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133 .IX Title "OPENSSL-GENPKEY 1ossl"
134 .TH OPENSSL-GENPKEY 1ossl "2023-09-22" "3.0.11" "OpenSSL"
140 openssl\-genpkey \- generate a private key
144 [\fB\-help\fR]
145 [\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR]
146 [\fB\-outform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR]
147 [\fB\-quiet\fR]
148 [\fB\-pass\fR \fIarg\fR]
149 [\fB\-\f(BIcipher\fB\fR]
150 [\fB\-paramfile\fR \fIfile\fR]
151 [\fB\-algorithm\fR \fIalg\fR]
152 [\fB\-pkeyopt\fR \fIopt\fR:\fIvalue\fR]
153 [\fB\-genparam\fR]
154 [\fB\-text\fR]
155 [\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR]
156 [\fB\-provider\fR \fIname\fR]
157 [\fB\-provider\-path\fR \fIpath\fR]
158 [\fB\-propquery\fR \fIpropq\fR]
159 [\fB\-config\fR \fIconfigfile\fR]
165 .IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
166 .IX Item "-help"
168 .IP "\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
169 .IX Item "-out filename"
172 .IP "\fB\-outform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR" 4
173 .IX Item "-outform DER|PEM"
174 The output format, except when \fB\-genparam\fR is given; the default is \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR.
175 See \fBopenssl\-format\-options\fR\|(1) for details.
177 When \fB\-genparam\fR is given, \fB\-outform\fR is ignored.
178 .IP "\fB\-quiet\fR" 4
179 .IX Item "-quiet"
181 .IP "\fB\-pass\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
182 .IX Item "-pass arg"
183 The output file password source. For more information about the format of \fIarg\fR
184 see \fBopenssl\-passphrase\-options\fR\|(1).
185 .IP "\fB\-\f(BIcipher\fB\fR" 4
186 .IX Item "-cipher"
189 .IP "\fB\-algorithm\fR \fIalg\fR" 4
190 .IX Item "-algorithm alg"
191 Public key algorithm to use such as \s-1RSA, DSA, DH\s0 or \s-1DHX.\s0 If used this option must
192 precede any \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options. The options \fB\-paramfile\fR and \fB\-algorithm\fR
194 built-in ones.
196 Valid built-in algorithm names for private key generation are \s-1RSA,\s0 RSA-PSS, \s-1EC,
197 X25519, X448, ED25519\s0 and \s-1ED448.\s0
199 Valid built-in algorithm names for parameter generation (see the \fB\-genparam\fR
200 option) are \s-1DH, DSA\s0 and \s-1EC.\s0
202 Note that the algorithm name X9.42 \s-1DH\s0 may be used as a synonym for \s-1DHX\s0 keys and
203 PKCS#3 refers to \s-1DH\s0 Keys. Some options are not shared between \s-1DH\s0 and \s-1DHX\s0 keys.
204 .IP "\fB\-pkeyopt\fR \fIopt\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4
205 .IX Item "-pkeyopt opt:value"
206 Set the public key algorithm option \fIopt\fR to \fIvalue\fR. The precise set of
208 implementation. See \*(L"\s-1KEY GENERATION OPTIONS\*(R"\s0 and
209 \&\*(L"\s-1PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS\*(R"\s0 below for more details.
210 .IP "\fB\-genparam\fR" 4
211 .IX Item "-genparam"
212 Generate a set of parameters instead of a private key. If used this option must
213 precede any \fB\-algorithm\fR, \fB\-paramfile\fR or \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options.
214 .IP "\fB\-paramfile\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
215 .IX Item "-paramfile filename"
216 Some public key algorithms generate a private key based on a set of parameters.
219 precede any \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options. The options \fB\-paramfile\fR and \fB\-algorithm\fR
221 .IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4
222 .IX Item "-text"
223 Print an (unencrypted) text representation of private and public keys and
224 parameters along with the \s-1PEM\s0 or \s-1DER\s0 structure.
225 .IP "\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR" 4
226 .IX Item "-engine id"
227 See \*(L"Engine Options\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1).
229 .IP "\fB\-provider\fR \fIname\fR" 4
230 .IX Item "-provider name"
232 .IP "\fB\-provider\-path\fR \fIpath\fR" 4
233 .IX Item "-provider-path path"
234 .IP "\fB\-propquery\fR \fIpropq\fR" 4
235 .IX Item "-propquery propq"
237 See \*(L"Provider Options\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1), \fBprovider\fR\|(7), and \fBproperty\fR\|(7).
238 .IP "\fB\-config\fR \fIconfigfile\fR" 4
239 .IX Item "-config configfile"
240 See \*(L"Configuration Option\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1).
243 The options supported by each algorithm and indeed each implementation of an
245 below. There are no key generation options defined for the X25519, X448, \s-1ED25519\s0
246 or \s-1ED448\s0 algorithms.
247 .SS "\s-1RSA\s0 Key Generation Options"
249 .IP "\fBrsa_keygen_bits:numbits\fR" 4
251 The number of bits in the generated key. If not specified 2048 is used.
252 .IP "\fBrsa_keygen_primes:numprimes\fR" 4
254 The number of primes in the generated key. If not specified 2 is used.
255 .IP "\fBrsa_keygen_pubexp:value\fR" 4
257 The \s-1RSA\s0 public exponent value. This can be a large decimal or
259 .SS "RSA-PSS Key Generation Options"
260 .IX Subsection "RSA-PSS Key Generation Options"
261 Note: by default an \fBRSA-PSS\fR key has no parameter restrictions.
262 …s\fR:\fInumbits\fR, \fBrsa_keygen_primes\fR:\fInumprimes\fR, \fBrsa_keygen_pubexp\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4
264 These options have the same meaning as the \fB\s-1RSA\s0\fR algorithm.
265 .IP "\fBrsa_pss_keygen_md\fR:\fIdigest\fR" 4
268 .IP "\fBrsa_pss_keygen_mgf1_md\fR:\fIdigest\fR" 4
270 If set the key is restricted and can only use \fIdigest\fR as it's \s-1MGF1\s0
272 .IP "\fBrsa_pss_keygen_saltlen\fR:\fIlen\fR" 4
275 .SS "\s-1EC\s0 Key Generation Options"
277 The \s-1EC\s0 key generation options can also be used for parameter generation.
278 .IP "\fBec_paramgen_curve\fR:\fIcurve\fR" 4
280 The \s-1EC\s0 curve to use. OpenSSL supports \s-1NIST\s0 curve names such as \*(L"P\-256\*(R".
281 .IP "\fBec_param_enc\fR:\fIencoding\fR" 4
285 .SS "\s-1DH\s0 Key Generation Options"
287 .IP "\fBgroup\fR:\fIname\fR" 4
290 See the \*(L"\s-1DH\s0 Parameter Generation Options\*(R" section below.
293 The options supported by each algorithm and indeed each implementation of an
296 .SS "\s-1DSA\s0 Parameter Generation Options"
298 .IP "\fBdsa_paramgen_bits\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
300 The number of bits in the generated prime. If not specified 2048 is used.
301 .IP "\fBdsa_paramgen_q_bits\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
304 .IP "\fBqbits\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
307 The number of bits in the q parameter. Must be one of 160, 224 or 256. If not
309 .IP "\fBdsa_paramgen_md\fR:\fIdigest\fR" 4
312 .IP "\fBdigest\fR:\fIdigest\fR" 4
315 The digest to use during parameter generation. Must be one of \fBsha1\fR, \fBsha224\fR
316 or \fBsha256\fR. If set, then the number of bits in \fBq\fR will match the output size
319 the number of bits in \fBq\fR, i.e. \fBsha1\fR if q length is 160, \fBsha224\fR if it 224
321 .IP "\fBproperties\fR:\fIquery\fR" 4
324 .IP "\fBtype\fR:\fItype\fR" 4
326 The type of generation to use. Set this to 1 to use legacy \s-1FIPS186\-2\s0 parameter
327 generation. The default of 0 uses \s-1FIPS186\-4\s0 parameter generation.
328 .IP "\fBgindex\fR:\fIindex\fR" 4
330 The index to use for canonical generation and verification of the generator g.
333 This \fIindex\fR must then be reused during key validation to verify the value of g.
334 If this value is not set then g is not verifiable. The default value is \-1.
335 .IP "\fBhexseed\fR:\fIseed\fR" 4
337 The seed \fIseed\fR data to use instead of generating a random seed internally.
339 values for the generated parameters \s-1OR\s0 it will fail if the seed did not
341 .SS "\s-1DH\s0 Parameter Generation Options"
346 .IP "\fBgroup\fR:\fIname\fR" 4
349 .IP "\fBdh_param\fR:\fIname\fR" 4
352 Use a named \s-1DH\s0 group to select constant values for the \s-1DH\s0 parameters.
355 Valid values that are associated with the \fBalgorithm\fR of \fB\*(L"\s-1DH\*(R"\s0\fR are:
359 Valid values that are associated with the \fBalgorithm\fR of \fB\*(L"\s-1DHX\*(R"\s0\fR are the
360 \&\s-1RFC5114\s0 names \*(L"dh_1024_160\*(R", \*(L"dh_2048_224\*(R", \*(L"dh_2048_256\*(R".
361 .IP "\fBdh_rfc5114\fR:\fInum\fR" 4
363 If this option is set, then the appropriate \s-1RFC5114\s0 parameters are used
364 instead of generating new parameters. The value \fInum\fR can be one of
365 1, 2 or 3 that are equivalent to using the option \fBgroup\fR with one of
368 .IP "\fBpbits\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
371 .IP "\fBdh_paramgen_prime_len\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
374 The number of bits in the prime parameter \fIp\fR. The default is 2048.
375 .IP "\fBqbits\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
378 .IP "\fBdh_paramgen_subprime_len\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
381 The number of bits in the sub prime parameter \fIq\fR. The default is 224.
383 generate \s-1DHX\s0 parameters.
384 .IP "\fBsafeprime-generator\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4
385 .IX Item "safeprime-generator:value"
387 .IP "\fBdh_paramgen_generator\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4
391 The \fBalgorithm\fR option must be \fB\*(L"\s-1DH\*(R"\s0\fR for this parameter to be used.
392 .IP "\fBtype\fR:\fIstring\fR" 4
394 The type name of \s-1DH\s0 parameters to generate. Valid values are:
395 .RS 4
400 The \fBalgorithm\fR option must be \fB\*(L"\s-1DH\*(R"\s0\fR.
404 \&\s-1FIPS186\-4\s0 parameter generation.
405 The \fBalgorithm\fR option must be \fB\*(L"\s-1DHX\*(R"\s0\fR.
409 \&\s-1FIPS186\-4\s0 parameter generation.
410 The \fBalgorithm\fR option must be \fB\*(L"\s-1DHX\*(R"\s0\fR.
414 Can be used with the option \fBpbits\fR to select one of
416 The \fBalgorithm\fR option must be \fB\*(L"\s-1DH\*(R"\s0\fR.
422 If \fBalgorithm\fR is \fB\*(L"\s-1DH\*(R"\s0\fR then \fB\*(L"generator\*(R"\fR is used.
423 If \fBalgorithm\fR is \fB\*(L"\s-1DHX\*(R"\s0\fR then \fB\*(L"fips186_2\*(R"\fR is used.
425 .RS 4
427 .IP "\fBdh_paramgen_type\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4
429 The type of \s-1DH\s0 parameters to generate. Valid values are 0, 1, 2 or 3
432 .IP "\fBdigest\fR:\fIdigest\fR" 4
434 The digest to use during parameter generation. Must be one of \fBsha1\fR, \fBsha224\fR
435 or \fBsha256\fR. If set, then the number of bits in \fBqbits\fR will match the output
436 size of the specified digest and the \fBqbits\fR parameter will be
438 the number of bits in \fBq\fR, i.e. \fBsha1\fR if q length is 160, \fBsha224\fR if it is
441 .IP "\fBproperties\fR:\fIquery\fR" 4
445 .IP "\fBgindex\fR:\fIindex\fR" 4
447 The index to use for canonical generation and verification of the generator g.
450 This \fIindex\fR must then be reused during key validation to verify the value of g.
451 If this value is not set then g is not verifiable. The default value is \-1.
453 .IP "\fBhexseed\fR:\fIseed\fR" 4
455 The seed \fIseed\fR data to use instead of generating a random seed internally.
457 values for the generated parameters \s-1OR\s0 it will fail if the seed did not
460 .SS "\s-1EC\s0 Parameter Generation Options"
462 The \s-1EC\s0 parameter generation options are the same as for key generation. See
463 \&\*(L"\s-1EC\s0 Key Generation Options\*(R" above.
466 The use of the genpkey program is encouraged over the algorithm specific
467 utilities because additional algorithm options and \s-1ENGINE\s0 provided algorithms
471 Generate an \s-1RSA\s0 private key using default parameters:
473 .Vb 1
474 \& openssl genpkey \-algorithm RSA \-out key.pem
477 Encrypt output private key using 128 bit \s-1AES\s0 and the passphrase \*(L"hello\*(R":
479 .Vb 1
480 \& openssl genpkey \-algorithm RSA \-out key.pem \-aes\-128\-cbc \-pass pass:hello
483 Generate a 2048 bit \s-1RSA\s0 key using 3 as the public exponent:
486 \& openssl genpkey \-algorithm RSA \-out key.pem \e
487 \& \-pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:2048 \-pkeyopt rsa_keygen_pubexp:3
490 Generate 2048 bit \s-1DSA\s0 parameters that can be validated: The output values for
495 \& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DSA \-out dsap.pem \-pkeyopt pbits:2048 \e
496 \& \-pkeyopt qbits:224 \-pkeyopt digest:SHA256 \-pkeyopt gindex:1 \-text
499 Generate \s-1DSA\s0 key from parameters:
501 .Vb 1
502 \& openssl genpkey \-paramfile dsap.pem \-out dsakey.pem
505 Generate 4096 bit \s-1DH\s0 Key using safe prime group ffdhe4096:
507 .Vb 1
508 \& openssl genpkey \-algorithm DH \-out dhkey.pem \-pkeyopt group:ffdhe4096
511 Generate 2048 bit X9.42 \s-1DH\s0 key with 256 bit subgroup using \s-1RFC5114\s0 group3:
513 .Vb 1
514 \& openssl genpkey \-algorithm DHX \-out dhkey.pem \-pkeyopt dh_rfc5114:3
517 Generate a \s-1DH\s0 key using a \s-1DH\s0 parameters file:
519 .Vb 1
520 \& openssl genpkey \-paramfile dhp.pem \-out dhkey.pem
523 Output \s-1DH\s0 parameters for safe prime group ffdhe2048:
525 .Vb 1
526 \& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DH \-out dhp.pem \-pkeyopt group:ffdhe2048
529 Output 2048 bit X9.42 \s-1DH\s0 parameters with 224 bit subgroup using \s-1RFC5114\s0 group2:
531 .Vb 1
532 \& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DHX \-out dhp.pem \-pkeyopt dh_rfc5114:2
535 Output 2048 bit X9.42 \s-1DH\s0 parameters with 224 bit subgroup using \s-1FIP186\-4\s0 keygen:
538 \& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DHX \-out dhp.pem \-text \e
539 \& \-pkeyopt pbits:2048 \-pkeyopt qbits:224 \-pkeyopt digest:SHA256 \e
540 \& \-pkeyopt gindex:1 \-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_type:2
543 Output 1024 bit X9.42 \s-1DH\s0 parameters with 160 bit subgroup using \s-1FIP186\-2\s0 keygen:
546 \& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DHX \-out dhp.pem \-text \e
547 \& \-pkeyopt pbits:1024 \-pkeyopt qbits:160 \-pkeyopt digest:SHA1 \e
548 \& \-pkeyopt gindex:1 \-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_type:1
551 Output 2048 bit \s-1DH\s0 parameters:
554 \& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DH \-out dhp.pem \e
555 \& \-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_prime_len:2048
558 Output 2048 bit \s-1DH\s0 parameters using a generator:
561 \& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DH \-out dhpx.pem \e
562 \& \-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_prime_len:2048 \e
563 \& \-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_type:1
566 Generate \s-1EC\s0 parameters:
569 \& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm EC \-out ecp.pem \e
570 \& \-pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:secp384r1 \e
571 \& \-pkeyopt ec_param_enc:named_curve
574 Generate \s-1EC\s0 key from parameters:
576 .Vb 1
577 \& openssl genpkey \-paramfile ecp.pem \-out eckey.pem
580 Generate \s-1EC\s0 key directly:
583 \& openssl genpkey \-algorithm EC \-out eckey.pem \e
584 \& \-pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:P\-384 \e
585 \& \-pkeyopt ec_param_enc:named_curve
590 .Vb 1
591 \& openssl genpkey \-algorithm X25519 \-out xkey.pem
594 Generate an \s-1ED448\s0 private key:
596 .Vb 1
597 \& openssl genpkey \-algorithm ED448 \-out xkey.pem
601 The ability to use \s-1NIST\s0 curve names, and to generate an \s-1EC\s0 key directly,
604 The ability to generate X448, \s-1ED25519\s0 and \s-1ED448\s0 keys was added in OpenSSL 1.1.1.
606 The \fB\-engine\fR option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
609 Copyright 2006\-2023 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
613 in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at