1# tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 34# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 35# 36# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 37# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 38# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 39# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 40# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 41# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 42# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 43# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 44# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 45# 46# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 47# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 48# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 49# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 50# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 51# +01 WAT West Africa Time 52# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 53# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 54# cannot now come up with solid citations. 55# 56# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 57# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 58# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 59# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 60# +03 EAT East Africa Time 61# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 62# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 63# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 64# Corrections are welcome. 65 66# Algeria 67# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 68Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 70Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 75Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 77Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 83Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 88Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 89Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 90# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 91# more precise 0:09:21. 92# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 102 1:00 - CET 103 104# Angola 105# Benin 106# See Africa/Lagos. 107 108# Botswana 109# See Africa/Maputo. 110 111# Burkina Faso 112# See Africa/Abidjan. 113 114# Burundi 115# See Africa/Maputo. 116 117# Cameroon 118# See Africa/Lagos. 119 120# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 121# 122# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 123# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 124# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 125# (see Europe/Lisbon). 126# 127# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 129 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 130 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 131 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 132 -1:00 - -01 133 134# Central African Republic 135# See Africa/Lagos. 136 137# Chad 138# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 140 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 141 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 142 1:00 - WAT 143 144# Comoros 145# See Africa/Nairobi. 146 147# Democratic Republic of the Congo 148# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 149 150# Republic of the Congo 151# See Africa/Lagos. 152 153# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 154# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 155Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 156 0:00 - GMT 157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 165Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 166 167# Djibouti 168# See Africa/Nairobi. 169 170############################################################################### 171 172# Egypt 173 174# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 175# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 176# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 177# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 178 179# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 180Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 181Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 182Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 183Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 184Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 185Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 186Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 187Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 188Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 189Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 190Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 191Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 192Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 193Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 194Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 196Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 197Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 198Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 199# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 200# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 201 202# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 203# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 204# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 205# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 206# 207# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 208# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 209# or 210# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 211Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 212Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 213# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 214# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 215# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 216# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 217# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 218Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 219# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 220# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 221# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 222# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 223# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 224# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 225# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 226# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 227Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 228# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 229# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 230# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 231# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 232# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 233# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 234# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 235# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 236# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 237 238# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 239# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 240# 241# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 242# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 243# Apr 23 244# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 246# Apr 24 247# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 249# Aug 27 250# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 251# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 252# Aug 27 253# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 254# 255# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 256# :59) 257# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 258# 259# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 260# 261# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 262# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 263# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 264 265# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 266# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 267# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 268# in September. 269 270# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 271# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 272# Information and Decision Support Center: 273# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 274# 275# The Middle East News Agency 276# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 277# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 278# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 279# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 280# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 281# (at least today). 282 283# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 284# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 285# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 286# Ramadan. 287# 288# Arabic translation: 289# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 290# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 291# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 292 293# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 294# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 295# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 296 297# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 298# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 299 300# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 301# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 302# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 303# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 304# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 305# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 306# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 307# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 308# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 309# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 310# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 311# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 312 313# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 314# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 315# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 316# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 317# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 318# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 319 320# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 321# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 322# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 323# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 324# dates not yet announced.... 325# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 326# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 327 328# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 329# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 330# least for 2015. 331# 332# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 333# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 334# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 335# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 336# practice altogether in future years." 337# 338# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 339# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 340# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 341# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 342 343# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 344# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 345# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 346# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 347# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 348 349Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 350Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 351Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 352Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 353Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 354Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 355Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 356Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 357Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 358 359# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 360Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 361 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 362 363# Equatorial Guinea 364# See Africa/Lagos. 365 366# Eritrea 367# See Africa/Nairobi. 368 369# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 370# See Africa/Johannesburg. 371 372# Ethiopia 373# See Africa/Nairobi. 374# 375# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 376# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 377# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 378# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 379# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 380# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 381 382# Gabon 383# See Africa/Lagos. 384 385# Gambia 386# See Africa/Abidjan. 387 388# Ghana 389 390# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30): 391# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 392# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST, 393# with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00. 394# Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold 395# Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077 396# http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf 397# lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18, 398# "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes 399# during the last four months of each year; the object in view being 400# to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available 401# for evening recreation after office hours." 402# Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33, 403# writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich 404# time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of 405# UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists 406# the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24. 407# The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government 408# intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T. 409# The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced." 410# These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is 411# now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For 412# lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a 413# typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936. 414# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 415Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - 416Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 417# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 419 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 420 421# Guinea 422# See Africa/Abidjan. 423 424# Guinea-Bissau 425# 426# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 427# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 428# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 429# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 430# 431# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 432Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 433 -1:00 - -01 1975 434 0:00 - GMT 435 436# Kenya 437# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 439 3:00 - EAT 1930 440 2:30 - +0230 1940 441 2:45 - +0245 1960 442 3:00 - EAT 443Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 444Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 445Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 446Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 447Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 448Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 449Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 450Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 451Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 452 453# Lesotho 454# See Africa/Johannesburg. 455 456# Liberia 457# 458# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 459# 460# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 461# 462# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 463# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 464# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 465# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 466# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 467# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 468# 469# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 470# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 471# 472# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 473Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 474 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 475 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 476 0:00 - GMT 477 478############################################################################### 479 480# Libya 481 482# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 483# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 484# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 485# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 486# 487# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 488# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 489# 490# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 491# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 492# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 493# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 494# lastFri instead of lastSun). 495 496# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 497# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 498# cancelled yesterday.... 499# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 500# 501# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 502# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 503 504# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 505Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 506Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 507Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 508Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 509Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 510Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 511Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 512Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 513Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 514Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 515Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 516Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 517Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 518Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 519Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 520Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 521Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 522# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 523Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 524 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 525 2:00 - EET 1982 526 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 527# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 528# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 529 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 530 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 531 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 532 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 533 2:00 - EET 534 535# Madagascar 536# See Africa/Nairobi. 537 538# Malawi 539# See Africa/Maputo. 540 541# Mali 542# Mauritania 543# See Africa/Abidjan. 544 545# Mauritius 546 547# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 548# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 549# basis.... 550# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 551# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 552# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 553 554# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 555# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 556 557# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 558# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 559# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 560# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 561 562# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 563# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 564 565# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 566# According to 567# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 568# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 569# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 570# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 571# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 572# 573# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 574# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 575# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 576# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 577# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 578# changes two days later. 579 580# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 581# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 582# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 583# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 584# 585# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 586# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 587# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 588# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 589 590# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 591# The Government of Mauritius weblink 592# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 593# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 594# 595# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 596# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 597# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 598# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 599# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 600# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 601# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 602# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 603# and end on 29 March 2009. 604 605# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 606# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 607# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 608# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 609# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 610 611# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 612# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 613# DST the coming summer... 614# 615# Some sources, in French: 616# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 617# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 618# 619# Our wrap-up: 620# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 621 622# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 623# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 624# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 625# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 626 627# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 628Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 629Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 630Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 631Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 632# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 633Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 634 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 635# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 636# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 637 638# Mayotte 639# See Africa/Nairobi. 640 641# Morocco 642# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 643 644# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 645# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 646# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 647# 648# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 649# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 650# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 651# 652# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 653# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 654 655# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 656# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 657# Presse: 658# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 659# 660# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 661# spokesman. 662 663# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 664# According to this article: 665# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 666# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 667# the changes occur at midnight: 668# 669# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 670# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 671# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 672# 673# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 674# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 675# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 676# June 1st to Sept 27th. 677# 678# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 679# published on the web. 680# 681# It's also confirmed here: 682# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 683# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 684# posted in English). 685# 686# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 687# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 688 689# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 690# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 691# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 692# of September: 693# 694# One article about it (in French): 695# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 696# 697# We have some further details posted here: 698# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 699 700# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 701# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 702# to many sources, such as 703# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 704# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 705# (French) 706# 707# Our summary: 708# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 709 710# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 711# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 712# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 713# 714# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 715# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 716# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 717# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 718# 719# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 720# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 721 722# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 723# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 724# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 725# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 726# 727# Example: 728# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 729# (French) 730# Our page: 731# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 732 733# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 734# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 735# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 736# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 737# ...Official links of change in morocco 738# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 739# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 740# +212.537.71.84.00 741# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 742# They said that 743# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 744# is the official publication to look at. 745# They said that the decision was already taken. 746# 747# More articles in the press 748# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 749# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 750# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 751 752# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 753# They have it written in English here: 754# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 755# 756# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 757# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 758# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 759# also been like that in the past. 760 761# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 762# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 763# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 764# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 765# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 766# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 767# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 768# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 769# except the month of Ramadan. 770# or (brief) 771# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 772 773# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 774# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 775# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 776# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 777# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 778# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 779 780# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 781# Seen Morocco change again: 782# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 783# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 784# comme annoncé précédemment." 785 786# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 787# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 788# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 789# 790# Google translation, lightly edited: 791# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 792# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 793# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 794# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 795# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 796# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 797# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 798# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 799# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 800 801# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 802# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 803# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 804# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 805# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 806# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 807 808# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 809# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 810# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 811# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 812 813# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 814# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 815# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 816# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 817# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 818# source (French): 819# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 820# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 821# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 822 823# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 824# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 825 826# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 827# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 828# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 829# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 830# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 831 832# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 833# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 834# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 835# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 836# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 837# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 838# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 839# Source (french): 840# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 841# 842# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 843# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 844# 845# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 846# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 847# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 848# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 849# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 850# with the patch. 851 852# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 853# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 854# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 855# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 856# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 857# 858# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 859# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 860# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 861# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 862# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 863# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 864# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 865 866# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 867# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 868# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 869# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 870# 871# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-20): 872# This agrees with our 2018-11-01 guess that the Moroccan government 873# would continue the practice of falling back at 03:00 the last Sunday 874# before Ramadan, and of springing forward at 02:00 the first Sunday after 875# Ramadan, as this has been the practice since 2012. To implement this, 876# transition dates for 2019 through 2087 were determined by running the 877# following program under GNU Emacs 26.2. 878# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 879# (require 'cal-islam) 880# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 881# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 882# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 883# (sunday 0)) 884# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 885# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 886# (setq b (1+ b))) 887# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 888# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 889# (insert 890# (format 891# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 892# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 893# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 894# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 895# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 896 897# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 898Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 899Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 900Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 901Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 902Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 903Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 904Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 905Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 906Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 907Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 908Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 909Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 910Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 911Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 912Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 913Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 914Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 915Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 916Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 917Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 918Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 919Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 920Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 921Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 922Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 923Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 924Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 925Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 926Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 927Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 928Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 929Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 930Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 931Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 932Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 933Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 934Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 935Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 936Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 937Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 938Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 939Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 940Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 941Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 942Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 0 - 943Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 944Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 945Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 946Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 947Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 948Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 949Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 950Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 951Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 952Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 953Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 954Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 955Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 956Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 957Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 958Rule Morocco 2028 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 959Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 960Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 961Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 962Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 963Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 964Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - 965Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 966Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 967Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 968Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 969Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 970Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 971Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 972Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 973Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 974Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 975Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 976Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 977Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 978Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 979Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 980Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 981Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 982Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 983Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 984Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 985Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 986Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 987Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 988Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 989Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 990Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 991Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 992Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 993Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 994Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 995Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 996Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 5 2:00 0 - 997Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 998Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 999Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1000Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1001Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1002Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1003Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1004Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1005Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1006Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1007Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1008Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1009Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1010Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1011Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1012Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 10 2:00 0 - 1013Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1014Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1015Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1016Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1017Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1018Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1019Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1020Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1021Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1022Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 16 2:00 0 - 1023Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1024Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1025Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1026Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1027Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1028Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 12 2:00 0 - 1029Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1030Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1031Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1032Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 20 2:00 0 - 1033Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1034Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1035Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1036Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1037Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1038Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 19 2:00 0 - 1039Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1040Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1041Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1042Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1043Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1044Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 17 2:00 0 - 1045Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1046Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1047Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1048Rule Morocco 2071 only - Oct 25 2:00 0 - 1049Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1050Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1051Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1052Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1053Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1054Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 - 1055Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1056Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1057Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1058Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1059Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1060Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 22 2:00 0 - 1061Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1062Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1063Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1064Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jul 30 2:00 0 - 1065Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1066Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1067Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1068Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1069Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1070Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jun 28 2:00 0 - 1071Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1072Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1073Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1074Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1075Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1076Rule Morocco 2085 only - May 27 2:00 0 - 1077Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1078Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1079Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1080Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 4 2:00 0 - 1081# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1082# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1083# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1084# rules first. 1085 1086# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1087Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1088 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1089 1:00 - +01 1986 1090 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1091 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1092 1093# Western Sahara 1094# 1095# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1096# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1097# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1098# Morocco does. 1099# 1100# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1101# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1102# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1103 1104Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 1105 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1106 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1107 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1108 1109# Mozambique 1110# 1111# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1112# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1113# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1114# merely made it official? 1115# 1116# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1117Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1118 2:00 - CAT 1119Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 1120Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 1121Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 1122Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 1123Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 1124Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 1125Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 1126 1127 1128# Namibia 1129 1130# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1131# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1132# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1133# and includes this nugget: 1134# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1135# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1136# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1137# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1138 1139# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1140# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1141# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1142 1143# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1144# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1145# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1146# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1147# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1148# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1149# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1150# of the country. 1151# 1152# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1153# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1154# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1155# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1156# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1157# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1158 1159# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1160# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1161# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1162# This video is from the government decision: 1163# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1164# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1165# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1166# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1167 1168# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1169# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1170# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1171# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1172# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1173# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1174# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1175# with Namibia's neighbors. 1176 1177# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1178# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1179Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1180Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1181Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1182# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1183#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1184#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1185#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1186# End of rearguard section. 1187 1188# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1189Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1190 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1191 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1192 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1193 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1194# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1195 2:00 Namibia %s 1196# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1197# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1198# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1199# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1200# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1201# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1202# 2:00 - CAT 1203# End of rearguard section. 1204 1205# Niger 1206# See Africa/Lagos. 1207 1208# Nigeria 1209# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1210Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1211 1:00 - WAT 1212Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1213Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1214Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1215Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1216Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1217Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1218Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1219Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1220Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1221 1222# Réunion 1223# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1224Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1225 4:00 - +04 1226# 1227# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1228# 1229# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1230# The following information about them is taken from 1231# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1232# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1233# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1234# 1235# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1236# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1237# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1238# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1239# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1240 1241# Rwanda 1242# See Africa/Maputo. 1243 1244# St Helena 1245# See Africa/Abidjan. 1246# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1247# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1248# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1249# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1250# on GMT, says the CIA 1251# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1252 1253# São Tomé and Príncipe 1254 1255# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1256 1257# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1258# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1259# they entered the year 2018. 1260# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1261# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1262# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1263 1264# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1265# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1266# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1267# 1268# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1269# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1270# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1271# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1272 1273Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1274 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1275 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1276 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1277 0:00 - GMT 1278 1279# Senegal 1280# See Africa/Abidjan. 1281 1282# Seychelles 1283# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1284Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1285 4:00 - +04 1286# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1287# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1288# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1289# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1290# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1291# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1292 1293# Sierra Leone 1294# See Africa/Abidjan. 1295 1296# Somalia 1297# See Africa/Nairobi. 1298 1299# South Africa 1300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1301Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1302Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1303# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1304Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1305 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1306 2:00 SA SAST 1307Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1308Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Eswatini 1309# 1310# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1311# scientific station since 1947 1312# no information 1313 1314# Sudan 1315 1316# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1317# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1318# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1319# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1320# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1321# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1322 1323# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1324# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1325# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1326# 1327# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1328# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1329# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1330# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1331# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1332 1333# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1334Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1335Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1336Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1337Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1338# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1339Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1340 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1341 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1342 2:00 - CAT 1343 1344# South Sudan 1345# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1346Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1347 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1348 3:00 - EAT 1349 1350# Tanzania 1351# See Africa/Nairobi. 1352 1353# Togo 1354# See Africa/Abidjan. 1355 1356# Tunisia 1357 1358# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1359# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1360# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1361# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1362# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1363# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1364# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1365# Saturday." (My translation) 1366# 1367# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1368# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1369# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1370# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1371# 1h standard time. 1372# 1373# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1374# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1375# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1376# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1377# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1378 1379# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1380# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1381# (Arabic) 1382# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1383# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1384# 1385# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1386# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1387# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1388 1389# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1390# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1391# 1392# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1393# 1394# (in English) 1395# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1396# 1397# (in Arabic) 1398# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1399 1400# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1401# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1402# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1403# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1404# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1405# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1406 1407# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1408# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1409# 1410# (translation): 1411# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1412# Sunday... 1413# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1414# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1415# 1416# (in Arabic) 1417# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1418# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1419# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1420 1421# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1422Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1423Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1424Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1425Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1426Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1427Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1428Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1429Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1430Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1431Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1432Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1433Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1434Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1435Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1436Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1437Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1438Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1439Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1440Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1441Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1442Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1443Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1444Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1445Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1446Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1447 1448# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1449# more precise 0:09:21. 1450# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1451# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1452Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1453 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1454 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1455 1456# Uganda 1457# See Africa/Nairobi. 1458 1459# Zambia 1460# Zimbabwe 1461# See Africa/Maputo. 1462