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2 .\" Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey *
3 .\" Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
32 .SS "User-Defined Capabilities"
41 \fI\%ncurses\fP addresses this limitation by allowing user-defined
44 the \fB\-x\fP option for this purpose.
45 When \fB\-x\fP is set,
46 \fB@TIC@\fP treats unknown capabilities as user-defined.
56 User-defined capability strings whose name begins
70 user-defined capabilities intended for use by termcap applications should
77 The \fI\%ncurses\fP library uses a few of these user-defined
80 Other user-defined capabilities (including function keys) are
82 .I "NCURSES USER-DEFINABLE CAPABILITIES"
86 The following entry, describing an ANSI-standard terminal, is representative
90 \s-2ansi|ansi/pc\-term compatible with color,
93 acsc=+\e020\e,\e021\-\e030.\*^Y0\e333\(ga\e004a\e261f\e370g\e361h\e260
106 rep=%p1%c\eE[%p2%{1}%\-%db, rev=\eE[7m, rin=\eE[%p1%dT,
141 ANSI-standard terminals have
143 (i.e., an automatic return and line-feed
159 are given by the two-character code,
167 map to an \s-1ESCAPE\s0 character,
169 \fB\*^\f(BIx\fR maps to a control-\fIx\fP for any appropriate \fIx\fP,
181 \fInewline\fP, \fIline-feed\fP, \fIreturn\fP, \fItab\fP, \fIbackspace\fP, \fIform-feed\fP, and \fIs…
211 Compiled terminfo files use null-terminated strings, with no lengths.
228 affected by the operation, and the amount given is the per-affected-unit
255 The library uses a compiled-in list of pathnames,
276 as a list of colon-separated pathnames of terminal databases to be searched.
282 Finally, \fI\%ncurses\fP searches these compiled-in locations:
294 hexadecimal- or base64-encoded data,
296 This encoded data can be set using the \*(``\-Q\*('' option of
317 or some other screen-oriented program to check that they are correct.
322 or bugs in the screen-handling code of the test program.
333 If the terminal is a \s-1CRT\s0, then the
348 applies to storage scope terminals, such as \s-1TEKTRONIX\s+1 4010
374 are undefined at the left and top edges of a \s-1CRT\s0 terminal.
438 hard-copy and \*(``glass-tty\*('' terminals.
442 .\".in -2
443 \s-133\||\|tty33\||\|tty\||\|model 33 teletype,
448 while the Lear Siegler \s-1ADM-3\s0 is described as
451 .\".in -2
452 \s-1adm3\||\|3\||\|lsi adm3,
461 with \fIprintf\fP-like escapes such as \fI%x\fP in it.
487 as in \fBprintf\fP(3), flags are \fI[\-+#]\fP and \fIspace\fP.
488 Use a \*(``:\*('' to allow the next character to be a \*(``\-\*('' flag,
489 avoiding interpreting \*(``%\-\*('' as an operator.
497 \fB%p\fI[1\-9]\fR
500 \fB%P\fI[a\-z]\fR
501 set dynamic variable \fI[a\-z]\fP to \fIpop()\fP
503 \fB%g\fI[a\-z]\fR
504 get dynamic variable \fI[a\-z]\fP and push it
506 \fB%P\fI[A\-Z]\fR
507 set static variable \fI[a\-z]\fP to \fIpop()\fP
509 \fB%g\fI[A\-Z]\fR
510 get static variable \fI[a\-z]\fP and push it
568 \fB%+\fP, \fB%\-\fP, \fB%*\fP, \fB%/\fP, \fB%m\fP
572 bit operations (AND, OR and exclusive-OR): \fIpush(pop() op pop())\fP
587 This forms an if-then-else.
593 It is possible to form else-if's a la Algol 68:
600 Use the \fB\-f\fP option of \fB@TIC@\fP or \fB@INFOCMP@\fP to see
601 the structure of if-then-else's.
604 The \fB\-f\fP option splits the string into lines with the parts indented.
607 That is, to get x\-5 one would use \*(``%gx%{5}%\-\*(''.
609 persistent across escape-string evaluations.
620 The Microterm \s-1ACT-IV\s0 needs the current row and column sent
635 A final example is the \s-1LSI ADM\s0-3a, which uses row and column
649 \fBhome\fP; similarly a fast way of getting to the lower left-hand corner
680 such as the \s-1TEKTRONIX\s+1 4025.
682 If the terminal needs to be in a special mode when running
684 the codes to enter and exit this mode can be given
689 relative cursor addressing, a one screen-sized window must be fixed into
691 This is also used for the \s-1TEKTRONIX\s+1 4025,
728 Other (non-AT&T) terminals may support margins
734 left/right margins (left/right margin mode, and origin mode).
737 cursor-addressing outside those margins.
743 These are the margin-related capabilities:
818 When setting margins, the line- and column-values are zero-based.
875 index with the memory-lock feature found on some terminals (like the HP-700/90
887 window is effectively a view port on a screen-sized canvas.
893 off the bottom of the region by the \fBri\fP re-appears, then scrolling
894 is non-destructive.
912 that deleting a line or scrolling may bring non-blank lines up from below
913 or that scrolling back with \fBri\fP may bring down non-blank lines.
931 mode.
941 While these are two logically separate attributes (one line versus multi-line
942 insert mode, and special treatment of untyped spaces) we have seen no
943 terminals whose insert mode cannot be described with the single attribute.
945 Terminfo can describe both terminals which have an insert mode, and terminals
947 Give as \fBsmir\fP the sequence to get into insert mode.
948 Give as \fBrmir\fP the sequence to leave insert mode.
951 Most terminals with a true insert mode
955 If your terminal has both, insert mode is usually preferable to \fBich1\fP.
958 Accordingly, some non-curses applications get
975 If your terminal needs both to be placed into an \*(``insert mode\*('' and
991 in insert mode, give this as a number of milliseconds padding in \fBrmp\fP.
993 It is occasionally necessary to move around while in insert mode
997 insert mode you can give the capability \fBmir\fP to speed up inserting
1002 insert mode works.
1012 and delete mode by giving \fBsmdc\fP and \fBrmdc\fP
1013 to enter and exit delete mode (any mode the terminal needs to be placed
1030 \f2standout mode\fP,
1031 representing a good, high contrast, easy-on-the-eyes,
1033 (If you have a choice, reverse video plus half-bright is good,
1035 The sequences to enter and exit standout mode
1038 mode leaves one or even two blank spaces on the screen,
1054 .B dim
1055 (dim or half-bright)
1067 (enter alternate character set mode)
1070 (exit alternate character set mode).
1081 standout, underline, reverse, blink, dim, bold, blank, protect, alternate
1100 p5 dim not available
1110 The vt220 terminal has a protect mode,
1113 The altcharset mode also is different in that it is either \*^O or \*^N,
1153 assumes that sgr0 does not exit alternate character set mode.
1157 deposit special \*(``cookies\*('' when they receive mode-setting sequences,
1161 mode when they move to a new line or the cursor is addressed.
1162 Programs using standout mode should exit standout mode before
1166 capability, asserting that it is safe to move in standout mode, is present.
1173 not on the bottom line (to make, for example, a non-blinking underline into an
1233 (exit insert mode),
1242 (insert character or enter insert mode),
1306 A \*(``back-tab\*('' command which moves leftward to the preceding tab stop can
1327 command to determine whether to set the mode for hardware tab expansion,
1329 If the terminal has tab stops that can be saved in non-volatile memory,
1419 For example, the command to set the vt100 into 80-column mode would
1423 needed since the terminal is usually already in 80-column mode.
1459 provide different command-line options.
1495 for memory-mapped console devices effectively that do not have a speed limit.
1514 The simplest case is a status line which is cursor-addressable but not
1516 a status line of this kind, as would a 24-line VT100 with a 23-line
1524 \fBtsl\fP which takes the cursor to a given zero-origin column on the
1526 The capability \fBfsl\fP must return to the main-screen
1546 Many terminals have alternate character sets useful for forms-drawing.
1547 Terminfo and \fBcurses\fP have built-in support
1562 ACS_UARROW 0x2d \- \*^ arrow pointing up
1577 ACS_S3 0x70 p \- scan line 3
1578 ACS_HLINE 0x71 q \- horizontal line
1579 ACS_S7 0x72 r \- scan line 7
1586 ACS_LEQUAL 0x79 y < less-than-or-equal-to
1587 ACS_GEQUAL 0x7a z > greater-than-or-equal-to
1589 ACS_NEQUAL 0x7c | ! not-equal
1612 \fIcarriage return\fP and \fIline-feed\fP) are not (re)used in curses.
1626 Most color terminals are either \*(``Tektronix-like\*('' or \*(``HP-like\*('':
1628 Tektronix-like
1632 character-cell foreground and background characters independently, mixing them
1635 On HP-like terminals, the user must set each color
1638 ANSI-compatible terminals are Tektronix-like.
1651 than the power-up default background; these should have the Boolean capability
1659 To change the current foreground or background color on a Tektronix-type
1676 Argument values 0-7 of \fBsetaf\fP/\fBsetab\fP are portably defined as
1723 On an HP-like terminal, use \fBscp\fP with a color pair number parameter to set
1728 On a Tektronix-like terminal, the capability \fBccc\fP may be present to
1731 take a color number (0 to \fBcolors\fP \- 1)and three more parameters which
1738 terminal-dependent.
1740 On an HP-like terminal, \fBinitp\fP may give a capability for changing a
1743 \fBmax_pairs\fP \- 1), and two triples describing first background and then
1781 foreground color blue and is not available in color mode.
1793 Note that \fI\%ncurses\fP implements the termcap-compatible \fBPC\fP
1803 (half-line up)
1806 (half-line down).
1807 This is primarily useful for superscripts and subscripts on hard-copy terminals.
1808 If a hard-copy terminal can eject to the next page (form feed), give this as
1821 such as the \s-1TEKTRONIX\s+1 4025,
1856 If strings exist to turn this \*(``meta mode\*('' on and off, they
1902 Terminals which ignore a line-feed immediately after an \fBam\fP wrap,
1918 that to erase standout mode it is instead necessary to use
1934 approached terminfo's 4096-byte string-table maximum.
1941 allocate a 1024-byte buffer for the termcap entry.
1942 The entry gets null-terminated by
1944 1k\-1 (1023) bytes.
1972 backslash-newline pairs, which \fBtgetent\fP strips out while reading it.
2014 When in \-C (translate to termcap) mode,
2016 \fB@TIC@\fP(1M) issues warning messages when the pre-tc length of a termcap
2018 The \-c (check) option also checks resolved (after tc
2033 an alternate-character-set mode (such modes may, among other things, map
2036 \fBALTCHARSET\fP mode.
2041 The \fI\%ncurses\fP library handles insert-character and
2042 insert-character modes in a slightly non-standard way to get better
2055 that can return mouse-tracking information in the keyboard-input stream.
2059 signed 16-bit values.
2109 (those of HP-UX and AIX)
2115 Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey.