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1 This document describes a simple public-key certificate authentication
5 ----------
11 surface, but it does not support the important use-cases of centrally
15 system already in SSH to allow certificate-based authentication. The
24 raw user keys. The ssh client will support automatic verification of
29 public key that is used to sign challenges. In OpenSSH, ssh-keygen
34 ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com
35 ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com
36 ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com
37 ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com
38 ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com
39 ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com
42 SHA-2 signatures (SHA-256 and SHA-512 respectively):
44 rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com
45 rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com
47 These RSA/SHA-2 types should not appear in keys at rest or transmitted
48 on the wire, but do appear in a SSH_MSG_KEXINIT's host-key algorithms
54 -------------------
58 algorithm names to add support for certificate authentication without
59 breaking the protocol - implementations that do not support the
67 ----------------------
69 The certificate key types take a similar high-level format (note: data
78 string "ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com"
79 string nonce
84 string key id
85 string valid principals
88 string critical options
89 string extensions
90 string reserved
91 string signature key
92 string signature
96 string "ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com"
97 string nonce
104 string key id
105 string valid principals
108 string critical options
109 string extensions
110 string reserved
111 string signature key
112 string signature
116 string "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com" |
117 "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com" |
118 "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com"
119 string nonce
120 string curve
121 string public_key
124 string key id
125 string valid principals
128 string critical options
129 string extensions
130 string reserved
131 string signature key
132 string signature
136 string "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com"
137 string nonce
138 string pk
141 string key id
142 string valid principals
145 string critical options
146 string extensions
147 string reserved
148 string signature key
149 string signature
151 The nonce field is a CA-provided random bitstring of arbitrary length
157 p, q, g, y are the DSA parameters as described in FIPS-186-2.
172 key id is a free-form text field that is filled in by the CA at the time
176 "valid principals" is a string containing zero or more principals as
180 zero-length "valid principals" field means the certificate is valid for
184 certificate. Each represents a time in seconds since 1970-01-01
208 certificate. The valid key types for CA keys are ssh-rsa,
209 ssh-dss, ssh-ed25519 and the ECDSA types ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,
210 ecdsa-sha2-nistp384, ecdsa-sha2-nistp521. "Chained" certificates, where
213 Ed25519 or ECDSA CA key and vice-versa.
215 signature is computed over all preceding fields from the initial string
218 (RFC4253 section 6.6 for ssh-rsa and ssh-dss, RFC5656 for the ECDSA
222 ----------------
228 string name
229 string data
235 option-specific information (see below). All options are
240 domain name to the option name, e.g. "my-option@example.com".
247 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
248 force-command string Specifies a command that is executed
250 ssh command-line) whenever this key is
253 source-address string Comma-separated list of source addresses
262 verify-required empty Flag indicating that signatures made
267 support this feature in their signature
271 ----------
274 non-critical certificate extensions. The encoding and ordering of
282 domain name to the option name, e.g. "my-option@example.com".
289 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
290 no-touch-required empty Flag indicating that signatures made
294 key types that support this feature in
297 permit-X11-forwarding empty Flag indicating that X11 forwarding
301 permit-agent-forwarding empty Flag indicating that agent forwarding
306 permit-port-forwarding empty Flag indicating that port-forwarding
311 permit-pty empty Flag indicating that PTY allocation
316 permit-user-rc empty Flag indicating that execution of