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4 * Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey *
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59 <h1 class="no-header">Announcing ncurses @VERSION@</h1>
61 <h2><a name="h2-overview" id="h2-overview">Overview</a></h2>
63 <p>The <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> (new curses)
67 function-key mapping, and has all the other SVr4-curses
71 <p>In mid-June 1995, the maintainer of 4.4BSD curses declared
73 keepers of <span class="main-name">unix</span> releases such as
75 "main-name">ncurses</span>.</p>
77 <p>Since 1995, <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> has been
92 "main-name">unix</span> systems, e.g., AIX, HP-UX, IRIX64, SCO,
95 <li>It should work readily on any ANSI/POSIX-conforming
96 <span class="main-name">unix</span>.</li>
104 "part-name">captoinfo</span></a>, a termcap conversion
108 "part-name">clear</span></a>, utility for clearing the
112 "part-name">infocmp</span></a>, the terminfo decompiler</li>
115 "part-name">tabs</span></a>, set tabs on a terminal</li>
118 "part-name">tic</span></a>, the terminfo compiler</li>
121 "part-name">toe</span></a>, list (table of) terminfo
125 "part-name">tput</span></a>, utility for retrieving terminal
129 "part-name">tset</span></a>, to initialize the terminal</li>
134 <p>The <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> distribution is
135 available at <span class="main-name">ncurses</span>' <a href=
140 …"https://invisible-island.net/archives/ncurses/">https://invisible-island.net/archives/ncurses/</a>
143 …"https://invisible-mirror.net/archives/ncurses/">https://invisible-mirror.net/archives/ncurses/</a…
153 <h2><a name="h2-release-notes" id="h2-release-notes">Release
156 <p>These notes are for <span class="main-name">ncurses</span>
159 <p>This release is designed to be source-compatible with
160 <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> 5.0 through 6.4; providing
163 "main-name">ncurses</span> 5 ABI, the reason for the release is
165 "main-name">ncurses</span> 6 ABI and the supporting utility
171 <p>The most <a href="#h3-bug-fixes">important
172 bug-fixes/improvements</a> dealt with robustness issues. The
173 release notes also mention some other bug-fixes, but are focused
175 <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> 6.4 release.</p>
177 <h3><a name="h3-library" id="h3-library">Library improvements</a></h3>
179 <h4><a name="h4-new-library" id="h4-new-library">New features</a></h4>
185 <p>The low-level terminfo and termcap interfaces are used
186 both by the higher-level curses library, as well as by many
203 how many string-parameters to expect:</p>
217 <p>The ncurses library supports a compile-time feature
218 (enabled with the configure <code>--enable-check-size</code>
222 cursor-position report (in user6/user7 terminfo capabilities)
226 <p>The ncurses test-program with options
227 “<code>-E -T</code>” demonstrates this
231 <li>add functions to query tty-flags in
236 <a href="@HOMEPAGE@/tack/">tack</a>, e.g., pre-1.08</p>
238 <h4><a name="h4-fixes-library" id="h4-fixes-library">Other
311 <p>review/improve handling of out-of-memory conditions</p>
315 <p>limit delays to 30 seconds, i.e., padding delays in
327 <p>modify <code>delscreen</code> to limit the windows which
373 when adding a non-spacing character to a double-width
379 non-wide ncurses library .</p>
383 <h3><a name="h3-programs" id="h3-programs">Program
386 <p id="h4-utilities">Several improvements were made to the
388 option “<tt>-u</tt>” option help refactor the
392 <dt><span class="part-name"><a href=
399 <p>add limit checks for processing extended capabilities
400 with the “<code>-u</code>” option</p>
405 that the “<code>-u</code>” option can be used
410 <p>modify “<code>-u</code>” option to not
416 <p>correct an assignment “<code>-u</code>”
423 <dt><span class="part-name"><a href=
430 <p>correct limit-check when dumping tc/use clause via
431 “<code>-I</code>”</p>
442 problems within the current runtime rather than for
443 conflicts with pre-existing terminal descriptions.</p>
449 “<code>-o</code>” option is used</p>
454 <dt><span class="part-name"><a href=
456 "part-name"><a href=
462 <p>add “<code>-v</code>” option to tput, to
472 <p>modify <em>reset</em> feature to avoid 1-second sleep
473 if running in a pseudo-terminal</p>
479 <h4><a name="h4-examples" id="h4-examples">Examples</a></h4>
483 "@HOMEPAGE@/ncurses-examples.html">ncurses-examples</a>:</p>
497 non-wrapped updates</p>
507 non-wrapped updates</p>
514 <dt><span class="part-name"><em>test/test_endwin.c</em></span>
518 <p>This program shows the return-status from
525 <h3><a name="h3-database" id="h3-database">Terminal database</a></h3>
532 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-ansi_apparrows"><tt>ansi+apparrows</tt></a></p>
537 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-contour"><tt>contour</tt></a></p>
542 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-linux_kbs"><tt>linux+kbs</tt></a>
548 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-rio"><tt>rio</tt></a>,
550 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-rio-direct"><tt>rio-direct</tt></a></p>
555 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-mostlike"><tt>mostlike</tt></a></p>
560 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-ms-vt100-16color"><tt>ms-vt100-16color</tt></a>,
562 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-winconsole"><tt>winconsole</tt></a></p>
567 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-vt100_noapp"><tt>vt100+noapp</tt></a>,
569 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-vt100_noapp_pc"><tt>vt100+noapp+pc</tt></a>,
571 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-xterm_app_pc"><tt>xterm+app+pc</tt></a>,
573 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-xterm_decedit"><tt>xterm+decedit</tt></a>
580 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-putty_cursor"><tt>putty+cursor</tt></a>
581 to reflect amending of modified cursor-keys in 2021</p>
586 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-wezterm"><tt>wezterm</tt></a></p>
592 <code>infocmp</code> “<code>-u</code>” option in a
593 script to determine which <em>building-block</em> entries could
602 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#toc-_X_T_E_R_M__Extensions_">document</a>
608 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-sun"><tt>sun</tt></a>
614 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-foot"><tt>foot</tt></a></p>
619 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-foot_base"><tt>foot+base</tt></a></p>
624 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-putty"><tt>putty</tt></a></p>
629 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-vte-2017"><tt>vte-2017</tt></a></p>
634 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-vte-2014"><tt>vte-2014</tt></a></p>
639 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-xgterm"><tt>xgterm</tt></a>
640 to work around line-drawing bug</p>
645 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-xterm_focus"><tt>xterm+focus</tt></a>
651 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-alacritty_common"><tt>alacritty+common</tt></a></p>
661 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-xterm_focus"><tt>xterm+focus</tt></a>
668 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-xterm-p370"><tt>xterm-p370</tt></a>
670 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-tmux"><tt>tmux</tt></a></p>
675 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-tmux"><tt>tmux</tt></a></p>
679 <p>NetBSD-related fixes for <a href=
680 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-x68k"><tt>x68k</tt></a> and
682 "@HOMEPAGE@/terminfo.src.html#tic-wsvt25"><tt>wsvt25</tt></a></p>
686 <h3><a name="h3-documentation" id=
687 "h3-documentation">Documentation</a></h3>
724 <p>clarify interaction of <code>-R</code> option versus
725 <code>-C</code>, <code>-I</code> and <code>-r</code> in
735 format used for non-printable characters.</p>
740 low-level functions.</p>
754 <p>modify test-package "ncurses6-doc" to use
755 manpage-aliases, which in turn required a change to the
756 configure script to factor in the extra-suffix option
772 <p>document limitations of tparm, and error-returns in
777 <p>document limitations of tgoto, and error-returns in
793 <p>Manpages now use consistent section-naming, page
808 <h3><a name="h3-bug-fixes" id="h3-bug-fixes">Interesting
809 bug-fixes</a></h3>
812 the design of the low-level interfaces are <em>interesting</em>,
813 but are not bug-fixes <em>per se</em>.</p>
815 <h3><a name="h3-config-config" id=
816 "h3-config-config">Configuration changes</a></h3>
818 <h4><a name="h4-config-major" id="h4-config-major">Major
822 "#h4-new-library"><tt>tiparm_s</tt></a>):</p>
826 <p>use wide-character (ncursesw) by default</p>
844 <p>fatal errors in compile-checks, arising from recent
859 "@HOMEPAGE@/INSTALL.html#option:enable-string-hacks">string-hacks</a>
874 <p>trim a space after some "-R" options, fixing builds for
890 <h4><a name="h4-config-options" id=
891 "h4-config-options">Configuration options</a></h4>
897 "@HOMEPAGE@/INSTALL.html#option:disable-setuid-environ"><tt>--disable-setuid-environ</tt></a>
908 variables from the current user, in contrast to sudo which
909 may limit the environment variables that ncurses uses.</p>
913 "@HOMEPAGE@/INSTALL.html#option:enable-check-size"><tt>--enable-check-size</tt></a>
917 <p>Compile-in feature to detect screensize for terminals
923 "@HOMEPAGE@/INSTALL.html#option:with-abi-altered"><tt>--with-abi-altered=<em>NUM</em></tt></a>
927 <p>Override the displayed (rather than compiled-in) ABI. Only
933 … "@HOMEPAGE@/INSTALL.html#option:with-strip-program"><tt>--with-strip-program=<em>XXX</em></tt></a>
948 …"@HOMEPAGE@/INSTALL.html#option:with-pkg-config-libdir"><tt>--with-pkg-config-libdir[=<em>DIR</em>…
953 “auto” to automatically use pkg-config's library
960 "@HOMEPAGE@/INSTALL.html#option:with-xterm-kbs"><tt>--with-xterm-kbs[=<em>XXX</em>]</tt></a>
970 <h3><a name="h3-portability" id="h3-portability">Portability</a></h3>
982 <p>modify configure script check for pkg-config library
988 <p>allow for MinGW32-/64-bit configurations to use
999 uClibc-ng</p>
1003 <p>modify version-check for gcc/g++, now works for msys2</p>
1007 <p>build-fixes related to configure-options and/or
1011 <li>fix for <tt>--enable-fvisibility</tt></li>
1014 <tt>--with-rel-version</tt></li>
1017 <tt>--with-abi-version</tt></li>
1019 <li>fix for <tt>--disable-tcap-names</tt></li>
1026 <p>other configure-script improvements:</p>
1093 <h2><a name="h2-features" id="h2-features">Features of
1094 <span class="main-name">ncurses</span></a></h2>
1096 <p>The <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> package is fully
1097 upward-compatible with SVr4 (System V Release 4) curses:</p>
1106 <p><span class="main-name">ncurses</span> supports the
1107 features of SVr4 curses including keyboard mapping, color,
1113 <p><span class="main-name">ncurses</span> provides work-alike
1130 on-screen forms</p>
1136 <p><span class="main-name">ncurses</span>'s terminal database
1141 <p><span class="main-name">ncurses</span> supports
1142 user-defined capabilities that it can see, but which are
1153 <p>Alternatively, <span class="main-name">ncurses</span>
1161 <p>The <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> utilities have
1164 as the HP-UX and AIX ports.</p>
1168 <p>The <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> package also has
1173 <p>The API is 8-bit clean and base-level conformant with the
1182 <p>Unlike SVr3 curses, <span class="main-name">ncurses</span>
1183 can write to the rightmost-bottommost corner of the screen if
1184 your terminal has an insert-character capability.</p>
1216 "main-name">ncurses</span> KEY_MOUSE, or by defining more
1221 <p>Support for direct-color terminals, such as modern
1226 <p>Support for 256-color terminals, such as modern xterm.</p>
1230 <p>Support for 16-color terminals, such as <em>aixterm</em>
1235 <p>Better cursor-movement optimization. The package now
1236 features a cursor-local-movement computation more efficient
1241 <p>Super hardware scrolling support. The screen-update code
1244 line-insertion, and line-deletion for screen-line movements.
1250 <p>Real support for terminals with the magic-cookie glitch.
1251 The screen-update code will refrain from drawing a highlight
1252 if the magic- cookie unattributed spaces required just before
1253 the beginning and after the end would step on a non-space
1261 pre-loaded fallback entries linked to it so that it can serve
1264 screen-oriented programs that must run in single-user
1270 "part-name">tic</span></a>/<a href=
1272 provided with <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> has the
1278 <p>A BSD-like <a href=
1280 "part-name">tset</span></a> utility is provided.</p>
1284 <p>The <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> library and
1308 <p>The table-of-entries utility <a href=
1310 "part-name">toe</span></a> makes it easy for users to see
1331 <p>Except for the last case, ncurses provides a non-macro
1343 "main-name">ncurses</span> FAQ</a></em> for online
1348 <h2><a name="h2-who-uses" id="h2-who-uses">Applications using
1349 <span class="main-name">ncurses</span></a></h2>
1351 <p>The <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> distribution
1354 "@HOMEPAGE@/ncurses-examples.html">ncurses-examples</a></p>
1361 <dt><span class="part-name">aptitude</span>
1371 <dt><span class="part-name">cdk</span>
1381 <dt><span class="part-name">ded</span>
1385 <p>directory-editor</p>
1390 <dt><span class="part-name">dialog</span>
1401 <dt><span class="part-name">lynx</span>
1408 "https://lynx.invisible-island.net/">https://lynx.invisible-island.net/</a></p>
1411 <dt><span class="part-name">mutt</span>
1420 <dt><span class="part-name">ncftp</span>
1424 <p>file-transfer utility</p>
1430 <dt><span class="part-name">nvi</span>
1437 "https://sites.google.com/a/bostic.com/keithbostic/the-berkeley-vi-editor-home-page">
1438 https://sites.google.com/a/bostic.com/keithbostic/the-berkeley-vi-editor-home-page</a><br>
1443 <dt><span class="part-name">ranger</span>
1454 <dt><span class="part-name">tin</span>
1463 <dt><span class="part-name">vifm</span>
1475 "main-name">ncurses</span> for the terminfo support alone:</p>
1479 <dt><span class="part-name">minicom</span>
1486 …"https://salsa.debian.org/minicom-team/minicom">https://salsa.debian.org/minicom-team/minicom</a><…
1489 <dt><span class="part-name">mosh</span>
1498 <dt><span class="part-name">tack</span>
1507 <dt><span class="part-name">tmux</span>
1517 <dt><span class="part-name">vile</span>
1521 <p><em>vi-like-emacs</em> may be built to use the terminfo,
1533 <dt><span class="part-name">emacs</span>
1543 <dt><span class="part-name">less</span>
1554 <dt><span class="part-name">screen</span>
1564 <dt><span class="part-name">vim</span>
1575 <h2><a name="h2-development" id="h2-development">Development
1578 <p>Zeyd Ben-Halim started <span class="main-name">ncurses</span>
1584 "mailto:dickey@invisible-island.net">Thomas E. Dickey</a>. Thomas
1587 "@HOMEPAGE@/ncurses-license.html">copyright on ncurses</a> for
1594 <p>Contact the current maintainers at</p>
1597 <a href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">bug-ncurses@gnu.org</a>
1604 "mailto:bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org">bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org</a>
1615 <p>Beta versions of <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> are
1620 …"https://invisible-island.net/archives/ncurses/current/">https://invisible-island.net/archives/ncu…
1623 …"https://invisible-mirror.net/archives/ncurses/current/">https://invisible-mirror.net/archives/ncu…
1626 <p>Patches to the current release are made available at</p>
1630 …"https://invisible-island.net/archives/ncurses/6.4/">https://invisible-island.net/archives/ncurses…
1633 …"https://invisible-mirror.net/archives/ncurses/6.4/">https://invisible-mirror.net/archives/ncurses…
1640 …"https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-ncurses">https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-ncurses</a…
1643 <h2><a name="h2-this-stuff" id="h2-this-stuff">Related
1650 <li><a href="@HOMEPAGE@/ncurses-license.html"><span class=
1651 "main-name">ncurses</span> licensing</a></li>
1653 <li><a href="@HOMEPAGE@/ncurses-mapsyms.html">Symbol versioning
1654 in <span class="main-name">ncurses</span></a></li>
1656 <li><a href="@HOMEPAGE@/ncurses-slang.html">Comments on
1657 <span class="main-name">ncurses</span> versus <span class=
1658 "main-name">slang</span> (S-Lang)</a></li>
1660 <li><a href="@HOMEPAGE@/ncurses-openbsd.html">Comments on
1661 <span class="main-name">OpenBSD</span></a></li>
1674 <h2><a name="h2-other-stuff" id="h2-other-stuff">Other
1678 terminfo-format terminal description file once maintained by
1682 several user-definable extensions beyond the X/Open Curses
1685 <p>You can find lots of information on terminal-related topics
1687 "https://shuford.invisible-island.net/">Richard Shuford's
1696 <li><a href="#h2-overview">Overview</a></li>
1699 <a href="#h2-release-notes">Release Notes</a>
1702 <a href="#h3-library">Library improvements</a>
1704 <li><a href="#h4-new-library">New features</a></li>
1706 <li><a href="#h4-fixes-library">Other
1712 <a href="#h3-programs">Program improvements</a>
1714 <li><a href="#h4-utilities">Utilities</a></li>
1716 <li><a href="#h4-examples">Examples</a></li>
1720 <li><a href="#h3-database">Terminal database</a></li>
1722 <li><a href="#h3-documentation">Documentation</a></li>
1724 <li><a href="#h3-bug-fixes">Interesting bug-fixes</a></li>
1727 <a href="#h3-config-config">Configuration changes</a>
1729 <li><a href="#h4-config-major">Major changes</a></li>
1731 <li><a href="#h4-config-options">Configuration
1736 <li><a href="#h3-portability">Portability</a></li>
1740 <li><a href="#h2-features">Features of <span class=
1741 "main-name">ncurses</span></a></li>
1743 <li><a href="#h2-who-uses">Applications using <span class=
1744 "main-name">ncurses</span></a></li>
1746 <li><a href="#h2-development">Development activities</a></li>
1748 <li><a href="#h2-this-stuff">Related resources</a></li>
1750 <li><a href="#h2-other-stuff">Other resources</a></li>