storage@unit-address

The scsa2usb driver is a USBA (Solaris USB architecture) compliant nexus driver that supports the USB Mass Storage Bulk Only Transport Specification 1.0 and USB Control/Bulk/Interrupt (CBI) Transport Specification 1.0. The scsa2usb driver also supports USB storage devices that implement CBI Transport without the interrupt completion for status (that is, Control/Bulk (CB) devices.) It supports bus-powered and self-powered USB mass storage devices. This nexus driver is both a USB client driver and a SCSA HBA driver. As such, the scsa2usb driver only supports storage devices that utilize the above two transports.

The scsa2usb driver also supports a ugen(7D) interface allowing raw access to the device, for example by libusb(3LIB) applications, bypassing the child sd(7D) or st(7D) driver. Because a libusb application might change the state of the device, you should not access the disk or tape concurrently.

The scsa2usb nexus driver maps SCSA target driver requests to USBA client driver requests.

The scsa2usb driver creates a child device info node for each logical unit (LUN) on the mass storage device. The standard Solaris SCSI disk driver or tape driver is attached to those nodes. Refer to sd(7D) or st(7D).

This driver supports multiple LUN devices and creates a separate child device info node for each LUN. All child LUN nodes attach to sd(7D) for disks or st(7D) for tapes.

In previous releases, all USB disk storage devices were treated as removable media devices and managed by rmformat(1) and volume management software. In the current release, however, only disk storage devices with a removable bit (RMB) value of 1 are removable. (The RMB is part of the device's SCSI INQUIRY data.) See SCSI specifications T10/995D Revision 11a, T10/1236-D Revision 20 or T10/1416-D Revision 23 for more information. However, for backward compatibility, all USB disk storage devices can still be managed by rmformat(1). With or without a volume manager, you can mount, eject, hot remove and hot insert a 1394 mass storage device as the following sections explain.

Some devices may be supported by the USB mass storage driver even though they do not identify themselves as compliant with the USB mass storage class.

The scsa2usb.conf file contains an attribute-override-list that lists the vendor ID, product ID, and revision for matching mass storage devices, as well as fields for overriding the default device attributes. The entries in this list are commented out by default and may be uncommented to enable support of particular devices.

Follow the information given in the scsa2usb.conf file to see if a particular device can be supported using the override information. Also see http://www.sun.com/io. For example, by adding the following to the scsa2usb.conf file, many USB memory sticks and card readers might operate more reliably:

attribute-override-list = "vid=* reduced-cmd-support=true";

Note that this override applies to all USB mass storage devices and might be inappropriate for a USB CD writer. If so, you can add an entry for each device to the attribute override list.

If USB mass storage support is considered a security risk, this driver can be disabled in /etc/system as follows:

exclude: scsa2usb

Alternatively, you can disable automatic handling of a device as described in the following subsection.

Disk storage devices are managed by Volume Manager. Software that manages removable media creates a device nickname that can be listed with eject(1) or rmmount(1). A device that is not mounted automatically can be mounted using rmmount(1) under /rmdisk/label. Note that the mount(1M) and mount(1M) commands do not accept nicknames; you must use explicit device names with these commands.

See rmmount(1) to unmount the device and eject(1) to eject the media. If the device is ejected while it is mounted, volume management software unmounts the device before ejecting it. It also might kill any active applications that are accessing the device.

Volume management software is hotplug-aware and normally mounts file systems on USB mass storage devices if the file system is recognized. Before hot removing the USB device, use eject(1) to unmount the file system. After the device is removed, a console warning, such as "The disconnected device was busy, please reconnect," might display. The warning is harmless and you can ignore it.

You can disable the automatic mounting and unmounting of removable devices by inserting a entry for a removable device in /etc/vfstab. In this entry, you must set the mount at boot field to no. See vfstab(4). See the System Administration Guide, Volume I and Solaris Common Desktop Environment: User's Guide for details on how to manage a removable device with CDE and Removable Media Manager. See dtfile.1X under CDE for information on how to use Removable Media Manager.

Use mount(1M) to explicitly mount the device and umount(1M) to unmount the device. Use eject(1) to eject the media. After you have explicitly mounted a removable device, you cannot use a nickname as an argument to eject.

Removing the disk device while it is being accessed or mounted fails with a console warning. To hot remove the disk device from the system, unmount the file system, then kill all applications accessing the device. Next, hot remove the device. A storage device can be hot inserted at any time.

For a comprehensive listing of (non-bootable) USB mass-storage devices that are compatible with this driver, see www.sun.com/io.

Disk block special file names are located in /dev/dsk, while raw file names are located in /dev/rdsk. Tape raw file names are located in /dev/rmt. Input/output requests to the devices must follow the same restrictions as those for SCSI disks or tapes. Refer to sd(7D) or st(7D).

Refer to dkio(7I) and cdio(7I).

Refer to sd(7D) for disks or st(7D) for tapes.

The device special files for the USB mass storage device are created like those for a SCSI disk or SCSI tape. Refer to sd(7D) or st(7D). /dev/dsk/cntndnsn

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

cdrw(1), eject(1), rmformat(1), rmmount(1), cfgadm_scsi(1M), cfgadm_usb(1M), fdisk(1M), mount(1M), umount(1M), dtfile.1X (in CDE man pages), libusb(3LIB), scsi(4), vfstab(4), attributes(5), ieee1394(7D)sd(7D), st(7D), ugen(7D), usba(7D), pcfs(7FS), cdio(7I), dkio(7I)

Writing Device Drivers

System Administration Guide, Volume I

Solaris Common Desktop Environment: User's Guide

Universal Serial Bus Specification 2.0

Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class Specification Overview 1.0

Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class Bulk-Only Transport Specification 1.0

Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class Control/Bulk/Interrupt (CBI) Transport Specification 1.0

System Administration Guide: Basic Administration

SCSI Specification T10/995D Revision 11a \(em March 1997

SCSI SpecificationT10/1236-D Revision 20 \(em July 2001

SCSI SpecificationT10/1416-D Revision 23\(em May 2005

http://www.sun.com/io

Refer to sd(7D) and st(7D).

In addition to being logged, the following messages may appear on the system console. All messages are formatted in the following manner:

Warning: <device path> (scsa2usb<instance number>): Error Message...

The following messages may be logged into the system log. They are formatted in the following manner:

<device path><scsa2usb<instance number>): message...

vid=0x123 pid=0x456 reduced-cmd-support=true

 or

vid=* reduced-cmd-support=true

The Zip 100 drive does not comply with Universal Serial Bus Specification 1.0 and cannot be power managed. Power Management support for Zip 100 has been disabled.

If the system panics while a UFS file system is mounted on the mass storage media, no syncing will take place for the disk mass-storage device. (Syncing is not supported by the scsa2usb driver.) As a result, the file system on the media will not be consistent on reboot.

If a PCFS file system is mounted, no syncing is needed and the filesystem will be consistent on reboot.

If a mass-storage device is busy, system suspend cannot proceed and the system will immediately resume again.

Attempts to remove a mass-storage device from the system will fail. The failure will be logged to the console. An attempt to replace the removed device with some other USB device will also fail. To successfully remove a USB mass-storage device you must "close" all references to it.

An Iomega Zip 100Mb disk cannot be formatted on an Iomega Zip250 drive. See the Iomega web site at http://www.iomega.com for details.

Concurrent I/O to devices with multiple LUNs on the same device is not supported.

Some USB CD-RW devices may perform inadequately at their advertised speeds. To compensate, use USB CD-RW devices at lower speeds (2X versus 4X). See cdrw(1) for details.

This driver also supports CBI devices that do not use USB interrupt pipe for status completion.