xref: /linux/mm/memcontrol.c (revision 64405360cee33a058d7e07713af23aca43b96d41)

/* memcontrol.c - Memory Controller
 *
 * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2007
 * Author Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
 *
 * Copyright 2007 OpenVZ SWsoft Inc
 * Author: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
 *
 * Memory thresholds
 * Copyright (C) 2009 Nokia Corporation
 * Author: Kirill A. Shutemov
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 */

#include <linux/res_counter.h>
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
#include <linux/cgroup.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/page-flags.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/bit_spinlock.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/limits.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/eventfd.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/oom.h>
#include "internal.h"
#include <net/sock.h>
#include <net/tcp_memcontrol.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include <trace/events/vmscan.h>

struct cgroup_subsys mem_cgroup_subsys __read_mostly;
#define MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES	5
struct mem_cgroup *root_mem_cgroup __read_mostly;

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
/* Turned on only when memory cgroup is enabled && really_do_swap_account = 1 */
int do_swap_account __read_mostly;

/* for remember boot option*/
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP_ENABLED
static int really_do_swap_account __initdata = 1;
#else
static int really_do_swap_account __initdata = 0;
#endif

#else
#define do_swap_account		(0)
#endif


/*
 * Statistics for memory cgroup.
 */
enum mem_cgroup_stat_index {
	/*
	 * For MEM_CONTAINER_TYPE_ALL, usage = pagecache + rss.
	 */
	MEM_CGROUP_STAT_CACHE, 	   /* # of pages charged as cache */
	MEM_CGROUP_STAT_RSS,	   /* # of pages charged as anon rss */
	MEM_CGROUP_STAT_FILE_MAPPED,  /* # of pages charged as file rss */
	MEM_CGROUP_STAT_SWAPOUT, /* # of pages, swapped out */
	MEM_CGROUP_STAT_DATA, /* end of data requires synchronization */
	MEM_CGROUP_ON_MOVE,	/* someone is moving account between groups */
	MEM_CGROUP_STAT_NSTATS,
};

enum mem_cgroup_events_index {
	MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGPGIN,	/* # of pages paged in */
	MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGPGOUT,	/* # of pages paged out */
	MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_COUNT,	/* # of pages paged in/out */
	MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGFAULT,	/* # of page-faults */
	MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGMAJFAULT,	/* # of major page-faults */
	MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_NSTATS,
};
/*
 * Per memcg event counter is incremented at every pagein/pageout. With THP,
 * it will be incremated by the number of pages. This counter is used for
 * for trigger some periodic events. This is straightforward and better
 * than using jiffies etc. to handle periodic memcg event.
 */
enum mem_cgroup_events_target {
	MEM_CGROUP_TARGET_THRESH,
	MEM_CGROUP_TARGET_SOFTLIMIT,
	MEM_CGROUP_TARGET_NUMAINFO,
	MEM_CGROUP_NTARGETS,
};
#define THRESHOLDS_EVENTS_TARGET (128)
#define SOFTLIMIT_EVENTS_TARGET (1024)
#define NUMAINFO_EVENTS_TARGET	(1024)

struct mem_cgroup_stat_cpu {
	long count[MEM_CGROUP_STAT_NSTATS];
	unsigned long events[MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_NSTATS];
	unsigned long targets[MEM_CGROUP_NTARGETS];
};

struct mem_cgroup_reclaim_iter {
	/* css_id of the last scanned hierarchy member */
	int position;
	/* scan generation, increased every round-trip */
	unsigned int generation;
};

/*
 * per-zone information in memory controller.
 */
struct mem_cgroup_per_zone {
	struct lruvec		lruvec;
	unsigned long		count[NR_LRU_LISTS];

	struct mem_cgroup_reclaim_iter reclaim_iter[DEF_PRIORITY + 1];

	struct zone_reclaim_stat reclaim_stat;
	struct rb_node		tree_node;	/* RB tree node */
	unsigned long long	usage_in_excess;/* Set to the value by which */
						/* the soft limit is exceeded*/
	bool			on_tree;
	struct mem_cgroup	*mem;		/* Back pointer, we cannot */
						/* use container_of	   */
};
/* Macro for accessing counter */
#define MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, idx)	((mz)->count[(idx)])

struct mem_cgroup_per_node {
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone zoneinfo[MAX_NR_ZONES];
};

struct mem_cgroup_lru_info {
	struct mem_cgroup_per_node *nodeinfo[MAX_NUMNODES];
};

/*
 * Cgroups above their limits are maintained in a RB-Tree, independent of
 * their hierarchy representation
 */

struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone {
	struct rb_root rb_root;
	spinlock_t lock;
};

struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_node {
	struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone rb_tree_per_zone[MAX_NR_ZONES];
};

struct mem_cgroup_tree {
	struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_node *rb_tree_per_node[MAX_NUMNODES];
};

static struct mem_cgroup_tree soft_limit_tree __read_mostly;

struct mem_cgroup_threshold {
	struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd;
	u64 threshold;
};

/* For threshold */
struct mem_cgroup_threshold_ary {
	/* An array index points to threshold just below usage. */
	int current_threshold;
	/* Size of entries[] */
	unsigned int size;
	/* Array of thresholds */
	struct mem_cgroup_threshold entries[0];
};

struct mem_cgroup_thresholds {
	/* Primary thresholds array */
	struct mem_cgroup_threshold_ary *primary;
	/*
	 * Spare threshold array.
	 * This is needed to make mem_cgroup_unregister_event() "never fail".
	 * It must be able to store at least primary->size - 1 entries.
	 */
	struct mem_cgroup_threshold_ary *spare;
};

/* for OOM */
struct mem_cgroup_eventfd_list {
	struct list_head list;
	struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd;
};

static void mem_cgroup_threshold(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);
static void mem_cgroup_oom_notify(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);

/*
 * The memory controller data structure. The memory controller controls both
 * page cache and RSS per cgroup. We would eventually like to provide
 * statistics based on the statistics developed by Rik Van Riel for clock-pro,
 * to help the administrator determine what knobs to tune.
 *
 * TODO: Add a water mark for the memory controller. Reclaim will begin when
 * we hit the water mark. May be even add a low water mark, such that
 * no reclaim occurs from a cgroup at it's low water mark, this is
 * a feature that will be implemented much later in the future.
 */
struct mem_cgroup {
	struct cgroup_subsys_state css;
	/*
	 * the counter to account for memory usage
	 */
	struct res_counter res;

	union {
		/*
		 * the counter to account for mem+swap usage.
		 */
		struct res_counter memsw;

		/*
		 * rcu_freeing is used only when freeing struct mem_cgroup,
		 * so put it into a union to avoid wasting more memory.
		 * It must be disjoint from the css field.  It could be
		 * in a union with the res field, but res plays a much
		 * larger part in mem_cgroup life than memsw, and might
		 * be of interest, even at time of free, when debugging.
		 * So share rcu_head with the less interesting memsw.
		 */
		struct rcu_head rcu_freeing;
		/*
		 * But when using vfree(), that cannot be done at
		 * interrupt time, so we must then queue the work.
		 */
		struct work_struct work_freeing;
	};

	/*
	 * Per cgroup active and inactive list, similar to the
	 * per zone LRU lists.
	 */
	struct mem_cgroup_lru_info info;
	int last_scanned_node;
#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
	nodemask_t	scan_nodes;
	atomic_t	numainfo_events;
	atomic_t	numainfo_updating;
#endif
	/*
	 * Should the accounting and control be hierarchical, per subtree?
	 */
	bool use_hierarchy;

	bool		oom_lock;
	atomic_t	under_oom;

	atomic_t	refcnt;

	int	swappiness;
	/* OOM-Killer disable */
	int		oom_kill_disable;

	/* set when res.limit == memsw.limit */
	bool		memsw_is_minimum;

	/* protect arrays of thresholds */
	struct mutex thresholds_lock;

	/* thresholds for memory usage. RCU-protected */
	struct mem_cgroup_thresholds thresholds;

	/* thresholds for mem+swap usage. RCU-protected */
	struct mem_cgroup_thresholds memsw_thresholds;

	/* For oom notifier event fd */
	struct list_head oom_notify;

	/*
	 * Should we move charges of a task when a task is moved into this
	 * mem_cgroup ? And what type of charges should we move ?
	 */
	unsigned long 	move_charge_at_immigrate;
	/*
	 * percpu counter.
	 */
	struct mem_cgroup_stat_cpu *stat;
	/*
	 * used when a cpu is offlined or other synchronizations
	 * See mem_cgroup_read_stat().
	 */
	struct mem_cgroup_stat_cpu nocpu_base;
	spinlock_t pcp_counter_lock;

#ifdef CONFIG_INET
	struct tcp_memcontrol tcp_mem;
#endif
};

/* Stuffs for move charges at task migration. */
/*
 * Types of charges to be moved. "move_charge_at_immitgrate" is treated as a
 * left-shifted bitmap of these types.
 */
enum move_type {
	MOVE_CHARGE_TYPE_ANON,	/* private anonymous page and swap of it */
	MOVE_CHARGE_TYPE_FILE,	/* file page(including tmpfs) and swap of it */
	NR_MOVE_TYPE,
};

/* "mc" and its members are protected by cgroup_mutex */
static struct move_charge_struct {
	spinlock_t	  lock; /* for from, to */
	struct mem_cgroup *from;
	struct mem_cgroup *to;
	unsigned long precharge;
	unsigned long moved_charge;
	unsigned long moved_swap;
	struct task_struct *moving_task;	/* a task moving charges */
	wait_queue_head_t waitq;		/* a waitq for other context */
} mc = {
	.lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(mc.lock),
	.waitq = __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(mc.waitq),
};

static bool move_anon(void)
{
	return test_bit(MOVE_CHARGE_TYPE_ANON,
					&mc.to->move_charge_at_immigrate);
}

static bool move_file(void)
{
	return test_bit(MOVE_CHARGE_TYPE_FILE,
					&mc.to->move_charge_at_immigrate);
}

/*
 * Maximum loops in mem_cgroup_hierarchical_reclaim(), used for soft
 * limit reclaim to prevent infinite loops, if they ever occur.
 */
#define	MEM_CGROUP_MAX_RECLAIM_LOOPS		(100)
#define	MEM_CGROUP_MAX_SOFT_LIMIT_RECLAIM_LOOPS	(2)

enum charge_type {
	MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_CACHE = 0,
	MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED,
	MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SHMEM,	/* used by page migration of shmem */
	MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_FORCE,	/* used by force_empty */
	MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SWAPOUT,	/* for accounting swapcache */
	MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_DROP,	/* a page was unused swap cache */
	NR_CHARGE_TYPE,
};

/* for encoding cft->private value on file */
#define _MEM			(0)
#define _MEMSWAP		(1)
#define _OOM_TYPE		(2)
#define MEMFILE_PRIVATE(x, val)	(((x) << 16) | (val))
#define MEMFILE_TYPE(val)	(((val) >> 16) & 0xffff)
#define MEMFILE_ATTR(val)	((val) & 0xffff)
/* Used for OOM nofiier */
#define OOM_CONTROL		(0)

/*
 * Reclaim flags for mem_cgroup_hierarchical_reclaim
 */
#define MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_NOSWAP_BIT	0x0
#define MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_NOSWAP	(1 << MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_NOSWAP_BIT)
#define MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_SHRINK_BIT	0x1
#define MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_SHRINK	(1 << MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_SHRINK_BIT)

static void mem_cgroup_get(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);
static void mem_cgroup_put(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);

/* Writing them here to avoid exposing memcg's inner layout */
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_KMEM
#include <net/sock.h>
#include <net/ip.h>

static bool mem_cgroup_is_root(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);
void sock_update_memcg(struct sock *sk)
{
	if (mem_cgroup_sockets_enabled) {
		struct mem_cgroup *memcg;

		BUG_ON(!sk->sk_prot->proto_cgroup);

		/* Socket cloning can throw us here with sk_cgrp already
		 * filled. It won't however, necessarily happen from
		 * process context. So the test for root memcg given
		 * the current task's memcg won't help us in this case.
		 *
		 * Respecting the original socket's memcg is a better
		 * decision in this case.
		 */
		if (sk->sk_cgrp) {
			BUG_ON(mem_cgroup_is_root(sk->sk_cgrp->memcg));
			mem_cgroup_get(sk->sk_cgrp->memcg);
			return;
		}

		rcu_read_lock();
		memcg = mem_cgroup_from_task(current);
		if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg)) {
			mem_cgroup_get(memcg);
			sk->sk_cgrp = sk->sk_prot->proto_cgroup(memcg);
		}
		rcu_read_unlock();
	}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sock_update_memcg);

void sock_release_memcg(struct sock *sk)
{
	if (mem_cgroup_sockets_enabled && sk->sk_cgrp) {
		struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
		WARN_ON(!sk->sk_cgrp->memcg);
		memcg = sk->sk_cgrp->memcg;
		mem_cgroup_put(memcg);
	}
}

#ifdef CONFIG_INET
struct cg_proto *tcp_proto_cgroup(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	if (!memcg || mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg))
		return NULL;

	return &memcg->tcp_mem.cg_proto;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_proto_cgroup);
#endif /* CONFIG_INET */
#endif /* CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_KMEM */

static void drain_all_stock_async(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);

static struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *
mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int nid, int zid)
{
	return &memcg->info.nodeinfo[nid]->zoneinfo[zid];
}

struct cgroup_subsys_state *mem_cgroup_css(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	return &memcg->css;
}

static struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *
page_cgroup_zoneinfo(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct page *page)
{
	int nid = page_to_nid(page);
	int zid = page_zonenum(page);

	return mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, nid, zid);
}

static struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *
soft_limit_tree_node_zone(int nid, int zid)
{
	return &soft_limit_tree.rb_tree_per_node[nid]->rb_tree_per_zone[zid];
}

static struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *
soft_limit_tree_from_page(struct page *page)
{
	int nid = page_to_nid(page);
	int zid = page_zonenum(page);

	return &soft_limit_tree.rb_tree_per_node[nid]->rb_tree_per_zone[zid];
}

static void
__mem_cgroup_insert_exceeded(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
				struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz,
				struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *mctz,
				unsigned long long new_usage_in_excess)
{
	struct rb_node **p = &mctz->rb_root.rb_node;
	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz_node;

	if (mz->on_tree)
		return;

	mz->usage_in_excess = new_usage_in_excess;
	if (!mz->usage_in_excess)
		return;
	while (*p) {
		parent = *p;
		mz_node = rb_entry(parent, struct mem_cgroup_per_zone,
					tree_node);
		if (mz->usage_in_excess < mz_node->usage_in_excess)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		/*
		 * We can't avoid mem cgroups that are over their soft
		 * limit by the same amount
		 */
		else if (mz->usage_in_excess >= mz_node->usage_in_excess)
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
	}
	rb_link_node(&mz->tree_node, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&mz->tree_node, &mctz->rb_root);
	mz->on_tree = true;
}

static void
__mem_cgroup_remove_exceeded(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
				struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz,
				struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *mctz)
{
	if (!mz->on_tree)
		return;
	rb_erase(&mz->tree_node, &mctz->rb_root);
	mz->on_tree = false;
}

static void
mem_cgroup_remove_exceeded(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
				struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz,
				struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *mctz)
{
	spin_lock(&mctz->lock);
	__mem_cgroup_remove_exceeded(memcg, mz, mctz);
	spin_unlock(&mctz->lock);
}


static void mem_cgroup_update_tree(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct page *page)
{
	unsigned long long excess;
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
	struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *mctz;
	int nid = page_to_nid(page);
	int zid = page_zonenum(page);
	mctz = soft_limit_tree_from_page(page);

	/*
	 * Necessary to update all ancestors when hierarchy is used.
	 * because their event counter is not touched.
	 */
	for (; memcg; memcg = parent_mem_cgroup(memcg)) {
		mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, nid, zid);
		excess = res_counter_soft_limit_excess(&memcg->res);
		/*
		 * We have to update the tree if mz is on RB-tree or
		 * mem is over its softlimit.
		 */
		if (excess || mz->on_tree) {
			spin_lock(&mctz->lock);
			/* if on-tree, remove it */
			if (mz->on_tree)
				__mem_cgroup_remove_exceeded(memcg, mz, mctz);
			/*
			 * Insert again. mz->usage_in_excess will be updated.
			 * If excess is 0, no tree ops.
			 */
			__mem_cgroup_insert_exceeded(memcg, mz, mctz, excess);
			spin_unlock(&mctz->lock);
		}
	}
}

static void mem_cgroup_remove_from_trees(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	int node, zone;
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
	struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *mctz;

	for_each_node(node) {
		for (zone = 0; zone < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) {
			mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, node, zone);
			mctz = soft_limit_tree_node_zone(node, zone);
			mem_cgroup_remove_exceeded(memcg, mz, mctz);
		}
	}
}

static struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *
__mem_cgroup_largest_soft_limit_node(struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *mctz)
{
	struct rb_node *rightmost = NULL;
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;

retry:
	mz = NULL;
	rightmost = rb_last(&mctz->rb_root);
	if (!rightmost)
		goto done;		/* Nothing to reclaim from */

	mz = rb_entry(rightmost, struct mem_cgroup_per_zone, tree_node);
	/*
	 * Remove the node now but someone else can add it back,
	 * we will to add it back at the end of reclaim to its correct
	 * position in the tree.
	 */
	__mem_cgroup_remove_exceeded(mz->mem, mz, mctz);
	if (!res_counter_soft_limit_excess(&mz->mem->res) ||
		!css_tryget(&mz->mem->css))
		goto retry;
done:
	return mz;
}

static struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *
mem_cgroup_largest_soft_limit_node(struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *mctz)
{
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;

	spin_lock(&mctz->lock);
	mz = __mem_cgroup_largest_soft_limit_node(mctz);
	spin_unlock(&mctz->lock);
	return mz;
}

/*
 * Implementation Note: reading percpu statistics for memcg.
 *
 * Both of vmstat[] and percpu_counter has threshold and do periodic
 * synchronization to implement "quick" read. There are trade-off between
 * reading cost and precision of value. Then, we may have a chance to implement
 * a periodic synchronizion of counter in memcg's counter.
 *
 * But this _read() function is used for user interface now. The user accounts
 * memory usage by memory cgroup and he _always_ requires exact value because
 * he accounts memory. Even if we provide quick-and-fuzzy read, we always
 * have to visit all online cpus and make sum. So, for now, unnecessary
 * synchronization is not implemented. (just implemented for cpu hotplug)
 *
 * If there are kernel internal actions which can make use of some not-exact
 * value, and reading all cpu value can be performance bottleneck in some
 * common workload, threashold and synchonization as vmstat[] should be
 * implemented.
 */
static long mem_cgroup_read_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
				 enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx)
{
	long val = 0;
	int cpu;

	get_online_cpus();
	for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
		val += per_cpu(memcg->stat->count[idx], cpu);
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
	spin_lock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
	val += memcg->nocpu_base.count[idx];
	spin_unlock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
#endif
	put_online_cpus();
	return val;
}

static void mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
					 bool charge)
{
	int val = (charge) ? 1 : -1;
	this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[MEM_CGROUP_STAT_SWAPOUT], val);
}

static unsigned long mem_cgroup_read_events(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
					    enum mem_cgroup_events_index idx)
{
	unsigned long val = 0;
	int cpu;

	for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
		val += per_cpu(memcg->stat->events[idx], cpu);
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
	spin_lock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
	val += memcg->nocpu_base.events[idx];
	spin_unlock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
#endif
	return val;
}

static void mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
					 bool file, int nr_pages)
{
	preempt_disable();

	if (file)
		__this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[MEM_CGROUP_STAT_CACHE],
				nr_pages);
	else
		__this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[MEM_CGROUP_STAT_RSS],
				nr_pages);

	/* pagein of a big page is an event. So, ignore page size */
	if (nr_pages > 0)
		__this_cpu_inc(memcg->stat->events[MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGPGIN]);
	else {
		__this_cpu_inc(memcg->stat->events[MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGPGOUT]);
		nr_pages = -nr_pages; /* for event */
	}

	__this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->events[MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_COUNT], nr_pages);

	preempt_enable();
}

unsigned long
mem_cgroup_zone_nr_lru_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int nid, int zid,
			unsigned int lru_mask)
{
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
	enum lru_list l;
	unsigned long ret = 0;

	mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, nid, zid);

	for_each_lru(l) {
		if (BIT(l) & lru_mask)
			ret += MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, l);
	}
	return ret;
}

static unsigned long
mem_cgroup_node_nr_lru_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
			int nid, unsigned int lru_mask)
{
	u64 total = 0;
	int zid;

	for (zid = 0; zid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zid++)
		total += mem_cgroup_zone_nr_lru_pages(memcg,
						nid, zid, lru_mask);

	return total;
}

static unsigned long mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
			unsigned int lru_mask)
{
	int nid;
	u64 total = 0;

	for_each_node_state(nid, N_HIGH_MEMORY)
		total += mem_cgroup_node_nr_lru_pages(memcg, nid, lru_mask);
	return total;
}

static bool mem_cgroup_event_ratelimit(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
				       enum mem_cgroup_events_target target)
{
	unsigned long val, next;

	val = __this_cpu_read(memcg->stat->events[MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_COUNT]);
	next = __this_cpu_read(memcg->stat->targets[target]);
	/* from time_after() in jiffies.h */
	if ((long)next - (long)val < 0) {
		switch (target) {
		case MEM_CGROUP_TARGET_THRESH:
			next = val + THRESHOLDS_EVENTS_TARGET;
			break;
		case MEM_CGROUP_TARGET_SOFTLIMIT:
			next = val + SOFTLIMIT_EVENTS_TARGET;
			break;
		case MEM_CGROUP_TARGET_NUMAINFO:
			next = val + NUMAINFO_EVENTS_TARGET;
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
		__this_cpu_write(memcg->stat->targets[target], next);
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

/*
 * Check events in order.
 *
 */
static void memcg_check_events(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct page *page)
{
	preempt_disable();
	/* threshold event is triggered in finer grain than soft limit */
	if (unlikely(mem_cgroup_event_ratelimit(memcg,
						MEM_CGROUP_TARGET_THRESH))) {
		bool do_softlimit;
		bool do_numainfo __maybe_unused;

		do_softlimit = mem_cgroup_event_ratelimit(memcg,
						MEM_CGROUP_TARGET_SOFTLIMIT);
#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
		do_numainfo = mem_cgroup_event_ratelimit(memcg,
						MEM_CGROUP_TARGET_NUMAINFO);
#endif
		preempt_enable();

		mem_cgroup_threshold(memcg);
		if (unlikely(do_softlimit))
			mem_cgroup_update_tree(memcg, page);
#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
		if (unlikely(do_numainfo))
			atomic_inc(&memcg->numainfo_events);
#endif
	} else
		preempt_enable();
}

struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_from_cont(struct cgroup *cont)
{
	return container_of(cgroup_subsys_state(cont,
				mem_cgroup_subsys_id), struct mem_cgroup,
				css);
}

struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_from_task(struct task_struct *p)
{
	/*
	 * mm_update_next_owner() may clear mm->owner to NULL
	 * if it races with swapoff, page migration, etc.
	 * So this can be called with p == NULL.
	 */
	if (unlikely(!p))
		return NULL;

	return container_of(task_subsys_state(p, mem_cgroup_subsys_id),
				struct mem_cgroup, css);
}

struct mem_cgroup *try_get_mem_cgroup_from_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;

	if (!mm)
		return NULL;
	/*
	 * Because we have no locks, mm->owner's may be being moved to other
	 * cgroup. We use css_tryget() here even if this looks
	 * pessimistic (rather than adding locks here).
	 */
	rcu_read_lock();
	do {
		memcg = mem_cgroup_from_task(rcu_dereference(mm->owner));
		if (unlikely(!memcg))
			break;
	} while (!css_tryget(&memcg->css));
	rcu_read_unlock();
	return memcg;
}

/**
 * mem_cgroup_iter - iterate over memory cgroup hierarchy
 * @root: hierarchy root
 * @prev: previously returned memcg, NULL on first invocation
 * @reclaim: cookie for shared reclaim walks, NULL for full walks
 *
 * Returns references to children of the hierarchy below @root, or
 * @root itself, or %NULL after a full round-trip.
 *
 * Caller must pass the return value in @prev on subsequent
 * invocations for reference counting, or use mem_cgroup_iter_break()
 * to cancel a hierarchy walk before the round-trip is complete.
 *
 * Reclaimers can specify a zone and a priority level in @reclaim to
 * divide up the memcgs in the hierarchy among all concurrent
 * reclaimers operating on the same zone and priority.
 */
struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_iter(struct mem_cgroup *root,
				   struct mem_cgroup *prev,
				   struct mem_cgroup_reclaim_cookie *reclaim)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;
	int id = 0;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return NULL;

	if (!root)
		root = root_mem_cgroup;

	if (prev && !reclaim)
		id = css_id(&prev->css);

	if (prev && prev != root)
		css_put(&prev->css);

	if (!root->use_hierarchy && root != root_mem_cgroup) {
		if (prev)
			return NULL;
		return root;
	}

	while (!memcg) {
		struct mem_cgroup_reclaim_iter *uninitialized_var(iter);
		struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;

		if (reclaim) {
			int nid = zone_to_nid(reclaim->zone);
			int zid = zone_idx(reclaim->zone);
			struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;

			mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(root, nid, zid);
			iter = &mz->reclaim_iter[reclaim->priority];
			if (prev && reclaim->generation != iter->generation)
				return NULL;
			id = iter->position;
		}

		rcu_read_lock();
		css = css_get_next(&mem_cgroup_subsys, id + 1, &root->css, &id);
		if (css) {
			if (css == &root->css || css_tryget(css))
				memcg = container_of(css,
						     struct mem_cgroup, css);
		} else
			id = 0;
		rcu_read_unlock();

		if (reclaim) {
			iter->position = id;
			if (!css)
				iter->generation++;
			else if (!prev && memcg)
				reclaim->generation = iter->generation;
		}

		if (prev && !css)
			return NULL;
	}
	return memcg;
}

/**
 * mem_cgroup_iter_break - abort a hierarchy walk prematurely
 * @root: hierarchy root
 * @prev: last visited hierarchy member as returned by mem_cgroup_iter()
 */
void mem_cgroup_iter_break(struct mem_cgroup *root,
			   struct mem_cgroup *prev)
{
	if (!root)
		root = root_mem_cgroup;
	if (prev && prev != root)
		css_put(&prev->css);
}

/*
 * Iteration constructs for visiting all cgroups (under a tree).  If
 * loops are exited prematurely (break), mem_cgroup_iter_break() must
 * be used for reference counting.
 */
#define for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, root)		\
	for (iter = mem_cgroup_iter(root, NULL, NULL);	\
	     iter != NULL;				\
	     iter = mem_cgroup_iter(root, iter, NULL))

#define for_each_mem_cgroup(iter)			\
	for (iter = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, NULL, NULL);	\
	     iter != NULL;				\
	     iter = mem_cgroup_iter(NULL, iter, NULL))

static inline bool mem_cgroup_is_root(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	return (memcg == root_mem_cgroup);
}

void mem_cgroup_count_vm_event(struct mm_struct *mm, enum vm_event_item idx)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;

	if (!mm)
		return;

	rcu_read_lock();
	memcg = mem_cgroup_from_task(rcu_dereference(mm->owner));
	if (unlikely(!memcg))
		goto out;

	switch (idx) {
	case PGFAULT:
		this_cpu_inc(memcg->stat->events[MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGFAULT]);
		break;
	case PGMAJFAULT:
		this_cpu_inc(memcg->stat->events[MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGMAJFAULT]);
		break;
	default:
		BUG();
	}
out:
	rcu_read_unlock();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(mem_cgroup_count_vm_event);

/**
 * mem_cgroup_zone_lruvec - get the lru list vector for a zone and memcg
 * @zone: zone of the wanted lruvec
 * @mem: memcg of the wanted lruvec
 *
 * Returns the lru list vector holding pages for the given @zone and
 * @mem.  This can be the global zone lruvec, if the memory controller
 * is disabled.
 */
struct lruvec *mem_cgroup_zone_lruvec(struct zone *zone,
				      struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return &zone->lruvec;

	mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, zone_to_nid(zone), zone_idx(zone));
	return &mz->lruvec;
}

/*
 * Following LRU functions are allowed to be used without PCG_LOCK.
 * Operations are called by routine of global LRU independently from memcg.
 * What we have to take care of here is validness of pc->mem_cgroup.
 *
 * Changes to pc->mem_cgroup happens when
 * 1. charge
 * 2. moving account
 * In typical case, "charge" is done before add-to-lru. Exception is SwapCache.
 * It is added to LRU before charge.
 * If PCG_USED bit is not set, page_cgroup is not added to this private LRU.
 * When moving account, the page is not on LRU. It's isolated.
 */

/**
 * mem_cgroup_lru_add_list - account for adding an lru page and return lruvec
 * @zone: zone of the page
 * @page: the page
 * @lru: current lru
 *
 * This function accounts for @page being added to @lru, and returns
 * the lruvec for the given @zone and the memcg @page is charged to.
 *
 * The callsite is then responsible for physically linking the page to
 * the returned lruvec->lists[@lru].
 */
struct lruvec *mem_cgroup_lru_add_list(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
				       enum lru_list lru)
{
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
	struct page_cgroup *pc;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return &zone->lruvec;

	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
	memcg = pc->mem_cgroup;

	/*
	 * Surreptitiously switch any uncharged page to root:
	 * an uncharged page off lru does nothing to secure
	 * its former mem_cgroup from sudden removal.
	 *
	 * Our caller holds lru_lock, and PageCgroupUsed is updated
	 * under page_cgroup lock: between them, they make all uses
	 * of pc->mem_cgroup safe.
	 */
	if (!PageCgroupUsed(pc) && memcg != root_mem_cgroup)
		pc->mem_cgroup = memcg = root_mem_cgroup;

	mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, page);
	/* compound_order() is stabilized through lru_lock */
	MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, lru) += 1 << compound_order(page);
	return &mz->lruvec;
}

/**
 * mem_cgroup_lru_del_list - account for removing an lru page
 * @page: the page
 * @lru: target lru
 *
 * This function accounts for @page being removed from @lru.
 *
 * The callsite is then responsible for physically unlinking
 * @page->lru.
 */
void mem_cgroup_lru_del_list(struct page *page, enum lru_list lru)
{
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
	struct page_cgroup *pc;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return;

	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
	memcg = pc->mem_cgroup;
	VM_BUG_ON(!memcg);
	mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, page);
	/* huge page split is done under lru_lock. so, we have no races. */
	VM_BUG_ON(MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, lru) < (1 << compound_order(page)));
	MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, lru) -= 1 << compound_order(page);
}

void mem_cgroup_lru_del(struct page *page)
{
	mem_cgroup_lru_del_list(page, page_lru(page));
}

/**
 * mem_cgroup_lru_move_lists - account for moving a page between lrus
 * @zone: zone of the page
 * @page: the page
 * @from: current lru
 * @to: target lru
 *
 * This function accounts for @page being moved between the lrus @from
 * and @to, and returns the lruvec for the given @zone and the memcg
 * @page is charged to.
 *
 * The callsite is then responsible for physically relinking
 * @page->lru to the returned lruvec->lists[@to].
 */
struct lruvec *mem_cgroup_lru_move_lists(struct zone *zone,
					 struct page *page,
					 enum lru_list from,
					 enum lru_list to)
{
	/* XXX: Optimize this, especially for @from == @to */
	mem_cgroup_lru_del_list(page, from);
	return mem_cgroup_lru_add_list(zone, page, to);
}

/*
 * Checks whether given mem is same or in the root_mem_cgroup's
 * hierarchy subtree
 */
static bool mem_cgroup_same_or_subtree(const struct mem_cgroup *root_memcg,
		struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	if (root_memcg != memcg) {
		return (root_memcg->use_hierarchy &&
			css_is_ancestor(&memcg->css, &root_memcg->css));
	}

	return true;
}

int task_in_mem_cgroup(struct task_struct *task, const struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	int ret;
	struct mem_cgroup *curr = NULL;
	struct task_struct *p;

	p = find_lock_task_mm(task);
	if (p) {
		curr = try_get_mem_cgroup_from_mm(p->mm);
		task_unlock(p);
	} else {
		/*
		 * All threads may have already detached their mm's, but the oom
		 * killer still needs to detect if they have already been oom
		 * killed to prevent needlessly killing additional tasks.
		 */
		task_lock(task);
		curr = mem_cgroup_from_task(task);
		if (curr)
			css_get(&curr->css);
		task_unlock(task);
	}
	if (!curr)
		return 0;
	/*
	 * We should check use_hierarchy of "memcg" not "curr". Because checking
	 * use_hierarchy of "curr" here make this function true if hierarchy is
	 * enabled in "curr" and "curr" is a child of "memcg" in *cgroup*
	 * hierarchy(even if use_hierarchy is disabled in "memcg").
	 */
	ret = mem_cgroup_same_or_subtree(memcg, curr);
	css_put(&curr->css);
	return ret;
}

int mem_cgroup_inactive_anon_is_low(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned long inactive_ratio;
	int nid = zone_to_nid(zone);
	int zid = zone_idx(zone);
	unsigned long inactive;
	unsigned long active;
	unsigned long gb;

	inactive = mem_cgroup_zone_nr_lru_pages(memcg, nid, zid,
						BIT(LRU_INACTIVE_ANON));
	active = mem_cgroup_zone_nr_lru_pages(memcg, nid, zid,
					      BIT(LRU_ACTIVE_ANON));

	gb = (inactive + active) >> (30 - PAGE_SHIFT);
	if (gb)
		inactive_ratio = int_sqrt(10 * gb);
	else
		inactive_ratio = 1;

	return inactive * inactive_ratio < active;
}

int mem_cgroup_inactive_file_is_low(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned long active;
	unsigned long inactive;
	int zid = zone_idx(zone);
	int nid = zone_to_nid(zone);

	inactive = mem_cgroup_zone_nr_lru_pages(memcg, nid, zid,
						BIT(LRU_INACTIVE_FILE));
	active = mem_cgroup_zone_nr_lru_pages(memcg, nid, zid,
					      BIT(LRU_ACTIVE_FILE));

	return (active > inactive);
}

struct zone_reclaim_stat *mem_cgroup_get_reclaim_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
						      struct zone *zone)
{
	int nid = zone_to_nid(zone);
	int zid = zone_idx(zone);
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, nid, zid);

	return &mz->reclaim_stat;
}

struct zone_reclaim_stat *
mem_cgroup_get_reclaim_stat_from_page(struct page *page)
{
	struct page_cgroup *pc;
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return NULL;

	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
	if (!PageCgroupUsed(pc))
		return NULL;
	/* Ensure pc->mem_cgroup is visible after reading PCG_USED. */
	smp_rmb();
	mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(pc->mem_cgroup, page);
	return &mz->reclaim_stat;
}

#define mem_cgroup_from_res_counter(counter, member)	\
	container_of(counter, struct mem_cgroup, member)

/**
 * mem_cgroup_margin - calculate chargeable space of a memory cgroup
 * @mem: the memory cgroup
 *
 * Returns the maximum amount of memory @mem can be charged with, in
 * pages.
 */
static unsigned long mem_cgroup_margin(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	unsigned long long margin;

	margin = res_counter_margin(&memcg->res);
	if (do_swap_account)
		margin = min(margin, res_counter_margin(&memcg->memsw));
	return margin >> PAGE_SHIFT;
}

int mem_cgroup_swappiness(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	struct cgroup *cgrp = memcg->css.cgroup;

	/* root ? */
	if (cgrp->parent == NULL)
		return vm_swappiness;

	return memcg->swappiness;
}

static void mem_cgroup_start_move(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	int cpu;

	get_online_cpus();
	spin_lock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
	for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
		per_cpu(memcg->stat->count[MEM_CGROUP_ON_MOVE], cpu) += 1;
	memcg->nocpu_base.count[MEM_CGROUP_ON_MOVE] += 1;
	spin_unlock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
	put_online_cpus();

	synchronize_rcu();
}

static void mem_cgroup_end_move(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	int cpu;

	if (!memcg)
		return;
	get_online_cpus();
	spin_lock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
	for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
		per_cpu(memcg->stat->count[MEM_CGROUP_ON_MOVE], cpu) -= 1;
	memcg->nocpu_base.count[MEM_CGROUP_ON_MOVE] -= 1;
	spin_unlock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
	put_online_cpus();
}
/*
 * 2 routines for checking "mem" is under move_account() or not.
 *
 * mem_cgroup_stealed() - checking a cgroup is mc.from or not. This is used
 *			  for avoiding race in accounting. If true,
 *			  pc->mem_cgroup may be overwritten.
 *
 * mem_cgroup_under_move() - checking a cgroup is mc.from or mc.to or
 *			  under hierarchy of moving cgroups. This is for
 *			  waiting at hith-memory prressure caused by "move".
 */

static bool mem_cgroup_stealed(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	VM_BUG_ON(!rcu_read_lock_held());
	return this_cpu_read(memcg->stat->count[MEM_CGROUP_ON_MOVE]) > 0;
}

static bool mem_cgroup_under_move(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *from;
	struct mem_cgroup *to;
	bool ret = false;
	/*
	 * Unlike task_move routines, we access mc.to, mc.from not under
	 * mutual exclusion by cgroup_mutex. Here, we take spinlock instead.
	 */
	spin_lock(&mc.lock);
	from = mc.from;
	to = mc.to;
	if (!from)
		goto unlock;

	ret = mem_cgroup_same_or_subtree(memcg, from)
		|| mem_cgroup_same_or_subtree(memcg, to);
unlock:
	spin_unlock(&mc.lock);
	return ret;
}

static bool mem_cgroup_wait_acct_move(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	if (mc.moving_task && current != mc.moving_task) {
		if (mem_cgroup_under_move(memcg)) {
			DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
			prepare_to_wait(&mc.waitq, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
			/* moving charge context might have finished. */
			if (mc.moving_task)
				schedule();
			finish_wait(&mc.waitq, &wait);
			return true;
		}
	}
	return false;
}

/**
 * mem_cgroup_print_oom_info: Called from OOM with tasklist_lock held in read mode.
 * @memcg: The memory cgroup that went over limit
 * @p: Task that is going to be killed
 *
 * NOTE: @memcg and @p's mem_cgroup can be different when hierarchy is
 * enabled
 */
void mem_cgroup_print_oom_info(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct task_struct *p)
{
	struct cgroup *task_cgrp;
	struct cgroup *mem_cgrp;
	/*
	 * Need a buffer in BSS, can't rely on allocations. The code relies
	 * on the assumption that OOM is serialized for memory controller.
	 * If this assumption is broken, revisit this code.
	 */
	static char memcg_name[PATH_MAX];
	int ret;

	if (!memcg || !p)
		return;


	rcu_read_lock();

	mem_cgrp = memcg->css.cgroup;
	task_cgrp = task_cgroup(p, mem_cgroup_subsys_id);

	ret = cgroup_path(task_cgrp, memcg_name, PATH_MAX);
	if (ret < 0) {
		/*
		 * Unfortunately, we are unable to convert to a useful name
		 * But we'll still print out the usage information
		 */
		rcu_read_unlock();
		goto done;
	}
	rcu_read_unlock();

	printk(KERN_INFO "Task in %s killed", memcg_name);

	rcu_read_lock();
	ret = cgroup_path(mem_cgrp, memcg_name, PATH_MAX);
	if (ret < 0) {
		rcu_read_unlock();
		goto done;
	}
	rcu_read_unlock();

	/*
	 * Continues from above, so we don't need an KERN_ level
	 */
	printk(KERN_CONT " as a result of limit of %s\n", memcg_name);
done:

	printk(KERN_INFO "memory: usage %llukB, limit %llukB, failcnt %llu\n",
		res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_USAGE) >> 10,
		res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_LIMIT) >> 10,
		res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_FAILCNT));
	printk(KERN_INFO "memory+swap: usage %llukB, limit %llukB, "
		"failcnt %llu\n",
		res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_USAGE) >> 10,
		res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_LIMIT) >> 10,
		res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_FAILCNT));
}

/*
 * This function returns the number of memcg under hierarchy tree. Returns
 * 1(self count) if no children.
 */
static int mem_cgroup_count_children(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	int num = 0;
	struct mem_cgroup *iter;

	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg)
		num++;
	return num;
}

/*
 * Return the memory (and swap, if configured) limit for a memcg.
 */
u64 mem_cgroup_get_limit(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	u64 limit;
	u64 memsw;

	limit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_LIMIT);
	limit += total_swap_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;

	memsw = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_LIMIT);
	/*
	 * If memsw is finite and limits the amount of swap space available
	 * to this memcg, return that limit.
	 */
	return min(limit, memsw);
}

static unsigned long mem_cgroup_reclaim(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
					gfp_t gfp_mask,
					unsigned long flags)
{
	unsigned long total = 0;
	bool noswap = false;
	int loop;

	if (flags & MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_NOSWAP)
		noswap = true;
	if (!(flags & MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_SHRINK) && memcg->memsw_is_minimum)
		noswap = true;

	for (loop = 0; loop < MEM_CGROUP_MAX_RECLAIM_LOOPS; loop++) {
		if (loop)
			drain_all_stock_async(memcg);
		total += try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(memcg, gfp_mask, noswap);
		/*
		 * Allow limit shrinkers, which are triggered directly
		 * by userspace, to catch signals and stop reclaim
		 * after minimal progress, regardless of the margin.
		 */
		if (total && (flags & MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_SHRINK))
			break;
		if (mem_cgroup_margin(memcg))
			break;
		/*
		 * If nothing was reclaimed after two attempts, there
		 * may be no reclaimable pages in this hierarchy.
		 */
		if (loop && !total)
			break;
	}
	return total;
}

/**
 * test_mem_cgroup_node_reclaimable
 * @mem: the target memcg
 * @nid: the node ID to be checked.
 * @noswap : specify true here if the user wants flle only information.
 *
 * This function returns whether the specified memcg contains any
 * reclaimable pages on a node. Returns true if there are any reclaimable
 * pages in the node.
 */
static bool test_mem_cgroup_node_reclaimable(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
		int nid, bool noswap)
{
	if (mem_cgroup_node_nr_lru_pages(memcg, nid, LRU_ALL_FILE))
		return true;
	if (noswap || !total_swap_pages)
		return false;
	if (mem_cgroup_node_nr_lru_pages(memcg, nid, LRU_ALL_ANON))
		return true;
	return false;

}
#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1

/*
 * Always updating the nodemask is not very good - even if we have an empty
 * list or the wrong list here, we can start from some node and traverse all
 * nodes based on the zonelist. So update the list loosely once per 10 secs.
 *
 */
static void mem_cgroup_may_update_nodemask(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	int nid;
	/*
	 * numainfo_events > 0 means there was at least NUMAINFO_EVENTS_TARGET
	 * pagein/pageout changes since the last update.
	 */
	if (!atomic_read(&memcg->numainfo_events))
		return;
	if (atomic_inc_return(&memcg->numainfo_updating) > 1)
		return;

	/* make a nodemask where this memcg uses memory from */
	memcg->scan_nodes = node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY];

	for_each_node_mask(nid, node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]) {

		if (!test_mem_cgroup_node_reclaimable(memcg, nid, false))
			node_clear(nid, memcg->scan_nodes);
	}

	atomic_set(&memcg->numainfo_events, 0);
	atomic_set(&memcg->numainfo_updating, 0);
}

/*
 * Selecting a node where we start reclaim from. Because what we need is just
 * reducing usage counter, start from anywhere is O,K. Considering
 * memory reclaim from current node, there are pros. and cons.
 *
 * Freeing memory from current node means freeing memory from a node which
 * we'll use or we've used. So, it may make LRU bad. And if several threads
 * hit limits, it will see a contention on a node. But freeing from remote
 * node means more costs for memory reclaim because of memory latency.
 *
 * Now, we use round-robin. Better algorithm is welcomed.
 */
int mem_cgroup_select_victim_node(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	int node;

	mem_cgroup_may_update_nodemask(memcg);
	node = memcg->last_scanned_node;

	node = next_node(node, memcg->scan_nodes);
	if (node == MAX_NUMNODES)
		node = first_node(memcg->scan_nodes);
	/*
	 * We call this when we hit limit, not when pages are added to LRU.
	 * No LRU may hold pages because all pages are UNEVICTABLE or
	 * memcg is too small and all pages are not on LRU. In that case,
	 * we use curret node.
	 */
	if (unlikely(node == MAX_NUMNODES))
		node = numa_node_id();

	memcg->last_scanned_node = node;
	return node;
}

/*
 * Check all nodes whether it contains reclaimable pages or not.
 * For quick scan, we make use of scan_nodes. This will allow us to skip
 * unused nodes. But scan_nodes is lazily updated and may not cotain
 * enough new information. We need to do double check.
 */
bool mem_cgroup_reclaimable(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, bool noswap)
{
	int nid;

	/*
	 * quick check...making use of scan_node.
	 * We can skip unused nodes.
	 */
	if (!nodes_empty(memcg->scan_nodes)) {
		for (nid = first_node(memcg->scan_nodes);
		     nid < MAX_NUMNODES;
		     nid = next_node(nid, memcg->scan_nodes)) {

			if (test_mem_cgroup_node_reclaimable(memcg, nid, noswap))
				return true;
		}
	}
	/*
	 * Check rest of nodes.
	 */
	for_each_node_state(nid, N_HIGH_MEMORY) {
		if (node_isset(nid, memcg->scan_nodes))
			continue;
		if (test_mem_cgroup_node_reclaimable(memcg, nid, noswap))
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}

#else
int mem_cgroup_select_victim_node(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	return 0;
}

bool mem_cgroup_reclaimable(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, bool noswap)
{
	return test_mem_cgroup_node_reclaimable(memcg, 0, noswap);
}
#endif

static int mem_cgroup_soft_reclaim(struct mem_cgroup *root_memcg,
				   struct zone *zone,
				   gfp_t gfp_mask,
				   unsigned long *total_scanned)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *victim = NULL;
	int total = 0;
	int loop = 0;
	unsigned long excess;
	unsigned long nr_scanned;
	struct mem_cgroup_reclaim_cookie reclaim = {
		.zone = zone,
		.priority = 0,
	};

	excess = res_counter_soft_limit_excess(&root_memcg->res) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	while (1) {
		victim = mem_cgroup_iter(root_memcg, victim, &reclaim);
		if (!victim) {
			loop++;
			if (loop >= 2) {
				/*
				 * If we have not been able to reclaim
				 * anything, it might because there are
				 * no reclaimable pages under this hierarchy
				 */
				if (!total)
					break;
				/*
				 * We want to do more targeted reclaim.
				 * excess >> 2 is not to excessive so as to
				 * reclaim too much, nor too less that we keep
				 * coming back to reclaim from this cgroup
				 */
				if (total >= (excess >> 2) ||
					(loop > MEM_CGROUP_MAX_RECLAIM_LOOPS))
					break;
			}
			continue;
		}
		if (!mem_cgroup_reclaimable(victim, false))
			continue;
		total += mem_cgroup_shrink_node_zone(victim, gfp_mask, false,
						     zone, &nr_scanned);
		*total_scanned += nr_scanned;
		if (!res_counter_soft_limit_excess(&root_memcg->res))
			break;
	}
	mem_cgroup_iter_break(root_memcg, victim);
	return total;
}

/*
 * Check OOM-Killer is already running under our hierarchy.
 * If someone is running, return false.
 * Has to be called with memcg_oom_lock
 */
static bool mem_cgroup_oom_lock(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *iter, *failed = NULL;

	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg) {
		if (iter->oom_lock) {
			/*
			 * this subtree of our hierarchy is already locked
			 * so we cannot give a lock.
			 */
			failed = iter;
			mem_cgroup_iter_break(memcg, iter);
			break;
		} else
			iter->oom_lock = true;
	}

	if (!failed)
		return true;

	/*
	 * OK, we failed to lock the whole subtree so we have to clean up
	 * what we set up to the failing subtree
	 */
	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg) {
		if (iter == failed) {
			mem_cgroup_iter_break(memcg, iter);
			break;
		}
		iter->oom_lock = false;
	}
	return false;
}

/*
 * Has to be called with memcg_oom_lock
 */
static int mem_cgroup_oom_unlock(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *iter;

	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg)
		iter->oom_lock = false;
	return 0;
}

static void mem_cgroup_mark_under_oom(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *iter;

	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg)
		atomic_inc(&iter->under_oom);
}

static void mem_cgroup_unmark_under_oom(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *iter;

	/*
	 * When a new child is created while the hierarchy is under oom,
	 * mem_cgroup_oom_lock() may not be called. We have to use
	 * atomic_add_unless() here.
	 */
	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg)
		atomic_add_unless(&iter->under_oom, -1, 0);
}

static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(memcg_oom_lock);
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(memcg_oom_waitq);

struct oom_wait_info {
	struct mem_cgroup *mem;
	wait_queue_t	wait;
};

static int memcg_oom_wake_function(wait_queue_t *wait,
	unsigned mode, int sync, void *arg)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *wake_memcg = (struct mem_cgroup *)arg,
			  *oom_wait_memcg;
	struct oom_wait_info *oom_wait_info;

	oom_wait_info = container_of(wait, struct oom_wait_info, wait);
	oom_wait_memcg = oom_wait_info->mem;

	/*
	 * Both of oom_wait_info->mem and wake_mem are stable under us.
	 * Then we can use css_is_ancestor without taking care of RCU.
	 */
	if (!mem_cgroup_same_or_subtree(oom_wait_memcg, wake_memcg)
		&& !mem_cgroup_same_or_subtree(wake_memcg, oom_wait_memcg))
		return 0;
	return autoremove_wake_function(wait, mode, sync, arg);
}

static void memcg_wakeup_oom(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	/* for filtering, pass "memcg" as argument. */
	__wake_up(&memcg_oom_waitq, TASK_NORMAL, 0, memcg);
}

static void memcg_oom_recover(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	if (memcg && atomic_read(&memcg->under_oom))
		memcg_wakeup_oom(memcg);
}

/*
 * try to call OOM killer. returns false if we should exit memory-reclaim loop.
 */
bool mem_cgroup_handle_oom(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t mask)
{
	struct oom_wait_info owait;
	bool locked, need_to_kill;

	owait.mem = memcg;
	owait.wait.flags = 0;
	owait.wait.func = memcg_oom_wake_function;
	owait.wait.private = current;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&owait.wait.task_list);
	need_to_kill = true;
	mem_cgroup_mark_under_oom(memcg);

	/* At first, try to OOM lock hierarchy under memcg.*/
	spin_lock(&memcg_oom_lock);
	locked = mem_cgroup_oom_lock(memcg);
	/*
	 * Even if signal_pending(), we can't quit charge() loop without
	 * accounting. So, UNINTERRUPTIBLE is appropriate. But SIGKILL
	 * under OOM is always welcomed, use TASK_KILLABLE here.
	 */
	prepare_to_wait(&memcg_oom_waitq, &owait.wait, TASK_KILLABLE);
	if (!locked || memcg->oom_kill_disable)
		need_to_kill = false;
	if (locked)
		mem_cgroup_oom_notify(memcg);
	spin_unlock(&memcg_oom_lock);

	if (need_to_kill) {
		finish_wait(&memcg_oom_waitq, &owait.wait);
		mem_cgroup_out_of_memory(memcg, mask);
	} else {
		schedule();
		finish_wait(&memcg_oom_waitq, &owait.wait);
	}
	spin_lock(&memcg_oom_lock);
	if (locked)
		mem_cgroup_oom_unlock(memcg);
	memcg_wakeup_oom(memcg);
	spin_unlock(&memcg_oom_lock);

	mem_cgroup_unmark_under_oom(memcg);

	if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE) || fatal_signal_pending(current))
		return false;
	/* Give chance to dying process */
	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
	return true;
}

/*
 * Currently used to update mapped file statistics, but the routine can be
 * generalized to update other statistics as well.
 *
 * Notes: Race condition
 *
 * We usually use page_cgroup_lock() for accessing page_cgroup member but
 * it tends to be costly. But considering some conditions, we doesn't need
 * to do so _always_.
 *
 * Considering "charge", lock_page_cgroup() is not required because all
 * file-stat operations happen after a page is attached to radix-tree. There
 * are no race with "charge".
 *
 * Considering "uncharge", we know that memcg doesn't clear pc->mem_cgroup
 * at "uncharge" intentionally. So, we always see valid pc->mem_cgroup even
 * if there are race with "uncharge". Statistics itself is properly handled
 * by flags.
 *
 * Considering "move", this is an only case we see a race. To make the race
 * small, we check MEM_CGROUP_ON_MOVE percpu value and detect there are
 * possibility of race condition. If there is, we take a lock.
 */

void mem_cgroup_update_page_stat(struct page *page,
				 enum mem_cgroup_page_stat_item idx, int val)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
	struct page_cgroup *pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
	bool need_unlock = false;
	unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return;

	rcu_read_lock();
	memcg = pc->mem_cgroup;
	if (unlikely(!memcg || !PageCgroupUsed(pc)))
		goto out;
	/* pc->mem_cgroup is unstable ? */
	if (unlikely(mem_cgroup_stealed(memcg)) || PageTransHuge(page)) {
		/* take a lock against to access pc->mem_cgroup */
		move_lock_page_cgroup(pc, &flags);
		need_unlock = true;
		memcg = pc->mem_cgroup;
		if (!memcg || !PageCgroupUsed(pc))
			goto out;
	}

	switch (idx) {
	case MEMCG_NR_FILE_MAPPED:
		if (val > 0)
			SetPageCgroupFileMapped(pc);
		else if (!page_mapped(page))
			ClearPageCgroupFileMapped(pc);
		idx = MEM_CGROUP_STAT_FILE_MAPPED;
		break;
	default:
		BUG();
	}

	this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[idx], val);

out:
	if (unlikely(need_unlock))
		move_unlock_page_cgroup(pc, &flags);
	rcu_read_unlock();
	return;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(mem_cgroup_update_page_stat);

/*
 * size of first charge trial. "32" comes from vmscan.c's magic value.
 * TODO: maybe necessary to use big numbers in big irons.
 */
#define CHARGE_BATCH	32U
struct memcg_stock_pcp {
	struct mem_cgroup *cached; /* this never be root cgroup */
	unsigned int nr_pages;
	struct work_struct work;
	unsigned long flags;
#define FLUSHING_CACHED_CHARGE	(0)
};
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct memcg_stock_pcp, memcg_stock);
static DEFINE_MUTEX(percpu_charge_mutex);

/*
 * Try to consume stocked charge on this cpu. If success, one page is consumed
 * from local stock and true is returned. If the stock is 0 or charges from a
 * cgroup which is not current target, returns false. This stock will be
 * refilled.
 */
static bool consume_stock(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	struct memcg_stock_pcp *stock;
	bool ret = true;

	stock = &get_cpu_var(memcg_stock);
	if (memcg == stock->cached && stock->nr_pages)
		stock->nr_pages--;
	else /* need to call res_counter_charge */
		ret = false;
	put_cpu_var(memcg_stock);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Returns stocks cached in percpu to res_counter and reset cached information.
 */
static void drain_stock(struct memcg_stock_pcp *stock)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *old = stock->cached;

	if (stock->nr_pages) {
		unsigned long bytes = stock->nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE;

		res_counter_uncharge(&old->res, bytes);
		if (do_swap_account)
			res_counter_uncharge(&old->memsw, bytes);
		stock->nr_pages = 0;
	}
	stock->cached = NULL;
}

/*
 * This must be called under preempt disabled or must be called by
 * a thread which is pinned to local cpu.
 */
static void drain_local_stock(struct work_struct *dummy)
{
	struct memcg_stock_pcp *stock = &__get_cpu_var(memcg_stock);
	drain_stock(stock);
	clear_bit(FLUSHING_CACHED_CHARGE, &stock->flags);
}

/*
 * Cache charges(val) which is from res_counter, to local per_cpu area.
 * This will be consumed by consume_stock() function, later.
 */
static void refill_stock(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, unsigned int nr_pages)
{
	struct memcg_stock_pcp *stock = &get_cpu_var(memcg_stock);

	if (stock->cached != memcg) { /* reset if necessary */
		drain_stock(stock);
		stock->cached = memcg;
	}
	stock->nr_pages += nr_pages;
	put_cpu_var(memcg_stock);
}

/*
 * Drains all per-CPU charge caches for given root_memcg resp. subtree
 * of the hierarchy under it. sync flag says whether we should block
 * until the work is done.
 */
static void drain_all_stock(struct mem_cgroup *root_memcg, bool sync)
{
	int cpu, curcpu;

	/* Notify other cpus that system-wide "drain" is running */
	get_online_cpus();
	curcpu = get_cpu();
	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
		struct memcg_stock_pcp *stock = &per_cpu(memcg_stock, cpu);
		struct mem_cgroup *memcg;

		memcg = stock->cached;
		if (!memcg || !stock->nr_pages)
			continue;
		if (!mem_cgroup_same_or_subtree(root_memcg, memcg))
			continue;
		if (!test_and_set_bit(FLUSHING_CACHED_CHARGE, &stock->flags)) {
			if (cpu == curcpu)
				drain_local_stock(&stock->work);
			else
				schedule_work_on(cpu, &stock->work);
		}
	}
	put_cpu();

	if (!sync)
		goto out;

	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
		struct memcg_stock_pcp *stock = &per_cpu(memcg_stock, cpu);
		if (test_bit(FLUSHING_CACHED_CHARGE, &stock->flags))
			flush_work(&stock->work);
	}
out:
 	put_online_cpus();
}

/*
 * Tries to drain stocked charges in other cpus. This function is asynchronous
 * and just put a work per cpu for draining localy on each cpu. Caller can
 * expects some charges will be back to res_counter later but cannot wait for
 * it.
 */
static void drain_all_stock_async(struct mem_cgroup *root_memcg)
{
	/*
	 * If someone calls draining, avoid adding more kworker runs.
	 */
	if (!mutex_trylock(&percpu_charge_mutex))
		return;
	drain_all_stock(root_memcg, false);
	mutex_unlock(&percpu_charge_mutex);
}

/* This is a synchronous drain interface. */
static void drain_all_stock_sync(struct mem_cgroup *root_memcg)
{
	/* called when force_empty is called */
	mutex_lock(&percpu_charge_mutex);
	drain_all_stock(root_memcg, true);
	mutex_unlock(&percpu_charge_mutex);
}

/*
 * This function drains percpu counter value from DEAD cpu and
 * move it to local cpu. Note that this function can be preempted.
 */
static void mem_cgroup_drain_pcp_counter(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int cpu)
{
	int i;

	spin_lock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
	for (i = 0; i < MEM_CGROUP_STAT_DATA; i++) {
		long x = per_cpu(memcg->stat->count[i], cpu);

		per_cpu(memcg->stat->count[i], cpu) = 0;
		memcg->nocpu_base.count[i] += x;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_NSTATS; i++) {
		unsigned long x = per_cpu(memcg->stat->events[i], cpu);

		per_cpu(memcg->stat->events[i], cpu) = 0;
		memcg->nocpu_base.events[i] += x;
	}
	/* need to clear ON_MOVE value, works as a kind of lock. */
	per_cpu(memcg->stat->count[MEM_CGROUP_ON_MOVE], cpu) = 0;
	spin_unlock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
}

static void synchronize_mem_cgroup_on_move(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int cpu)
{
	int idx = MEM_CGROUP_ON_MOVE;

	spin_lock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
	per_cpu(memcg->stat->count[idx], cpu) = memcg->nocpu_base.count[idx];
	spin_unlock(&memcg->pcp_counter_lock);
}

static int __cpuinit memcg_cpu_hotplug_callback(struct notifier_block *nb,
					unsigned long action,
					void *hcpu)
{
	int cpu = (unsigned long)hcpu;
	struct memcg_stock_pcp *stock;
	struct mem_cgroup *iter;

	if ((action == CPU_ONLINE)) {
		for_each_mem_cgroup(iter)
			synchronize_mem_cgroup_on_move(iter, cpu);
		return NOTIFY_OK;
	}

	if ((action != CPU_DEAD) || action != CPU_DEAD_FROZEN)
		return NOTIFY_OK;

	for_each_mem_cgroup(iter)
		mem_cgroup_drain_pcp_counter(iter, cpu);

	stock = &per_cpu(memcg_stock, cpu);
	drain_stock(stock);
	return NOTIFY_OK;
}


/* See __mem_cgroup_try_charge() for details */
enum {
	CHARGE_OK,		/* success */
	CHARGE_RETRY,		/* need to retry but retry is not bad */
	CHARGE_NOMEM,		/* we can't do more. return -ENOMEM */
	CHARGE_WOULDBLOCK,	/* GFP_WAIT wasn't set and no enough res. */
	CHARGE_OOM_DIE,		/* the current is killed because of OOM */
};

static int mem_cgroup_do_charge(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t gfp_mask,
				unsigned int nr_pages, bool oom_check)
{
	unsigned long csize = nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE;
	struct mem_cgroup *mem_over_limit;
	struct res_counter *fail_res;
	unsigned long flags = 0;
	int ret;

	ret = res_counter_charge(&memcg->res, csize, &fail_res);

	if (likely(!ret)) {
		if (!do_swap_account)
			return CHARGE_OK;
		ret = res_counter_charge(&memcg->memsw, csize, &fail_res);
		if (likely(!ret))
			return CHARGE_OK;

		res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->res, csize);
		mem_over_limit = mem_cgroup_from_res_counter(fail_res, memsw);
		flags |= MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_NOSWAP;
	} else
		mem_over_limit = mem_cgroup_from_res_counter(fail_res, res);
	/*
	 * nr_pages can be either a huge page (HPAGE_PMD_NR), a batch
	 * of regular pages (CHARGE_BATCH), or a single regular page (1).
	 *
	 * Never reclaim on behalf of optional batching, retry with a
	 * single page instead.
	 */
	if (nr_pages == CHARGE_BATCH)
		return CHARGE_RETRY;

	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT))
		return CHARGE_WOULDBLOCK;

	ret = mem_cgroup_reclaim(mem_over_limit, gfp_mask, flags);
	if (mem_cgroup_margin(mem_over_limit) >= nr_pages)
		return CHARGE_RETRY;
	/*
	 * Even though the limit is exceeded at this point, reclaim
	 * may have been able to free some pages.  Retry the charge
	 * before killing the task.
	 *
	 * Only for regular pages, though: huge pages are rather
	 * unlikely to succeed so close to the limit, and we fall back
	 * to regular pages anyway in case of failure.
	 */
	if (nr_pages == 1 && ret)
		return CHARGE_RETRY;

	/*
	 * At task move, charge accounts can be doubly counted. So, it's
	 * better to wait until the end of task_move if something is going on.
	 */
	if (mem_cgroup_wait_acct_move(mem_over_limit))
		return CHARGE_RETRY;

	/* If we don't need to call oom-killer at el, return immediately */
	if (!oom_check)
		return CHARGE_NOMEM;
	/* check OOM */
	if (!mem_cgroup_handle_oom(mem_over_limit, gfp_mask))
		return CHARGE_OOM_DIE;

	return CHARGE_RETRY;
}

/*
 * __mem_cgroup_try_charge() does
 * 1. detect memcg to be charged against from passed *mm and *ptr,
 * 2. update res_counter
 * 3. call memory reclaim if necessary.
 *
 * In some special case, if the task is fatal, fatal_signal_pending() or
 * has TIF_MEMDIE, this function returns -EINTR while writing root_mem_cgroup
 * to *ptr. There are two reasons for this. 1: fatal threads should quit as soon
 * as possible without any hazards. 2: all pages should have a valid
 * pc->mem_cgroup. If mm is NULL and the caller doesn't pass a valid memcg
 * pointer, that is treated as a charge to root_mem_cgroup.
 *
 * So __mem_cgroup_try_charge() will return
 *  0       ...  on success, filling *ptr with a valid memcg pointer.
 *  -ENOMEM ...  charge failure because of resource limits.
 *  -EINTR  ...  if thread is fatal. *ptr is filled with root_mem_cgroup.
 *
 * Unlike the exported interface, an "oom" parameter is added. if oom==true,
 * the oom-killer can be invoked.
 */
static int __mem_cgroup_try_charge(struct mm_struct *mm,
				   gfp_t gfp_mask,
				   unsigned int nr_pages,
				   struct mem_cgroup **ptr,
				   bool oom)
{
	unsigned int batch = max(CHARGE_BATCH, nr_pages);
	int nr_oom_retries = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;
	int ret;

	/*
	 * Unlike gloval-vm's OOM-kill, we're not in memory shortage
	 * in system level. So, allow to go ahead dying process in addition to
	 * MEMDIE process.
	 */
	if (unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE)
		     || fatal_signal_pending(current)))
		goto bypass;

	/*
	 * We always charge the cgroup the mm_struct belongs to.
	 * The mm_struct's mem_cgroup changes on task migration if the
	 * thread group leader migrates. It's possible that mm is not
	 * set, if so charge the init_mm (happens for pagecache usage).
	 */
	if (!*ptr && !mm)
		*ptr = root_mem_cgroup;
again:
	if (*ptr) { /* css should be a valid one */
		memcg = *ptr;
		VM_BUG_ON(css_is_removed(&memcg->css));
		if (mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg))
			goto done;
		if (nr_pages == 1 && consume_stock(memcg))
			goto done;
		css_get(&memcg->css);
	} else {
		struct task_struct *p;

		rcu_read_lock();
		p = rcu_dereference(mm->owner);
		/*
		 * Because we don't have task_lock(), "p" can exit.
		 * In that case, "memcg" can point to root or p can be NULL with
		 * race with swapoff. Then, we have small risk of mis-accouning.
		 * But such kind of mis-account by race always happens because
		 * we don't have cgroup_mutex(). It's overkill and we allo that
		 * small race, here.
		 * (*) swapoff at el will charge against mm-struct not against
		 * task-struct. So, mm->owner can be NULL.
		 */
		memcg = mem_cgroup_from_task(p);
		if (!memcg)
			memcg = root_mem_cgroup;
		if (mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg)) {
			rcu_read_unlock();
			goto done;
		}
		if (nr_pages == 1 && consume_stock(memcg)) {
			/*
			 * It seems dagerous to access memcg without css_get().
			 * But considering how consume_stok works, it's not
			 * necessary. If consume_stock success, some charges
			 * from this memcg are cached on this cpu. So, we
			 * don't need to call css_get()/css_tryget() before
			 * calling consume_stock().
			 */
			rcu_read_unlock();
			goto done;
		}
		/* after here, we may be blocked. we need to get refcnt */
		if (!css_tryget(&memcg->css)) {
			rcu_read_unlock();
			goto again;
		}
		rcu_read_unlock();
	}

	do {
		bool oom_check;

		/* If killed, bypass charge */
		if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
			css_put(&memcg->css);
			goto bypass;
		}

		oom_check = false;
		if (oom && !nr_oom_retries) {
			oom_check = true;
			nr_oom_retries = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
		}

		ret = mem_cgroup_do_charge(memcg, gfp_mask, batch, oom_check);
		switch (ret) {
		case CHARGE_OK:
			break;
		case CHARGE_RETRY: /* not in OOM situation but retry */
			batch = nr_pages;
			css_put(&memcg->css);
			memcg = NULL;
			goto again;
		case CHARGE_WOULDBLOCK: /* !__GFP_WAIT */
			css_put(&memcg->css);
			goto nomem;
		case CHARGE_NOMEM: /* OOM routine works */
			if (!oom) {
				css_put(&memcg->css);
				goto nomem;
			}
			/* If oom, we never return -ENOMEM */
			nr_oom_retries--;
			break;
		case CHARGE_OOM_DIE: /* Killed by OOM Killer */
			css_put(&memcg->css);
			goto bypass;
		}
	} while (ret != CHARGE_OK);

	if (batch > nr_pages)
		refill_stock(memcg, batch - nr_pages);
	css_put(&memcg->css);
done:
	*ptr = memcg;
	return 0;
nomem:
	*ptr = NULL;
	return -ENOMEM;
bypass:
	*ptr = root_mem_cgroup;
	return -EINTR;
}

/*
 * Somemtimes we have to undo a charge we got by try_charge().
 * This function is for that and do uncharge, put css's refcnt.
 * gotten by try_charge().
 */
static void __mem_cgroup_cancel_charge(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
				       unsigned int nr_pages)
{
	if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg)) {
		unsigned long bytes = nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE;

		res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->res, bytes);
		if (do_swap_account)
			res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, bytes);
	}
}

/*
 * A helper function to get mem_cgroup from ID. must be called under
 * rcu_read_lock(). The caller must check css_is_removed() or some if
 * it's concern. (dropping refcnt from swap can be called against removed
 * memcg.)
 */
static struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_lookup(unsigned short id)
{
	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;

	/* ID 0 is unused ID */
	if (!id)
		return NULL;
	css = css_lookup(&mem_cgroup_subsys, id);
	if (!css)
		return NULL;
	return container_of(css, struct mem_cgroup, css);
}

struct mem_cgroup *try_get_mem_cgroup_from_page(struct page *page)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;
	struct page_cgroup *pc;
	unsigned short id;
	swp_entry_t ent;

	VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));

	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
	lock_page_cgroup(pc);
	if (PageCgroupUsed(pc)) {
		memcg = pc->mem_cgroup;
		if (memcg && !css_tryget(&memcg->css))
			memcg = NULL;
	} else if (PageSwapCache(page)) {
		ent.val = page_private(page);
		id = lookup_swap_cgroup_id(ent);
		rcu_read_lock();
		memcg = mem_cgroup_lookup(id);
		if (memcg && !css_tryget(&memcg->css))
			memcg = NULL;
		rcu_read_unlock();
	}
	unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
	return memcg;
}

static void __mem_cgroup_commit_charge(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
				       struct page *page,
				       unsigned int nr_pages,
				       struct page_cgroup *pc,
				       enum charge_type ctype,
				       bool lrucare)
{
	struct zone *uninitialized_var(zone);
	bool was_on_lru = false;

	lock_page_cgroup(pc);
	if (unlikely(PageCgroupUsed(pc))) {
		unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
		__mem_cgroup_cancel_charge(memcg, nr_pages);
		return;
	}
	/*
	 * we don't need page_cgroup_lock about tail pages, becase they are not
	 * accessed by any other context at this point.
	 */

	/*
	 * In some cases, SwapCache and FUSE(splice_buf->radixtree), the page
	 * may already be on some other mem_cgroup's LRU.  Take care of it.
	 */
	if (lrucare) {
		zone = page_zone(page);
		spin_lock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
		if (PageLRU(page)) {
			ClearPageLRU(page);
			del_page_from_lru_list(zone, page, page_lru(page));
			was_on_lru = true;
		}
	}

	pc->mem_cgroup = memcg;
	/*
	 * We access a page_cgroup asynchronously without lock_page_cgroup().
	 * Especially when a page_cgroup is taken from a page, pc->mem_cgroup
	 * is accessed after testing USED bit. To make pc->mem_cgroup visible
	 * before USED bit, we need memory barrier here.
	 * See mem_cgroup_add_lru_list(), etc.
 	 */
	smp_wmb();
	switch (ctype) {
	case MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_CACHE:
	case MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SHMEM:
		SetPageCgroupCache(pc);
		SetPageCgroupUsed(pc);
		break;
	case MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED:
		ClearPageCgroupCache(pc);
		SetPageCgroupUsed(pc);
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	if (lrucare) {
		if (was_on_lru) {
			VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page));
			SetPageLRU(page);
			add_page_to_lru_list(zone, page, page_lru(page));
		}
		spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
	}

	mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(memcg, PageCgroupCache(pc), nr_pages);
	unlock_page_cgroup(pc);

	/*
	 * "charge_statistics" updated event counter. Then, check it.
	 * Insert ancestor (and ancestor's ancestors), to softlimit RB-tree.
	 * if they exceeds softlimit.
	 */
	memcg_check_events(memcg, page);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE

#define PCGF_NOCOPY_AT_SPLIT ((1 << PCG_LOCK) | (1 << PCG_MOVE_LOCK) |\
			(1 << PCG_MIGRATION))
/*
 * Because tail pages are not marked as "used", set it. We're under
 * zone->lru_lock, 'splitting on pmd' and compound_lock.
 * charge/uncharge will be never happen and move_account() is done under
 * compound_lock(), so we don't have to take care of races.
 */
void mem_cgroup_split_huge_fixup(struct page *head)
{
	struct page_cgroup *head_pc = lookup_page_cgroup(head);
	struct page_cgroup *pc;
	int i;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return;
	for (i = 1; i < HPAGE_PMD_NR; i++) {
		pc = head_pc + i;
		pc->mem_cgroup = head_pc->mem_cgroup;
		smp_wmb();/* see __commit_charge() */
		pc->flags = head_pc->flags & ~PCGF_NOCOPY_AT_SPLIT;
	}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */

/**
 * mem_cgroup_move_account - move account of the page
 * @page: the page
 * @nr_pages: number of regular pages (>1 for huge pages)
 * @pc:	page_cgroup of the page.
 * @from: mem_cgroup which the page is moved from.
 * @to:	mem_cgroup which the page is moved to. @from != @to.
 * @uncharge: whether we should call uncharge and css_put against @from.
 *
 * The caller must confirm following.
 * - page is not on LRU (isolate_page() is useful.)
 * - compound_lock is held when nr_pages > 1
 *
 * This function doesn't do "charge" nor css_get to new cgroup. It should be
 * done by a caller(__mem_cgroup_try_charge would be useful). If @uncharge is
 * true, this function does "uncharge" from old cgroup, but it doesn't if
 * @uncharge is false, so a caller should do "uncharge".
 */
static int mem_cgroup_move_account(struct page *page,
				   unsigned int nr_pages,
				   struct page_cgroup *pc,
				   struct mem_cgroup *from,
				   struct mem_cgroup *to,
				   bool uncharge)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int ret;

	VM_BUG_ON(from == to);
	VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page));
	/*
	 * The page is isolated from LRU. So, collapse function
	 * will not handle this page. But page splitting can happen.
	 * Do this check under compound_page_lock(). The caller should
	 * hold it.
	 */
	ret = -EBUSY;
	if (nr_pages > 1 && !PageTransHuge(page))
		goto out;

	lock_page_cgroup(pc);

	ret = -EINVAL;
	if (!PageCgroupUsed(pc) || pc->mem_cgroup != from)
		goto unlock;

	move_lock_page_cgroup(pc, &flags);

	if (PageCgroupFileMapped(pc)) {
		/* Update mapped_file data for mem_cgroup */
		preempt_disable();
		__this_cpu_dec(from->stat->count[MEM_CGROUP_STAT_FILE_MAPPED]);
		__this_cpu_inc(to->stat->count[MEM_CGROUP_STAT_FILE_MAPPED]);
		preempt_enable();
	}
	mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(from, PageCgroupCache(pc), -nr_pages);
	if (uncharge)
		/* This is not "cancel", but cancel_charge does all we need. */
		__mem_cgroup_cancel_charge(from, nr_pages);

	/* caller should have done css_get */
	pc->mem_cgroup = to;
	mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(to, PageCgroupCache(pc), nr_pages);
	/*
	 * We charges against "to" which may not have any tasks. Then, "to"
	 * can be under rmdir(). But in current implementation, caller of
	 * this function is just force_empty() and move charge, so it's
	 * guaranteed that "to" is never removed. So, we don't check rmdir
	 * status here.
	 */
	move_unlock_page_cgroup(pc, &flags);
	ret = 0;
unlock:
	unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
	/*
	 * check events
	 */
	memcg_check_events(to, page);
	memcg_check_events(from, page);
out:
	return ret;
}

/*
 * move charges to its parent.
 */

static int mem_cgroup_move_parent(struct page *page,
				  struct page_cgroup *pc,
				  struct mem_cgroup *child,
				  gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	struct cgroup *cg = child->css.cgroup;
	struct cgroup *pcg = cg->parent;
	struct mem_cgroup *parent;
	unsigned int nr_pages;
	unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);
	int ret;

	/* Is ROOT ? */
	if (!pcg)
		return -EINVAL;

	ret = -EBUSY;
	if (!get_page_unless_zero(page))
		goto out;
	if (isolate_lru_page(page))
		goto put;

	nr_pages = hpage_nr_pages(page);

	parent = mem_cgroup_from_cont(pcg);
	ret = __mem_cgroup_try_charge(NULL, gfp_mask, nr_pages, &parent, false);
	if (ret)
		goto put_back;

	if (nr_pages > 1)
		flags = compound_lock_irqsave(page);

	ret = mem_cgroup_move_account(page, nr_pages, pc, child, parent, true);
	if (ret)
		__mem_cgroup_cancel_charge(parent, nr_pages);

	if (nr_pages > 1)
		compound_unlock_irqrestore(page, flags);
put_back:
	putback_lru_page(page);
put:
	put_page(page);
out:
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Charge the memory controller for page usage.
 * Return
 * 0 if the charge was successful
 * < 0 if the cgroup is over its limit
 */
static int mem_cgroup_charge_common(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm,
				gfp_t gfp_mask, enum charge_type ctype)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;
	unsigned int nr_pages = 1;
	struct page_cgroup *pc;
	bool oom = true;
	int ret;

	if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
		nr_pages <<= compound_order(page);
		VM_BUG_ON(!PageTransHuge(page));
		/*
		 * Never OOM-kill a process for a huge page.  The
		 * fault handler will fall back to regular pages.
		 */
		oom = false;
	}

	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
	ret = __mem_cgroup_try_charge(mm, gfp_mask, nr_pages, &memcg, oom);
	if (ret == -ENOMEM)
		return ret;
	__mem_cgroup_commit_charge(memcg, page, nr_pages, pc, ctype, false);
	return 0;
}

int mem_cgroup_newpage_charge(struct page *page,
			      struct mm_struct *mm, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return 0;
	VM_BUG_ON(page_mapped(page));
	VM_BUG_ON(page->mapping && !PageAnon(page));
	VM_BUG_ON(!mm);
	return mem_cgroup_charge_common(page, mm, gfp_mask,
					MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED);
}

static void
__mem_cgroup_commit_charge_swapin(struct page *page, struct mem_cgroup *ptr,
					enum charge_type ctype);

int mem_cgroup_cache_charge(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm,
				gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;
	enum charge_type type = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_CACHE;
	int ret;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return 0;
	if (PageCompound(page))
		return 0;

	if (unlikely(!mm))
		mm = &init_mm;
	if (!page_is_file_cache(page))
		type = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SHMEM;

	if (!PageSwapCache(page))
		ret = mem_cgroup_charge_common(page, mm, gfp_mask, type);
	else { /* page is swapcache/shmem */
		ret = mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin(mm, page, gfp_mask, &memcg);
		if (!ret)
			__mem_cgroup_commit_charge_swapin(page, memcg, type);
	}
	return ret;
}

/*
 * While swap-in, try_charge -> commit or cancel, the page is locked.
 * And when try_charge() successfully returns, one refcnt to memcg without
 * struct page_cgroup is acquired. This refcnt will be consumed by
 * "commit()" or removed by "cancel()"
 */
int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin(struct mm_struct *mm,
				 struct page *page,
				 gfp_t mask, struct mem_cgroup **memcgp)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
	int ret;

	*memcgp = NULL;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return 0;

	if (!do_swap_account)
		goto charge_cur_mm;
	/*
	 * A racing thread's fault, or swapoff, may have already updated
	 * the pte, and even removed page from swap cache: in those cases
	 * do_swap_page()'s pte_same() test will fail; but there's also a
	 * KSM case which does need to charge the page.
	 */
	if (!PageSwapCache(page))
		goto charge_cur_mm;
	memcg = try_get_mem_cgroup_from_page(page);
	if (!memcg)
		goto charge_cur_mm;
	*memcgp = memcg;
	ret = __mem_cgroup_try_charge(NULL, mask, 1, memcgp, true);
	css_put(&memcg->css);
	if (ret == -EINTR)
		ret = 0;
	return ret;
charge_cur_mm:
	if (unlikely(!mm))
		mm = &init_mm;
	ret = __mem_cgroup_try_charge(mm, mask, 1, memcgp, true);
	if (ret == -EINTR)
		ret = 0;
	return ret;
}

static void
__mem_cgroup_commit_charge_swapin(struct page *page, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
					enum charge_type ctype)
{
	struct page_cgroup *pc;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return;
	if (!memcg)
		return;
	cgroup_exclude_rmdir(&memcg->css);

	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
	__mem_cgroup_commit_charge(memcg, page, 1, pc, ctype, true);
	/*
	 * Now swap is on-memory. This means this page may be
	 * counted both as mem and swap....double count.
	 * Fix it by uncharging from memsw. Basically, this SwapCache is stable
	 * under lock_page(). But in do_swap_page()::memory.c, reuse_swap_page()
	 * may call delete_from_swap_cache() before reach here.
	 */
	if (do_swap_account && PageSwapCache(page)) {
		swp_entry_t ent = {.val = page_private(page)};
		struct mem_cgroup *swap_memcg;
		unsigned short id;

		id = swap_cgroup_record(ent, 0);
		rcu_read_lock();
		swap_memcg = mem_cgroup_lookup(id);
		if (swap_memcg) {
			/*
			 * This recorded memcg can be obsolete one. So, avoid
			 * calling css_tryget
			 */
			if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(swap_memcg))
				res_counter_uncharge(&swap_memcg->memsw,
						     PAGE_SIZE);
			mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(swap_memcg, false);
			mem_cgroup_put(swap_memcg);
		}
		rcu_read_unlock();
	}
	/*
	 * At swapin, we may charge account against cgroup which has no tasks.
	 * So, rmdir()->pre_destroy() can be called while we do this charge.
	 * In that case, we need to call pre_destroy() again. check it here.
	 */
	cgroup_release_and_wakeup_rmdir(&memcg->css);
}

void mem_cgroup_commit_charge_swapin(struct page *page,
				     struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	__mem_cgroup_commit_charge_swapin(page, memcg,
					  MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED);
}

void mem_cgroup_cancel_charge_swapin(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return;
	if (!memcg)
		return;
	__mem_cgroup_cancel_charge(memcg, 1);
}

static void mem_cgroup_do_uncharge(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
				   unsigned int nr_pages,
				   const enum charge_type ctype)
{
	struct memcg_batch_info *batch = NULL;
	bool uncharge_memsw = true;

	/* If swapout, usage of swap doesn't decrease */
	if (!do_swap_account || ctype == MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SWAPOUT)
		uncharge_memsw = false;

	batch = &current->memcg_batch;
	/*
	 * In usual, we do css_get() when we remember memcg pointer.
	 * But in this case, we keep res->usage until end of a series of
	 * uncharges. Then, it's ok to ignore memcg's refcnt.
	 */
	if (!batch->memcg)
		batch->memcg = memcg;
	/*
	 * do_batch > 0 when unmapping pages or inode invalidate/truncate.
	 * In those cases, all pages freed continuously can be expected to be in
	 * the same cgroup and we have chance to coalesce uncharges.
	 * But we do uncharge one by one if this is killed by OOM(TIF_MEMDIE)
	 * because we want to do uncharge as soon as possible.
	 */

	if (!batch->do_batch || test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE))
		goto direct_uncharge;

	if (nr_pages > 1)
		goto direct_uncharge;

	/*
	 * In typical case, batch->memcg == mem. This means we can
	 * merge a series of uncharges to an uncharge of res_counter.
	 * If not, we uncharge res_counter ony by one.
	 */
	if (batch->memcg != memcg)
		goto direct_uncharge;
	/* remember freed charge and uncharge it later */
	batch->nr_pages++;
	if (uncharge_memsw)
		batch->memsw_nr_pages++;
	return;
direct_uncharge:
	res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->res, nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
	if (uncharge_memsw)
		res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
	if (unlikely(batch->memcg != memcg))
		memcg_oom_recover(memcg);
	return;
}

/*
 * uncharge if !page_mapped(page)
 */
static struct mem_cgroup *
__mem_cgroup_uncharge_common(struct page *page, enum charge_type ctype)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;
	unsigned int nr_pages = 1;
	struct page_cgroup *pc;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return NULL;

	if (PageSwapCache(page))
		return NULL;

	if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
		nr_pages <<= compound_order(page);
		VM_BUG_ON(!PageTransHuge(page));
	}
	/*
	 * Check if our page_cgroup is valid
	 */
	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
	if (unlikely(!PageCgroupUsed(pc)))
		return NULL;

	lock_page_cgroup(pc);

	memcg = pc->mem_cgroup;

	if (!PageCgroupUsed(pc))
		goto unlock_out;

	switch (ctype) {
	case MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED:
	case MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_DROP:
		/* See mem_cgroup_prepare_migration() */
		if (page_mapped(page) || PageCgroupMigration(pc))
			goto unlock_out;
		break;
	case MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SWAPOUT:
		if (!PageAnon(page)) {	/* Shared memory */
			if (page->mapping && !page_is_file_cache(page))
				goto unlock_out;
		} else if (page_mapped(page)) /* Anon */
				goto unlock_out;
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(memcg, PageCgroupCache(pc), -nr_pages);

	ClearPageCgroupUsed(pc);
	/*
	 * pc->mem_cgroup is not cleared here. It will be accessed when it's
	 * freed from LRU. This is safe because uncharged page is expected not
	 * to be reused (freed soon). Exception is SwapCache, it's handled by
	 * special functions.
	 */

	unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
	/*
	 * even after unlock, we have memcg->res.usage here and this memcg
	 * will never be freed.
	 */
	memcg_check_events(memcg, page);
	if (do_swap_account && ctype == MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SWAPOUT) {
		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, true);
		mem_cgroup_get(memcg);
	}
	if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg))
		mem_cgroup_do_uncharge(memcg, nr_pages, ctype);

	return memcg;

unlock_out:
	unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
	return NULL;
}

void mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(struct page *page)
{
	/* early check. */
	if (page_mapped(page))
		return;
	VM_BUG_ON(page->mapping && !PageAnon(page));
	__mem_cgroup_uncharge_common(page, MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED);
}

void mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page(struct page *page)
{
	VM_BUG_ON(page_mapped(page));
	VM_BUG_ON(page->mapping);
	__mem_cgroup_uncharge_common(page, MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_CACHE);
}

/*
 * Batch_start/batch_end is called in unmap_page_range/invlidate/trucate.
 * In that cases, pages are freed continuously and we can expect pages
 * are in the same memcg. All these calls itself limits the number of
 * pages freed at once, then uncharge_start/end() is called properly.
 * This may be called prural(2) times in a context,
 */

void mem_cgroup_uncharge_start(void)
{
	current->memcg_batch.do_batch++;
	/* We can do nest. */
	if (current->memcg_batch.do_batch == 1) {
		current->memcg_batch.memcg = NULL;
		current->memcg_batch.nr_pages = 0;
		current->memcg_batch.memsw_nr_pages = 0;
	}
}

void mem_cgroup_uncharge_end(void)
{
	struct memcg_batch_info *batch = &current->memcg_batch;

	if (!batch->do_batch)
		return;

	batch->do_batch--;
	if (batch->do_batch) /* If stacked, do nothing. */
		return;

	if (!batch->memcg)
		return;
	/*
	 * This "batch->memcg" is valid without any css_get/put etc...
	 * bacause we hide charges behind us.
	 */
	if (batch->nr_pages)
		res_counter_uncharge(&batch->memcg->res,
				     batch->nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
	if (batch->memsw_nr_pages)
		res_counter_uncharge(&batch->memcg->memsw,
				     batch->memsw_nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
	memcg_oom_recover(batch->memcg);
	/* forget this pointer (for sanity check) */
	batch->memcg = NULL;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
/*
 * called after __delete_from_swap_cache() and drop "page" account.
 * memcg information is recorded to swap_cgroup of "ent"
 */
void
mem_cgroup_uncharge_swapcache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t ent, bool swapout)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
	int ctype = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SWAPOUT;

	if (!swapout) /* this was a swap cache but the swap is unused ! */
		ctype = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_DROP;

	memcg = __mem_cgroup_uncharge_common(page, ctype);

	/*
	 * record memcg information,  if swapout && memcg != NULL,
	 * mem_cgroup_get() was called in uncharge().
	 */
	if (do_swap_account && swapout && memcg)
		swap_cgroup_record(ent, css_id(&memcg->css));
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
/*
 * called from swap_entry_free(). remove record in swap_cgroup and
 * uncharge "memsw" account.
 */
void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t ent)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
	unsigned short id;

	if (!do_swap_account)
		return;

	id = swap_cgroup_record(ent, 0);
	rcu_read_lock();
	memcg = mem_cgroup_lookup(id);
	if (memcg) {
		/*
		 * We uncharge this because swap is freed.
		 * This memcg can be obsolete one. We avoid calling css_tryget
		 */
		if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg))
			res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, PAGE_SIZE);
		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, false);
		mem_cgroup_put(memcg);
	}
	rcu_read_unlock();
}

/**
 * mem_cgroup_move_swap_account - move swap charge and swap_cgroup's record.
 * @entry: swap entry to be moved
 * @from:  mem_cgroup which the entry is moved from
 * @to:  mem_cgroup which the entry is moved to
 * @need_fixup: whether we should fixup res_counters and refcounts.
 *
 * It succeeds only when the swap_cgroup's record for this entry is the same
 * as the mem_cgroup's id of @from.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -EINVAL on failure.
 *
 * The caller must have charged to @to, IOW, called res_counter_charge() about
 * both res and memsw, and called css_get().
 */
static int mem_cgroup_move_swap_account(swp_entry_t entry,
		struct mem_cgroup *from, struct mem_cgroup *to, bool need_fixup)
{
	unsigned short old_id, new_id;

	old_id = css_id(&from->css);
	new_id = css_id(&to->css);

	if (swap_cgroup_cmpxchg(entry, old_id, new_id) == old_id) {
		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(from, false);
		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(to, true);
		/*
		 * This function is only called from task migration context now.
		 * It postpones res_counter and refcount handling till the end
		 * of task migration(mem_cgroup_clear_mc()) for performance
		 * improvement. But we cannot postpone mem_cgroup_get(to)
		 * because if the process that has been moved to @to does
		 * swap-in, the refcount of @to might be decreased to 0.
		 */
		mem_cgroup_get(to);
		if (need_fixup) {
			if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(from))
				res_counter_uncharge(&from->memsw, PAGE_SIZE);
			mem_cgroup_put(from);
			/*
			 * we charged both to->res and to->memsw, so we should
			 * uncharge to->res.
			 */
			if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(to))
				res_counter_uncharge(&to->res, PAGE_SIZE);
		}
		return 0;
	}
	return -EINVAL;
}
#else
static inline int mem_cgroup_move_swap_account(swp_entry_t entry,
		struct mem_cgroup *from, struct mem_cgroup *to, bool need_fixup)
{
	return -EINVAL;
}
#endif

/*
 * Before starting migration, account PAGE_SIZE to mem_cgroup that the old
 * page belongs to.
 */
int mem_cgroup_prepare_migration(struct page *page,
	struct page *newpage, struct mem_cgroup **memcgp, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;
	struct page_cgroup *pc;
	enum charge_type ctype;
	int ret = 0;

	*memcgp = NULL;

	VM_BUG_ON(PageTransHuge(page));
	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return 0;

	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
	lock_page_cgroup(pc);
	if (PageCgroupUsed(pc)) {
		memcg = pc->mem_cgroup;
		css_get(&memcg->css);
		/*
		 * At migrating an anonymous page, its mapcount goes down
		 * to 0 and uncharge() will be called. But, even if it's fully
		 * unmapped, migration may fail and this page has to be
		 * charged again. We set MIGRATION flag here and delay uncharge
		 * until end_migration() is called
		 *
		 * Corner Case Thinking
		 * A)
		 * When the old page was mapped as Anon and it's unmap-and-freed
		 * while migration was ongoing.
		 * If unmap finds the old page, uncharge() of it will be delayed
		 * until end_migration(). If unmap finds a new page, it's
		 * uncharged when it make mapcount to be 1->0. If unmap code
		 * finds swap_migration_entry, the new page will not be mapped
		 * and end_migration() will find it(mapcount==0).
		 *
		 * B)
		 * When the old page was mapped but migraion fails, the kernel
		 * remaps it. A charge for it is kept by MIGRATION flag even
		 * if mapcount goes down to 0. We can do remap successfully
		 * without charging it again.
		 *
		 * C)
		 * The "old" page is under lock_page() until the end of
		 * migration, so, the old page itself will not be swapped-out.
		 * If the new page is swapped out before end_migraton, our
		 * hook to usual swap-out path will catch the event.
		 */
		if (PageAnon(page))
			SetPageCgroupMigration(pc);
	}
	unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
	/*
	 * If the page is not charged at this point,
	 * we return here.
	 */
	if (!memcg)
		return 0;

	*memcgp = memcg;
	ret = __mem_cgroup_try_charge(NULL, gfp_mask, 1, memcgp, false);
	css_put(&memcg->css);/* drop extra refcnt */
	if (ret) {
		if (PageAnon(page)) {
			lock_page_cgroup(pc);
			ClearPageCgroupMigration(pc);
			unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
			/*
			 * The old page may be fully unmapped while we kept it.
			 */
			mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(page);
		}
		/* we'll need to revisit this error code (we have -EINTR) */
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	/*
	 * We charge new page before it's used/mapped. So, even if unlock_page()
	 * is called before end_migration, we can catch all events on this new
	 * page. In the case new page is migrated but not remapped, new page's
	 * mapcount will be finally 0 and we call uncharge in end_migration().
	 */
	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(newpage);
	if (PageAnon(page))
		ctype = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_MAPPED;
	else if (page_is_file_cache(page))
		ctype = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_CACHE;
	else
		ctype = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SHMEM;
	__mem_cgroup_commit_charge(memcg, newpage, 1, pc, ctype, false);
	return ret;
}

/* remove redundant charge if migration failed*/
void mem_cgroup_end_migration(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
	struct page *oldpage, struct page *newpage, bool migration_ok)
{
	struct page *used, *unused;
	struct page_cgroup *pc;

	if (!memcg)
		return;
	/* blocks rmdir() */
	cgroup_exclude_rmdir(&memcg->css);
	if (!migration_ok) {
		used = oldpage;
		unused = newpage;
	} else {
		used = newpage;
		unused = oldpage;
	}
	/*
	 * We disallowed uncharge of pages under migration because mapcount
	 * of the page goes down to zero, temporarly.
	 * Clear the flag and check the page should be charged.
	 */
	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(oldpage);
	lock_page_cgroup(pc);
	ClearPageCgroupMigration(pc);
	unlock_page_cgroup(pc);

	__mem_cgroup_uncharge_common(unused, MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_FORCE);

	/*
	 * If a page is a file cache, radix-tree replacement is very atomic
	 * and we can skip this check. When it was an Anon page, its mapcount
	 * goes down to 0. But because we added MIGRATION flage, it's not
	 * uncharged yet. There are several case but page->mapcount check
	 * and USED bit check in mem_cgroup_uncharge_page() will do enough
	 * check. (see prepare_charge() also)
	 */
	if (PageAnon(used))
		mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(used);
	/*
	 * At migration, we may charge account against cgroup which has no
	 * tasks.
	 * So, rmdir()->pre_destroy() can be called while we do this charge.
	 * In that case, we need to call pre_destroy() again. check it here.
	 */
	cgroup_release_and_wakeup_rmdir(&memcg->css);
}

/*
 * At replace page cache, newpage is not under any memcg but it's on
 * LRU. So, this function doesn't touch res_counter but handles LRU
 * in correct way. Both pages are locked so we cannot race with uncharge.
 */
void mem_cgroup_replace_page_cache(struct page *oldpage,
				  struct page *newpage)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
	struct page_cgroup *pc;
	enum charge_type type = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_CACHE;

	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return;

	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(oldpage);
	/* fix accounting on old pages */
	lock_page_cgroup(pc);
	memcg = pc->mem_cgroup;
	mem_cgroup_charge_statistics(memcg, PageCgroupCache(pc), -1);
	ClearPageCgroupUsed(pc);
	unlock_page_cgroup(pc);

	if (PageSwapBacked(oldpage))
		type = MEM_CGROUP_CHARGE_TYPE_SHMEM;

	/*
	 * Even if newpage->mapping was NULL before starting replacement,
	 * the newpage may be on LRU(or pagevec for LRU) already. We lock
	 * LRU while we overwrite pc->mem_cgroup.
	 */
	__mem_cgroup_commit_charge(memcg, newpage, 1, pc, type, true);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
static struct page_cgroup *lookup_page_cgroup_used(struct page *page)
{
	struct page_cgroup *pc;

	pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
	/*
	 * Can be NULL while feeding pages into the page allocator for
	 * the first time, i.e. during boot or memory hotplug;
	 * or when mem_cgroup_disabled().
	 */
	if (likely(pc) && PageCgroupUsed(pc))
		return pc;
	return NULL;
}

bool mem_cgroup_bad_page_check(struct page *page)
{
	if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
		return false;

	return lookup_page_cgroup_used(page) != NULL;
}

void mem_cgroup_print_bad_page(struct page *page)
{
	struct page_cgroup *pc;

	pc = lookup_page_cgroup_used(page);
	if (pc) {
		printk(KERN_ALERT "pc:%p pc->flags:%lx pc->mem_cgroup:%p\n",
		       pc, pc->flags, pc->mem_cgroup);
	}
}
#endif

static DEFINE_MUTEX(set_limit_mutex);

static int mem_cgroup_resize_limit(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
				unsigned long long val)
{
	int retry_count;
	u64 memswlimit, memlimit;
	int ret = 0;
	int children = mem_cgroup_count_children(memcg);
	u64 curusage, oldusage;
	int enlarge;

	/*
	 * For keeping hierarchical_reclaim simple, how long we should retry
	 * is depends on callers. We set our retry-count to be function
	 * of # of children which we should visit in this loop.
	 */
	retry_count = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES * children;

	oldusage = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_USAGE);

	enlarge = 0;
	while (retry_count) {
		if (signal_pending(current)) {
			ret = -EINTR;
			break;
		}
		/*
		 * Rather than hide all in some function, I do this in
		 * open coded manner. You see what this really does.
		 * We have to guarantee memcg->res.limit < memcg->memsw.limit.
		 */
		mutex_lock(&set_limit_mutex);
		memswlimit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_LIMIT);
		if (memswlimit < val) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			mutex_unlock(&set_limit_mutex);
			break;
		}

		memlimit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_LIMIT);
		if (memlimit < val)
			enlarge = 1;

		ret = res_counter_set_limit(&memcg->res, val);
		if (!ret) {
			if (memswlimit == val)
				memcg->memsw_is_minimum = true;
			else
				memcg->memsw_is_minimum = false;
		}
		mutex_unlock(&set_limit_mutex);

		if (!ret)
			break;

		mem_cgroup_reclaim(memcg, GFP_KERNEL,
				   MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_SHRINK);
		curusage = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_USAGE);
		/* Usage is reduced ? */
  		if (curusage >= oldusage)
			retry_count--;
		else
			oldusage = curusage;
	}
	if (!ret && enlarge)
		memcg_oom_recover(memcg);

	return ret;
}

static int mem_cgroup_resize_memsw_limit(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
					unsigned long long val)
{
	int retry_count;
	u64 memlimit, memswlimit, oldusage, curusage;
	int children = mem_cgroup_count_children(memcg);
	int ret = -EBUSY;
	int enlarge = 0;

	/* see mem_cgroup_resize_res_limit */
 	retry_count = children * MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
	oldusage = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_USAGE);
	while (retry_count) {
		if (signal_pending(current)) {
			ret = -EINTR;
			break;
		}
		/*
		 * Rather than hide all in some function, I do this in
		 * open coded manner. You see what this really does.
		 * We have to guarantee memcg->res.limit < memcg->memsw.limit.
		 */
		mutex_lock(&set_limit_mutex);
		memlimit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_LIMIT);
		if (memlimit > val) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			mutex_unlock(&set_limit_mutex);
			break;
		}
		memswlimit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_LIMIT);
		if (memswlimit < val)
			enlarge = 1;
		ret = res_counter_set_limit(&memcg->memsw, val);
		if (!ret) {
			if (memlimit == val)
				memcg->memsw_is_minimum = true;
			else
				memcg->memsw_is_minimum = false;
		}
		mutex_unlock(&set_limit_mutex);

		if (!ret)
			break;

		mem_cgroup_reclaim(memcg, GFP_KERNEL,
				   MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_NOSWAP |
				   MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_SHRINK);
		curusage = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_USAGE);
		/* Usage is reduced ? */
		if (curusage >= oldusage)
			retry_count--;
		else
			oldusage = curusage;
	}
	if (!ret && enlarge)
		memcg_oom_recover(memcg);
	return ret;
}

unsigned long mem_cgroup_soft_limit_reclaim(struct zone *zone, int order,
					    gfp_t gfp_mask,
					    unsigned long *total_scanned)
{
	unsigned long nr_reclaimed = 0;
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz, *next_mz = NULL;
	unsigned long reclaimed;
	int loop = 0;
	struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *mctz;
	unsigned long long excess;
	unsigned long nr_scanned;

	if (order > 0)
		return 0;

	mctz = soft_limit_tree_node_zone(zone_to_nid(zone), zone_idx(zone));
	/*
	 * This loop can run a while, specially if mem_cgroup's continuously
	 * keep exceeding their soft limit and putting the system under
	 * pressure
	 */
	do {
		if (next_mz)
			mz = next_mz;
		else
			mz = mem_cgroup_largest_soft_limit_node(mctz);
		if (!mz)
			break;

		nr_scanned = 0;
		reclaimed = mem_cgroup_soft_reclaim(mz->mem, zone,
						    gfp_mask, &nr_scanned);
		nr_reclaimed += reclaimed;
		*total_scanned += nr_scanned;
		spin_lock(&mctz->lock);

		/*
		 * If we failed to reclaim anything from this memory cgroup
		 * it is time to move on to the next cgroup
		 */
		next_mz = NULL;
		if (!reclaimed) {
			do {
				/*
				 * Loop until we find yet another one.
				 *
				 * By the time we get the soft_limit lock
				 * again, someone might have aded the
				 * group back on the RB tree. Iterate to
				 * make sure we get a different mem.
				 * mem_cgroup_largest_soft_limit_node returns
				 * NULL if no other cgroup is present on
				 * the tree
				 */
				next_mz =
				__mem_cgroup_largest_soft_limit_node(mctz);
				if (next_mz == mz)
					css_put(&next_mz->mem->css);
				else /* next_mz == NULL or other memcg */
					break;
			} while (1);
		}
		__mem_cgroup_remove_exceeded(mz->mem, mz, mctz);
		excess = res_counter_soft_limit_excess(&mz->mem->res);
		/*
		 * One school of thought says that we should not add
		 * back the node to the tree if reclaim returns 0.
		 * But our reclaim could return 0, simply because due
		 * to priority we are exposing a smaller subset of
		 * memory to reclaim from. Consider this as a longer
		 * term TODO.
		 */
		/* If excess == 0, no tree ops */
		__mem_cgroup_insert_exceeded(mz->mem, mz, mctz, excess);
		spin_unlock(&mctz->lock);
		css_put(&mz->mem->css);
		loop++;
		/*
		 * Could not reclaim anything and there are no more
		 * mem cgroups to try or we seem to be looping without
		 * reclaiming anything.
		 */
		if (!nr_reclaimed &&
			(next_mz == NULL ||
			loop > MEM_CGROUP_MAX_SOFT_LIMIT_RECLAIM_LOOPS))
			break;
	} while (!nr_reclaimed);
	if (next_mz)
		css_put(&next_mz->mem->css);
	return nr_reclaimed;
}

/*
 * This routine traverse page_cgroup in given list and drop them all.
 * *And* this routine doesn't reclaim page itself, just removes page_cgroup.
 */
static int mem_cgroup_force_empty_list(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
				int node, int zid, enum lru_list lru)
{
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
	unsigned long flags, loop;
	struct list_head *list;
	struct page *busy;
	struct zone *zone;
	int ret = 0;

	zone = &NODE_DATA(node)->node_zones[zid];
	mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(memcg, node, zid);
	list = &mz->lruvec.lists[lru];

	loop = MEM_CGROUP_ZSTAT(mz, lru);
	/* give some margin against EBUSY etc...*/
	loop += 256;
	busy = NULL;
	while (loop--) {
		struct page_cgroup *pc;
		struct page *page;

		ret = 0;
		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
		if (list_empty(list)) {
			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
			break;
		}
		page = list_entry(list->prev, struct page, lru);
		if (busy == page) {
			list_move(&page->lru, list);
			busy = NULL;
			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
			continue;
		}
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);

		pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);

		ret = mem_cgroup_move_parent(page, pc, memcg, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (ret == -ENOMEM || ret == -EINTR)
			break;

		if (ret == -EBUSY || ret == -EINVAL) {
			/* found lock contention or "pc" is obsolete. */
			busy = page;
			cond_resched();
		} else
			busy = NULL;
	}

	if (!ret && !list_empty(list))
		return -EBUSY;
	return ret;
}

/*
 * make mem_cgroup's charge to be 0 if there is no task.
 * This enables deleting this mem_cgroup.
 */
static int mem_cgroup_force_empty(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, bool free_all)
{
	int ret;
	int node, zid, shrink;
	int nr_retries = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
	struct cgroup *cgrp = memcg->css.cgroup;

	css_get(&memcg->css);

	shrink = 0;
	/* should free all ? */
	if (free_all)
		goto try_to_free;
move_account:
	do {
		ret = -EBUSY;
		if (cgroup_task_count(cgrp) || !list_empty(&cgrp->children))
			goto out;
		ret = -EINTR;
		if (signal_pending(current))
			goto out;
		/* This is for making all *used* pages to be on LRU. */
		lru_add_drain_all();
		drain_all_stock_sync(memcg);
		ret = 0;
		mem_cgroup_start_move(memcg);
		for_each_node_state(node, N_HIGH_MEMORY) {
			for (zid = 0; !ret && zid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zid++) {
				enum lru_list l;
				for_each_lru(l) {
					ret = mem_cgroup_force_empty_list(memcg,
							node, zid, l);
					if (ret)
						break;
				}
			}
			if (ret)
				break;
		}
		mem_cgroup_end_move(memcg);
		memcg_oom_recover(memcg);
		/* it seems parent cgroup doesn't have enough mem */
		if (ret == -ENOMEM)
			goto try_to_free;
		cond_resched();
	/* "ret" should also be checked to ensure all lists are empty. */
	} while (memcg->res.usage > 0 || ret);
out:
	css_put(&memcg->css);
	return ret;

try_to_free:
	/* returns EBUSY if there is a task or if we come here twice. */
	if (cgroup_task_count(cgrp) || !list_empty(&cgrp->children) || shrink) {
		ret = -EBUSY;
		goto out;
	}
	/* we call try-to-free pages for make this cgroup empty */
	lru_add_drain_all();
	/* try to free all pages in this cgroup */
	shrink = 1;
	while (nr_retries && memcg->res.usage > 0) {
		int progress;

		if (signal_pending(current)) {
			ret = -EINTR;
			goto out;
		}
		progress = try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(memcg, GFP_KERNEL,
						false);
		if (!progress) {
			nr_retries--;
			/* maybe some writeback is necessary */
			congestion_wait(BLK_RW_ASYNC, HZ/10);
		}

	}
	lru_add_drain();
	/* try move_account...there may be some *locked* pages. */
	goto move_account;
}

int mem_cgroup_force_empty_write(struct cgroup *cont, unsigned int event)
{
	return mem_cgroup_force_empty(mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont), true);
}


static u64 mem_cgroup_hierarchy_read(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft)
{
	return mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont)->use_hierarchy;
}

static int mem_cgroup_hierarchy_write(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft,
					u64 val)
{
	int retval = 0;
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
	struct cgroup *parent = cont->parent;
	struct mem_cgroup *parent_memcg = NULL;

	if (parent)
		parent_memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(parent);

	cgroup_lock();
	/*
	 * If parent's use_hierarchy is set, we can't make any modifications
	 * in the child subtrees. If it is unset, then the change can
	 * occur, provided the current cgroup has no children.
	 *
	 * For the root cgroup, parent_mem is NULL, we allow value to be
	 * set if there are no children.
	 */
	if ((!parent_memcg || !parent_memcg->use_hierarchy) &&
				(val == 1 || val == 0)) {
		if (list_empty(&cont->children))
			memcg->use_hierarchy = val;
		else
			retval = -EBUSY;
	} else
		retval = -EINVAL;
	cgroup_unlock();

	return retval;
}


static unsigned long mem_cgroup_recursive_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
					       enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *iter;
	long val = 0;

	/* Per-cpu values can be negative, use a signed accumulator */
	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg)
		val += mem_cgroup_read_stat(iter, idx);

	if (val < 0) /* race ? */
		val = 0;
	return val;
}

static inline u64 mem_cgroup_usage(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, bool swap)
{
	u64 val;

	if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg)) {
		if (!swap)
			return res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_USAGE);
		else
			return res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_USAGE);
	}

	val = mem_cgroup_recursive_stat(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_CACHE);
	val += mem_cgroup_recursive_stat(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_RSS);

	if (swap)
		val += mem_cgroup_recursive_stat(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_SWAPOUT);

	return val << PAGE_SHIFT;
}

static u64 mem_cgroup_read(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
	u64 val;
	int type, name;

	type = MEMFILE_TYPE(cft->private);
	name = MEMFILE_ATTR(cft->private);
	switch (type) {
	case _MEM:
		if (name == RES_USAGE)
			val = mem_cgroup_usage(memcg, false);
		else
			val = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, name);
		break;
	case _MEMSWAP:
		if (name == RES_USAGE)
			val = mem_cgroup_usage(memcg, true);
		else
			val = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, name);
		break;
	default:
		BUG();
		break;
	}
	return val;
}
/*
 * The user of this function is...
 * RES_LIMIT.
 */
static int mem_cgroup_write(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft,
			    const char *buffer)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
	int type, name;
	unsigned long long val;
	int ret;

	type = MEMFILE_TYPE(cft->private);
	name = MEMFILE_ATTR(cft->private);
	switch (name) {
	case RES_LIMIT:
		if (mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg)) { /* Can't set limit on root */
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		/* This function does all necessary parse...reuse it */
		ret = res_counter_memparse_write_strategy(buffer, &val);
		if (ret)
			break;
		if (type == _MEM)
			ret = mem_cgroup_resize_limit(memcg, val);
		else
			ret = mem_cgroup_resize_memsw_limit(memcg, val);
		break;
	case RES_SOFT_LIMIT:
		ret = res_counter_memparse_write_strategy(buffer, &val);
		if (ret)
			break;
		/*
		 * For memsw, soft limits are hard to implement in terms
		 * of semantics, for now, we support soft limits for
		 * control without swap
		 */
		if (type == _MEM)
			ret = res_counter_set_soft_limit(&memcg->res, val);
		else
			ret = -EINVAL;
		break;
	default:
		ret = -EINVAL; /* should be BUG() ? */
		break;
	}
	return ret;
}

static void memcg_get_hierarchical_limit(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
		unsigned long long *mem_limit, unsigned long long *memsw_limit)
{
	struct cgroup *cgroup;
	unsigned long long min_limit, min_memsw_limit, tmp;

	min_limit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_LIMIT);
	min_memsw_limit = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_LIMIT);
	cgroup = memcg->css.cgroup;
	if (!memcg->use_hierarchy)
		goto out;

	while (cgroup->parent) {
		cgroup = cgroup->parent;
		memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgroup);
		if (!memcg->use_hierarchy)
			break;
		tmp = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_LIMIT);
		min_limit = min(min_limit, tmp);
		tmp = res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->memsw, RES_LIMIT);
		min_memsw_limit = min(min_memsw_limit, tmp);
	}
out:
	*mem_limit = min_limit;
	*memsw_limit = min_memsw_limit;
	return;
}

static int mem_cgroup_reset(struct cgroup *cont, unsigned int event)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
	int type, name;

	memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
	type = MEMFILE_TYPE(event);
	name = MEMFILE_ATTR(event);
	switch (name) {
	case RES_MAX_USAGE:
		if (type == _MEM)
			res_counter_reset_max(&memcg->res);
		else
			res_counter_reset_max(&memcg->memsw);
		break;
	case RES_FAILCNT:
		if (type == _MEM)
			res_counter_reset_failcnt(&memcg->res);
		else
			res_counter_reset_failcnt(&memcg->memsw);
		break;
	}

	return 0;
}

static u64 mem_cgroup_move_charge_read(struct cgroup *cgrp,
					struct cftype *cft)
{
	return mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp)->move_charge_at_immigrate;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
static int mem_cgroup_move_charge_write(struct cgroup *cgrp,
					struct cftype *cft, u64 val)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);

	if (val >= (1 << NR_MOVE_TYPE))
		return -EINVAL;
	/*
	 * We check this value several times in both in can_attach() and
	 * attach(), so we need cgroup lock to prevent this value from being
	 * inconsistent.
	 */
	cgroup_lock();
	memcg->move_charge_at_immigrate = val;
	cgroup_unlock();

	return 0;
}
#else
static int mem_cgroup_move_charge_write(struct cgroup *cgrp,
					struct cftype *cft, u64 val)
{
	return -ENOSYS;
}
#endif


/* For read statistics */
enum {
	MCS_CACHE,
	MCS_RSS,
	MCS_FILE_MAPPED,
	MCS_PGPGIN,
	MCS_PGPGOUT,
	MCS_SWAP,
	MCS_PGFAULT,
	MCS_PGMAJFAULT,
	MCS_INACTIVE_ANON,
	MCS_ACTIVE_ANON,
	MCS_INACTIVE_FILE,
	MCS_ACTIVE_FILE,
	MCS_UNEVICTABLE,
	NR_MCS_STAT,
};

struct mcs_total_stat {
	s64 stat[NR_MCS_STAT];
};

struct {
	char *local_name;
	char *total_name;
} memcg_stat_strings[NR_MCS_STAT] = {
	{"cache", "total_cache"},
	{"rss", "total_rss"},
	{"mapped_file", "total_mapped_file"},
	{"pgpgin", "total_pgpgin"},
	{"pgpgout", "total_pgpgout"},
	{"swap", "total_swap"},
	{"pgfault", "total_pgfault"},
	{"pgmajfault", "total_pgmajfault"},
	{"inactive_anon", "total_inactive_anon"},
	{"active_anon", "total_active_anon"},
	{"inactive_file", "total_inactive_file"},
	{"active_file", "total_active_file"},
	{"unevictable", "total_unevictable"}
};


static void
mem_cgroup_get_local_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct mcs_total_stat *s)
{
	s64 val;

	/* per cpu stat */
	val = mem_cgroup_read_stat(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_CACHE);
	s->stat[MCS_CACHE] += val * PAGE_SIZE;
	val = mem_cgroup_read_stat(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_RSS);
	s->stat[MCS_RSS] += val * PAGE_SIZE;
	val = mem_cgroup_read_stat(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_FILE_MAPPED);
	s->stat[MCS_FILE_MAPPED] += val * PAGE_SIZE;
	val = mem_cgroup_read_events(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGPGIN);
	s->stat[MCS_PGPGIN] += val;
	val = mem_cgroup_read_events(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGPGOUT);
	s->stat[MCS_PGPGOUT] += val;
	if (do_swap_account) {
		val = mem_cgroup_read_stat(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_SWAPOUT);
		s->stat[MCS_SWAP] += val * PAGE_SIZE;
	}
	val = mem_cgroup_read_events(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGFAULT);
	s->stat[MCS_PGFAULT] += val;
	val = mem_cgroup_read_events(memcg, MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGMAJFAULT);
	s->stat[MCS_PGMAJFAULT] += val;

	/* per zone stat */
	val = mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(memcg, BIT(LRU_INACTIVE_ANON));
	s->stat[MCS_INACTIVE_ANON] += val * PAGE_SIZE;
	val = mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(memcg, BIT(LRU_ACTIVE_ANON));
	s->stat[MCS_ACTIVE_ANON] += val * PAGE_SIZE;
	val = mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(memcg, BIT(LRU_INACTIVE_FILE));
	s->stat[MCS_INACTIVE_FILE] += val * PAGE_SIZE;
	val = mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(memcg, BIT(LRU_ACTIVE_FILE));
	s->stat[MCS_ACTIVE_FILE] += val * PAGE_SIZE;
	val = mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(memcg, BIT(LRU_UNEVICTABLE));
	s->stat[MCS_UNEVICTABLE] += val * PAGE_SIZE;
}

static void
mem_cgroup_get_total_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct mcs_total_stat *s)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *iter;

	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg)
		mem_cgroup_get_local_stat(iter, s);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
static int mem_control_numa_stat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
	int nid;
	unsigned long total_nr, file_nr, anon_nr, unevictable_nr;
	unsigned long node_nr;
	struct cgroup *cont = m->private;
	struct mem_cgroup *mem_cont = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);

	total_nr = mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(mem_cont, LRU_ALL);
	seq_printf(m, "total=%lu", total_nr);
	for_each_node_state(nid, N_HIGH_MEMORY) {
		node_nr = mem_cgroup_node_nr_lru_pages(mem_cont, nid, LRU_ALL);
		seq_printf(m, " N%d=%lu", nid, node_nr);
	}
	seq_putc(m, '\n');

	file_nr = mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(mem_cont, LRU_ALL_FILE);
	seq_printf(m, "file=%lu", file_nr);
	for_each_node_state(nid, N_HIGH_MEMORY) {
		node_nr = mem_cgroup_node_nr_lru_pages(mem_cont, nid,
				LRU_ALL_FILE);
		seq_printf(m, " N%d=%lu", nid, node_nr);
	}
	seq_putc(m, '\n');

	anon_nr = mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(mem_cont, LRU_ALL_ANON);
	seq_printf(m, "anon=%lu", anon_nr);
	for_each_node_state(nid, N_HIGH_MEMORY) {
		node_nr = mem_cgroup_node_nr_lru_pages(mem_cont, nid,
				LRU_ALL_ANON);
		seq_printf(m, " N%d=%lu", nid, node_nr);
	}
	seq_putc(m, '\n');

	unevictable_nr = mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(mem_cont, BIT(LRU_UNEVICTABLE));
	seq_printf(m, "unevictable=%lu", unevictable_nr);
	for_each_node_state(nid, N_HIGH_MEMORY) {
		node_nr = mem_cgroup_node_nr_lru_pages(mem_cont, nid,
				BIT(LRU_UNEVICTABLE));
		seq_printf(m, " N%d=%lu", nid, node_nr);
	}
	seq_putc(m, '\n');
	return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */

static int mem_control_stat_show(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft,
				 struct cgroup_map_cb *cb)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *mem_cont = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);
	struct mcs_total_stat mystat;
	int i;

	memset(&mystat, 0, sizeof(mystat));
	mem_cgroup_get_local_stat(mem_cont, &mystat);


	for (i = 0; i < NR_MCS_STAT; i++) {
		if (i == MCS_SWAP && !do_swap_account)
			continue;
		cb->fill(cb, memcg_stat_strings[i].local_name, mystat.stat[i]);
	}

	/* Hierarchical information */
	{
		unsigned long long limit, memsw_limit;
		memcg_get_hierarchical_limit(mem_cont, &limit, &memsw_limit);
		cb->fill(cb, "hierarchical_memory_limit", limit);
		if (do_swap_account)
			cb->fill(cb, "hierarchical_memsw_limit", memsw_limit);
	}

	memset(&mystat, 0, sizeof(mystat));
	mem_cgroup_get_total_stat(mem_cont, &mystat);
	for (i = 0; i < NR_MCS_STAT; i++) {
		if (i == MCS_SWAP && !do_swap_account)
			continue;
		cb->fill(cb, memcg_stat_strings[i].total_name, mystat.stat[i]);
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
	{
		int nid, zid;
		struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
		unsigned long recent_rotated[2] = {0, 0};
		unsigned long recent_scanned[2] = {0, 0};

		for_each_online_node(nid)
			for (zid = 0; zid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zid++) {
				mz = mem_cgroup_zoneinfo(mem_cont, nid, zid);

				recent_rotated[0] +=
					mz->reclaim_stat.recent_rotated[0];
				recent_rotated[1] +=
					mz->reclaim_stat.recent_rotated[1];
				recent_scanned[0] +=
					mz->reclaim_stat.recent_scanned[0];
				recent_scanned[1] +=
					mz->reclaim_stat.recent_scanned[1];
			}
		cb->fill(cb, "recent_rotated_anon", recent_rotated[0]);
		cb->fill(cb, "recent_rotated_file", recent_rotated[1]);
		cb->fill(cb, "recent_scanned_anon", recent_scanned[0]);
		cb->fill(cb, "recent_scanned_file", recent_scanned[1]);
	}
#endif

	return 0;
}

static u64 mem_cgroup_swappiness_read(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);

	return mem_cgroup_swappiness(memcg);
}

static int mem_cgroup_swappiness_write(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft,
				       u64 val)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);
	struct mem_cgroup *parent;

	if (val > 100)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (cgrp->parent == NULL)
		return -EINVAL;

	parent = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp->parent);

	cgroup_lock();

	/* If under hierarchy, only empty-root can set this value */
	if ((parent->use_hierarchy) ||
	    (memcg->use_hierarchy && !list_empty(&cgrp->children))) {
		cgroup_unlock();
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	memcg->swappiness = val;

	cgroup_unlock();

	return 0;
}

static void __mem_cgroup_threshold(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, bool swap)
{
	struct mem_cgroup_threshold_ary *t;
	u64 usage;
	int i;

	rcu_read_lock();
	if (!swap)
		t = rcu_dereference(memcg->thresholds.primary);
	else
		t = rcu_dereference(memcg->memsw_thresholds.primary);

	if (!t)
		goto unlock;

	usage = mem_cgroup_usage(memcg, swap);

	/*
	 * current_threshold points to threshold just below usage.
	 * If it's not true, a threshold was crossed after last
	 * call of __mem_cgroup_threshold().
	 */
	i = t->current_threshold;

	/*
	 * Iterate backward over array of thresholds starting from
	 * current_threshold and check if a threshold is crossed.
	 * If none of thresholds below usage is crossed, we read
	 * only one element of the array here.
	 */
	for (; i >= 0 && unlikely(t->entries[i].threshold > usage); i--)
		eventfd_signal(t->entries[i].eventfd, 1);

	/* i = current_threshold + 1 */
	i++;

	/*
	 * Iterate forward over array of thresholds starting from
	 * current_threshold+1 and check if a threshold is crossed.
	 * If none of thresholds above usage is crossed, we read
	 * only one element of the array here.
	 */
	for (; i < t->size && unlikely(t->entries[i].threshold <= usage); i++)
		eventfd_signal(t->entries[i].eventfd, 1);

	/* Update current_threshold */
	t->current_threshold = i - 1;
unlock:
	rcu_read_unlock();
}

static void mem_cgroup_threshold(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	while (memcg) {
		__mem_cgroup_threshold(memcg, false);
		if (do_swap_account)
			__mem_cgroup_threshold(memcg, true);

		memcg = parent_mem_cgroup(memcg);
	}
}

static int compare_thresholds(const void *a, const void *b)
{
	const struct mem_cgroup_threshold *_a = a;
	const struct mem_cgroup_threshold *_b = b;

	return _a->threshold - _b->threshold;
}

static int mem_cgroup_oom_notify_cb(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	struct mem_cgroup_eventfd_list *ev;

	list_for_each_entry(ev, &memcg->oom_notify, list)
		eventfd_signal(ev->eventfd, 1);
	return 0;
}

static void mem_cgroup_oom_notify(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *iter;

	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg)
		mem_cgroup_oom_notify_cb(iter);
}

static int mem_cgroup_usage_register_event(struct cgroup *cgrp,
	struct cftype *cft, struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd, const char *args)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);
	struct mem_cgroup_thresholds *thresholds;
	struct mem_cgroup_threshold_ary *new;
	int type = MEMFILE_TYPE(cft->private);
	u64 threshold, usage;
	int i, size, ret;

	ret = res_counter_memparse_write_strategy(args, &threshold);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	mutex_lock(&memcg->thresholds_lock);

	if (type == _MEM)
		thresholds = &memcg->thresholds;
	else if (type == _MEMSWAP)
		thresholds = &memcg->memsw_thresholds;
	else
		BUG();

	usage = mem_cgroup_usage(memcg, type == _MEMSWAP);

	/* Check if a threshold crossed before adding a new one */
	if (thresholds->primary)
		__mem_cgroup_threshold(memcg, type == _MEMSWAP);

	size = thresholds->primary ? thresholds->primary->size + 1 : 1;

	/* Allocate memory for new array of thresholds */
	new = kmalloc(sizeof(*new) + size * sizeof(struct mem_cgroup_threshold),
			GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!new) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto unlock;
	}
	new->size = size;

	/* Copy thresholds (if any) to new array */
	if (thresholds->primary) {
		memcpy(new->entries, thresholds->primary->entries, (size - 1) *
				sizeof(struct mem_cgroup_threshold));
	}

	/* Add new threshold */
	new->entries[size - 1].eventfd = eventfd;
	new->entries[size - 1].threshold = threshold;

	/* Sort thresholds. Registering of new threshold isn't time-critical */
	sort(new->entries, size, sizeof(struct mem_cgroup_threshold),
			compare_thresholds, NULL);

	/* Find current threshold */
	new->current_threshold = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
		if (new->entries[i].threshold < usage) {
			/*
			 * new->current_threshold will not be used until
			 * rcu_assign_pointer(), so it's safe to increment
			 * it here.
			 */
			++new->current_threshold;
		}
	}

	/* Free old spare buffer and save old primary buffer as spare */
	kfree(thresholds->spare);
	thresholds->spare = thresholds->primary;

	rcu_assign_pointer(thresholds->primary, new);

	/* To be sure that nobody uses thresholds */
	synchronize_rcu();

unlock:
	mutex_unlock(&memcg->thresholds_lock);

	return ret;
}

static void mem_cgroup_usage_unregister_event(struct cgroup *cgrp,
	struct cftype *cft, struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);
	struct mem_cgroup_thresholds *thresholds;
	struct mem_cgroup_threshold_ary *new;
	int type = MEMFILE_TYPE(cft->private);
	u64 usage;
	int i, j, size;

	mutex_lock(&memcg->thresholds_lock);
	if (type == _MEM)
		thresholds = &memcg->thresholds;
	else if (type == _MEMSWAP)
		thresholds = &memcg->memsw_thresholds;
	else
		BUG();

	/*
	 * Something went wrong if we trying to unregister a threshold
	 * if we don't have thresholds
	 */
	BUG_ON(!thresholds);

	if (!thresholds->primary)
		goto unlock;

	usage = mem_cgroup_usage(memcg, type == _MEMSWAP);

	/* Check if a threshold crossed before removing */
	__mem_cgroup_threshold(memcg, type == _MEMSWAP);

	/* Calculate new number of threshold */
	size = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < thresholds->primary->size; i++) {
		if (thresholds->primary->entries[i].eventfd != eventfd)
			size++;
	}

	new = thresholds->spare;

	/* Set thresholds array to NULL if we don't have thresholds */
	if (!size) {
		kfree(new);
		new = NULL;
		goto swap_buffers;
	}

	new->size = size;

	/* Copy thresholds and find current threshold */
	new->current_threshold = -1;
	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < thresholds->primary->size; i++) {
		if (thresholds->primary->entries[i].eventfd == eventfd)
			continue;

		new->entries[j] = thresholds->primary->entries[i];
		if (new->entries[j].threshold < usage) {
			/*
			 * new->current_threshold will not be used
			 * until rcu_assign_pointer(), so it's safe to increment
			 * it here.
			 */
			++new->current_threshold;
		}
		j++;
	}

swap_buffers:
	/* Swap primary and spare array */
	thresholds->spare = thresholds->primary;
	rcu_assign_pointer(thresholds->primary, new);

	/* To be sure that nobody uses thresholds */
	synchronize_rcu();
unlock:
	mutex_unlock(&memcg->thresholds_lock);
}

static int mem_cgroup_oom_register_event(struct cgroup *cgrp,
	struct cftype *cft, struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd, const char *args)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);
	struct mem_cgroup_eventfd_list *event;
	int type = MEMFILE_TYPE(cft->private);

	BUG_ON(type != _OOM_TYPE);
	event = kmalloc(sizeof(*event),	GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!event)
		return -ENOMEM;

	spin_lock(&memcg_oom_lock);

	event->eventfd = eventfd;
	list_add(&event->list, &memcg->oom_notify);

	/* already in OOM ? */
	if (atomic_read(&memcg->under_oom))
		eventfd_signal(eventfd, 1);
	spin_unlock(&memcg_oom_lock);

	return 0;
}

static void mem_cgroup_oom_unregister_event(struct cgroup *cgrp,
	struct cftype *cft, struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);
	struct mem_cgroup_eventfd_list *ev, *tmp;
	int type = MEMFILE_TYPE(cft->private);

	BUG_ON(type != _OOM_TYPE);

	spin_lock(&memcg_oom_lock);

	list_for_each_entry_safe(ev, tmp, &memcg->oom_notify, list) {
		if (ev->eventfd == eventfd) {
			list_del(&ev->list);
			kfree(ev);
		}
	}

	spin_unlock(&memcg_oom_lock);
}

static int mem_cgroup_oom_control_read(struct cgroup *cgrp,
	struct cftype *cft,  struct cgroup_map_cb *cb)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);

	cb->fill(cb, "oom_kill_disable", memcg->oom_kill_disable);

	if (atomic_read(&memcg->under_oom))
		cb->fill(cb, "under_oom", 1);
	else
		cb->fill(cb, "under_oom", 0);
	return 0;
}

static int mem_cgroup_oom_control_write(struct cgroup *cgrp,
	struct cftype *cft, u64 val)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp);
	struct mem_cgroup *parent;

	/* cannot set to root cgroup and only 0 and 1 are allowed */
	if (!cgrp->parent || !((val == 0) || (val == 1)))
		return -EINVAL;

	parent = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgrp->parent);

	cgroup_lock();
	/* oom-kill-disable is a flag for subhierarchy. */
	if ((parent->use_hierarchy) ||
	    (memcg->use_hierarchy && !list_empty(&cgrp->children))) {
		cgroup_unlock();
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	memcg->oom_kill_disable = val;
	if (!val)
		memcg_oom_recover(memcg);
	cgroup_unlock();
	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
static const struct file_operations mem_control_numa_stat_file_operations = {
	.read = seq_read,
	.llseek = seq_lseek,
	.release = single_release,
};

static int mem_control_numa_stat_open(struct inode *unused, struct file *file)
{
	struct cgroup *cont = file->f_dentry->d_parent->d_fsdata;

	file->f_op = &mem_control_numa_stat_file_operations;
	return single_open(file, mem_control_numa_stat_show, cont);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_KMEM
static int register_kmem_files(struct cgroup *cont, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
{
	/*
	 * Part of this would be better living in a separate allocation
	 * function, leaving us with just the cgroup tree population work.
	 * We, however, depend on state such as network's proto_list that
	 * is only initialized after cgroup creation. I found the less
	 * cumbersome way to deal with it to defer it all to populate time
	 */
	return mem_cgroup_sockets_init(cont, ss);
};

static void kmem_cgroup_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
				struct cgroup *cont)
{
	mem_cgroup_sockets_destroy(cont, ss);
}
#else
static int register_kmem_files(struct cgroup *cont, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
{
	return 0;
}

static void kmem_cgroup_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
				struct cgroup *cont)
{
}
#endif

static struct cftype mem_cgroup_files[] = {
	{
		.name = "usage_in_bytes",
		.private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEM, RES_USAGE),
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
		.register_event = mem_cgroup_usage_register_event,
		.unregister_event = mem_cgroup_usage_unregister_event,
	},
	{
		.name = "max_usage_in_bytes",
		.private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEM, RES_MAX_USAGE),
		.trigger = mem_cgroup_reset,
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
	},
	{
		.name = "limit_in_bytes",
		.private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEM, RES_LIMIT),
		.write_string = mem_cgroup_write,
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
	},
	{
		.name = "soft_limit_in_bytes",
		.private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEM, RES_SOFT_LIMIT),
		.write_string = mem_cgroup_write,
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
	},
	{
		.name = "failcnt",
		.private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEM, RES_FAILCNT),
		.trigger = mem_cgroup_reset,
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
	},
	{
		.name = "stat",
		.read_map = mem_control_stat_show,
	},
	{
		.name = "force_empty",
		.trigger = mem_cgroup_force_empty_write,
	},
	{
		.name = "use_hierarchy",
		.write_u64 = mem_cgroup_hierarchy_write,
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_hierarchy_read,
	},
	{
		.name = "swappiness",
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_swappiness_read,
		.write_u64 = mem_cgroup_swappiness_write,
	},
	{
		.name = "move_charge_at_immigrate",
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_move_charge_read,
		.write_u64 = mem_cgroup_move_charge_write,
	},
	{
		.name = "oom_control",
		.read_map = mem_cgroup_oom_control_read,
		.write_u64 = mem_cgroup_oom_control_write,
		.register_event = mem_cgroup_oom_register_event,
		.unregister_event = mem_cgroup_oom_unregister_event,
		.private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_OOM_TYPE, OOM_CONTROL),
	},
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	{
		.name = "numa_stat",
		.open = mem_control_numa_stat_open,
		.mode = S_IRUGO,
	},
#endif
};

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
static struct cftype memsw_cgroup_files[] = {
	{
		.name = "memsw.usage_in_bytes",
		.private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEMSWAP, RES_USAGE),
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
		.register_event = mem_cgroup_usage_register_event,
		.unregister_event = mem_cgroup_usage_unregister_event,
	},
	{
		.name = "memsw.max_usage_in_bytes",
		.private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEMSWAP, RES_MAX_USAGE),
		.trigger = mem_cgroup_reset,
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
	},
	{
		.name = "memsw.limit_in_bytes",
		.private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEMSWAP, RES_LIMIT),
		.write_string = mem_cgroup_write,
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
	},
	{
		.name = "memsw.failcnt",
		.private = MEMFILE_PRIVATE(_MEMSWAP, RES_FAILCNT),
		.trigger = mem_cgroup_reset,
		.read_u64 = mem_cgroup_read,
	},
};

static int register_memsw_files(struct cgroup *cont, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
{
	if (!do_swap_account)
		return 0;
	return cgroup_add_files(cont, ss, memsw_cgroup_files,
				ARRAY_SIZE(memsw_cgroup_files));
};
#else
static int register_memsw_files(struct cgroup *cont, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif

static int alloc_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int node)
{
	struct mem_cgroup_per_node *pn;
	struct mem_cgroup_per_zone *mz;
	enum lru_list l;
	int zone, tmp = node;
	/*
	 * This routine is called against possible nodes.
	 * But it's BUG to call kmalloc() against offline node.
	 *
	 * TODO: this routine can waste much memory for nodes which will
	 *       never be onlined. It's better to use memory hotplug callback
	 *       function.
	 */
	if (!node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY))
		tmp = -1;
	pn = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*pn), GFP_KERNEL, tmp);
	if (!pn)
		return 1;

	for (zone = 0; zone < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) {
		mz = &pn->zoneinfo[zone];
		for_each_lru(l)
			INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mz->lruvec.lists[l]);
		mz->usage_in_excess = 0;
		mz->on_tree = false;
		mz->mem = memcg;
	}
	memcg->info.nodeinfo[node] = pn;
	return 0;
}

static void free_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int node)
{
	kfree(memcg->info.nodeinfo[node]);
}

static struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_alloc(void)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *mem;
	int size = sizeof(struct mem_cgroup);

	/* Can be very big if MAX_NUMNODES is very big */
	if (size < PAGE_SIZE)
		mem = kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
	else
		mem = vzalloc(size);

	if (!mem)
		return NULL;

	mem->stat = alloc_percpu(struct mem_cgroup_stat_cpu);
	if (!mem->stat)
		goto out_free;
	spin_lock_init(&mem->pcp_counter_lock);
	return mem;

out_free:
	if (size < PAGE_SIZE)
		kfree(mem);
	else
		vfree(mem);
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * Helpers for freeing a vzalloc()ed mem_cgroup by RCU,
 * but in process context.  The work_freeing structure is overlaid
 * on the rcu_freeing structure, which itself is overlaid on memsw.
 */
static void vfree_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;

	memcg = container_of(work, struct mem_cgroup, work_freeing);
	vfree(memcg);
}
static void vfree_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu_head)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;

	memcg = container_of(rcu_head, struct mem_cgroup, rcu_freeing);
	INIT_WORK(&memcg->work_freeing, vfree_work);
	schedule_work(&memcg->work_freeing);
}

/*
 * At destroying mem_cgroup, references from swap_cgroup can remain.
 * (scanning all at force_empty is too costly...)
 *
 * Instead of clearing all references at force_empty, we remember
 * the number of reference from swap_cgroup and free mem_cgroup when
 * it goes down to 0.
 *
 * Removal of cgroup itself succeeds regardless of refs from swap.
 */

static void __mem_cgroup_free(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	int node;

	mem_cgroup_remove_from_trees(memcg);
	free_css_id(&mem_cgroup_subsys, &memcg->css);

	for_each_node(node)
		free_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info(memcg, node);

	free_percpu(memcg->stat);
	if (sizeof(struct mem_cgroup) < PAGE_SIZE)
		kfree_rcu(memcg, rcu_freeing);
	else
		call_rcu(&memcg->rcu_freeing, vfree_rcu);
}

static void mem_cgroup_get(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	atomic_inc(&memcg->refcnt);
}

static void __mem_cgroup_put(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int count)
{
	if (atomic_sub_and_test(count, &memcg->refcnt)) {
		struct mem_cgroup *parent = parent_mem_cgroup(memcg);
		__mem_cgroup_free(memcg);
		if (parent)
			mem_cgroup_put(parent);
	}
}

static void mem_cgroup_put(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	__mem_cgroup_put(memcg, 1);
}

/*
 * Returns the parent mem_cgroup in memcgroup hierarchy with hierarchy enabled.
 */
struct mem_cgroup *parent_mem_cgroup(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
	if (!memcg->res.parent)
		return NULL;
	return mem_cgroup_from_res_counter(memcg->res.parent, res);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(parent_mem_cgroup);

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
static void __init enable_swap_cgroup(void)
{
	if (!mem_cgroup_disabled() && really_do_swap_account)
		do_swap_account = 1;
}
#else
static void __init enable_swap_cgroup(void)
{
}
#endif

static int mem_cgroup_soft_limit_tree_init(void)
{
	struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_node *rtpn;
	struct mem_cgroup_tree_per_zone *rtpz;
	int tmp, node, zone;

	for_each_node(node) {
		tmp = node;
		if (!node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY))
			tmp = -1;
		rtpn = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*rtpn), GFP_KERNEL, tmp);
		if (!rtpn)
			goto err_cleanup;

		soft_limit_tree.rb_tree_per_node[node] = rtpn;

		for (zone = 0; zone < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) {
			rtpz = &rtpn->rb_tree_per_zone[zone];
			rtpz->rb_root = RB_ROOT;
			spin_lock_init(&rtpz->lock);
		}
	}
	return 0;

err_cleanup:
	for_each_node(node) {
		if (!soft_limit_tree.rb_tree_per_node[node])
			break;
		kfree(soft_limit_tree.rb_tree_per_node[node]);
		soft_limit_tree.rb_tree_per_node[node] = NULL;
	}
	return 1;

}

static struct cgroup_subsys_state * __ref
mem_cgroup_create(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cont)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg, *parent;
	long error = -ENOMEM;
	int node;

	memcg = mem_cgroup_alloc();
	if (!memcg)
		return ERR_PTR(error);

	for_each_node(node)
		if (alloc_mem_cgroup_per_zone_info(memcg, node))
			goto free_out;

	/* root ? */
	if (cont->parent == NULL) {
		int cpu;
		enable_swap_cgroup();
		parent = NULL;
		if (mem_cgroup_soft_limit_tree_init())
			goto free_out;
		root_mem_cgroup = memcg;
		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
			struct memcg_stock_pcp *stock =
						&per_cpu(memcg_stock, cpu);
			INIT_WORK(&stock->work, drain_local_stock);
		}
		hotcpu_notifier(memcg_cpu_hotplug_callback, 0);
	} else {
		parent = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont->parent);
		memcg->use_hierarchy = parent->use_hierarchy;
		memcg->oom_kill_disable = parent->oom_kill_disable;
	}

	if (parent && parent->use_hierarchy) {
		res_counter_init(&memcg->res, &parent->res);
		res_counter_init(&memcg->memsw, &parent->memsw);
		/*
		 * We increment refcnt of the parent to ensure that we can
		 * safely access it on res_counter_charge/uncharge.
		 * This refcnt will be decremented when freeing this
		 * mem_cgroup(see mem_cgroup_put).
		 */
		mem_cgroup_get(parent);
	} else {
		res_counter_init(&memcg->res, NULL);
		res_counter_init(&memcg->memsw, NULL);
	}
	memcg->last_scanned_node = MAX_NUMNODES;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&memcg->oom_notify);

	if (parent)
		memcg->swappiness = mem_cgroup_swappiness(parent);
	atomic_set(&memcg->refcnt, 1);
	memcg->move_charge_at_immigrate = 0;
	mutex_init(&memcg->thresholds_lock);
	return &memcg->css;
free_out:
	__mem_cgroup_free(memcg);
	return ERR_PTR(error);
}

static int mem_cgroup_pre_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
					struct cgroup *cont)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);

	return mem_cgroup_force_empty(memcg, false);
}

static void mem_cgroup_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
				struct cgroup *cont)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont);

	kmem_cgroup_destroy(ss, cont);

	mem_cgroup_put(memcg);
}

static int mem_cgroup_populate(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
				struct cgroup *cont)
{
	int ret;

	ret = cgroup_add_files(cont, ss, mem_cgroup_files,
				ARRAY_SIZE(mem_cgroup_files));

	if (!ret)
		ret = register_memsw_files(cont, ss);

	if (!ret)
		ret = register_kmem_files(cont, ss);

	return ret;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
/* Handlers for move charge at task migration. */
#define PRECHARGE_COUNT_AT_ONCE	256
static int mem_cgroup_do_precharge(unsigned long count)
{
	int ret = 0;
	int batch_count = PRECHARGE_COUNT_AT_ONCE;
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mc.to;

	if (mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg)) {
		mc.precharge += count;
		/* we don't need css_get for root */
		return ret;
	}
	/* try to charge at once */
	if (count > 1) {
		struct res_counter *dummy;
		/*
		 * "memcg" cannot be under rmdir() because we've already checked
		 * by cgroup_lock_live_cgroup() that it is not removed and we
		 * are still under the same cgroup_mutex. So we can postpone
		 * css_get().
		 */
		if (res_counter_charge(&memcg->res, PAGE_SIZE * count, &dummy))
			goto one_by_one;
		if (do_swap_account && res_counter_charge(&memcg->memsw,
						PAGE_SIZE * count, &dummy)) {
			res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->res, PAGE_SIZE * count);
			goto one_by_one;
		}
		mc.precharge += count;
		return ret;
	}
one_by_one:
	/* fall back to one by one charge */
	while (count--) {
		if (signal_pending(current)) {
			ret = -EINTR;
			break;
		}
		if (!batch_count--) {
			batch_count = PRECHARGE_COUNT_AT_ONCE;
			cond_resched();
		}
		ret = __mem_cgroup_try_charge(NULL,
					GFP_KERNEL, 1, &memcg, false);
		if (ret)
			/* mem_cgroup_clear_mc() will do uncharge later */
			return ret;
		mc.precharge++;
	}
	return ret;
}

/**
 * is_target_pte_for_mc - check a pte whether it is valid for move charge
 * @vma: the vma the pte to be checked belongs
 * @addr: the address corresponding to the pte to be checked
 * @ptent: the pte to be checked
 * @target: the pointer the target page or swap ent will be stored(can be NULL)
 *
 * Returns
 *   0(MC_TARGET_NONE): if the pte is not a target for move charge.
 *   1(MC_TARGET_PAGE): if the page corresponding to this pte is a target for
 *     move charge. if @target is not NULL, the page is stored in target->page
 *     with extra refcnt got(Callers should handle it).
 *   2(MC_TARGET_SWAP): if the swap entry corresponding to this pte is a
 *     target for charge migration. if @target is not NULL, the entry is stored
 *     in target->ent.
 *
 * Called with pte lock held.
 */
union mc_target {
	struct page	*page;
	swp_entry_t	ent;
};

enum mc_target_type {
	MC_TARGET_NONE,	/* not used */
	MC_TARGET_PAGE,
	MC_TARGET_SWAP,
};

static struct page *mc_handle_present_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
						unsigned long addr, pte_t ptent)
{
	struct page *page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, ptent);

	if (!page || !page_mapped(page))
		return NULL;
	if (PageAnon(page)) {
		/* we don't move shared anon */
		if (!move_anon() || page_mapcount(page) > 2)
			return NULL;
	} else if (!move_file())
		/* we ignore mapcount for file pages */
		return NULL;
	if (!get_page_unless_zero(page))
		return NULL;

	return page;
}

static struct page *mc_handle_swap_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
			unsigned long addr, pte_t ptent, swp_entry_t *entry)
{
	int usage_count;
	struct page *page = NULL;
	swp_entry_t ent = pte_to_swp_entry(ptent);

	if (!move_anon() || non_swap_entry(ent))
		return NULL;
	usage_count = mem_cgroup_count_swap_user(ent, &page);
	if (usage_count > 1) { /* we don't move shared anon */
		if (page)
			put_page(page);
		return NULL;
	}
	if (do_swap_account)
		entry->val = ent.val;

	return page;
}

static struct page *mc_handle_file_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
			unsigned long addr, pte_t ptent, swp_entry_t *entry)
{
	struct page *page = NULL;
	struct inode *inode;
	struct address_space *mapping;
	pgoff_t pgoff;

	if (!vma->vm_file) /* anonymous vma */
		return NULL;
	if (!move_file())
		return NULL;

	inode = vma->vm_file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
	mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
	if (pte_none(ptent))
		pgoff = linear_page_index(vma, addr);
	else /* pte_file(ptent) is true */
		pgoff = pte_to_pgoff(ptent);

	/* page is moved even if it's not RSS of this task(page-faulted). */
	page = find_get_page(mapping, pgoff);

#ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
	/* shmem/tmpfs may report page out on swap: account for that too. */
	if (radix_tree_exceptional_entry(page)) {
		swp_entry_t swap = radix_to_swp_entry(page);
		if (do_swap_account)
			*entry = swap;
		page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, swap.val);
	}
#endif
	return page;
}

static int is_target_pte_for_mc(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
		unsigned long addr, pte_t ptent, union mc_target *target)
{
	struct page *page = NULL;
	struct page_cgroup *pc;
	int ret = 0;
	swp_entry_t ent = { .val = 0 };

	if (pte_present(ptent))
		page = mc_handle_present_pte(vma, addr, ptent);
	else if (is_swap_pte(ptent))
		page = mc_handle_swap_pte(vma, addr, ptent, &ent);
	else if (pte_none(ptent) || pte_file(ptent))
		page = mc_handle_file_pte(vma, addr, ptent, &ent);

	if (!page && !ent.val)
		return 0;
	if (page) {
		pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
		/*
		 * Do only loose check w/o page_cgroup lock.
		 * mem_cgroup_move_account() checks the pc is valid or not under
		 * the lock.
		 */
		if (PageCgroupUsed(pc) && pc->mem_cgroup == mc.from) {
			ret = MC_TARGET_PAGE;
			if (target)
				target->page = page;
		}
		if (!ret || !target)
			put_page(page);
	}
	/* There is a swap entry and a page doesn't exist or isn't charged */
	if (ent.val && !ret &&
			css_id(&mc.from->css) == lookup_swap_cgroup_id(ent)) {
		ret = MC_TARGET_SWAP;
		if (target)
			target->ent = ent;
	}
	return ret;
}

static int mem_cgroup_count_precharge_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd,
					unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
					struct mm_walk *walk)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma = walk->private;
	pte_t *pte;
	spinlock_t *ptl;

	split_huge_page_pmd(walk->mm, pmd);

	pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
	for (; addr != end; pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE)
		if (is_target_pte_for_mc(vma, addr, *pte, NULL))
			mc.precharge++;	/* increment precharge temporarily */
	pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
	cond_resched();

	return 0;
}

static unsigned long mem_cgroup_count_precharge(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	unsigned long precharge;
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;

	down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
	for (vma = mm->mmap; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
		struct mm_walk mem_cgroup_count_precharge_walk = {
			.pmd_entry = mem_cgroup_count_precharge_pte_range,
			.mm = mm,
			.private = vma,
		};
		if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
			continue;
		walk_page_range(vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end,
					&mem_cgroup_count_precharge_walk);
	}
	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

	precharge = mc.precharge;
	mc.precharge = 0;

	return precharge;
}

static int mem_cgroup_precharge_mc(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	unsigned long precharge = mem_cgroup_count_precharge(mm);

	VM_BUG_ON(mc.moving_task);
	mc.moving_task = current;
	return mem_cgroup_do_precharge(precharge);
}

/* cancels all extra charges on mc.from and mc.to, and wakes up all waiters. */
static void __mem_cgroup_clear_mc(void)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *from = mc.from;
	struct mem_cgroup *to = mc.to;

	/* we must uncharge all the leftover precharges from mc.to */
	if (mc.precharge) {
		__mem_cgroup_cancel_charge(mc.to, mc.precharge);
		mc.precharge = 0;
	}
	/*
	 * we didn't uncharge from mc.from at mem_cgroup_move_account(), so
	 * we must uncharge here.
	 */
	if (mc.moved_charge) {
		__mem_cgroup_cancel_charge(mc.from, mc.moved_charge);
		mc.moved_charge = 0;
	}
	/* we must fixup refcnts and charges */
	if (mc.moved_swap) {
		/* uncharge swap account from the old cgroup */
		if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(mc.from))
			res_counter_uncharge(&mc.from->memsw,
						PAGE_SIZE * mc.moved_swap);
		__mem_cgroup_put(mc.from, mc.moved_swap);

		if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(mc.to)) {
			/*
			 * we charged both to->res and to->memsw, so we should
			 * uncharge to->res.
			 */
			res_counter_uncharge(&mc.to->res,
						PAGE_SIZE * mc.moved_swap);
		}
		/* we've already done mem_cgroup_get(mc.to) */
		mc.moved_swap = 0;
	}
	memcg_oom_recover(from);
	memcg_oom_recover(to);
	wake_up_all(&mc.waitq);
}

static void mem_cgroup_clear_mc(void)
{
	struct mem_cgroup *from = mc.from;

	/*
	 * we must clear moving_task before waking up waiters at the end of
	 * task migration.
	 */
	mc.moving_task = NULL;
	__mem_cgroup_clear_mc();
	spin_lock(&mc.lock);
	mc.from = NULL;
	mc.to = NULL;
	spin_unlock(&mc.lock);
	mem_cgroup_end_move(from);
}

static int mem_cgroup_can_attach(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
				struct cgroup *cgroup,
				struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
{
	struct task_struct *p = cgroup_taskset_first(tset);
	int ret = 0;
	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cgroup);

	if (memcg->move_charge_at_immigrate) {
		struct mm_struct *mm;
		struct mem_cgroup *from = mem_cgroup_from_task(p);

		VM_BUG_ON(from == memcg);

		mm = get_task_mm(p);
		if (!mm)
			return 0;
		/* We move charges only when we move a owner of the mm */
		if (mm->owner == p) {
			VM_BUG_ON(mc.from);
			VM_BUG_ON(mc.to);
			VM_BUG_ON(mc.precharge);
			VM_BUG_ON(mc.moved_charge);
			VM_BUG_ON(mc.moved_swap);
			mem_cgroup_start_move(from);
			spin_lock(&mc.lock);
			mc.from = from;
			mc.to = memcg;
			spin_unlock(&mc.lock);
			/* We set mc.moving_task later */

			ret = mem_cgroup_precharge_mc(mm);
			if (ret)
				mem_cgroup_clear_mc();
		}
		mmput(mm);
	}
	return ret;
}

static void mem_cgroup_cancel_attach(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
				struct cgroup *cgroup,
				struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
{
	mem_cgroup_clear_mc();
}

static int mem_cgroup_move_charge_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd,
				unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
				struct mm_walk *walk)
{
	int ret = 0;
	struct vm_area_struct *vma = walk->private;
	pte_t *pte;
	spinlock_t *ptl;

	split_huge_page_pmd(walk->mm, pmd);
retry:
	pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
	for (; addr != end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
		pte_t ptent = *(pte++);
		union mc_target target;
		int type;
		struct page *page;
		struct page_cgroup *pc;
		swp_entry_t ent;

		if (!mc.precharge)
			break;

		type = is_target_pte_for_mc(vma, addr, ptent, &target);
		switch (type) {
		case MC_TARGET_PAGE:
			page = target.page;
			if (isolate_lru_page(page))
				goto put;
			pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
			if (!mem_cgroup_move_account(page, 1, pc,
						     mc.from, mc.to, false)) {
				mc.precharge--;
				/* we uncharge from mc.from later. */
				mc.moved_charge++;
			}
			putback_lru_page(page);
put:			/* is_target_pte_for_mc() gets the page */
			put_page(page);
			break;
		case MC_TARGET_SWAP:
			ent = target.ent;
			if (!mem_cgroup_move_swap_account(ent,
						mc.from, mc.to, false)) {
				mc.precharge--;
				/* we fixup refcnts and charges later. */
				mc.moved_swap++;
			}
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
	cond_resched();

	if (addr != end) {
		/*
		 * We have consumed all precharges we got in can_attach().
		 * We try charge one by one, but don't do any additional
		 * charges to mc.to if we have failed in charge once in attach()
		 * phase.
		 */
		ret = mem_cgroup_do_precharge(1);
		if (!ret)
			goto retry;
	}

	return ret;
}

static void mem_cgroup_move_charge(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;

	lru_add_drain_all();
retry:
	if (unlikely(!down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem))) {
		/*
		 * Someone who are holding the mmap_sem might be waiting in
		 * waitq. So we cancel all extra charges, wake up all waiters,
		 * and retry. Because we cancel precharges, we might not be able
		 * to move enough charges, but moving charge is a best-effort
		 * feature anyway, so it wouldn't be a big problem.
		 */
		__mem_cgroup_clear_mc();
		cond_resched();
		goto retry;
	}
	for (vma = mm->mmap; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
		int ret;
		struct mm_walk mem_cgroup_move_charge_walk = {
			.pmd_entry = mem_cgroup_move_charge_pte_range,
			.mm = mm,
			.private = vma,
		};
		if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
			continue;
		ret = walk_page_range(vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end,
						&mem_cgroup_move_charge_walk);
		if (ret)
			/*
			 * means we have consumed all precharges and failed in
			 * doing additional charge. Just abandon here.
			 */
			break;
	}
	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
}

static void mem_cgroup_move_task(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
				struct cgroup *cont,
				struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
{
	struct task_struct *p = cgroup_taskset_first(tset);
	struct mm_struct *mm = get_task_mm(p);

	if (mm) {
		if (mc.to)
			mem_cgroup_move_charge(mm);
		put_swap_token(mm);
		mmput(mm);
	}
	if (mc.to)
		mem_cgroup_clear_mc();
}
#else	/* !CONFIG_MMU */
static int mem_cgroup_can_attach(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
				struct cgroup *cgroup,
				struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
{
	return 0;
}
static void mem_cgroup_cancel_attach(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
				struct cgroup *cgroup,
				struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
{
}
static void mem_cgroup_move_task(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
				struct cgroup *cont,
				struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
{
}
#endif

struct cgroup_subsys mem_cgroup_subsys = {
	.name = "memory",
	.subsys_id = mem_cgroup_subsys_id,
	.create = mem_cgroup_create,
	.pre_destroy = mem_cgroup_pre_destroy,
	.destroy = mem_cgroup_destroy,
	.populate = mem_cgroup_populate,
	.can_attach = mem_cgroup_can_attach,
	.cancel_attach = mem_cgroup_cancel_attach,
	.attach = mem_cgroup_move_task,
	.early_init = 0,
	.use_id = 1,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
static int __init enable_swap_account(char *s)
{
	/* consider enabled if no parameter or 1 is given */
	if (!strcmp(s, "1"))
		really_do_swap_account = 1;
	else if (!strcmp(s, "0"))
		really_do_swap_account = 0;
	return 1;
}
__setup("swapaccount=", enable_swap_account);

#endif