errors = 0;
1762 
1763 	/* ensure previous instance of the module is unloaded */
1764 	unload_bpf_testmod(verbose);
1765 
1766 	if (load_bpf_testmod(verbose))
1767 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
1768 
1769 	for (i = from; i < to; i++) {
1770 		struct bpf_test *test = &tests[i];
1771 
1772 		/* Program types that are not supported by non-root we
1773 		 * skip right away.
1774 		 */
1775 		if (test_as_unpriv(test) && unpriv_disabled) {
1776 			printf("#%d/u %s SKIP\n", i, test->descr);
1777 			skips++;
1778 		} else if (test_as_unpriv(test)) {
1779 			if (!unpriv)
1780 				set_admin(false);
1781 			printf("#%d/u %s ", i, test->descr);
1782 			do_test_single(test, true, &passes, &errors);
1783 			if (!unpriv)
1784 				set_admin(true);
1785 		}
1786 
1787 		if (unpriv) {
1788 			printf("#%d/p %s SKIP\n", i, test->descr);
1789 			skips++;
1790 		} else {
1791 			printf("#%d/p %s ", i, test->descr);
1792 			do_test_single(test, false, &passes, &errors);
1793 		}
1794 	}
1795 
1796 	unload_bpf_testmod(verbose);
1797 	kfuncs_cleanup();
1798 
1799 	printf("Summary: %d PASSED, %d SKIPPED, %d FAILED\n", passes,
1800 	       skips, errors);
1801 	return errors ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
1802 }
1803 
1804 int main(int argc, char **argv)
1805 {
1806 	unsigned int from = 0, to = ARRAY_SIZE(tests);
1807 	bool unpriv = !is_admin();
1808 	int arg = 1;
1809 
1810 	if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-v") == 0) {
1811 		arg++;
1812 		verbose = true;
1813 		verif_log_level = 1;
1814 		argc--;
1815 	}
1816 	if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-vv") == 0) {
1817 		arg++;
1818 		verbose = true;
1819 		verif_log_level = 2;
1820 		argc--;
1821 	}
1822 
1823 	if (argc == 3) {
1824 		unsigned int l = atoi(argv[arg]);
1825 		unsigned int u = atoi(argv[arg + 1]);
1826 
1827 		if (l < to && u < to) {
1828 			from = l;
1829 			to   = u + 1;
1830 		}
1831 	} else if (argc == 2) {
1832 		unsigned int t = atoi(argv[arg]);
1833 
1834 		if (t < to) {
1835 			from = t;
1836 			to   = t + 1;
1837 		}
1838 	}
1839 
1840 	unpriv_disabled = get_unpriv_disabled();
1841 	if (unpriv && unpriv_disabled) {
1842 		printf("Cannot run as unprivileged user with sysctl %s.\n",
1843 		       UNPRIV_SYSCTL);
1844 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
1845 	}
1846 
1847 	jit_disabled = !is_jit_enabled();
1848 
1849 	/* Use libbpf 1.0 API mode */
1850 	libbpf_set_strict_mode(LIBBPF_STRICT_ALL);
1851 
1852 	bpf_semi_rand_init();
1853 	return do_test(unpriv, from, to);
1854 }
1855