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8 characters and function-key mapping, and has all the other SVr4-curses
12 In mid-June 1995, the maintainer of 4.4BSD curses declared that he
14 releases such as BSD/OS, FreeBSD and NetBSD to switch over to ncurses.
16 Since 1995, ncurses has been ported to many systems:
24 vendor unix systems, e.g., AIX, HP-UX, IRIX64, SCO, Solaris,
26 * It should work readily on any ANSI/POSIX-conforming unix.
37 * tset, to initialize the terminal
43 https://invisible-island.net/archives/ncurses/ or
44 https://invisible-mirror.net/archives/ncurses/ .
54 This release is designed to be source-compatible with ncurses 5.0
55 through 6.4; providing extensions to the application binary interface
56 (ABI). Although the source can still be configured to support the
57 ncurses 5 ABI, the reason for the release is to reflect improvements
58 to the ncurses 6 ABI and the supporting utility programs.
63 The most important bug-fixes/improvements dealt with robustness
64 issues. The release notes also mention some other bug-fixes, but are
65 focused on new features and improvements to existing features since
73 * The low-level terminfo and termcap interfaces are used both by the
74 higher-level curses library, as well as by many applications.
76 strings for output to the terminal (tiparm and tparm) analyze the
77 capability string to determine which parameters are strings (i.e.,
80 calling application's design if environment variables are used to
81 point to an invalid terminal database. This is a longstanding
83 early 1980s.
85 which allows the calling application to tell ncurses how many
86 string-parameters to expect:
88 that would be passed to tiparm_s.
89 + tiparm_s provides applications a way to tell ncurses what the
91 * The ncurses library supports a compile-time feature (enabled with
92 the configure --enable-check-size option) which simplifies
95 ANSI cursor-position report (in user6/user7 terminfo capabilities)
96 to obtain the screen size if neither environment variables or
98 The ncurses test-program with options "-E -T" demonstrates this
100 * add functions to query tty-flags in SCREEN
103 pre-1.08
107 These are improvements to existing features:
108 * In addition to the new, safer function tiparm_s, ncurses adds
109 checks to make the older tiparm, tparm and tgoto functions safer:
113 application happens to have.
115 shows will attempt to use string parameters.
116 + ncurses uses internal functions which correspond to tiparm,
118 passed to these functions come from the loaded terminal
122 * modify _nc_syserr_abort to use _nc_env_access, rather than only
125 * modify flushinp to use file descriptors in SCREEN, rather than
127 * modify mcprint to use file descriptor in SCREEN, for consistency
128 * modify internal function _nc_read_file_entry to show relevant
132 * review/improve handling of out-of-memory conditions
133 * limit delays to 30 seconds, i.e., padding delays in terminfo, as
137 * modify delscreen to limit the windows which it creates to just
139 * modify endwin to return an error if it is called again without an
141 * modify wenclose to handle pads
145 These are corrections to existing features:
150 winsnstr and wins_nwstr to match Solaris; make similar correction
151 to wins_nwstr
153 non-spacing character to a double-width character
154 * correct definition of Charable macro for non-wide ncurses library
159 Several improvements were made to the utility programs. Some were done
160 to make the infocmp option "-u" option help refactor the terminal
166 the "-u" option
168 the "-u" option can be used for more than two terminal types
169 + modify "-u" option to not report cancels for strings which
171 + correct an assignment "-u" for detecting if a boolean is
177 + correct limit-check when dumping tc/use clause via "-I"
181 + modify check for multiply defined aliases to report problems
183 pre-existing terminal descriptions.
184 + disallow using $TERMINFO or $HOME/.terminfo when "-o" option
189 + add "-v" option to tput, to show warnings
190 + modify reset command to avoid altering clocal if the terminal
192 + modify reset feature to avoid 1-second sleep if running in a
193 pseudo-terminal
197 Along with the library and utilities, improvements were made to the
198 ncurses-examples:
199 * modify test_tparm to account for extended capabilities
201 * modify test/clip_printw.c to optionally test non-wrapped updates
202 * modify test/test_mouse.c to use curses api for raw/noraw
203 * modify test/clip_printw.c to optionally test non-wrapped updates
208 This program shows the return-status from endwin with different
217 * rio, rio-direct
219 * ms-vt100-16color, winconsole
222 * putty+cursor to reflect amending of modified cursor-keys in 2021
225 There are many changes to existing terminal descriptions. Some were
226 updates to several descriptions, using the infocmp "-u" option in a
227 script to determine which building-block entries could be used to
234 * add xterm+focus to foot+base
235 * add ecma+strikeout to putty
236 * use CSI 3J in vte-2017
237 * use oldxterm+sm+1006 in vte-2014
238 * modify xgterm to work around line-drawing bug
239 * add xterm focus mode 1004 to xterm+focus as fe/fd capabilities,
241 * add xterm+focus to alacritty+common
242 * add XR/xr, to work with vim, and use RV/rv to denote DA2 and its
244 * add XF flag to xterm+focus so that termcap applications can be
246 * use xterm+focus in xterm-p370 and tmux
248 * NetBSD-related fixes for x68k and wsvt25
254 * attempts to improve the description of features which users have
259 In addition to providing background information to explain these
263 + add assignment in CF_MAN_PAGES to fill in value for
265 + clarify interaction of -R option versus -C, -I and -r in
269 used for non-printable characters.
270 + improve manpages discussing file descriptors in low-level
274 + modify dist.mk to avoid passing developer's comments in
276 + modify test-package "ncurses6-doc" to use manpage-aliases,
277 which in turn required a change to the configure script to
278 factor in the extra-suffix option when deriving alias names.
280 + add information about "ttycap", termcap's forerunner, to
282 + document limitations of tparm, and error-returns in
284 + document limitations of tgoto, and error-returns in
287 + This release has many changes to improve the formatting and
289 + Manpages now use consistent section-naming, page headers and
293 There are no new manual pages (all of the manual page updates are to
296 Interesting bug-fixes
298 The changes to tparm, tgoto which improve the design of the low-level
299 interfaces are interesting, but are not bug-fixes per se.
306 * use wide-character (ncursesw) by default
309 However, most of the work on configure scripts was done to reduce
312 * fatal errors in compile-checks, arising from recent "Modern C"
314 checks to fail.
319 Other improvements made to configure checks include
320 * use string-hacks in alloc_entry.c, alloc_type.c and hardscroll.c,
321 overlooked due to compiler changes in recent OpenBSD releases
322 * revise progs.priv.h to provide for NC_ISATTY reuse
324 * trim a space after some "-R" options, fixing builds for
336 --disable-setuid-environ
340 the search path for the terminfo or termcap entry to be
344 from the current user, in contrast to sudo which may limit the
347 --enable-check-size
348 Compile-in feature to detect screensize for terminals which do
351 --with-abi-altered=NUM
352 Override the displayed (rather than compiled-in) ABI. Only
356 --with-strip-program=XXX
363 --with-pkg-config-libdir[=DIR]
364 The optional DIR parameter can now be "auto" to automatically
365 use pkg-config's library directory.
369 --with-xterm-kbs[=XXX]
370 The default is "auto" which tells the configure script to
371 choose BS or DEL according to platform defaults.
377 * add/use configure check for clock_gettime, to supersede
379 * modify configure script check for pkg-config library directory to
382 * allow for MinGW32-/64-bit configurations to use _DEFAULT_SOURCE
383 * modify CF_XOPEN_SOURCE macro's amend default case to avoid
385 * updated configure script macro CF_XOPEN_SOURCE, for uClibc-ng
386 * modify version-check for gcc/g++, now works for msys2
387 * build-fixes related to configure-options and/or platform:
388 + fix for --enable-fvisibility
389 + fix for unusual values of --with-rel-version
390 + fix for unusual values of --with-abi-version
391 + fix for --disable-tcap-names
393 * other configure-script improvements:
401 * modify configure scripts/makefiles to omit KEY_RESIZE if the
403 * increase MB_CUR_MAX to 16, matching glibc's MB_LEN_MAX
404 * add BSD erase2 to characters handled by tset/reset
405 * use getauxval when available, to improve setuid/setgid checks
406 * set dwShareMode in calls to CreateConsoleScreenBuffer
408 to obtain a handle on the actual console, avoiding redirection in
410 * modify MinGW driver to return KEY_BACKSPACE when an unmodified
412 * modify MinGW configuration to provide for running in MSYS/MSYS2
418 The ncurses package is fully upward-compatible with SVr4 (System V
424 * ncurses provides work-alike replacements of SVr4 supplemental
432 on-screen forms
435 + ncurses supports user-defined capabilities that it can see,
438 + It can be optionally configured to match the format used in
440 + Alternatively, ncurses can be configured to use hashed
443 * The ncurses utilities have options to allow you to filter terminfo
445 the HP-UX and AIX ports.
448 * The API is 8-bit clean and base-level conformant with the X/Open
454 * Unlike SVr3 curses, ncurses can write to the rightmost-bottommost
455 corner of the screen if your terminal has an insert-character
461 * The function wresize allows you to resize windows, preserving
463 * The function use_default_colors allows you to use the terminal's
466 * The functions keyok and define_key allow you to better control the
468 defining more than one control sequence to map to a given key
470 * Support for direct-color terminals, such as modern xterm.
471 * Support for 256-color terminals, such as modern xterm.
472 * Support for 16-color terminals, such as aixterm and modern xterm.
473 * Better cursor-movement optimization. The package now features a
474 cursor-local-movement computation more efficient than either BSD's
476 * Super hardware scrolling support. The screen-update code
478 to make optimal use of hardware scrolling, line-insertion, and
479 line-deletion for screen-line movements. This algorithm is more
481 * Real support for terminals with the magic-cookie glitch. The
482 screen-update code will refrain from drawing a highlight if the
483 magic- cookie unattributed spaces required just before the
484 beginning and after the end would step on a non-space character.
486 would make it possible to draw the highlight without changing the
488 * It is possible to generate the library with a list of pre-loaded
489 fallback entries linked to it so that it can serve those terminal
491 (this may be useful for support of screen-oriented programs that
492 must run in single-user mode).
493 * The tic/captoinfo utility provided with ncurses has the ability to
496 * A BSD-like tset utility is provided.
498 entries from $HOME/.terminfo if it exists, and compile to that
499 directory if it exists and the user has no write access to the
500 system directory. This feature makes it easier for users to have
501 personal terminfo entries without giving up access to the system
503 * You may specify a path of directories to search for compiled
507 * In terminfo source files, use capabilities may refer not just to
508 other entries in the same source file (as in System V) but also to
511 * The table-of-entries utility toe makes it easy for users to see
513 * X/Open Curses permits most functions it specifies to be made
515 + to improve performance, e.g., for operations composed of
517 text to the screen,
518 + to simplify the implementation by reusing functions which use
520 + to provide functions that return values via their parameters
521 Except for the last case, ncurses provides a non-macro
533 ncurses-examples
539 FrontEnd to Apt, the debian package manager
546 https://invisible-island.net/cdk/
549 directory-editor
551 https://invisible-island.net/ded/
558 https://invisible-island.net/dialog/
563 https://lynx.invisible-island.net/
571 file-transfer utility
578 https://sites.google.com/a/bostic.com/keithbostic/the-berkeley-
579 vi-editor-home-page
601 https://salsa.debian.org/minicom-team/minicom
611 https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tack.html
619 vi-like-emacs may be built to use the terminfo, termcap or
622 https://invisible-island.net/vile/
649 Zeyd Ben-Halim started ncurses from a previous package pcurses,
657 ncurses reverted to Thomas E. Dickey (see the ncurses FAQ for
662 bug-ncurses@gnu.org
664 To join the ncurses mailing list, please write email to
666 bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org
672 This list is open to anyone interested in helping with the development
677 https://invisible-island.net/archives/ncurses/current/ and
678 https://invisible-mirror.net/archives/ncurses/current/ .
680 Patches to the current release are made available at
682 https://invisible-island.net/archives/ncurses/6.4/ and
683 https://invisible-mirror.net/archives/ncurses/6.4/ .
687 https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-ncurses .
691 The release notes make scattered references to these pages, which may
695 * Comments on ncurses versus slang (S-Lang)
697 * tack - terminfo action checker
698 * tctest - termcap library checker
703 The distribution provides a newer version of the terminfo-format
706 file, which also provides several user-definable extensions beyond the
709 You can find lots of information on terminal-related topics not
724 + Interesting bug-fixes