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2 .\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
4 .\" Copyright (c) 2018-2024 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
32 dc \- arbitrary\-precision decimal reverse\-Polish notation calculator
34 \f[B]dc\f[R] [\f[B]\-cChiPRvVx\f[R]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[R]]
35 [\f[B]\-\-help\f[R]] [\f[B]\-\-digit\-clamp\f[R]]
36 [\f[B]\-\-no\-digit\-clamp\f[R]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[R]]
37 [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[R]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-read\-prompt\f[R]]
38 [\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[R]] [\f[B]\-e\f[R] \f[I]expr\f[R]]
39 [\f[B]\-\-expression\f[R]=\f[I]expr\f[R]\&...]
40 [\f[B]\-f\f[R] \f[I]file\f[R]\&...]
41 [\f[B]\-\-file\f[R]=\f[I]file\f[R]\&...]
44 dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
50 If no files are given on the command\-line, then dc(1) reads from
57 \f[B]10\f[R], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[R] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[R],
62 \f[B]\-C\f[R], \f[B]\-\-no\-digit\-clamp\f[R]
72 If this and/or the \f[B]\-c\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-digit\-clamp\f[R] options
76 (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[R] section) and the default, which
77 can be queried with the \f[B]\-h\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-help\f[R] options.
79 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
82 \f[B]\-c\f[R], \f[B]\-\-digit\-clamp\f[R]
93 If this and/or the \f[B]\-C\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-no\-digit\-clamp\f[R]
97 (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[R] section) and the default, which
98 can be queried with the \f[B]\-h\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-help\f[R] options.
100 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
103 \f[B]\-e\f[R] \f[I]expr\f[R], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[R]=\f[I]expr\f[R]
112 If this option is given on the command\-line (i.e., not in
115 \f[B]\-\f[R] (\f[B]stdin\f[R]) was given as an argument at least once to
116 \f[B]\-f\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[R], whether on the command\-line or in
118 However, if any other \f[B]\-e\f[R], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[R],
119 \f[B]\-f\f[R], or \f[B]\-\-file\f[R] arguments are given after
120 \f[B]\-f\-\f[R] or equivalent is given, dc(1) will give a fatal error
123 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
126 \f[B]\-f\f[R] \f[I]file\f[R], \f[B]\-\-file\f[R]=\f[I]file\f[R]
133 If this option is given on the command\-line (i.e., not in
136 \f[B]\-\f[R] (\f[B]stdin\f[R]) was given as an argument at least once to
137 \f[B]\-f\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[R].
138 However, if any other \f[B]\-e\f[R], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[R],
139 \f[B]\-f\f[R], or \f[B]\-\-file\f[R] arguments are given after
140 \f[B]\-f\-\f[R] or equivalent is given, dc(1) will give a fatal error
143 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
146 \f[B]\-h\f[R], \f[B]\-\-help\f[R]
149 \f[B]\-I\f[R] \f[I]ibase\f[R], \f[B]\-\-ibase\f[R]=\f[I]ibase\f[R]
157 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
160 \f[B]\-i\f[R], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[R]
165 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
168 \f[B]\-L\f[R], \f[B]\-\-no\-line\-length\f[R]
175 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
178 \f[B]\-O\f[R] \f[I]obase\f[R], \f[B]\-\-obase\f[R]=\f[I]obase\f[R]
186 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
189 \f[B]\-P\f[R], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[R]
202 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
205 \f[B]\-R\f[R], \f[B]\-\-no\-read\-prompt\f[R]
224 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
227 \f[B]\-S\f[R] \f[I]scale\f[R], \f[B]\-\-scale\f[R]=\f[I]scale\f[R]
235 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
238 \f[B]\-v\f[R], \f[B]\-V\f[R], \f[B]\-\-version\f[R]
241 \f[B]\-x\f[R] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[R]
247 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
250 \f[B]\-z\f[R], \f[B]\-\-leading\-zeroes\f[R]
251 Makes dc(1) print all numbers greater than \f[B]\-1\f[R] and less than
255 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
258 All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[R].
260 If no files are given on the command\-line and no files or expressions
261 are given by the \f[B]\-f\f[R], \f[B]\-\-file\f[R], \f[B]\-e\f[R], or
262 \f[B]\-\-expression\f[R] options, then dc(1) reads from \f[B]stdin\f[R].
272 Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[R].
280 \f[B]dc  >&\-\f[R], it will quit with an error.
293 \f[B]dc  2>&\-\f[R], it will quit with an error.
336 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
347 the \f[B]\-c\f[R]/\f[B]\-\-digit\-clamp\f[R] or
348 \f[B]\-C\f[R]/\f[B]\-\-no\-digit\-clamp\f[R] options (see the
351 VARIABLES\f[R] section), or the default, which can be queried with the
352 \f[B]\-h\f[R]/\f[B]\-\-help\f[R] option.
370 There is one exception to clamping: single\-character numbers (i.e.,
406 digit is interpreted as an 8\-bit ASCII character, making it a byte
411 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
430 \f[B]\-\f[R]
451 The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
461 \f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[R] to \f[I]scale\f[R]
464 The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
475 The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
477 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
488 non\-zero.
497 The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
507 This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
516 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
525 integer and non\-zero.
527 and non\-negative.
530 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
538 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
546 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
555 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
564 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
573 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
582 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
587 If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[R] is pushed onto the stack.
593 a short\-circuit operator.
595 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
600 If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[R] is pushed onto the
606 a short\-circuit operator.
608 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
673 \f[B]scale\f[R], which must be non\-negative.
694 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
702 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
710 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
750 one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
756 create the new string as a one\-character string.
759 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
795 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
816 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
837 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
858 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
879 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
900 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
913 Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
926 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
959 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
968 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
986 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
1005 This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[R].
1027 been enabled with the \f[B]\-z\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-leading\-zeroes\f[R]
1028 options (see the \f[B]OPTIONS\f[R] section), non\-zero otherwise.
1039 In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
1048 If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[R] or
1049 \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[R] command\-line arguments are given),
1056 \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[R] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
1057 error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
1059 When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
1126 Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[R].
1130 Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[R].
1134 Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[R].
1138 Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[R].
1143 Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[R].
1151 Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[R].
1153 These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
1154 so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
1158 As \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[R], dc(1) recognizes the following
1162 This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
1163 They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
1166 on the command\-line.
1171 Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[R] option to set
1189 parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
1196 (\f[B]2\[ha]16\-1\f[R]), dc(1) will output lines to that length,
1198 The default line length is \f[B]70\f[R].
1213 variable exists and contains an integer, a non\-zero value makes dc(1)
1218 This environment variable overrides the default, which can be queried
1219 with the \f[B]\-h\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-help\f[R] options.
1228 exists and contains an integer, then a non\-zero value makes dc(1) use
1231 This environment variable overrides the default, which can be queried
1232 with the \f[B]\-h\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-help\f[R] options.
1241 exists and contains an integer, a non\-zero value makes dc(1) use a
1242 prompt, and zero or a non\-integer makes dc(1) not use a prompt.
1248 variable override the default, which can be queried with the
1249 \f[B]\-h\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-help\f[R] options.
1253 If any expressions or expression files are given on the command\-line
1254 with \f[B]\-e\f[R], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[R], \f[B]\-f\f[R], or
1255 \f[B]\-\-file\f[R], then if this environment variable exists and
1256 contains an integer, a non\-zero value makes dc(1) exit after executing
1261 This environment variable overrides the default, which can be queried
1262 with the \f[B]\-h\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-help\f[R] options.
1267 contains an integer, a non\-zero value makes dc(1) clamp digits that are
1274 This never applies to single\-digit numbers, as per the bc(1) standard
1277 This environment variable overrides the default, which can be queried
1278 with the \f[B]\-h\f[R] or \f[B]\-\-help\f[R] options.
1296 non\-integer where an integer is required.
1330 directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
1341 \f[B]\-i\f[R] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[R] option.
1345 \f[B]\-i\f[R] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[R] option.
1347 Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
1349 and \f[B]stdout\f[R] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[R]
1350 flag and \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[R] option can turn it on in other
1357 the contents of, or default for, the \f[B]DC_SIGINT_RESET\f[R]
1367 that environment variable contains a non\-zero integer, dc(1) will turn
1371 \f[I]not\f[R] a non\-zero integer, then dc(1) will not turn TTY mode on.
1374 exist, the default setting is used.
1375 The default setting can be queried with the \f[B]\-h\f[R] or
1376 \f[B]\-\-help\f[R] options.
1382 .SS Command\-Line History
1383 Command\-line history is only enabled if TTY mode is, i.e., that
1386 \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[R] section) and its default do not disable
1396 non\-zero integer, then the prompt is turned on when \f[B]stdin\f[R],
1398 \f[B]\-P\f[R] and \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[R] options were not used.
1400 the \f[B]\-R\f[R] and \f[B]\-\-no\-read\-prompt\f[R] options must also
1405 the \f[B]\-P\f[R] and \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[R] options, and the
1406 \f[B]\-R\f[R] and \f[B]\-\-no\-read\-prompt\f[R] options.
1414 \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[R] section), or its default, is either not
1418 \f[B]DC_SIGINT_RESET\f[R] or its default is an integer and non\-zero,
1439 exit, and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
1444 dc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
1448 This means that command\-line history can only be enabled when
1461 operators in the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017 (\[lq]POSIX.1\-2017\[rq]) bc(1)