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1 .\" $File: file.man,v 1.151 2024/04/07 21:27:35 christos Exp $
10 .Bk -words
13 .Op Fl Fl exclude-quiet
15 .Op Fl Fl mime-encoding
16 .Op Fl Fl mime-type
44 (the file contains only
58 or non-printable).
59 Exceptions are well-known file formats (core files, tar archives)
119 ASCII, ISO-8859-x, non-ISO 8-bit extended-ASCII character sets
121 UTF-8-encoded Unicode, UTF-16-encoded Unicode, and EBCDIC
126 ASCII, ISO-8859-x, UTF-8, and extended-ASCII files are identified
130 UTF-16 and EBCDIC are only
137 will attempt to determine other characteristics of text-type files.
139 of the Unix-standard LF, this will be reported.
145 has determined the character set used in a text-type file,
154 .Xr troff 1
162 .Xr tar 1
169 .Bl -tag -width indent
177 This option works properly only for file formats that have the
178 apple-style output defined.
184 output file that contains a pre-parsed version of the magic file or directory.
185 .It Fl c , Fl Fl checking-printout
201 .Bl -tag -width compress
204 application type (only on EMX).
224 Examines JSON (RFC-7159) files by parsing them for compliance.
237 .It Fl Fl exclude-quiet
246 Print a slash-separated list of valid extensions for the file type found.
252 .It Fl f , Fl Fl files-from Ar namefile
261 .Sq -
276 .It Fl h , Fl Fl no-dereference
288 .Sq text/plain; charset=us-ascii
291 .It Fl Fl mime-type , Fl Fl mime-encoding
294 but print only the specified element(s).
295 .It Fl k , Fl Fl keep-going
299 .Sq "\[rs]012\- "
315 This option causes symlinks to be followed, as the like-named option in
316 .Xr ls 1
321 .It Fl m , Fl Fl magic-file Ar magicfiles
323 This can be a single item, or a colon-separated list.
326 .It Fl N , Fl Fl no-pad
328 .It Fl n , Fl Fl no-buffer
330 This is only useful if checking a list of files.
332 .It Fl p , Fl Fl preserve-date
342 .Bl -column "elf_phnum" "Default" "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
344 .It Li bytes Ta 1M Ta max number of bytes to read from file
352 .It Li regex Ta 8K Ta length limit for regex searches
359 .It Fl s , Fl Fl special-files
362 only attempts to read and determine the type of argument files which
379 .It Fl S , Fl Fl no-sandbox
390 option is specified and the built-in decompressors are not available.
392 .It Fl v , Fl Fl version
396 .It Fl Z , Fl Fl uncompress-noreport
398 only not the compression.
404 .Xr cut 1
412 .It Fl -help
441 .Bl -tag -width __MAGIC__.mgc -compact
458 .Bl -bullet -compact -offset indent
467 .Bd -literal -offset indent
470 file: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV),
472 /dev/wd0a: block special (0/0)
473 /dev/hda: block special (3/0)
475 $ file -s /dev/wd0{b,d}
476 /dev/wd0b: data
477 /dev/wd0d: x86 boot sector
479 $ file -s /dev/hda{,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
480 /dev/hda: x86 boot sector
481 /dev/hda1: Linux/i386 ext2 filesystem
482 /dev/hda2: x86 boot sector
483 /dev/hda3: x86 boot sector, extended partition table
484 /dev/hda4: Linux/i386 ext2 filesystem
485 /dev/hda5: Linux/i386 swap file
486 /dev/hda6: Linux/i386 swap file
487 /dev/hda7: Linux/i386 swap file
488 /dev/hda8: Linux/i386 swap file
489 /dev/hda9: empty
490 /dev/hda10: empty
492 $ file -i file.c file /dev/{wd0a,hda}
493 file.c: text/x-c
494 file: application/x-executable
495 /dev/hda: application/x-not-regular-file
496 /dev/wd0a: application/x-not-regular-file
500 .Xr hexdump 1 ,
501 .Xr od 1 ,
502 .Xr strings 1 ,
504 .Xr fstyp 8
506 This program is believed to exceed the System V Interface Definition
509 Its behavior is mostly compatible with the System V program of the same name.
515 between this version and System V
519 .Bd -literal -offset indent
524 .Bd -literal -offset indent
531 .Bd -literal -offset indent
536 .Bd -literal -offset indent
542 command derived from the System V one, but with some extensions.
543 This version differs from Sun's only in minor ways.
548 .Bd -literal -offset indent
556 is enforces limiting system calls to only the ones necessary for the
591 The System V version introduced one significant major change:
595 This program, based on the System V version,
629 of non-ASCII files.
633 2007-2011, to improve MIME support, merge MIME and non-MIME magic,
645 Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, Toronto, Canada, 1986-1999.
653 were written by John Gilmore from his public-domain
654 .Xr tar 1
666 over the place, and actual output is only done in one place.
669 last-pushed (most specific, one hopes) value at the end, or
675 and printing \e012- between entries is clumsy and complicated; refactor
678 Some of the encoding logic is hard-coded in encoding.c and can be moved
693 Make file -ki work, i.e. give multiple MIME types.
704 hash-bang interpreter.
724 Special-case ^ to flip endianness in the parser so that it does not
744 .Pa /pub/file/file-X.YZ.tar.gz .