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8 curses \- introduction and overview of X/Open Curses
17 X/Open Curses is a terminal-independent package, providing a common user
21 low-level details about individual terminals.
118 An integral type that holds an OR-ed set of attributes. The attributes
138 non-spacing wide characters, and zero or more attributes of any type. See
149 An integral type whose values are formed by OR-ing an \fB"unsigned char"\fR
212 Window objects are two-dimensional arrays of characters and their renditions.
214 the terminal screen. You can use the \fBnewwin\fR(3XCURSES) function to create
225 There are three sub-types of windows:
264 A terminal is the input and output device which character-based applications
304 \fBA_ATTRIBUTES\fR Bit-mask to extract attributes
307 \fBA_CHARTEXT\fR Bit-mask to extract a character
309 Bit-mask to extract color-pair information
311 \fBA_DIM\fR Half-bright
334 \fBWA_DIM\fR Half-bright
379 The \fBCOLOR_PAIR\fR(3XCURSES) function modifies a \fBchtype\fR object. The
380 \fBPAIR_NUMBER\fR(3XCURSES) function extracts the color pair from a
391 \fBFunction\fR \fBDescription\fR
397 .SS "Non-Spacing Characters"
398 When the \fBwcwidth\fR(3C) function returns a width of zero for a character,
399 that character is called a non-spacing character. Non-spacing characters can be
400 written to a window. Each non-spacing character is associated with a spacing
402 character. You cannot address a non-spacing character directly. Whenever you
404 implicitly addressing the non-spacing character.
407 Non-spacing characters do not have a rendition. For functions that use wide
409 non-spacing characters. Multi-column characters have one rendition that applies
413 may contain a spacing character, its associated non-spacing characters, and its
415 non-spacing characters for each spacing character.
418 When a \fBcchar_t\fR object representing a non-spacing complex character is
421 \fBsetcchar\fR(3XCURSES) function initializes an object of type \fBcchar_t\fR.
422 The \fBgetcchar\fR(3XCURSES) function extracts the contents of a \fBcchar_t\fR
441 A multi-column character cannot be displayed in the last column, because the
443 displayed in the last column and the multi-column character appears at the
458 Overwrites operate on screen columns. If displaying a single-column or
459 multi-column character results in overwriting only a portion of a multi-column
461 non-overwritten portions.
472 multi-column character. As mentioned earlier, the non-overwritten portions
541 single-column character (uppercase, if it is a letter) and writes that
548 X/Open Curses displays non-printable bytes, that have their high bit set, using
549 the \fBM-\fR\fIX\fR meta notation where \fIX\fR is the non-printable byte with
590 enabled. To ensure that they are, call the \fBnoraw()\fR function first, then
591 call the \fBcbreak()\fR function.
602 the \fBgetch()\fR function either returns a byte or \fBERR\fR respectively.
604 \fBwtimeout()\fR function.
627 windows (see \fBtimeout\fR(3XCURSES)). The \fBnodelay\fR(3XCURSES) function is
629 (non-blocking) or infinite delay (blocking).
632 To handle function keys, \fBkeypad\fR(3XCURSES) must be enabled. When it is
633 enabled, the \fBgetch()\fR function returns a \fBKEY_\fR constant for a
635 disabled, the \fBgetch()\fR function returns the individual bytes composing
636 the function key (see \fBgetch\fR(3XCURSES) and \fBwget_wch\fR(3XCURSES)). By
640 When processing function keys, once the first byte is recognized, a timer is
641 set for each subsequent byte in the sequence. If any byte in the function key
646 of the function key interbyte timer is handled by the
647 \fBnotimeout\fR(3XCURSES) function. By default, \fBnotimeout()\fR is disabled
659 \fBExample 1 \fRCopying Single-Column Characters Over Single-Column Characters
668 \fB{\fR, \fB[\fR, and \fB(\fR represent the left halves of multi-column
670 halves of the same multi-column characters.
676 Alphanumeric characters and periods (\fB\&.\fR) represent single-column
690 s t \(-> t
701 \fBExample 2 \fRCopying Multi-column Characters Over Single-Column Characters
707 s t \(-> t
718 \fBExample 3 \fRCopying Single-Column Characters From Source Overlaps
719 Multi-column Characters In Target
725 s t \(-> t
733 Overwriting multi-column characters in \fBt\fR has resulted in the \fB#\fR
735 target's multi-column characters.
738 \fBExample 4 \fRCopy Incomplete Multi-column Characters From Source To Target.
744 s t \(-> t
752 The \fB]\fR and \fB(\fR halves of the multi-column characters have been copied
758 Consider a pop-up dialog box that contains single-column characters and a base
759 window that contains multi-column characters and you do the following:
777 single-column characters only, it would correctly restore the image that
782 However, with multi-column characters, the \fBoverwrite()\fR function might
783 save a region with incomplete multi-column characters. The
789 \fBExample 5 \fRCopying An Incomplete Multi-column Character To Region Next To
793 Two cases of copying an incomplete multi-column character to a region next to
801 s t \(-> t
811 multi-column character to its complete form.
818 s t \(-> t
841 MT-Level Unsafe