| boot_i386.8 (89aeb8ced9c8c5d772bf7348dfc02d046cb886dc) | boot_i386.8 (8dfcea8cc10e234fa62966dc11f54b72ee03d05e) |
|---|---|
| 1.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software written and contributed 5.\" to Berkeley by William Jolitz. 6.\" 7.\" Almost completely rewritten for FreeBSD 2.1 by Joerg Wunsch. 8.\" --- 22 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 31.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 36.\" 37.\" @(#)boot_i386.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 38.\" | 1.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software written and contributed 5.\" to Berkeley by William Jolitz. 6.\" 7.\" Almost completely rewritten for FreeBSD 2.1 by Joerg Wunsch. 8.\" --- 22 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 31.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 36.\" 37.\" @(#)boot_i386.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 38.\" |
| 39.\" $Id: boot_i386.8,v 1.14 1998/09/23 06:54:14 yokota Exp $ | 39.\" $Id: boot_i386.8,v 1.15 1999/01/06 14:19:09 rnordier Exp $ |
| 40.\" 41.Dd April 19, 1994 42.Dt BOOT 8 i386 43.Os 44.Sh NAME 45.Nm boot 46.Nd 47system bootstrapping procedures 48.Sh DESCRIPTION 49.Sy Power fail and crash recovery. 50Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes. 51An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed, 52and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations. 53.Pp 54.Sy Cold starts. | 40.\" 41.Dd April 19, 1994 42.Dt BOOT 8 i386 43.Os 44.Sh NAME 45.Nm boot 46.Nd 47system bootstrapping procedures 48.Sh DESCRIPTION 49.Sy Power fail and crash recovery. 50Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes. 51An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed, 52and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations. 53.Pp 54.Sy Cold starts. |
| 55Most 386 56.Tn "PC AT" 57clones attempt to boot the floppy disk drive 0 (otherwise known as 58drive A:) first, and failing that, attempt to boot the hard disk 59drive 0 (otherwise known as drive C:, 60or (confusingly) hard disk drive 1, or drive 0x80 in the BIOS). 61Some BIOSes let you change this default sequence or may include a CD-ROM | 55Most i386 PCs attempt to boot first from floppy disk drive 0 (sometimes 56known as drive A:) and, failing that, from hard disk drive 0 (sometimes 57known as drive C:, or as drive 0x80 to the BIOS). Some BIOSes allow 58you to change this default sequence, and may also include a CD-ROM |
| 62drive as a boot device. 63.Pp 64By default, a three-stage bootstrap is employed, and control is 65automatically passed from the boot blocks (bootstrap stages one and 66two) to a separate third-stage bootstrap program, 67.Pa /boot/loader . | 59drive as a boot device. 60.Pp 61By default, a three-stage bootstrap is employed, and control is 62automatically passed from the boot blocks (bootstrap stages one and 63two) to a separate third-stage bootstrap program, 64.Pa /boot/loader . |
| 68This third stage provides considerably more sophisticated control 69over the booting process than it is possible to achieve in the boot 70blocks, which are constrained by occupying limited fixed space on a 71given disk or slice. | 65This third stage provides more sophisticated control over the booting 66process than it is possible to achieve in the boot blocks, which are 67constrained by occupying limited fixed space on a given disk or slice. |
| 72.Pp 73However, it is possible to dispense with the third stage altogether, 74either by specifying a kernel name in the boot block parameter 75file, 76.Pa /boot.config , 77or by hitting a key during a brief pause (while one of the characters 78.Dv - , 79.Dv \e , 80.Dv \&| , 81or 82.Dv / 83is displayed) before 84.Pa /boot/loader 85is invoked. Booting will also be attempted at stage two, if the 86third stage cannot be loaded. 87.Pp 88The remainder of this subsection deals only with the boot blocks. 89At present, documentation of the third stage is chiefly | 68.Pp 69However, it is possible to dispense with the third stage altogether, 70either by specifying a kernel name in the boot block parameter 71file, 72.Pa /boot.config , 73or by hitting a key during a brief pause (while one of the characters 74.Dv - , 75.Dv \e , 76.Dv \&| , 77or 78.Dv / 79is displayed) before 80.Pa /boot/loader 81is invoked. Booting will also be attempted at stage two, if the 82third stage cannot be loaded. 83.Pp 84The remainder of this subsection deals only with the boot blocks. 85At present, documentation of the third stage is chiefly |
| 90available though online help in the | 86available through online help in the |
| 91.Pa /boot/loader 92program itself. 93.Pp 94After the boot blocks have been loaded, 95you should see a prompt similar to the following: 96.Bd -literal 97>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT 98Default: 0:wd(0,a)/kernel | 87.Pa /boot/loader 88program itself. 89.Pp 90After the boot blocks have been loaded, 91you should see a prompt similar to the following: 92.Bd -literal 93>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT 94Default: 0:wd(0,a)/kernel |
| 99 | |
| 100boot: 101.Ed 102.Pp | 95boot: 96.Ed 97.Pp |
| 103(You may see some tips printed on the screen too.) 104.Pp | |
| 105The automatic boot will attempt to load 106.Pa /kernel 107from partition 108.Ql a 109of either the floppy or the hard disk. 110This boot may be aborted by typing any character on the keyboard 111at the 112.Ql boot: 113prompt. At this time, the following input will be accepted: 114.Bl -tag -width 10x 115.It \&? 116Give a short listing of the files in the root directory of the default 117boot device, as a hint about available boot files. (A 118.Dv \&? 119may also be specified as the last segment of a path, in which case 120the listing will be of the relevant subdirectory.) | 98The automatic boot will attempt to load 99.Pa /kernel 100from partition 101.Ql a 102of either the floppy or the hard disk. 103This boot may be aborted by typing any character on the keyboard 104at the 105.Ql boot: 106prompt. At this time, the following input will be accepted: 107.Bl -tag -width 10x 108.It \&? 109Give a short listing of the files in the root directory of the default 110boot device, as a hint about available boot files. (A 111.Dv \&? 112may also be specified as the last segment of a path, in which case 113the listing will be of the relevant subdirectory.) |
| 121.It Op bios_drive:interface(unit,part) Op filename Op Fl aCcDdghPrsv | 114.Pp 115.It bios_drive:interface(unit,part) filename Op Fl aCcDdghPrsv |
| 122Specify boot file and flags. 123.Bl -tag -width 10x -compact 124.It bios_drive 125The drive number as recognized by the BIOS. 1260 for the first drive, 1 for the second drive, etc. 127.It interface 128The type of controller to boot from. Note that the controller is required 129to have BIOS support since the BIOS services are used to load the --- 17 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 147.It part 148The partition letter inside the BSD portion of the disk. See 149.Xr disklabel 8 . 150By convention, only partition 151.Ql a 152contains a bootable image. If sliced disks are used 153.Pq Dq fdisk partitions , 154any slice can be booted from, with the default being the active slice | 116Specify boot file and flags. 117.Bl -tag -width 10x -compact 118.It bios_drive 119The drive number as recognized by the BIOS. 1200 for the first drive, 1 for the second drive, etc. 121.It interface 122The type of controller to boot from. Note that the controller is required 123to have BIOS support since the BIOS services are used to load the --- 17 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 141.It part 142The partition letter inside the BSD portion of the disk. See 143.Xr disklabel 8 . 144By convention, only partition 145.Ql a 146contains a bootable image. If sliced disks are used 147.Pq Dq fdisk partitions , 148any slice can be booted from, with the default being the active slice |
| 155or, otherwise, the first slice. | 149or, otherwise, the first FreeBSD slice. |
| 156.It filename 157The pathname of the file to boot (relative to the root directory 158on the specified partition). Defaults to 159.Pa /kernel . 160Symbolic links are not supported (hard links are). 161.It Fl acCdDghPrsv 162Boot flags: 163.Bl -tag -width "-CXX" -compact --- 58 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 222the root password must be entered. 223.It Fl v 224be verbose during device probing (and later). 225.El 226.El 227.El 228.Pp 229You may put a BIOS drive number, a controller type, a unit number, | 150.It filename 151The pathname of the file to boot (relative to the root directory 152on the specified partition). Defaults to 153.Pa /kernel . 154Symbolic links are not supported (hard links are). 155.It Fl acCdDghPrsv 156Boot flags: 157.Bl -tag -width "-CXX" -compact --- 58 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 216the root password must be entered. 217.It Fl v 218be verbose during device probing (and later). 219.El 220.El 221.El 222.Pp 223You may put a BIOS drive number, a controller type, a unit number, |
| 230a partition, a kernel file name and the 231.Fl D, 232.Fl h 233or 234.Fl P 235options in | 224a partition, a kernel file name, and any valid option in |
| 236.Pa /boot.config | 225.Pa /boot.config |
| 237to set defaults. Write them in one line just as you type at the | 226to set defaults. Enter them in one line just as you type at the |
| 238.Ql boot: 239prompt. 240.Sh FILES 241.Bl -tag -width /kernel.old.config -compact 242.It Pa /boot.config 243parameters for the boot blocks (optional) | 227.Ql boot: 228prompt. 229.Sh FILES 230.Bl -tag -width /kernel.old.config -compact 231.It Pa /boot.config 232parameters for the boot blocks (optional) |
| 244.It Pa /boot.help 245help messages (optional) | |
| 246.It Pa /boot/loader 247third-stage bootstrap 248.It Pa /kernel 249default kernel 250.It Pa /kernel.old 251typical non-default kernel (optional) 252.El 253.Sh SEE ALSO 254.Xr ddb 4 , 255.Xr ttys 5 , | 233.It Pa /boot/loader 234third-stage bootstrap 235.It Pa /kernel 236default kernel 237.It Pa /kernel.old 238typical non-default kernel (optional) 239.El 240.Sh SEE ALSO 241.Xr ddb 4 , 242.Xr ttys 5 , |
| 243.Xr btxld 8 , |
|
| 256.Xr config 8 , 257.Xr disklabel 8 , 258.Xr halt 8 , 259.Xr reboot 8 , 260.Xr shutdown 8 261.Sh BUGS 262The disklabel format used by this version of 263.Bx 264is quite 265different from that of other architectures. 266.Pp | 244.Xr config 8 , 245.Xr disklabel 8 , 246.Xr halt 8 , 247.Xr reboot 8 , 248.Xr shutdown 8 249.Sh BUGS 250The disklabel format used by this version of 251.Bx 252is quite 253different from that of other architectures. 254.Pp |
| 267Some features are, as yet, undocumented. | 255Some features are not yet documented. |