Make fsck_ffs more persistent in creating a lost+found directory.

When fsck_ffs is running in interactive mode and finds unlinked files,
it offers to either unlink them or place them in a lost+found

Make fsck_ffs more persistent in creating a lost+found directory.

When fsck_ffs is running in interactive mode and finds unlinked files,
it offers to either unlink them or place them in a lost+found directory.
If the lost+found directory option is requested and no lost+found
directory exists, fsck_ffs offers to create one. When creating one,
it must allocate an inode and a filesystem block. It attempts to
allocate them from the first cylinder group. If the first cylinder
group has a bad check hash, it gives up.

This change expands the search into later cylinder groups when the
first one fails with a bad check hash.

Reported by: Chuck Silvers
Tested by: Chuck Silvers
MFC after: 1 week
Sponsored by: Netflix

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Ensure that all allocated data structures in fsck_ffs are freed.

Several large data structures are allocated by fsck_ffs to track
resource usage. Most but not all were deallocated at the end of
chec

Ensure that all allocated data structures in fsck_ffs are freed.

Several large data structures are allocated by fsck_ffs to track
resource usage. Most but not all were deallocated at the end of
checking each filesystem. This commit consolidates the freeing
of all data structures in one place and adds one that had previously
been missing.

It is important to clean up these data structures as they can be
large. If the previous allocations have not been freed, fsck_ffs
can run out of address space when many large filesystems are being
checked. An alternative would be to fork a new instance of fsck_ffs
for each filesystem to be checked, but we choose to free the small
set of large structures to save the fork overhead.

Reported by: Chuck Silvers
Tested by: Chuck Silvers
MFC after: 7 days
Sponsored by: Netflix

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Do not complain about incorrect cylinder group check-hashes when
asked to add them to a filesystem.

MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: Netflix

Fix 32-bit build post 5cc52631b3b88dfc36d8049dc8bece8573c5f9af.

Rewrite the disk I/O management system in fsck_ffs(8). Other than
making fsck_ffs(8) run faster, there should be no functional change.

The original fsck_ffs(8) had its own disk I/O management system

Rewrite the disk I/O management system in fsck_ffs(8). Other than
making fsck_ffs(8) run faster, there should be no functional change.

The original fsck_ffs(8) had its own disk I/O management system.
When gjournal(8) was added to FreeBSD 7, code was added to fsck_ffs(8)
to do the necessary gjournal rollback. Rather than use the existing
fsck_ffs(8) disk I/O system, it wrote its own from scratch. Similarly
when journalled soft updates were added in FreeBSD 9, code was added
to fsck_ffs(8) to do the necessary journal rollback. And once again,
rather than using either of the existing fsck_ffs(8) disk I/O
systems, it wrote its own from scratch. Lastly the fsdb(8) utility
uses the fsck_ffs(8) disk I/O management system. In preparation for
making the changes necessary to enable snapshots to be taken when
using journalled soft updates, it was necessary to have a single
disk I/O system used by all the various subsystems in fsck_ffs(8).

This commit merges the functionality required by all the different
subsystems into a single disk I/O system that supports all of their
needs. In so doing it picks up optimizations from each of them
with the results that each of the subsystems does fewer reads and
writes than it did with its own customized I/O system. It also
greatly simplifies making changes to fsck_ffs(8) since everything
goes through a single place. For example the ginode() function
fetches an inode from the disk. When inode check hashes were added,
they previously had to be checked in the code implementing inode
fetch in each of the three different disk I/O systems. Now they
need only be checked in ginode().

Tested by: Peter Holm
Sponsored by: Netflix

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Rename pass4check() to freeblock() and move from pass4.c to inode.c.
The new name more accurately describes what it does and the file move
puts it with other similar functions. Done in preparation fo

Rename pass4check() to freeblock() and move from pass4.c to inode.c.
The new name more accurately describes what it does and the file move
puts it with other similar functions. Done in preparation for future
cleanups. No functional differences intended.

Sponsored by: Netflix
Historic Footnote: my last FreeBSD svn commit

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Update the libufs cgget() and cgput() interfaces to have a similar
API to the sbget() and sbput() interfaces. Specifically they take
a file descriptor pointer rather than the struct uufsd *disk point

Update the libufs cgget() and cgput() interfaces to have a similar
API to the sbget() and sbput() interfaces. Specifically they take
a file descriptor pointer rather than the struct uufsd *disk pointer
used by the libufs cgread() and cgwrite() interfaces. Update fsck_ffs
to use these revised interfaces.

No functional changes intended.

Sponsored by: Netflix

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Make fsck(8) use pread(2). This cuts the number of syscalls by half.

Reviewed by: kib, mckusick
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: DARPA, AFRL
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17586

Merge ^/head r340918 through r341763.

Ensure that cylinder-group check-hashes are properly updated when first
creating them and when correcting them when they are found to be corrupted.

Reported by: Don Lewis (truckman@)
Sponsored by:

Ensure that cylinder-group check-hashes are properly updated when first
creating them and when correcting them when they are found to be corrupted.

Reported by: Don Lewis (truckman@)
Sponsored by: Netflix

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MFH @ r337607, in preparation for boarding

Merge ^/head r336870 through r337285, and resolve conflicts.

Make timespecadd(3) and friends public

The timespecadd(3) family of macros were imported from NetBSD back in
r35029. However, they were initially guarded by #ifdef _KERNEL. In the
meantime, we have

Make timespecadd(3) and friends public

The timespecadd(3) family of macros were imported from NetBSD back in
r35029. However, they were initially guarded by #ifdef _KERNEL. In the
meantime, we have grown at least 28 syscalls that use timespecs in some
way, leading many programs both inside and outside of the base system to
redefine those macros. It's better just to make the definitions public.

Our kernel currently defines two-argument versions of timespecadd and
timespecsub. NetBSD, OpenBSD, and FreeDesktop.org's libbsd, however, define
three-argument versions. Solaris also defines a three-argument version, but
only in its kernel. This revision changes our definition to match the
common three-argument version.

Bump _FreeBSD_version due to the breaking KPI change.

Discussed with: cem, jilles, ian, bde
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14725

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Revert r313780 (UFS_ prefix)

Prefix UFS symbols with UFS_ to reduce namespace pollution

Followup to r313780. Also prefix ext2's and nandfs's versions with
EXT2_ and NANDFS_.

Reported by: kib
Reviewed by: kib, mckusick
Sponsor

Prefix UFS symbols with UFS_ to reduce namespace pollution

Followup to r313780. Also prefix ext2's and nandfs's versions with
EXT2_ and NANDFS_.

Reported by: kib
Reviewed by: kib, mckusick
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D9623

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Refactoring of reading and writing of the UFS/FFS superblock.
Specifically reading is done if ffs_sbget() and writing is done
in ffs_sbput(). These functions are exported to libufs via the
sbget() an

Refactoring of reading and writing of the UFS/FFS superblock.
Specifically reading is done if ffs_sbget() and writing is done
in ffs_sbput(). These functions are exported to libufs via the
sbget() and sbput() functions which then used in the various
filesystem utilities. This work is in preparation for adding
subperblock check hashes.

No functional change intended.

Reviewed by: kib

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Fix architectures where pointer and u_int have different sizes

Reviewed by: imp
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14049

More throughly integrate libufs into fsck_ffs by using its cgput()
routine to write out the cylinder groups rather than recreating the
calculation of the cylinder-group check hash in fsck_ffs.

No fu

More throughly integrate libufs into fsck_ffs by using its cgput()
routine to write out the cylinder groups rather than recreating the
calculation of the cylinder-group check hash in fsck_ffs.

No functional change intended.

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Rename cgget => cglookup to clear name space for new libufs function cgget.
No functional change.

Merge ^/head r325999 through r326131.

General further adoption of SPDX licensing ID tags.

Mainly focus on files that use BSD 3-Clause license.

The Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) group provides a specification
to make it easier f

General further adoption of SPDX licensing ID tags.

Mainly focus on files that use BSD 3-Clause license.

The Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) group provides a specification
to make it easier for automated tools to detect and summarize well known
opensource licenses. We are gradually adopting the specification, noting
that the tags are considered only advisory and do not, in any way,
superceed or replace the license texts.

Special thanks to Wind River for providing access to "The Duke of
Highlander" tool: an older (2014) run over FreeBSD tree was useful as a
starting point.

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Merge ^/head r323559 through r325504.

MFhead@r320180

Continuing efforts to provide hardening of FFS, this change adds a
check hash to cylinder groups. If a check hash fails when a cylinder
group is read, no further allocations are attempted in that cyl

Continuing efforts to provide hardening of FFS, this change adds a
check hash to cylinder groups. If a check hash fails when a cylinder
group is read, no further allocations are attempted in that cylinder
group until it has been fixed by fsck. This avoids a class of
filesystem panics related to corrupted cylinder group maps. The
hash is done using crc32c.

Check hases are added only to UFS2 and not to UFS1 as UFS1 is primarily
used in embedded systems with small memories and low-powered processors
which need as light-weight a filesystem as possible.

Specifics of the changes:

sys/sys/buf.h:
Add BX_FSPRIV to reserve a set of eight b_xflags that may be used
by individual filesystems for their own purpose. Their specific
definitions are found in the header files for each filesystem
that uses them. Also add fields to struct buf as noted below.

sys/kern/vfs_bio.c:
It is only necessary to compute a check hash for a cylinder
group when it is actually read from disk. When calling bread,
you do not know whether the buffer was found in the cache or
read. So a new flag (GB_CKHASH) and a pointer to a function to
perform the hash has been added to breadn_flags to say that the
function should be called to calculate a hash if the data has
been read. The check hash is placed in b_ckhash and the B_CKHASH
flag is set to indicate that a read was done and a check hash
calculated. Though a rather elaborate mechanism, it should
also work for check hashing other metadata in the future. A
kernel internal API change was to change breada into a static
fucntion and add flags and a function pointer to a check-hash
function.

sys/ufs/ffs/fs.h:
Add flags for types of check hashes; stored in a new word in the
superblock. Define corresponding BX_ flags for the different types
of check hashes. Add a check hash word in the cylinder group.

sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c:
In ffs_getcg do the dance with breadn_flags to get a check hash and
if one is provided, check it.

sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_vfsops.c:
Copy across the BX_FFSTYPES flags in background writes.
Update the check hash when writing out buffers that need them.

sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_snapshot.c:
Recompute check hash when updating snapshot cylinder groups.

sys/libkern/crc32.c:
lib/libufs/Makefile:
lib/libufs/libufs.h:
lib/libufs/cgroup.c:
Include libkern/crc32.c in libufs and use it to compute check
hashes when updating cylinder groups.

Four utilities are affected:

sbin/newfs/mkfs.c:
Add the check hashes when building the cylinder groups.

sbin/fsck_ffs/fsck.h:
sbin/fsck_ffs/fsutil.c:
Verify and update check hashes when checking and writing cylinder groups.

sbin/fsck_ffs/pass5.c:
Offer to add check hashes to existing filesystems.
Precompute check hashes when rebuilding cylinder group
(although this will be done when it is written in fsutil.c
it is necessary to do it early before comparing with the old
cylinder group)

sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.c
Print out the new check hash flag(s)

sbin/fsdb/Makefile:
Needs to add libufs now used by pass5.c imported from fsck_ffs.

Reviewed by: kib
Tested by: Peter Holm (pho)

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Merge ^/head r314420 through r314481.