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12 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
34 .EH 'USD:11-%''Edit: A Tutorial'
35 .OH 'Edit: A Tutorial''USD:11-%'
41 \f3\s+2Edit: A Tutorial\s0\f1
43 .ce 3
50 .ce 3
64 Its aim is to lead the beginning \s-2UNIX\(dg\s+2 user through the
76 and the \s-2UNIX\s+2 documentation in general.
88 Introduction\ \ \ 3
92 Making contact with \s-2UNIX\s+2\ \ \ 4
112 The current line\ \ \ 10
119 Session 3\ \ \ 13
128 Moving around in the buffer (+ and \-)\ \ \ 16
137 Issuing \s-2UNIX\s+2 commands from the editor\ \ \ 20
191 other features of \s-2UNIX\s0 will be very important to your work.
199 (3) and the ways of correcting typing errors.
214 \s-2UNIX\s0 is a special type of program,
220 is the name of the \s-2UNIX\s0 text editor you will be learning to use,
226 Each \s-2UNIX\s0 account is allotted
235 You may create a file during one \s-2UNIX\s0 session,
251 you use the name of that file in a \s-2UNIX\s0 command,
273 Making contact with \s-1UNIX\s0
276 by logging in to \s-2UNIX\s0.
277 We'll quickly review the standard \s-2UNIX\s0 login procedure
280 or over a telephone line where the computer answers your call.
282 Directly-linked terminals
284 Turn on your terminal and press the \s-1RETURN\s0 key.
287 Dial-up terminals
289 If your terminal connects with the computer over a telephone line,
291 and, when you hear a high-pitched tone, place the
302 Type your login name, which identifies you to \s-2UNIX\s0,
303 on the same line as the login message,
304 and press \s-2RETURN\s+2.
310 otherwise \s-2UNIX\s0 assumes your terminal
313 \s-2UNIX\s0 types ``login:'' and you reply
316 login: \fBsusan\fR \fI(and press the \s-2RETURN\s0 key)\fR
320 to distinguish it from the responses from \s-2UNIX\s0.)
322 \s-2UNIX\s0 will next respond with a request for a password
329 Password: \fI(type your password and press \s-2RETURN\s+2)\fR
333 \s-2UNIX\s0 will respond with
342 logged in, \s-2UNIX\s0
344 you with a % at the beginning of a fresh line.
345 The % is the \s-2UNIX\s0 prompt symbol
346 which tells you that \s-2UNIX\s0 is ready to accept a command.
347 .bd I 3
353 You are ready to tell \s-2UNIX\s0 that you
363 press the \s-2RETURN\s0 key and wait for edit's response:
365 % \fBedit text\fP \fI(followed by a \s-2RETURN\s+2)\fR
379 On the next line appears edit's prompt ``:'',
394 treated by \s-2UNIX\s0 as a request
398 \s-2UNIX\s0 reported that the program was ``not found''.
399 A new % indicates that \s-2UNIX\s0 is ready for another command,
404 Your exchange with \s-2UNIX\s0 as you logged in and made contact with edit
436 and press the \s-2RETURN\s0 key.
443 .bd I 3
494 type a period as the only character on the line
495 and press the \s-2RETURN\s0 key.
497 When you type the period and press \s-2RETURN\s0,
510 type any other character on the same line,
516 the period and the \s-2RETURN\s0 key.
523 you will remain in append mode with the last line of text
544 The last line is the period followed by a \s-2RETURN\s0
549 If you have read a general introduction to \s-2UNIX\s0,
558 is the backspace (control-H),
560 in the line you are typing
561 by holding down the \s-1CTRL\s+1 key
565 that the terminal backspaces in the line you are on.
567 and then type what you want to be the rest of the line.
570 in a line
572 you can either backspace to the beginning of the line
573 or you can use the at-sign ``@'' to erase everything on the line:
582 When you type the at-sign (@), you erase
583 the entire line typed so far
584 and are given a fresh line to type on.
585 You may immediately begin to retype the line.
587 line and press \s-2RETURN\s+2.
613 The newly-created file will be given the name specified when
641 \s-2UNIX\s0 text editor, and are ready to quit the session with edit.
642 To do this we type ``quit'' (or ``q'') and press \s-2RETURN\s+2:
646 "text" [New file] 3 lines, 90 characters
650 The % is from \s-2UNIX\s0 to tell you that your session with edit is
651 over and you may command \s-2UNIX\s0 further.
654 exit from \s-2UNIX\s0.
655 In response to the \s-2UNIX\s0 prompt of ``\|%\|''
660 This will end your session with \s-2UNIX\s0, and will ready the
669 This is the end of the first session on \s-2UNIX\s0 text editing.
675 Login with \s-2UNIX\s0 as in the first session:
697 "text" 3 lines, 90 characters
708 print the contents of the buffer, and learn to change the text of a line.
724 \|\fB\s+2\&.\s-2
729 you need to type a line containing only a period (.)
734 Should you press the \s-2RUB\s+2 key (sometimes labelled \s-2DELETE\s+2)
747 The line of text you were typing
753 If while typing the line you hit an incorrect key,
756 or cancel the entire line of input by erasing in the usual way.
762 erasing a character or cancelling a line must be done
763 before you press the \s-2RETURN\s+2 key.
776 \(dgThe numeral ``one'' is the top left-most key,
779 stands for line 1 of the buffer,
780 the ``$'' is a special symbol designating the last line
782 and ``p'' (or \fBprint\fR) is the command to print from line 1
796 while the \s-2CTRL\s0 key is pressed.
798 show the existence of non-printing characters.
799 Suppose you had introduced the non-printing character ``control-A''
801 by accidently pressing the \s-2CTRL\s0 key while
804 because the \s-2CTRL\s+2 key and the ``A'' key
807 control-A results.
813 To represent the control-A, edit shows ``^A''.
816 entered by holding down the \s-2CTRL\s0 key and typing the letter
822 ``this'' is typed as ``thiss'' in the second line,
844 and pressing \s-1RETURN\s0,
850 the characters ``thiss'', it will print the line of text
856 line it just printed,
857 ready to make a change in the line.
860 The current line
862 Edit keeps track of the line in the buffer where it is located
864 In general, the line that has been most recently
873 you will be located at the last line in the file,
879 after the current line \(em
880 the last line in the file.
886 return you will be instructing edit to print the current line:
888 :\|\fB\s+2\&.\s-2
893 If you want to know the number of the current line,
896 and press \s-2RETURN\s+2,
897 and edit will respond with the line number:
899 :\|\fB\s+2.\s-2=
903 If you type the number of any line and press \s-2RETURN\s+2,
904 edit will position you at that line and
921 giving both the number and the text of each printed line.
922 To see the number and the text of the current line type
934 corresponding line numbers.
957 We first indicate the line to be changed, line 2,
981 the changed line, so that you can check that the correct substitution
989 line 2 (and line 2 only) will be searched for the characters
993 specify the number of the line to be changed.
1000 the line where we are currently located (``.'').
1002 the command without a line number would have produced the same result
1004 at the line we wished to change.
1007 let us choose the line:
1011 You can make this line a bit more positive
1012 by taking out the characters ``strange, but\ '' so the line
1017 A command that will first position edit at the desired line
1030 line numbers to identify a line to edit.
1031 Instead, you may identify the line you want to change
1033 that occurs in that line.
1046 your line will read:
1056 within a line just as we would be aware of an ``a'' or
1073 edit will start with line 1 and continue printing lines,
1076 or when the last line in the buffer has been printed.
1081 If no starting line number is given for the z command,
1082 printing will start at the ``current'' line, in this case the
1083 last line printed.
1087 a section of text on a hard-copy terminal.
1131 \s-2UNIX\s0 asks for a name.
1137 This is the end of the second session on \s-2UNIX\s0 text editing.
1140 Session 3
1144 Login to \s-2UNIX\s0 and make contact with edit.
1201 directs edit to move lines 2, 3, and 4
1204 the first line to be moved, the last line to be moved,
1205 the move command ``m'', and the line after which
1209 :\|\fB1,3m6
1212 would instruct edit to move lines 1 through 3 (inclusive)
1213 to a location after line 6 in the buffer.
1214 To move only one line, say, line 4,
1215 to a location in the buffer after line 5,
1225 After executing a command that moves more than one line of the buffer,
1227 and prints the last moved line for your inspection.
1228 If you want to see more than just the last line,
1255 if you type line numbers.
1275 \f3co\f1 (and
1281 the line
1286 If you know the number of the line to be deleted,
1290 This example deletes line 4,
1299 Here ``4'' is the number of the line to be deleted,
1300 and ``delete'' or ``d'' is the command to delete the line.
1302 edit prints the line that has become the current line (``.'').
1304 If you do not happen to know the line number
1305 you can search for the line and then delete it using this
1317 the line containing the indicated text,
1318 starting its search at the current line
1319 and moving line by line
1321 Once you are sure that you have correctly specified the line
1325 specify a line number before the ``d''.
1326 If no line number is given,
1327 edit deletes the current line (``.''),
1328 that is, the line found by our search.
1341 To delete both lines 2 and 3:
1348 :\|\f32,3d\f1
1351 which specifies the range of lines from 2 to 3,
1353 If you delete more than one line
1358 The previous example assumes that you know the line numbers for
1375 will take edit to the line you want deleted.
1378 you last edited \-
1379 that is, from the line you see printed if you type dot (.).
1388 For a beginner it is not a bad idea to double-check
1389 each command before pressing \s-2RETURN\s+2 to send the command on its way.
1418 last ``undo-able'' command you typed.
1419 You can use control-H and @ to change
1422 after you have typed them and pressed \s-2RETURN\s+2.
1426 Recall that the last buffer-changing command we gave deleted
1427 the lines formerly numbered 2 and 3.
1438 than one line,
1440 the text of the line which is now ``dot'' (the current line).
1448 a line and press \s-2RETURN\s+2;
1450 2. to refer to the line we are at in the buffer.
1453 the number of the line currently being edited:
1458 If we type ``\fB.\fR='' we are asking for the number of the line,
1459 and if we type ``\fB.\fR'' we are asking for the text of the line.
1465 line in the buffer.
1467 edit will print the line number corresponding to the
1468 last line in the buffer.
1470 ``\fB.\fR'' and ``$'', then, represent line numbers.
1472 place of line numbers in commands.
1475 :\|\fB\s+2.\s-2,$d
1478 instructs edit to delete all lines from the current line (\fB.\fR)
1481 Moving around in the buffer (+ and \-)
1485 to go back and re-read a previous line.
1486 You could specify a context search for a line you want to
1488 but if you simply want to see what was written a few, say 3, lines
1491 \-3p
1493 This tells edit to move back to a position 3 lines
1494 before the current line (.)
1495 and print that line.
1500 instructs edit to print the line that is 2
1503 You may use ``+'' and ``\-'' in any command where edit
1504 accepts line numbers.
1505 Line numbers specified with ``+'' or ``\-''
1509 :\|\fB\-1,+2copy$
1512 makes a copy of 4 lines: the current line, the line before it,
1514 The copied lines will be placed after the last line
1516 and the original lines referred to by ``\-1'' and ``+2''
1519 Try typing only ``\-''; you will move back one line just as
1520 if you had typed ``\-1p''.
1524 Typing \s-2RETURN\s+2 alone on a line is the equivalent
1525 of typing ``+1p''; it will move you one line ahead in the buffer
1526 and print that line.
1528 If you are at the last line of the buffer and try
1530 a carriage return alone on the line,
1535 At end-of-file
1542 Similarly, if you try to move to a position before the first line,
1551 Negative address \- first buffer line is 1
1554 The number associated with a buffer line is the line's ``address'',
1555 in that it can be used to locate the line.
1574 This text was created with the \s-2UNIX\s0 text editor.
1582 This text was created with the \s-2UNIX\s0 text editor.
1583 \s+2\&.\s-2
1591 by giving line numbers as with the print command.
1593 After you type \s-2RETURN\s+2 to end the change command,
1594 edit notifies you if more than one line will be changed
1600 by typing a period alone on a line.
1606 This is the end of the third session on text editing with \s-2UNIX\s0.
1616 and how to issue \s-2UNIX\s0 commands while in the editor.
1631 apply to the entire contents of the buffer \-
1654 Then, on the same line, type the command to be
1671 instance of ``text'' \fIin each line\fR will be changed
1680 to change every instance of ``text'' in line 5 alone.
1682 if ``Text'' begins with a capital rather than a lower-case
1694 about using the global command in combination with any other \-
1703 will delete every line containing a blank anywhere in it.
1708 edit will print a warning if the command added or deleted more than one line.
1733 are not specified \-
1770 After altering the current line by typing
1785 to make the same change on the next line in the buffer
1792 ``$'' is taken by the editor to mean ``end of the line''
1794 that occur at the end of a line.
1804 The symbol ``^'' indicates the beginning of a line.
1811 of the current line.
1826 line and replaces it by the word ``dollar''.
1828 ``the end of the line'' in your search
1833 Issuing \s-2UNIX\s0 commands from the editor
1839 and so they require the use of \s-2UNIX\s0 system commands
1841 ``shell'' is the name of the program that processes \s-2UNIX\s0 commands).
1842 You do not need to quit the editor to execute a \s-2UNIX\s0 command
1845 To use the \s-2UNIX\s0 command
1855 indicates that the rest of the line is to be processed as a shell command.
1909 "text" [Modified] line 3 of 4 --75%--
1925 "text" line 3 of 4 --75%--
1931 \f3read (r)\f1 command allows you to add the contents of a file
1936 To use it, specify the line after which the new text will be placed,
1946 and adds it to the buffer after the last line.
1982 there are times \s-2UNIX\s+2 stops working
2055 or the \fB\-r\fR option of the edit command
2078 and its more commonly-used commands.
2092 .bd I 3
2136 Type the \s-2ESC\s0 key and then a ``Q''
2152 addressing, \fIsee\fR line numbers
2154 append mode, 6-7
2158 buffer, 3
2161 command mode, 5-6
2163 context search, 10-12, 19-21
2165 control-H, 7
2169 current line (\|.\|), 11, 17
2170 delete (d) command, 15-16
2171 dial-up, 5
2172 disk, 3
2173 documentation, 3, 23
2174 dollar ($), 10, 11, 17, 20-21
2176 edit (text editor), 3, 5, 23
2183 delete (d), 15-16
2184 edit (text editor), 3, 5, 23
2186 file (f), 21-22
2188 move (m), 14-15
2190 preserve (pre), 22-23
2195 substitute (s), 11-12, 19, 20
2196 undo (u), 16-17, 23
2198 z, 12-13
2202 \-, 17
2208 entering text, 3, 6-7
2218 file, 3
2219 file (f) command, 21-22
2220 file recovery, 22-23
2221 filename, 3, 21
2223 input mode, 6-7
2225 line numbers, \fIsee also\fR current line
2229 relative (+ and \-), 17
2232 logging in, 4-6
2235 minus (\-), 17
2236 move (m) command, 14-15
2237 ``Negative address\(emfirst buffer line is 1'' (message), 18
2241 non-printing characters, 10
2249 preserve (pre) command, 22-23
2251 program, 3
2254 % (\s-2UNIX\s0), 5
2263 references, 3, 23
2265 reverse command effects (undo), 16-17, 23
2266 searching, 10-12, 19-21
2269 slash (/), 11-12, 20
2270 special characters (^, $, \\), 10, 11, 17, 20-21
2271 substitute (s) command, 11-12, 19, 20
2272 terminals, 4-5
2274 undo (u) command, 16-17, 23
2275 \s-1UNIX\s0, 3
2277 z command, 12-13