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29 .Nd pattern-directed scanning and processing language
35 .Op Fl F Ar fs | Fl -csv
54 pattern portion of every pattern-action statement;
57 .Sq -
67 .Bl -tag -width "-safe "
81 .It Fl -csv
84 to process records using (more or less) standard comma-separated values
136 This is convenient when working with multi-line records.
151 .St -p1003.1-2008
188 A pattern-action statement has the form:
196 Pattern-action statements are separated by newlines or semicolons.
224 .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
241 .Op Ar expression-list
245 .Op Ar ... , expression-list
273 .Ar expression-list
284 .Ic + \- * / % ^
289 .Ic \&! ++ \-\- += \-= *= /= %= ^=
361 .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
362 .It Ar expression matchop regular-expression
364 .It Ar expression Ic in Ar array-name
367 .Ar array-name
403 .Bl -tag -width "FILENAME " -compact
408 non-null members are taken as filenames.
455 The awk language has a variety of built-in functions:
456 arithmetic, string, input/output, general, and bit-operation.
458 Functions may be defined (at the position of a pattern-action statement)
469 .Bl -tag -width "atan2(y, x)"
517 .Bl -tag -width "split(s, a, fs)"
552 or \-1 if no match is found.
604 .Fa n Ns -character
620 with all upper-case characters translated to their
621 corresponding lower-case equivalents.
625 with all lower-case characters translated to their
626 corresponding upper-case equivalents.
629 .Bl -tag -width "getline [var] < file"
654 returns 1 for a successful input, 0 for end of file, and \-1 for an error.
656 Flushes any buffered output for the file or pipe
675 returns 1 for a successful input, 0 for end of file, and \-1 for an error.
688 returns 1 for a successful input, 0 for end of file, and \-1 for an error.
743 This will be -1 upon error,
748 upon death-by-signal, where
755 .Ss Bit-Operation Functions
756 .Bl -tag -width "lshift(a, b)"
766 Performs a bitwise Exclusive-OR on all arguments provided, as integers.
774 .Ex -std awk
799 .Bd -literal -offset indent
805 .Bd -literal -offset indent
815 .Bd -literal -offset indent
823 .Bd -literal -offset indent
837 .%I Addison-Wesley
839 .%O ISBN 0-201-07981-X
845 .St -p1003.1-2008
875 Input is expected to be UTF-8 encoded.
877 However, in eight-bit locales,
880 .Sh UNUSUAL FLOATING-POINT VALUES
882 was designed before IEEE 754 arithmetic defined Not-A-Number (NaN)
883 and Infinity values, which are supported by all modern floating-point
892 to convert string values to double-precision floating-point values,
900 .Bd -literal -offset indent
911 .Bl -tag -width "Hexadecimal values"
919 .Dq -nan
927 .Dq -inf
928 (case independent) convert to positive and negative infinity, respectively.
966 .Dq "[A-Z]"