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3 … to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed by Carnegie Mellon Unive…
8 pppd \- point to point protocol daemon
15 The point-to-point protocol (PPP) provides a method for transmitting datagrams
16 over serial point-to-point links. PPP is composed of three components: a
24 and configuring the Internet Protocol (referred to as the IP Control Protocol
33 name before the \fBoptions\fR.\fIttyname\fR file is read.) To form the name of
65 Set the baud rate to <\fBspeed\fR> (a decimal number). The default is to leave
75 Set the \fBasync\fR character map to \fI<map>\fR\&. The map describes which
77 \fBpppd\fR asks the peer to send these characters as a 2-byte escape sequence.
78 The argument is a 32 bit hex number, with each bit representing a character to
82 given, \fBpppd\fR attempts to negotiate a value of 0. If the peer agrees, this
84 \fBdefault-asyncmap\fR option to disable negotiation and escape all control
94 Require the peer to authenticate itself before allowing network packets to be
97 allows the peer to use only those IP addresses to which the system does not
119 Request a callback to the given telephone number using Microsoft CBCP.
128 Use the executable or shell command specified by \fIscript\fR to set up the
129 serial line. This script would typically use the \fBchat\fR(8) program to dial
141 Use hardware flow control, that is, RTS/CTS, to control the flow of data on the
145 use this mode to implement unidirectional flow control. The serial port
147 request the modem to stop sending to the computer. This mode allows the use of
157 Add a default route to the system routing tables when IPCP negotiation
170 terminates the link. Typically, this script is used to command the modem to
184 whether the peer requests them to be escaped with its \fBasync\fR control
185 character map. The characters to be escaped are specified as a list of hex
188 control characters to be specified. Characters that cannot be escaped are those
210 Run the executable or shell command specified by \fIscript\fR to initialize the
211 serial line. This script would typically use the \fBchat\fR(8) program to
212 configure the modem to enable auto-answer. A value for this option from a
222 Directs \fBpppd\fR to create a UUCP-style lock file for the serial device to
223 ensure exclusive access to the device.
232 Set the Maximum Receive Unit (MRU) value to \fIn\fR. \fBpppd\fR asks the peer
245 Set the Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU) value to \fIn\fR. Unless the peer requests
247 code to send data packets of no more than \fIn\fR bytes through the PPP network
289 Set allowable FCS type(s) for data sent to the peer. The \fIfcs-type\fR is a
292 type not listed, a LCP Configure-Nak is sent to request only the listed types.
302 Allow peers to use the given IP address or subnet without authenticating
316 scheme, with a maximum code size of \fInr\fR bits, and agree to compress
317 packets sent to the peer with a maximum code size of \fInt\fR bits. If \fInt\fR
318 is not specified, it defaults to the value given for \fInr\fR. Values in the
319 range 9 to 15 may be used for \fInr\fR and \fInt\fR; larger values provide
322 the corresponding direction. Use \fBnobsdcomp\fR or \fBbsdcomp 0\fR to disable
335 Use a non-standard hardware flow control such as DTR/CTS to control the flow of
339 output. Such serial ports use this mode to implement true bi-directional flow
362 Set the maximum number of CHAP challenge transmissions to \fIn\fR (default 10).
372 Set the CHAP restart interval (retransmission timeout for challenges) to
383 Wait for up to \fIn\fR milliseconds after the connect script finishes for a
397 Set maximum data rate to \fIn\fR (in bytes per second) when using the
411 \fBdebug\fR. This information can be directed to a file by configuring
422 Disable \fBasyncmap\fR negotiation, forcing all control characters to be
434 option is sent to the peer, but the option is accepted. If this option is
458 scheme, with a maximum window size of \fI2**nr\fR bytes, and agree to compress
459 packets sent to the peer with a maximum window size of \fI2**nt\fR bytes and
460 effort level of \fIe\fR (1 to 9). If \fInt\fR is not specified, it defaults to
461 the value given for \fInr\fR. If \fIe\fR is not specified, it defaults to 6.
462 Values in the range 9 to 15 may be used for \fInr\fR and \fInt\fR; larger
464 compression dictionaries. (Value 8 is not permitted due to a zlib bug.)
466 the corresponding direction. Use \fBnodeflate\fR or \fBdeflate 0\fR to disable
468 compression in preference to BSD-Compress if the peer can do either.) If this
483 interface for IP traffic without connecting to the peer. When traffic is
484 available, \fBpppd\fR connects to the peer and performs negotiation,
499 Append the domain name \fId\fR to the local host name for authentication
504 the default name when authenticating to the peer. This option is privileged.
538 Alternatives option is omitted from the next LCP Configure-Request to drop back
549 When logging the contents of PAP packets, this option causes \fBpppd\fR to
560 Specifies how many seconds to wait before re-initiating the link after it
574 similar to that displayed by the \fB--version\fR option.
619 Set the maximum number of IPCP Configure-Request transmissions to \fIn\fR
631 Configure-Rejects instead to \fIn\fR (default 10).
641 Set the maximum number of IPCP terminate-request transmissions to \fIn\fR
652 Set the IPCP restart interval (retransmission timeout) to \fIn\fR seconds
663 Provides an extra parameter to the ip-up and ip-down scripts. When this option
664 is given, the \fIstring\fR supplied is given as the sixth parameter to those
702 Set the maximum number of IPv6CP Configure-Request transmissions to \fIn\fR
714 Configure-Rejects instead to \fIn\fR (default 10).
724 Set the maximum number of IPv6CP terminate-request transmissions to \fIn\fR
735 Set the IPv6CP restart interval (retransmission timeout) to \fIn\fR seconds
771 sum of the following values: \fB1\fR to enable general debug messages, \fB2\fR
772 to request that contents of received packets be printed, and \fB4\fR to request
774 logged by \fBsyslogd\fR(8) to a file directed in the \fB/etc/syslog.conf\fR
775 configuration file. Do not use the \fBkdebug\fR option to debug failed links.
786 If this option is given, \fBpppd\fR presumes the peer to be dead if \fIn\fR LCP
801 If this option is given, \fBpppd\fR sends an LCP Echo-Request frame to the peer
802 every \fIn\fR seconds. Normally the peer responds to the Echo-Request by
804 option to detect that the peer is no longer connected.
814 Set the maximum number of LCP Configure-Request transmissions to \fIn\fR
825 Set the maximum number of LCP Configure-NAKs sent before starting to send
826 Configure-Rejects instead to \fIn\fR (default 10).
836 Set the maximum number of LCP Terminate-Request transmissions to \fIn\fR
847 Set the LCP restart interval (retransmission timeout) to \fIn\fR seconds
858 Sets the logical name of the link to \fIname\fR. \fBpppd\fR creates a file
861 for the link to a given peer system. This is a privileged option.
883 Send log messages to file descriptor \fIn\fR. \fBpppd\fR sends log messages to
884 (at most) one file or file descriptor (as well as sending the log messages to
886 default \fBpppd\fR sends log messages to \fBstdout\fR (file descriptor 1)
897 Append log messages to the file \fIfilename\fR (and send the log messages to
947 \fBpppd\fR waits for the CD (Carrier Detect) signal from the modem to be
961 allows \fBpppd\fR to supply one or two DNS (Domain Name Server) addresses to
964 the first instance specifies a name that resolves to multiple IP addresses,
976 If \fBpppd\fR connects as a client to a Microsoft server and uses MS-CHAPv1 for
989 option allows \fBpppd\fR to supply one or two WINS (Windows Internet Name
990 Services) server addresses to the clients. The first instance of this option
993 resolves to multiple IP addresses, then the first two will be taken as primary
1004 Set the name of the local system for authentication purposes to \fIname\fR.
1006 secrets files that have \fIname\fR as the second field to look for a secret to
1008 \fBuser\fR option, \fIname\fR is used as the name to send to the peer when
1010 domain name to \fIname\fR.)
1044 Do not require the peer to authenticate itself. This option is privileged.
1054 Disables BSD-Compress compression; \fBpppd\fR will not request or agree to
1069 compression do not need to be separately disabled.
1115 Disables deflate compression; \fBpppd\fR will not request or agree to compress
1139 forks to become a background process if a serial device other than the terminal
1163 Code-Reject in response to received LCP Identification messages.)
1208 Do not send log messages to a file or file descriptor. This option cancels the
1222 option to work around the "Serial line is looped back" error message.
1233 this option is specified, \fBpppd\fR reverts to standard authentication
1234 mechanisms. The default is not to use PAM.
1266 Cause \fBpppd\fR to use I_LINK instead of I_PLINK. This is the default. When
1268 is used) but does not allow \fBifconfig\fR(8) to unplumb PPP streams or insert
1280 Do not accept or agree to Predictor-1 compression. (This option is accepted for
1291 Disable the \fBproxyarp\fR option. If you want to prevent users from creating
1305 terminal device. \fBpppd\fR creates a child process to act as a character shunt
1336 the peer to do so. This option is unnecessary if \fBnovj\fR is specified.
1349 is not to use PAM.
1360 encryption, is identical to the secret from the \fB/etc/ppp/pap-secrets\fR
1372 Set the maximum number of PAP authenticate-request transmissions to \fIn\fR
1383 Set the PAP restart interval (retransmission timeout) to \fIn\fR seconds
1394 Set the maximum time that \fBpppd\fR waits for the peer to authenticate itself
1395 with PAP to \fIn\fR seconds (0= no limit). The default is 30 seconds.
1405 Password string for authentication to the peer.
1415 Do not exit after a connection is terminated; instead try to reopen the
1426 Cause \fBpppd\fR to use I_PLINK instead of I_LINK. The default is to use
1428 does not allow \fBifconfig\fR(8) to unplumb PPP streams or insert or remove
1444 object to load in that order.
1470 timeout to \fItimer\fR microseconds.
1480 Allows members of group \fIgroup-name\fR to use privileged options. This is a
1482 \fIgroup-name\fR cannot use \fBpppd\fR to become root themselves, you should be
1483 careful using this option. Consider it equivalent to putting the members of
1494 Add an entry to the system's Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table with the
1496 this option, the peer appears to other systems to be on the local Ethernet. The
1497 remote address on the PPP link must be in the same subnet as assigned to an
1538 Directs \fBpppd\fR to record all characters sent and received to a file named
1541 process to transfer characters between the pseudo-terminal and the real serial
1557 Set the assumed name of the remote system for authentication purposes to
1559 Challenge messages, and this option is often used to work around this problem.
1569 With this option, \fBpppd\fR will not agree to authenticate itself to the peer
1581 Do not agree to authenticate to peer with MS-CHAPv1. If this option is
1593 Do not agree to authenticate to peer with MS-CHAPv2. If specified, this option
1605 With this option, \fBpppd\fR will not agree to authenticate itself to the peer
1616 Require the peer to authenticate itself using standard CHAP authentication.
1627 Require the peer to authenticate itself using MS-CHAPv1 authentication.
1637 Require the peer to authenticate itself using MS-CHAPv2 authentication.
1647 Require the peer to authenticate itself using PAP authentication.
1657 When logging contents of PAP packets, this option causes \fBpppd\fR to show the
1668 With this option, \fBpppd\fR will not transmit LCP packets to initiate a
1694 Connect to given host and port using TCP and run PPP over this connection.
1716 Set PPP interface unit number to \fIn\fR, if possible.
1727 establishing the PPP connection. When this is specified, messages sent to
1729 messages from the debug option are directed to \fBpppd\fR's standard output.
1752 Ask the peer for up to two DNS server addresses. Addresses supplied by the
1753 peer, if any, are passed to the \fB/etc/ppp/ip-up\fR script in the environment
1766 Sets the name used for authenticating the local system to the peer to
1777 Sets the number of connection slots to be used by the Van Jacobson TCP/IP
1778 header compression and decompression code to \fIn\fR, which must be between 2
1802 Use software flow control, that is, XON/XOFF, to control the flow of data on
1815 two lines for name and password. Name and password are sent to the peer when
1849 \fBpppd\fR allows system administrators to provide legitimate users with PPP
1850 access to a server machine without fear of compromising the security of the
1859 By default, \fBpppd\fR allows an unauthenticated peer to use a given IP address
1860 only if the system does not already have a route to that IP address. For
1861 example, a system with a permanent connection to the wider Internet will
1864 Conversely, a system with a PPP link that comprises the only connection to the
1877 to allow ordinary non-root users to access \fBpppd\fR.
1886 administrator can allow users to establish a PPP connection via a device that
1887 they would not normally have access to. Otherwise \fBpppd\fR uses the invoking
1891 by sending its name and some secret information to the other. During
1893 "server." Authentication names can (but are not required to) correspond to the
1900 cleartext password to the server to authenticate itself. With CHAP, the server
1901 initiates the authentication exchange by sending a challenge to the client who
1906 The PPP protocol is symmetrical, meaning that each peer may be required to
1907 authenticate itself to the other. Different authentication protocols and names
1918 format. \fBpppd\fR uses secrets files to authenticate itself to other systems
1919 and to authenticate other systems to itself.
1922 Secrets files contain one secret per line. Secrets are specific to a particular
1923 combination of client and server and can only be used by that client to
1924 authenticate itself to that server. Each line in a secrets file has a minimum
1927 clients to connect to a server.
1942 with a hyphen ("-"). To allow any address, use "*". An address starting with an
1944 An address may be followed by "/" and a number \fIn\fR to indicate a whole
1946 bits). In this form, the address may be followed by a plus sign ("+") to
1949 address is set to the unit number, plus one.
1954 second field. The local system name defaults to the hostname, with the domain
1959 When authenticating to the peer, \fBpppd\fR first determines the name it will
1960 use to identify itself to the peer. This name is specified with the \fBuser\fR
1961 option. If the \fBuser\fR option is not used, the name defaults to the host
1982 checked against the system password database. This allows you to set up the
1983 \fBpap-secrets\fR file to enable PPP access only to certain users, and to
1984 restrict the set of IP addresses available to users. Typically, when using the
1992 started. If the peer is required to authenticate itself and fails, \fBpppd\fR
1998 To allow hosts that cannot authenticate themselves to connect and use one of a
1999 restricted set of IP addresses, add a line to the \fBpap-secrets\fR file
2014 and remote IP addresses for the PPP interface and creates a host route to the
2015 remote end of the link that enables peers to exchange IP packets. Communication
2016 with other machines generally requires further modification to routing tables
2025 that use the PPP link for access to the general Internet.
2028 In some cases it is desirable to use proxy ARP, for example on a server machine
2029 connected to a LAN, to allow other hosts to communicate with the remote host.
2030 \fBproxyarp\fR instructs \fBpppd\fR to look for a network interface on the same
2032 that is not a point-to-point or loopback interface and that is currently up. If
2039 addresses it used to configure the interface, it changes the interface IP
2040 addresses to the negotiated addresses. This may disrupt existing connections.
2044 \fBpppd\fR invokes scripts at various stages during processing that are used to
2046 or executable programs. \fBpppd\fR does not wait for the scripts to finish. The
2047 scripts are executed as \fBroot\fR (with the real and effective user-id set to
2048 0), enabling them to update routing tables, run privileged daemons, or perform
2051 error redirected to \fB/dev/null\fR, and with an environment that is empty
2226 Similar to \fB/etc/ppp/ip-up\fR, except that it is executed when the link is
2238 Similar to \fB/etc/ppp/ip-down\fR, but executed when IPv6 packets can no longer
2252 \fBpppd\fR is commonly used to dial out to an ISP. You can do this using the
2254 to contain a line similar to the following:
2265 For this example, \fBchat\fR(8) is used to dial the ISP's modem and process
2297 already have login accounts, the simplest way to set up the ppp service is to
2298 let the users log in to their accounts and run \fBpppd\fR as shown in the
2310 \fBExample 3 \fRProviding a User with Access to PPP Facilities
2313 To provide a user with access to the PPP facilities, allocate an IP address for
2315 \fB/etc/ppp/chap-secrets\fR. This enables the user's machine to authenticate
2316 itself. For example, to enable user "Joe" using machine "joespc" to dial in to
2318 entry to the \fB/etc/ppp/pap-secrets\fR or \fB/etc/ppp/chap-secrets\fR files:
2332 run \fBpppd\fR this way, add the options to the \fB/etc/ppp/.ppprc\fR file.
2336 If your serial connection is complex, it may be useful to escape such control
2339 \fBrlogin\fR command, add \fBescape ff\fR option to the options, because
2438 The command specified as the argument to the \fBpty\fR option could not be run.
2447 The PPP negotiation failed because no network protocols were able to run.
2456 The peer system failed or refused to authenticate itself.
2493 The link was terminated because the peer is not responding to echo requests.
2529 Authentication to the peer failed.
2602 slashes (if any) are converted to dots.
2613 administrator can create options files in this directory to permit
2614 non-privileged users to dial out without requiring the peer to authenticate,
2615 but only to certain trusted peers.
2660 Simpson, W. \fIRFC 1661, The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)\fR. Network Working
2685 attempts to reopen the serial device and start another connection after the
2687 period, \fBSIGHUP\fR causes \fBpppd\fR to end the holdoff period immediately.
2706 Causes \fBpppd\fR to renegotiate compression. This is useful to re-enable
2713 Messages are sent to the syslog daemon using facility \fBLOG_DAEMON\fR. To see
2714 error and debug messages, edit the \fB/etc/syslog.conf\fR file to direct the
2715 messages to the desired output device or file, or use the \fBupdetach\fR or
2720 control packets sent or received to be logged. This is useful if PPP
2725 which acts as a toggle to the \fBpppd\fR process.