xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssl/crypto/cms/cms_kari.c (revision 78e936b2d0b5e6554425009199be31e76bc67c10)
1 /*
2  * Copyright 2013-2026 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
5  * this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
6  * in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
7  * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
8  */
9 
10 /*
11  * Low level key APIs (DH etc) are deprecated for public use, but still ok for
12  * internal use.
13  */
14 #include "internal/deprecated.h"
15 
16 #include "internal/cryptlib.h"
17 #include <openssl/asn1t.h>
18 #include <openssl/pem.h>
19 #include <openssl/x509v3.h>
20 #include <openssl/err.h>
21 #include <openssl/cms.h>
22 #include <openssl/aes.h>
23 #include "cms_local.h"
24 #include "crypto/asn1.h"
25 
26 /* Key Agreement Recipient Info (KARI) routines */
27 
CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_get0_alg(CMS_RecipientInfo * ri,X509_ALGOR ** palg,ASN1_OCTET_STRING ** pukm)28 int CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_get0_alg(CMS_RecipientInfo *ri,
29     X509_ALGOR **palg,
30     ASN1_OCTET_STRING **pukm)
31 {
32     if (ri->type != CMS_RECIPINFO_AGREE) {
33         ERR_raise(ERR_LIB_CMS, CMS_R_NOT_KEY_AGREEMENT);
34         return 0;
35     }
36     if (palg)
37         *palg = ri->d.kari->keyEncryptionAlgorithm;
38     if (pukm)
39         *pukm = ri->d.kari->ukm;
40     return 1;
41 }
42 
43 /* Retrieve recipient encrypted keys from a kari */
44 
STACK_OF(CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey)45 STACK_OF(CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey)
46 *CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_get0_reks(CMS_RecipientInfo *ri)
47 {
48     if (ri->type != CMS_RECIPINFO_AGREE) {
49         ERR_raise(ERR_LIB_CMS, CMS_R_NOT_KEY_AGREEMENT);
50         return NULL;
51     }
52     return ri->d.kari->recipientEncryptedKeys;
53 }
54 
CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_get0_orig_id(CMS_RecipientInfo * ri,X509_ALGOR ** pubalg,ASN1_BIT_STRING ** pubkey,ASN1_OCTET_STRING ** keyid,X509_NAME ** issuer,ASN1_INTEGER ** sno)55 int CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_get0_orig_id(CMS_RecipientInfo *ri,
56     X509_ALGOR **pubalg,
57     ASN1_BIT_STRING **pubkey,
58     ASN1_OCTET_STRING **keyid,
59     X509_NAME **issuer,
60     ASN1_INTEGER **sno)
61 {
62     CMS_OriginatorIdentifierOrKey *oik;
63 
64     if (ri->type != CMS_RECIPINFO_AGREE) {
65         ERR_raise(ERR_LIB_CMS, CMS_R_NOT_KEY_AGREEMENT);
66         return 0;
67     }
68     oik = ri->d.kari->originator;
69     if (issuer)
70         *issuer = NULL;
71     if (sno)
72         *sno = NULL;
73     if (keyid)
74         *keyid = NULL;
75     if (pubalg)
76         *pubalg = NULL;
77     if (pubkey)
78         *pubkey = NULL;
79     if (oik->type == CMS_OIK_ISSUER_SERIAL) {
80         if (issuer)
81             *issuer = oik->d.issuerAndSerialNumber->issuer;
82         if (sno)
83             *sno = oik->d.issuerAndSerialNumber->serialNumber;
84     } else if (oik->type == CMS_OIK_KEYIDENTIFIER) {
85         if (keyid)
86             *keyid = oik->d.subjectKeyIdentifier;
87     } else if (oik->type == CMS_OIK_PUBKEY) {
88         if (pubalg)
89             *pubalg = oik->d.originatorKey->algorithm;
90         if (pubkey)
91             *pubkey = oik->d.originatorKey->publicKey;
92     } else
93         return 0;
94     return 1;
95 }
96 
CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_orig_id_cmp(CMS_RecipientInfo * ri,X509 * cert)97 int CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_orig_id_cmp(CMS_RecipientInfo *ri, X509 *cert)
98 {
99     CMS_OriginatorIdentifierOrKey *oik;
100 
101     if (ri->type != CMS_RECIPINFO_AGREE) {
102         ERR_raise(ERR_LIB_CMS, CMS_R_NOT_KEY_AGREEMENT);
103         return -2;
104     }
105     oik = ri->d.kari->originator;
106     if (oik->type == CMS_OIK_ISSUER_SERIAL)
107         return ossl_cms_ias_cert_cmp(oik->d.issuerAndSerialNumber, cert);
108     else if (oik->type == CMS_OIK_KEYIDENTIFIER)
109         return ossl_cms_keyid_cert_cmp(oik->d.subjectKeyIdentifier, cert);
110     return -1;
111 }
112 
CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey_get0_id(CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey * rek,ASN1_OCTET_STRING ** keyid,ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME ** tm,CMS_OtherKeyAttribute ** other,X509_NAME ** issuer,ASN1_INTEGER ** sno)113 int CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey_get0_id(CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey *rek,
114     ASN1_OCTET_STRING **keyid,
115     ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME **tm,
116     CMS_OtherKeyAttribute **other,
117     X509_NAME **issuer, ASN1_INTEGER **sno)
118 {
119     CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientIdentifier *rid = rek->rid;
120 
121     if (rid->type == CMS_REK_ISSUER_SERIAL) {
122         if (issuer)
123             *issuer = rid->d.issuerAndSerialNumber->issuer;
124         if (sno)
125             *sno = rid->d.issuerAndSerialNumber->serialNumber;
126         if (keyid)
127             *keyid = NULL;
128         if (tm)
129             *tm = NULL;
130         if (other)
131             *other = NULL;
132     } else if (rid->type == CMS_REK_KEYIDENTIFIER) {
133         if (keyid)
134             *keyid = rid->d.rKeyId->subjectKeyIdentifier;
135         if (tm)
136             *tm = rid->d.rKeyId->date;
137         if (other)
138             *other = rid->d.rKeyId->other;
139         if (issuer)
140             *issuer = NULL;
141         if (sno)
142             *sno = NULL;
143     } else
144         return 0;
145     return 1;
146 }
147 
CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey_cert_cmp(CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey * rek,X509 * cert)148 int CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey_cert_cmp(CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey *rek,
149     X509 *cert)
150 {
151     CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientIdentifier *rid = rek->rid;
152 
153     if (rid->type == CMS_REK_ISSUER_SERIAL)
154         return ossl_cms_ias_cert_cmp(rid->d.issuerAndSerialNumber, cert);
155     else if (rid->type == CMS_REK_KEYIDENTIFIER)
156         return ossl_cms_keyid_cert_cmp(rid->d.rKeyId->subjectKeyIdentifier,
157             cert);
158     else
159         return -1;
160 }
161 
CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_set0_pkey_and_peer(CMS_RecipientInfo * ri,EVP_PKEY * pk,X509 * peer)162 int CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_set0_pkey_and_peer(CMS_RecipientInfo *ri,
163     EVP_PKEY *pk, X509 *peer)
164 {
165     EVP_PKEY_CTX *pctx;
166     CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo *kari = ri->d.kari;
167 
168     EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(kari->pctx);
169     kari->pctx = NULL;
170     if (pk == NULL)
171         return 1;
172 
173     pctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_from_pkey(ossl_cms_ctx_get0_libctx(kari->cms_ctx),
174         pk,
175         ossl_cms_ctx_get0_propq(kari->cms_ctx));
176     if (pctx == NULL || EVP_PKEY_derive_init(pctx) <= 0)
177         goto err;
178 
179     if (peer != NULL) {
180         EVP_PKEY *pub_pkey = X509_get0_pubkey(peer);
181 
182         if (EVP_PKEY_derive_set_peer(pctx, pub_pkey) <= 0)
183             goto err;
184     }
185 
186     kari->pctx = pctx;
187     return 1;
188 err:
189     EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
190     return 0;
191 }
192 
CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_set0_pkey(CMS_RecipientInfo * ri,EVP_PKEY * pk)193 int CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_set0_pkey(CMS_RecipientInfo *ri, EVP_PKEY *pk)
194 {
195     return CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_set0_pkey_and_peer(ri, pk, NULL);
196 }
197 
CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_get0_ctx(CMS_RecipientInfo * ri)198 EVP_CIPHER_CTX *CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_get0_ctx(CMS_RecipientInfo *ri)
199 {
200     if (ri->type == CMS_RECIPINFO_AGREE)
201         return ri->d.kari->ctx;
202     return NULL;
203 }
204 
205 /*
206  * Derive KEK and decrypt/encrypt with it to produce either the original CEK
207  * or the encrypted CEK.
208  */
209 
cms_kek_cipher(unsigned char ** pout,size_t * poutlen,const unsigned char * in,size_t inlen,CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo * kari,int enc)210 static int cms_kek_cipher(unsigned char **pout, size_t *poutlen,
211     const unsigned char *in, size_t inlen,
212     CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo *kari, int enc)
213 {
214     /* Key encryption key */
215     unsigned char kek[EVP_MAX_KEY_LENGTH];
216     size_t keklen;
217     int rv = 0;
218     unsigned char *out = NULL;
219     size_t out_alloc_len = 0;
220     int outlen;
221     size_t outsize;
222 
223     keklen = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_key_length(kari->ctx);
224     if (keklen > EVP_MAX_KEY_LENGTH)
225         return 0;
226     /* Derive KEK */
227     if (EVP_PKEY_derive(kari->pctx, kek, &keklen) <= 0)
228         goto err;
229     /* Set KEK in context */
230     if (!EVP_CipherInit_ex(kari->ctx, NULL, NULL, kek, NULL, enc))
231         goto err;
232     /* obtain output length of ciphered key */
233     if (!EVP_CipherUpdate(kari->ctx, NULL, &outlen, in, inlen))
234         goto err;
235     /*
236      * On its integrity-failure paths that primitive writes and cleanses up to
237      * inlen bytes of the output buffer. Size the buffer for that worst case so
238      * a failed unwrap cannot write past the allocation.
239      */
240     outsize = (size_t)outlen < inlen ? inlen : (size_t)outlen;
241     out = OPENSSL_malloc(outsize);
242     if (out == NULL)
243         goto err;
244     out_alloc_len = (size_t)outlen;
245     if (!EVP_CipherUpdate(kari->ctx, out, &outlen, in, (int)inlen))
246         goto err;
247     *pout = out;
248     *poutlen = (size_t)outlen;
249     rv = 1;
250 
251 err:
252     OPENSSL_cleanse(kek, keklen);
253     if (!rv)
254         OPENSSL_clear_free(out, out_alloc_len);
255     EVP_CIPHER_CTX_reset(kari->ctx);
256     /* FIXME: WHY IS kari->pctx freed here?  /RL */
257     EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(kari->pctx);
258     kari->pctx = NULL;
259     return rv;
260 }
261 
CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_decrypt(CMS_ContentInfo * cms,CMS_RecipientInfo * ri,CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey * rek)262 int CMS_RecipientInfo_kari_decrypt(CMS_ContentInfo *cms,
263     CMS_RecipientInfo *ri,
264     CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey *rek)
265 {
266     int rv = 0;
267     unsigned char *enckey = NULL, *cek = NULL;
268     size_t enckeylen;
269     size_t ceklen;
270     CMS_EncryptedContentInfo *ec;
271 
272     enckeylen = rek->encryptedKey->length;
273     enckey = rek->encryptedKey->data;
274     /* Setup all parameters to derive KEK */
275     if (!ossl_cms_env_asn1_ctrl(ri, 1))
276         goto err;
277     /* Attempt to decrypt CEK */
278     if (!cms_kek_cipher(&cek, &ceklen, enckey, enckeylen, ri->d.kari, 0))
279         goto err;
280     ec = ossl_cms_get0_env_enc_content(cms);
281     OPENSSL_clear_free(ec->key, ec->keylen);
282     ec->key = cek;
283     ec->keylen = ceklen;
284     cek = NULL;
285     rv = 1;
286 err:
287     OPENSSL_free(cek);
288     return rv;
289 }
290 
291 /* Create ephemeral key and initialise context based on it */
cms_kari_create_ephemeral_key(CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo * kari,EVP_PKEY * pk)292 static int cms_kari_create_ephemeral_key(CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo *kari,
293     EVP_PKEY *pk)
294 {
295     EVP_PKEY_CTX *pctx = NULL;
296     EVP_PKEY *ekey = NULL;
297     int rv = 0;
298     const CMS_CTX *ctx = kari->cms_ctx;
299     OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx = ossl_cms_ctx_get0_libctx(ctx);
300     const char *propq = ossl_cms_ctx_get0_propq(ctx);
301 
302     pctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_from_pkey(libctx, pk, propq);
303     if (pctx == NULL)
304         goto err;
305     if (EVP_PKEY_keygen_init(pctx) <= 0)
306         goto err;
307     if (EVP_PKEY_keygen(pctx, &ekey) <= 0)
308         goto err;
309     EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
310     pctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_from_pkey(libctx, ekey, propq);
311     if (pctx == NULL)
312         goto err;
313     if (EVP_PKEY_derive_init(pctx) <= 0)
314         goto err;
315     kari->pctx = pctx;
316     rv = 1;
317 err:
318     if (!rv)
319         EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
320     EVP_PKEY_free(ekey);
321     return rv;
322 }
323 
324 /* Set originator private key and initialise context based on it */
cms_kari_set_originator_private_key(CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo * kari,EVP_PKEY * originatorPrivKey)325 static int cms_kari_set_originator_private_key(CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo *kari,
326     EVP_PKEY *originatorPrivKey)
327 {
328     EVP_PKEY_CTX *pctx = NULL;
329     int rv = 0;
330     const CMS_CTX *ctx = kari->cms_ctx;
331 
332     pctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_from_pkey(ossl_cms_ctx_get0_libctx(ctx),
333         originatorPrivKey,
334         ossl_cms_ctx_get0_propq(ctx));
335     if (pctx == NULL)
336         goto err;
337     if (EVP_PKEY_derive_init(pctx) <= 0)
338         goto err;
339 
340     kari->pctx = pctx;
341     rv = 1;
342 err:
343     if (rv == 0)
344         EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(pctx);
345     return rv;
346 }
347 
348 /* Initialise a kari based on passed certificate and key */
349 
ossl_cms_RecipientInfo_kari_init(CMS_RecipientInfo * ri,X509 * recip,EVP_PKEY * recipPubKey,X509 * originator,EVP_PKEY * originatorPrivKey,unsigned int flags,const CMS_CTX * ctx)350 int ossl_cms_RecipientInfo_kari_init(CMS_RecipientInfo *ri, X509 *recip,
351     EVP_PKEY *recipPubKey, X509 *originator,
352     EVP_PKEY *originatorPrivKey,
353     unsigned int flags, const CMS_CTX *ctx)
354 {
355     CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo *kari;
356     CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey *rek = NULL;
357 
358     ri->d.kari = M_ASN1_new_of(CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo);
359     if (ri->d.kari == NULL)
360         return 0;
361     ri->type = CMS_RECIPINFO_AGREE;
362 
363     kari = ri->d.kari;
364     kari->version = 3;
365     kari->cms_ctx = ctx;
366 
367     rek = M_ASN1_new_of(CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey);
368     if (rek == NULL)
369         return 0;
370 
371     if (!sk_CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey_push(kari->recipientEncryptedKeys, rek)) {
372         M_ASN1_free_of(rek, CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey);
373         return 0;
374     }
375 
376     if (flags & CMS_USE_KEYID) {
377         rek->rid->type = CMS_REK_KEYIDENTIFIER;
378         rek->rid->d.rKeyId = M_ASN1_new_of(CMS_RecipientKeyIdentifier);
379         if (rek->rid->d.rKeyId == NULL)
380             return 0;
381         if (!ossl_cms_set1_keyid(&rek->rid->d.rKeyId->subjectKeyIdentifier, recip))
382             return 0;
383     } else {
384         rek->rid->type = CMS_REK_ISSUER_SERIAL;
385         if (!ossl_cms_set1_ias(&rek->rid->d.issuerAndSerialNumber, recip))
386             return 0;
387     }
388 
389     if (originatorPrivKey == NULL && originator == NULL) {
390         /* Create ephemeral key */
391         if (!cms_kari_create_ephemeral_key(kari, recipPubKey))
392             return 0;
393     } else {
394         /* Use originator key */
395         CMS_OriginatorIdentifierOrKey *oik = ri->d.kari->originator;
396 
397         if (originatorPrivKey == NULL || originator == NULL)
398             return 0;
399 
400         if (flags & CMS_USE_ORIGINATOR_KEYID) {
401             oik->type = CMS_OIK_KEYIDENTIFIER;
402             oik->d.subjectKeyIdentifier = ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new();
403             if (oik->d.subjectKeyIdentifier == NULL)
404                 return 0;
405             if (!ossl_cms_set1_keyid(&oik->d.subjectKeyIdentifier, originator))
406                 return 0;
407         } else {
408             oik->type = CMS_REK_ISSUER_SERIAL;
409             if (!ossl_cms_set1_ias(&oik->d.issuerAndSerialNumber, originator))
410                 return 0;
411         }
412 
413         if (!cms_kari_set_originator_private_key(kari, originatorPrivKey))
414             return 0;
415     }
416 
417     if (!EVP_PKEY_up_ref(recipPubKey))
418         return 0;
419 
420     rek->pkey = recipPubKey;
421     return 1;
422 }
423 
cms_wrap_init(CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo * kari,const EVP_CIPHER * cipher)424 static int cms_wrap_init(CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo *kari,
425     const EVP_CIPHER *cipher)
426 {
427     const CMS_CTX *cms_ctx = kari->cms_ctx;
428     EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx = kari->ctx;
429     const EVP_CIPHER *kekcipher;
430     EVP_CIPHER *fetched_kekcipher;
431     const char *kekcipher_name;
432     int keylen;
433     int ret;
434 
435     /* If a suitable wrap algorithm is already set nothing to do */
436     kekcipher = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get0_cipher(ctx);
437     if (kekcipher != NULL) {
438         if (EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_mode(ctx) != EVP_CIPH_WRAP_MODE)
439             return 0;
440         return 1;
441     }
442     if (cipher == NULL)
443         return 0;
444     keylen = EVP_CIPHER_get_key_length(cipher);
445     if ((EVP_CIPHER_get_flags(cipher) & EVP_CIPH_FLAG_GET_WRAP_CIPHER) != 0) {
446         ret = EVP_CIPHER_meth_get_ctrl(cipher)(NULL, EVP_CTRL_GET_WRAP_CIPHER,
447             0, &kekcipher);
448         if (ret <= 0)
449             return 0;
450 
451         if (kekcipher != NULL) {
452             if (EVP_CIPHER_get_mode(kekcipher) != EVP_CIPH_WRAP_MODE)
453                 return 0;
454             kekcipher_name = EVP_CIPHER_get0_name(kekcipher);
455             goto enc;
456         }
457     }
458 
459     /*
460      * Pick a cipher based on content encryption cipher. If it is DES3 use
461      * DES3 wrap otherwise use AES wrap similar to key size.
462      */
463 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DES
464     if (EVP_CIPHER_get_type(cipher) == NID_des_ede3_cbc)
465         kekcipher_name = SN_id_smime_alg_CMS3DESwrap;
466     else
467 #endif
468         if (keylen <= 16)
469         kekcipher_name = SN_id_aes128_wrap;
470     else if (keylen <= 24)
471         kekcipher_name = SN_id_aes192_wrap;
472     else
473         kekcipher_name = SN_id_aes256_wrap;
474 enc:
475     fetched_kekcipher = EVP_CIPHER_fetch(ossl_cms_ctx_get0_libctx(cms_ctx),
476         kekcipher_name,
477         ossl_cms_ctx_get0_propq(cms_ctx));
478     if (fetched_kekcipher == NULL)
479         return 0;
480     ret = EVP_EncryptInit_ex(ctx, fetched_kekcipher, NULL, NULL, NULL);
481     EVP_CIPHER_free(fetched_kekcipher);
482     return ret;
483 }
484 
485 /* Encrypt content key in key agreement recipient info */
486 
ossl_cms_RecipientInfo_kari_encrypt(const CMS_ContentInfo * cms,CMS_RecipientInfo * ri)487 int ossl_cms_RecipientInfo_kari_encrypt(const CMS_ContentInfo *cms,
488     CMS_RecipientInfo *ri)
489 {
490     CMS_KeyAgreeRecipientInfo *kari;
491     CMS_EncryptedContentInfo *ec;
492     CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey *rek;
493     STACK_OF(CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey) *reks;
494     int i;
495 
496     if (ri->type != CMS_RECIPINFO_AGREE) {
497         ERR_raise(ERR_LIB_CMS, CMS_R_NOT_KEY_AGREEMENT);
498         return 0;
499     }
500     kari = ri->d.kari;
501     reks = kari->recipientEncryptedKeys;
502     ec = ossl_cms_get0_env_enc_content(cms);
503     /* Initialise wrap algorithm parameters */
504     if (!cms_wrap_init(kari, ec->cipher))
505         return 0;
506     /*
507      * If no originator key set up initialise for ephemeral key the public key
508      * ASN1 structure will set the actual public key value.
509      */
510     if (kari->originator->type == -1) {
511         CMS_OriginatorIdentifierOrKey *oik = kari->originator;
512         oik->type = CMS_OIK_PUBKEY;
513         oik->d.originatorKey = M_ASN1_new_of(CMS_OriginatorPublicKey);
514         if (!oik->d.originatorKey)
515             return 0;
516     } else {
517         /*
518          * Currently it is not possible to get public key as it is not stored
519          * during kari initialization.
520          */
521         ERR_raise(ERR_LIB_CMS, CMS_R_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_STATIC_KEY_AGREEMENT);
522         return 0;
523     }
524     /* Initialise KDF algorithm */
525     if (!ossl_cms_env_asn1_ctrl(ri, 0))
526         return 0;
527     /* For each rek, derive KEK, encrypt CEK */
528     for (i = 0; i < sk_CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey_num(reks); i++) {
529         unsigned char *enckey;
530         size_t enckeylen;
531         rek = sk_CMS_RecipientEncryptedKey_value(reks, i);
532         if (EVP_PKEY_derive_set_peer(kari->pctx, rek->pkey) <= 0)
533             return 0;
534         if (!cms_kek_cipher(&enckey, &enckeylen, ec->key, ec->keylen,
535                 kari, 1))
536             return 0;
537         ASN1_STRING_set0(rek->encryptedKey, enckey, enckeylen);
538     }
539 
540     return 1;
541 }
542