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1 hostapd, wpa_supplicant and the Multi-AP Specification
5 support the Multi-AP Specification.
7 Introduction to Multi-AP
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10 The Wi-Fi Alliance Multi-AP Specification is the technical specification for
11 Wi-Fi CERTIFIED EasyMesh(TM) [1], the Wi-Fi Alliance® certification program for
12 Multi-AP. It defines control protocols between Wi-Fi® access points (APs) to
17 Most of the Multi-AP specification falls outside of the scope of
25 - the WPS onboarding process;
26 - configuring backhaul links.
28 The text below refers to "Multi-AP Specification v1.0" [3].
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34 In a Multi-AP network, the central controller can configure the BSSs on the
42 Multi-AP specification doesn't dictate this, but typically the backhaul link
47 side of the backhaul link is configured through the Multi-AP protocol as the
52 must use 4-address mode for all frames sent over this link ([3], section 14).
56 'multi_ap_backhaul_sta=1', wpa_supplicant includes the Multi-AP IE in
59 wpa_supplicant sets 4-address mode for this interface through a driver
65 identified themselves as backhaul stations ([3], section 5.2, paragraph 5-6).
69 frames sent to a backhaul STA must use 4-address mode, while frames sent to a
71 3-address mode.
73 A BSS is configured in Multi-AP mode in hostapd by setting the 'multi_ap'
76 parses the Multi-AP information element in the Association Request frame. If the
78 hostapd sets up 4-address mode. Since there may be multiple stations connected
85 without the Multi-AP information element will be denied.
88 with the Multi-AP information element will be denied. That is also the only
89 difference with 'multi_ap' set to 0: in the latter case, the Multi-AP
92 In summary, this is the end-to-end behavior for a backhaul BSS (i.e.,
99    Multi-AP specific).
100 2. STA sends Authentication frame (nothing Multi-AP specific).
101 3. AP sends Authentication frame (nothing Multi-AP specific).
102 4. STA sends Association Request frame with Multi-AP IE.
103 5. AP sends Association Response frame with Multi-AP IE.
104 6. STA and AP both use 4-address mode for Data frames.
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111 BSSs, not on backhaul BSSs, so WPS should not be enabled on a backhaul-only
114 a Multi-AP backhaul link, hostapd must not respond with the normal fronthaul
121 credentials when hostapd receives a WPS M1 message with the Multi-AP IE. Only
122 WPA2-Personal is supported in the Multi-AP specification, so there is no need
124 per-device PSK is not supported.
130 To enable the Multi-AP backhaul STA feature when it performs WPS, a new
132 "multi_ap=1" option is set, it adds the Multi-AP backhaul subelement to the
135 not follow the Multi-AP specification, wpa_supplicant will fail to associate.
137 In summary, this is the end-to-end behavior for WPS of a backhaul link (i.e.,
143 1. Fronthaul BSS Beacon frames advertise WPS support (nothing Multi-AP
145 2. Enrollee sends Authentication frame (nothing Multi-AP specific).
146 3. AP sends Authentication frame (nothing Multi-AP specific).
147 4. Enrollee sends Association Request frame with Multi-AP IE.
148 5. AP sends Association Response frame with Multi-AP IE.
149 6. Enrollee sends M1 with additional Multi-AP subelement.
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157 [1] https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-easymesh
159 [3] https://www.wi-fi.org/file/multi-ap-specification-v10