xref: /linux/lib/vsprintf.c (revision 9abdb50cda0ffe33bbb2e40cbad97b32fb7ff892)
1 /*
2  *  linux/lib/vsprintf.c
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
5  */
6 
7 /* vsprintf.c -- Lars Wirzenius & Linus Torvalds. */
8 /*
9  * Wirzenius wrote this portably, Torvalds fucked it up :-)
10  */
11 
12 /*
13  * Fri Jul 13 2001 Crutcher Dunnavant <crutcher+kernel@datastacks.com>
14  * - changed to provide snprintf and vsnprintf functions
15  * So Feb  1 16:51:32 CET 2004 Juergen Quade <quade@hsnr.de>
16  * - scnprintf and vscnprintf
17  */
18 
19 #include <stdarg.h>
20 #include <linux/build_bug.h>
21 #include <linux/clk.h>
22 #include <linux/clk-provider.h>
23 #include <linux/module.h>	/* for KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN */
24 #include <linux/types.h>
25 #include <linux/string.h>
26 #include <linux/ctype.h>
27 #include <linux/kernel.h>
28 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
29 #include <linux/math64.h>
30 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
31 #include <linux/ioport.h>
32 #include <linux/dcache.h>
33 #include <linux/cred.h>
34 #include <linux/rtc.h>
35 #include <linux/uuid.h>
36 #include <linux/of.h>
37 #include <net/addrconf.h>
38 #include <linux/siphash.h>
39 #include <linux/compiler.h>
40 #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
41 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
42 #endif
43 
44 #include "../mm/internal.h"	/* For the trace_print_flags arrays */
45 
46 #include <asm/page.h>		/* for PAGE_SIZE */
47 #include <asm/byteorder.h>	/* cpu_to_le16 */
48 
49 #include <linux/string_helpers.h>
50 #include "kstrtox.h"
51 
52 /**
53  * simple_strtoull - convert a string to an unsigned long long
54  * @cp: The start of the string
55  * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
56  * @base: The number base to use
57  *
58  * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtoull instead.
59  */
60 unsigned long long simple_strtoull(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
61 {
62 	unsigned long long result;
63 	unsigned int rv;
64 
65 	cp = _parse_integer_fixup_radix(cp, &base);
66 	rv = _parse_integer(cp, base, &result);
67 	/* FIXME */
68 	cp += (rv & ~KSTRTOX_OVERFLOW);
69 
70 	if (endp)
71 		*endp = (char *)cp;
72 
73 	return result;
74 }
75 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoull);
76 
77 /**
78  * simple_strtoul - convert a string to an unsigned long
79  * @cp: The start of the string
80  * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
81  * @base: The number base to use
82  *
83  * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtoul instead.
84  */
85 unsigned long simple_strtoul(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
86 {
87 	return simple_strtoull(cp, endp, base);
88 }
89 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoul);
90 
91 /**
92  * simple_strtol - convert a string to a signed long
93  * @cp: The start of the string
94  * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
95  * @base: The number base to use
96  *
97  * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtol instead.
98  */
99 long simple_strtol(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
100 {
101 	if (*cp == '-')
102 		return -simple_strtoul(cp + 1, endp, base);
103 
104 	return simple_strtoul(cp, endp, base);
105 }
106 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtol);
107 
108 /**
109  * simple_strtoll - convert a string to a signed long long
110  * @cp: The start of the string
111  * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
112  * @base: The number base to use
113  *
114  * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtoll instead.
115  */
116 long long simple_strtoll(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
117 {
118 	if (*cp == '-')
119 		return -simple_strtoull(cp + 1, endp, base);
120 
121 	return simple_strtoull(cp, endp, base);
122 }
123 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoll);
124 
125 static noinline_for_stack
126 int skip_atoi(const char **s)
127 {
128 	int i = 0;
129 
130 	do {
131 		i = i*10 + *((*s)++) - '0';
132 	} while (isdigit(**s));
133 
134 	return i;
135 }
136 
137 /*
138  * Decimal conversion is by far the most typical, and is used for
139  * /proc and /sys data. This directly impacts e.g. top performance
140  * with many processes running. We optimize it for speed by emitting
141  * two characters at a time, using a 200 byte lookup table. This
142  * roughly halves the number of multiplications compared to computing
143  * the digits one at a time. Implementation strongly inspired by the
144  * previous version, which in turn used ideas described at
145  * <http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/bcd/divide.html> (with permission
146  * from the author, Douglas W. Jones).
147  *
148  * It turns out there is precisely one 26 bit fixed-point
149  * approximation a of 64/100 for which x/100 == (x * (u64)a) >> 32
150  * holds for all x in [0, 10^8-1], namely a = 0x28f5c29. The actual
151  * range happens to be somewhat larger (x <= 1073741898), but that's
152  * irrelevant for our purpose.
153  *
154  * For dividing a number in the range [10^4, 10^6-1] by 100, we still
155  * need a 32x32->64 bit multiply, so we simply use the same constant.
156  *
157  * For dividing a number in the range [100, 10^4-1] by 100, there are
158  * several options. The simplest is (x * 0x147b) >> 19, which is valid
159  * for all x <= 43698.
160  */
161 
162 static const u16 decpair[100] = {
163 #define _(x) (__force u16) cpu_to_le16(((x % 10) | ((x / 10) << 8)) + 0x3030)
164 	_( 0), _( 1), _( 2), _( 3), _( 4), _( 5), _( 6), _( 7), _( 8), _( 9),
165 	_(10), _(11), _(12), _(13), _(14), _(15), _(16), _(17), _(18), _(19),
166 	_(20), _(21), _(22), _(23), _(24), _(25), _(26), _(27), _(28), _(29),
167 	_(30), _(31), _(32), _(33), _(34), _(35), _(36), _(37), _(38), _(39),
168 	_(40), _(41), _(42), _(43), _(44), _(45), _(46), _(47), _(48), _(49),
169 	_(50), _(51), _(52), _(53), _(54), _(55), _(56), _(57), _(58), _(59),
170 	_(60), _(61), _(62), _(63), _(64), _(65), _(66), _(67), _(68), _(69),
171 	_(70), _(71), _(72), _(73), _(74), _(75), _(76), _(77), _(78), _(79),
172 	_(80), _(81), _(82), _(83), _(84), _(85), _(86), _(87), _(88), _(89),
173 	_(90), _(91), _(92), _(93), _(94), _(95), _(96), _(97), _(98), _(99),
174 #undef _
175 };
176 
177 /*
178  * This will print a single '0' even if r == 0, since we would
179  * immediately jump to out_r where two 0s would be written but only
180  * one of them accounted for in buf. This is needed by ip4_string
181  * below. All other callers pass a non-zero value of r.
182 */
183 static noinline_for_stack
184 char *put_dec_trunc8(char *buf, unsigned r)
185 {
186 	unsigned q;
187 
188 	/* 1 <= r < 10^8 */
189 	if (r < 100)
190 		goto out_r;
191 
192 	/* 100 <= r < 10^8 */
193 	q = (r * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
194 	*((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
195 	buf += 2;
196 
197 	/* 1 <= q < 10^6 */
198 	if (q < 100)
199 		goto out_q;
200 
201 	/*  100 <= q < 10^6 */
202 	r = (q * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
203 	*((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q - 100*r];
204 	buf += 2;
205 
206 	/* 1 <= r < 10^4 */
207 	if (r < 100)
208 		goto out_r;
209 
210 	/* 100 <= r < 10^4 */
211 	q = (r * 0x147b) >> 19;
212 	*((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
213 	buf += 2;
214 out_q:
215 	/* 1 <= q < 100 */
216 	r = q;
217 out_r:
218 	/* 1 <= r < 100 */
219 	*((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r];
220 	buf += r < 10 ? 1 : 2;
221 	return buf;
222 }
223 
224 #if BITS_PER_LONG == 64 && BITS_PER_LONG_LONG == 64
225 static noinline_for_stack
226 char *put_dec_full8(char *buf, unsigned r)
227 {
228 	unsigned q;
229 
230 	/* 0 <= r < 10^8 */
231 	q = (r * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
232 	*((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
233 	buf += 2;
234 
235 	/* 0 <= q < 10^6 */
236 	r = (q * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
237 	*((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q - 100*r];
238 	buf += 2;
239 
240 	/* 0 <= r < 10^4 */
241 	q = (r * 0x147b) >> 19;
242 	*((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
243 	buf += 2;
244 
245 	/* 0 <= q < 100 */
246 	*((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q];
247 	buf += 2;
248 	return buf;
249 }
250 
251 static noinline_for_stack
252 char *put_dec(char *buf, unsigned long long n)
253 {
254 	if (n >= 100*1000*1000)
255 		buf = put_dec_full8(buf, do_div(n, 100*1000*1000));
256 	/* 1 <= n <= 1.6e11 */
257 	if (n >= 100*1000*1000)
258 		buf = put_dec_full8(buf, do_div(n, 100*1000*1000));
259 	/* 1 <= n < 1e8 */
260 	return put_dec_trunc8(buf, n);
261 }
262 
263 #elif BITS_PER_LONG == 32 && BITS_PER_LONG_LONG == 64
264 
265 static void
266 put_dec_full4(char *buf, unsigned r)
267 {
268 	unsigned q;
269 
270 	/* 0 <= r < 10^4 */
271 	q = (r * 0x147b) >> 19;
272 	*((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
273 	buf += 2;
274 	/* 0 <= q < 100 */
275 	*((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q];
276 }
277 
278 /*
279  * Call put_dec_full4 on x % 10000, return x / 10000.
280  * The approximation x/10000 == (x * 0x346DC5D7) >> 43
281  * holds for all x < 1,128,869,999.  The largest value this
282  * helper will ever be asked to convert is 1,125,520,955.
283  * (second call in the put_dec code, assuming n is all-ones).
284  */
285 static noinline_for_stack
286 unsigned put_dec_helper4(char *buf, unsigned x)
287 {
288         uint32_t q = (x * (uint64_t)0x346DC5D7) >> 43;
289 
290         put_dec_full4(buf, x - q * 10000);
291         return q;
292 }
293 
294 /* Based on code by Douglas W. Jones found at
295  * <http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/bcd/decimal.html#sixtyfour>
296  * (with permission from the author).
297  * Performs no 64-bit division and hence should be fast on 32-bit machines.
298  */
299 static
300 char *put_dec(char *buf, unsigned long long n)
301 {
302 	uint32_t d3, d2, d1, q, h;
303 
304 	if (n < 100*1000*1000)
305 		return put_dec_trunc8(buf, n);
306 
307 	d1  = ((uint32_t)n >> 16); /* implicit "& 0xffff" */
308 	h   = (n >> 32);
309 	d2  = (h      ) & 0xffff;
310 	d3  = (h >> 16); /* implicit "& 0xffff" */
311 
312 	/* n = 2^48 d3 + 2^32 d2 + 2^16 d1 + d0
313 	     = 281_4749_7671_0656 d3 + 42_9496_7296 d2 + 6_5536 d1 + d0 */
314 	q   = 656 * d3 + 7296 * d2 + 5536 * d1 + ((uint32_t)n & 0xffff);
315 	q = put_dec_helper4(buf, q);
316 
317 	q += 7671 * d3 + 9496 * d2 + 6 * d1;
318 	q = put_dec_helper4(buf+4, q);
319 
320 	q += 4749 * d3 + 42 * d2;
321 	q = put_dec_helper4(buf+8, q);
322 
323 	q += 281 * d3;
324 	buf += 12;
325 	if (q)
326 		buf = put_dec_trunc8(buf, q);
327 	else while (buf[-1] == '0')
328 		--buf;
329 
330 	return buf;
331 }
332 
333 #endif
334 
335 /*
336  * Convert passed number to decimal string.
337  * Returns the length of string.  On buffer overflow, returns 0.
338  *
339  * If speed is not important, use snprintf(). It's easy to read the code.
340  */
341 int num_to_str(char *buf, int size, unsigned long long num, unsigned int width)
342 {
343 	/* put_dec requires 2-byte alignment of the buffer. */
344 	char tmp[sizeof(num) * 3] __aligned(2);
345 	int idx, len;
346 
347 	/* put_dec() may work incorrectly for num = 0 (generate "", not "0") */
348 	if (num <= 9) {
349 		tmp[0] = '0' + num;
350 		len = 1;
351 	} else {
352 		len = put_dec(tmp, num) - tmp;
353 	}
354 
355 	if (len > size || width > size)
356 		return 0;
357 
358 	if (width > len) {
359 		width = width - len;
360 		for (idx = 0; idx < width; idx++)
361 			buf[idx] = ' ';
362 	} else {
363 		width = 0;
364 	}
365 
366 	for (idx = 0; idx < len; ++idx)
367 		buf[idx + width] = tmp[len - idx - 1];
368 
369 	return len + width;
370 }
371 
372 #define SIGN	1		/* unsigned/signed, must be 1 */
373 #define LEFT	2		/* left justified */
374 #define PLUS	4		/* show plus */
375 #define SPACE	8		/* space if plus */
376 #define ZEROPAD	16		/* pad with zero, must be 16 == '0' - ' ' */
377 #define SMALL	32		/* use lowercase in hex (must be 32 == 0x20) */
378 #define SPECIAL	64		/* prefix hex with "0x", octal with "0" */
379 
380 enum format_type {
381 	FORMAT_TYPE_NONE, /* Just a string part */
382 	FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH,
383 	FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION,
384 	FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR,
385 	FORMAT_TYPE_STR,
386 	FORMAT_TYPE_PTR,
387 	FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR,
388 	FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID,
389 	FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG,
390 	FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG,
391 	FORMAT_TYPE_LONG,
392 	FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE,
393 	FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE,
394 	FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT,
395 	FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT,
396 	FORMAT_TYPE_UINT,
397 	FORMAT_TYPE_INT,
398 	FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T,
399 	FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF
400 };
401 
402 struct printf_spec {
403 	unsigned int	type:8;		/* format_type enum */
404 	signed int	field_width:24;	/* width of output field */
405 	unsigned int	flags:8;	/* flags to number() */
406 	unsigned int	base:8;		/* number base, 8, 10 or 16 only */
407 	signed int	precision:16;	/* # of digits/chars */
408 } __packed;
409 static_assert(sizeof(struct printf_spec) == 8);
410 
411 #define FIELD_WIDTH_MAX ((1 << 23) - 1)
412 #define PRECISION_MAX ((1 << 15) - 1)
413 
414 static noinline_for_stack
415 char *number(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long long num,
416 	     struct printf_spec spec)
417 {
418 	/* put_dec requires 2-byte alignment of the buffer. */
419 	char tmp[3 * sizeof(num)] __aligned(2);
420 	char sign;
421 	char locase;
422 	int need_pfx = ((spec.flags & SPECIAL) && spec.base != 10);
423 	int i;
424 	bool is_zero = num == 0LL;
425 	int field_width = spec.field_width;
426 	int precision = spec.precision;
427 
428 	/* locase = 0 or 0x20. ORing digits or letters with 'locase'
429 	 * produces same digits or (maybe lowercased) letters */
430 	locase = (spec.flags & SMALL);
431 	if (spec.flags & LEFT)
432 		spec.flags &= ~ZEROPAD;
433 	sign = 0;
434 	if (spec.flags & SIGN) {
435 		if ((signed long long)num < 0) {
436 			sign = '-';
437 			num = -(signed long long)num;
438 			field_width--;
439 		} else if (spec.flags & PLUS) {
440 			sign = '+';
441 			field_width--;
442 		} else if (spec.flags & SPACE) {
443 			sign = ' ';
444 			field_width--;
445 		}
446 	}
447 	if (need_pfx) {
448 		if (spec.base == 16)
449 			field_width -= 2;
450 		else if (!is_zero)
451 			field_width--;
452 	}
453 
454 	/* generate full string in tmp[], in reverse order */
455 	i = 0;
456 	if (num < spec.base)
457 		tmp[i++] = hex_asc_upper[num] | locase;
458 	else if (spec.base != 10) { /* 8 or 16 */
459 		int mask = spec.base - 1;
460 		int shift = 3;
461 
462 		if (spec.base == 16)
463 			shift = 4;
464 		do {
465 			tmp[i++] = (hex_asc_upper[((unsigned char)num) & mask] | locase);
466 			num >>= shift;
467 		} while (num);
468 	} else { /* base 10 */
469 		i = put_dec(tmp, num) - tmp;
470 	}
471 
472 	/* printing 100 using %2d gives "100", not "00" */
473 	if (i > precision)
474 		precision = i;
475 	/* leading space padding */
476 	field_width -= precision;
477 	if (!(spec.flags & (ZEROPAD | LEFT))) {
478 		while (--field_width >= 0) {
479 			if (buf < end)
480 				*buf = ' ';
481 			++buf;
482 		}
483 	}
484 	/* sign */
485 	if (sign) {
486 		if (buf < end)
487 			*buf = sign;
488 		++buf;
489 	}
490 	/* "0x" / "0" prefix */
491 	if (need_pfx) {
492 		if (spec.base == 16 || !is_zero) {
493 			if (buf < end)
494 				*buf = '0';
495 			++buf;
496 		}
497 		if (spec.base == 16) {
498 			if (buf < end)
499 				*buf = ('X' | locase);
500 			++buf;
501 		}
502 	}
503 	/* zero or space padding */
504 	if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
505 		char c = ' ' + (spec.flags & ZEROPAD);
506 		BUILD_BUG_ON(' ' + ZEROPAD != '0');
507 		while (--field_width >= 0) {
508 			if (buf < end)
509 				*buf = c;
510 			++buf;
511 		}
512 	}
513 	/* hmm even more zero padding? */
514 	while (i <= --precision) {
515 		if (buf < end)
516 			*buf = '0';
517 		++buf;
518 	}
519 	/* actual digits of result */
520 	while (--i >= 0) {
521 		if (buf < end)
522 			*buf = tmp[i];
523 		++buf;
524 	}
525 	/* trailing space padding */
526 	while (--field_width >= 0) {
527 		if (buf < end)
528 			*buf = ' ';
529 		++buf;
530 	}
531 
532 	return buf;
533 }
534 
535 static noinline_for_stack
536 char *special_hex_number(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long long num, int size)
537 {
538 	struct printf_spec spec;
539 
540 	spec.type = FORMAT_TYPE_PTR;
541 	spec.field_width = 2 + 2 * size;	/* 0x + hex */
542 	spec.flags = SPECIAL | SMALL | ZEROPAD;
543 	spec.base = 16;
544 	spec.precision = -1;
545 
546 	return number(buf, end, num, spec);
547 }
548 
549 static void move_right(char *buf, char *end, unsigned len, unsigned spaces)
550 {
551 	size_t size;
552 	if (buf >= end)	/* nowhere to put anything */
553 		return;
554 	size = end - buf;
555 	if (size <= spaces) {
556 		memset(buf, ' ', size);
557 		return;
558 	}
559 	if (len) {
560 		if (len > size - spaces)
561 			len = size - spaces;
562 		memmove(buf + spaces, buf, len);
563 	}
564 	memset(buf, ' ', spaces);
565 }
566 
567 /*
568  * Handle field width padding for a string.
569  * @buf: current buffer position
570  * @n: length of string
571  * @end: end of output buffer
572  * @spec: for field width and flags
573  * Returns: new buffer position after padding.
574  */
575 static noinline_for_stack
576 char *widen_string(char *buf, int n, char *end, struct printf_spec spec)
577 {
578 	unsigned spaces;
579 
580 	if (likely(n >= spec.field_width))
581 		return buf;
582 	/* we want to pad the sucker */
583 	spaces = spec.field_width - n;
584 	if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
585 		move_right(buf - n, end, n, spaces);
586 		return buf + spaces;
587 	}
588 	while (spaces--) {
589 		if (buf < end)
590 			*buf = ' ';
591 		++buf;
592 	}
593 	return buf;
594 }
595 
596 static noinline_for_stack
597 char *string(char *buf, char *end, const char *s, struct printf_spec spec)
598 {
599 	int len = 0;
600 	size_t lim = spec.precision;
601 
602 	if ((unsigned long)s < PAGE_SIZE)
603 		s = "(null)";
604 
605 	while (lim--) {
606 		char c = *s++;
607 		if (!c)
608 			break;
609 		if (buf < end)
610 			*buf = c;
611 		++buf;
612 		++len;
613 	}
614 	return widen_string(buf, len, end, spec);
615 }
616 
617 static noinline_for_stack
618 char *pointer_string(char *buf, char *end, const void *ptr,
619 		     struct printf_spec spec)
620 {
621 	spec.base = 16;
622 	spec.flags |= SMALL;
623 	if (spec.field_width == -1) {
624 		spec.field_width = 2 * sizeof(ptr);
625 		spec.flags |= ZEROPAD;
626 	}
627 
628 	return number(buf, end, (unsigned long int)ptr, spec);
629 }
630 
631 /* Make pointers available for printing early in the boot sequence. */
632 static int debug_boot_weak_hash __ro_after_init;
633 
634 static int __init debug_boot_weak_hash_enable(char *str)
635 {
636 	debug_boot_weak_hash = 1;
637 	pr_info("debug_boot_weak_hash enabled\n");
638 	return 0;
639 }
640 early_param("debug_boot_weak_hash", debug_boot_weak_hash_enable);
641 
642 static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_TRUE(not_filled_random_ptr_key);
643 static siphash_key_t ptr_key __read_mostly;
644 
645 static void enable_ptr_key_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
646 {
647 	get_random_bytes(&ptr_key, sizeof(ptr_key));
648 	/* Needs to run from preemptible context */
649 	static_branch_disable(&not_filled_random_ptr_key);
650 }
651 
652 static DECLARE_WORK(enable_ptr_key_work, enable_ptr_key_workfn);
653 
654 static void fill_random_ptr_key(struct random_ready_callback *unused)
655 {
656 	/* This may be in an interrupt handler. */
657 	queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &enable_ptr_key_work);
658 }
659 
660 static struct random_ready_callback random_ready = {
661 	.func = fill_random_ptr_key
662 };
663 
664 static int __init initialize_ptr_random(void)
665 {
666 	int key_size = sizeof(ptr_key);
667 	int ret;
668 
669 	/* Use hw RNG if available. */
670 	if (get_random_bytes_arch(&ptr_key, key_size) == key_size) {
671 		static_branch_disable(&not_filled_random_ptr_key);
672 		return 0;
673 	}
674 
675 	ret = add_random_ready_callback(&random_ready);
676 	if (!ret) {
677 		return 0;
678 	} else if (ret == -EALREADY) {
679 		/* This is in preemptible context */
680 		enable_ptr_key_workfn(&enable_ptr_key_work);
681 		return 0;
682 	}
683 
684 	return ret;
685 }
686 early_initcall(initialize_ptr_random);
687 
688 /* Maps a pointer to a 32 bit unique identifier. */
689 static char *ptr_to_id(char *buf, char *end, const void *ptr,
690 		       struct printf_spec spec)
691 {
692 	const char *str = sizeof(ptr) == 8 ? "(____ptrval____)" : "(ptrval)";
693 	unsigned long hashval;
694 
695 	/* When debugging early boot use non-cryptographically secure hash. */
696 	if (unlikely(debug_boot_weak_hash)) {
697 		hashval = hash_long((unsigned long)ptr, 32);
698 		return pointer_string(buf, end, (const void *)hashval, spec);
699 	}
700 
701 	if (static_branch_unlikely(&not_filled_random_ptr_key)) {
702 		spec.field_width = 2 * sizeof(ptr);
703 		/* string length must be less than default_width */
704 		return string(buf, end, str, spec);
705 	}
706 
707 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
708 	hashval = (unsigned long)siphash_1u64((u64)ptr, &ptr_key);
709 	/*
710 	 * Mask off the first 32 bits, this makes explicit that we have
711 	 * modified the address (and 32 bits is plenty for a unique ID).
712 	 */
713 	hashval = hashval & 0xffffffff;
714 #else
715 	hashval = (unsigned long)siphash_1u32((u32)ptr, &ptr_key);
716 #endif
717 	return pointer_string(buf, end, (const void *)hashval, spec);
718 }
719 
720 static noinline_for_stack
721 char *dentry_name(char *buf, char *end, const struct dentry *d, struct printf_spec spec,
722 		  const char *fmt)
723 {
724 	const char *array[4], *s;
725 	const struct dentry *p;
726 	int depth;
727 	int i, n;
728 
729 	switch (fmt[1]) {
730 		case '2': case '3': case '4':
731 			depth = fmt[1] - '0';
732 			break;
733 		default:
734 			depth = 1;
735 	}
736 
737 	rcu_read_lock();
738 	for (i = 0; i < depth; i++, d = p) {
739 		p = READ_ONCE(d->d_parent);
740 		array[i] = READ_ONCE(d->d_name.name);
741 		if (p == d) {
742 			if (i)
743 				array[i] = "";
744 			i++;
745 			break;
746 		}
747 	}
748 	s = array[--i];
749 	for (n = 0; n != spec.precision; n++, buf++) {
750 		char c = *s++;
751 		if (!c) {
752 			if (!i)
753 				break;
754 			c = '/';
755 			s = array[--i];
756 		}
757 		if (buf < end)
758 			*buf = c;
759 	}
760 	rcu_read_unlock();
761 	return widen_string(buf, n, end, spec);
762 }
763 
764 #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
765 static noinline_for_stack
766 char *bdev_name(char *buf, char *end, struct block_device *bdev,
767 		struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
768 {
769 	struct gendisk *hd = bdev->bd_disk;
770 
771 	buf = string(buf, end, hd->disk_name, spec);
772 	if (bdev->bd_part->partno) {
773 		if (isdigit(hd->disk_name[strlen(hd->disk_name)-1])) {
774 			if (buf < end)
775 				*buf = 'p';
776 			buf++;
777 		}
778 		buf = number(buf, end, bdev->bd_part->partno, spec);
779 	}
780 	return buf;
781 }
782 #endif
783 
784 static noinline_for_stack
785 char *symbol_string(char *buf, char *end, void *ptr,
786 		    struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
787 {
788 	unsigned long value;
789 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
790 	char sym[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
791 #endif
792 
793 	if (fmt[1] == 'R')
794 		ptr = __builtin_extract_return_addr(ptr);
795 	value = (unsigned long)ptr;
796 
797 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
798 	if (*fmt == 'B')
799 		sprint_backtrace(sym, value);
800 	else if (*fmt != 'f' && *fmt != 's')
801 		sprint_symbol(sym, value);
802 	else
803 		sprint_symbol_no_offset(sym, value);
804 
805 	return string(buf, end, sym, spec);
806 #else
807 	return special_hex_number(buf, end, value, sizeof(void *));
808 #endif
809 }
810 
811 static const struct printf_spec default_str_spec = {
812 	.field_width = -1,
813 	.precision = -1,
814 };
815 
816 static const struct printf_spec default_flag_spec = {
817 	.base = 16,
818 	.precision = -1,
819 	.flags = SPECIAL | SMALL,
820 };
821 
822 static const struct printf_spec default_dec_spec = {
823 	.base = 10,
824 	.precision = -1,
825 };
826 
827 static const struct printf_spec default_dec02_spec = {
828 	.base = 10,
829 	.field_width = 2,
830 	.precision = -1,
831 	.flags = ZEROPAD,
832 };
833 
834 static const struct printf_spec default_dec04_spec = {
835 	.base = 10,
836 	.field_width = 4,
837 	.precision = -1,
838 	.flags = ZEROPAD,
839 };
840 
841 static noinline_for_stack
842 char *resource_string(char *buf, char *end, struct resource *res,
843 		      struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
844 {
845 #ifndef IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE
846 #define IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE	6
847 #endif
848 
849 #ifndef MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE
850 #define MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE	10
851 #endif
852 	static const struct printf_spec io_spec = {
853 		.base = 16,
854 		.field_width = IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE,
855 		.precision = -1,
856 		.flags = SPECIAL | SMALL | ZEROPAD,
857 	};
858 	static const struct printf_spec mem_spec = {
859 		.base = 16,
860 		.field_width = MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE,
861 		.precision = -1,
862 		.flags = SPECIAL | SMALL | ZEROPAD,
863 	};
864 	static const struct printf_spec bus_spec = {
865 		.base = 16,
866 		.field_width = 2,
867 		.precision = -1,
868 		.flags = SMALL | ZEROPAD,
869 	};
870 	static const struct printf_spec str_spec = {
871 		.field_width = -1,
872 		.precision = 10,
873 		.flags = LEFT,
874 	};
875 
876 	/* 32-bit res (sizeof==4): 10 chars in dec, 10 in hex ("0x" + 8)
877 	 * 64-bit res (sizeof==8): 20 chars in dec, 18 in hex ("0x" + 16) */
878 #define RSRC_BUF_SIZE		((2 * sizeof(resource_size_t)) + 4)
879 #define FLAG_BUF_SIZE		(2 * sizeof(res->flags))
880 #define DECODED_BUF_SIZE	sizeof("[mem - 64bit pref window disabled]")
881 #define RAW_BUF_SIZE		sizeof("[mem - flags 0x]")
882 	char sym[max(2*RSRC_BUF_SIZE + DECODED_BUF_SIZE,
883 		     2*RSRC_BUF_SIZE + FLAG_BUF_SIZE + RAW_BUF_SIZE)];
884 
885 	char *p = sym, *pend = sym + sizeof(sym);
886 	int decode = (fmt[0] == 'R') ? 1 : 0;
887 	const struct printf_spec *specp;
888 
889 	*p++ = '[';
890 	if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_IO) {
891 		p = string(p, pend, "io  ", str_spec);
892 		specp = &io_spec;
893 	} else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM) {
894 		p = string(p, pend, "mem ", str_spec);
895 		specp = &mem_spec;
896 	} else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_IRQ) {
897 		p = string(p, pend, "irq ", str_spec);
898 		specp = &default_dec_spec;
899 	} else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_DMA) {
900 		p = string(p, pend, "dma ", str_spec);
901 		specp = &default_dec_spec;
902 	} else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_BUS) {
903 		p = string(p, pend, "bus ", str_spec);
904 		specp = &bus_spec;
905 	} else {
906 		p = string(p, pend, "??? ", str_spec);
907 		specp = &mem_spec;
908 		decode = 0;
909 	}
910 	if (decode && res->flags & IORESOURCE_UNSET) {
911 		p = string(p, pend, "size ", str_spec);
912 		p = number(p, pend, resource_size(res), *specp);
913 	} else {
914 		p = number(p, pend, res->start, *specp);
915 		if (res->start != res->end) {
916 			*p++ = '-';
917 			p = number(p, pend, res->end, *specp);
918 		}
919 	}
920 	if (decode) {
921 		if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM_64)
922 			p = string(p, pend, " 64bit", str_spec);
923 		if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_PREFETCH)
924 			p = string(p, pend, " pref", str_spec);
925 		if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_WINDOW)
926 			p = string(p, pend, " window", str_spec);
927 		if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_DISABLED)
928 			p = string(p, pend, " disabled", str_spec);
929 	} else {
930 		p = string(p, pend, " flags ", str_spec);
931 		p = number(p, pend, res->flags, default_flag_spec);
932 	}
933 	*p++ = ']';
934 	*p = '\0';
935 
936 	return string(buf, end, sym, spec);
937 }
938 
939 static noinline_for_stack
940 char *hex_string(char *buf, char *end, u8 *addr, struct printf_spec spec,
941 		 const char *fmt)
942 {
943 	int i, len = 1;		/* if we pass '%ph[CDN]', field width remains
944 				   negative value, fallback to the default */
945 	char separator;
946 
947 	if (spec.field_width == 0)
948 		/* nothing to print */
949 		return buf;
950 
951 	if (ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(addr))
952 		/* NULL pointer */
953 		return string(buf, end, NULL, spec);
954 
955 	switch (fmt[1]) {
956 	case 'C':
957 		separator = ':';
958 		break;
959 	case 'D':
960 		separator = '-';
961 		break;
962 	case 'N':
963 		separator = 0;
964 		break;
965 	default:
966 		separator = ' ';
967 		break;
968 	}
969 
970 	if (spec.field_width > 0)
971 		len = min_t(int, spec.field_width, 64);
972 
973 	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
974 		if (buf < end)
975 			*buf = hex_asc_hi(addr[i]);
976 		++buf;
977 		if (buf < end)
978 			*buf = hex_asc_lo(addr[i]);
979 		++buf;
980 
981 		if (separator && i != len - 1) {
982 			if (buf < end)
983 				*buf = separator;
984 			++buf;
985 		}
986 	}
987 
988 	return buf;
989 }
990 
991 static noinline_for_stack
992 char *bitmap_string(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long *bitmap,
993 		    struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
994 {
995 	const int CHUNKSZ = 32;
996 	int nr_bits = max_t(int, spec.field_width, 0);
997 	int i, chunksz;
998 	bool first = true;
999 
1000 	/* reused to print numbers */
1001 	spec = (struct printf_spec){ .flags = SMALL | ZEROPAD, .base = 16 };
1002 
1003 	chunksz = nr_bits & (CHUNKSZ - 1);
1004 	if (chunksz == 0)
1005 		chunksz = CHUNKSZ;
1006 
1007 	i = ALIGN(nr_bits, CHUNKSZ) - CHUNKSZ;
1008 	for (; i >= 0; i -= CHUNKSZ) {
1009 		u32 chunkmask, val;
1010 		int word, bit;
1011 
1012 		chunkmask = ((1ULL << chunksz) - 1);
1013 		word = i / BITS_PER_LONG;
1014 		bit = i % BITS_PER_LONG;
1015 		val = (bitmap[word] >> bit) & chunkmask;
1016 
1017 		if (!first) {
1018 			if (buf < end)
1019 				*buf = ',';
1020 			buf++;
1021 		}
1022 		first = false;
1023 
1024 		spec.field_width = DIV_ROUND_UP(chunksz, 4);
1025 		buf = number(buf, end, val, spec);
1026 
1027 		chunksz = CHUNKSZ;
1028 	}
1029 	return buf;
1030 }
1031 
1032 static noinline_for_stack
1033 char *bitmap_list_string(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long *bitmap,
1034 			 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1035 {
1036 	int nr_bits = max_t(int, spec.field_width, 0);
1037 	/* current bit is 'cur', most recently seen range is [rbot, rtop] */
1038 	int cur, rbot, rtop;
1039 	bool first = true;
1040 
1041 	rbot = cur = find_first_bit(bitmap, nr_bits);
1042 	while (cur < nr_bits) {
1043 		rtop = cur;
1044 		cur = find_next_bit(bitmap, nr_bits, cur + 1);
1045 		if (cur < nr_bits && cur <= rtop + 1)
1046 			continue;
1047 
1048 		if (!first) {
1049 			if (buf < end)
1050 				*buf = ',';
1051 			buf++;
1052 		}
1053 		first = false;
1054 
1055 		buf = number(buf, end, rbot, default_dec_spec);
1056 		if (rbot < rtop) {
1057 			if (buf < end)
1058 				*buf = '-';
1059 			buf++;
1060 
1061 			buf = number(buf, end, rtop, default_dec_spec);
1062 		}
1063 
1064 		rbot = cur;
1065 	}
1066 	return buf;
1067 }
1068 
1069 static noinline_for_stack
1070 char *mac_address_string(char *buf, char *end, u8 *addr,
1071 			 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1072 {
1073 	char mac_addr[sizeof("xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx")];
1074 	char *p = mac_addr;
1075 	int i;
1076 	char separator;
1077 	bool reversed = false;
1078 
1079 	switch (fmt[1]) {
1080 	case 'F':
1081 		separator = '-';
1082 		break;
1083 
1084 	case 'R':
1085 		reversed = true;
1086 		/* fall through */
1087 
1088 	default:
1089 		separator = ':';
1090 		break;
1091 	}
1092 
1093 	for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
1094 		if (reversed)
1095 			p = hex_byte_pack(p, addr[5 - i]);
1096 		else
1097 			p = hex_byte_pack(p, addr[i]);
1098 
1099 		if (fmt[0] == 'M' && i != 5)
1100 			*p++ = separator;
1101 	}
1102 	*p = '\0';
1103 
1104 	return string(buf, end, mac_addr, spec);
1105 }
1106 
1107 static noinline_for_stack
1108 char *ip4_string(char *p, const u8 *addr, const char *fmt)
1109 {
1110 	int i;
1111 	bool leading_zeros = (fmt[0] == 'i');
1112 	int index;
1113 	int step;
1114 
1115 	switch (fmt[2]) {
1116 	case 'h':
1117 #ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
1118 		index = 0;
1119 		step = 1;
1120 #else
1121 		index = 3;
1122 		step = -1;
1123 #endif
1124 		break;
1125 	case 'l':
1126 		index = 3;
1127 		step = -1;
1128 		break;
1129 	case 'n':
1130 	case 'b':
1131 	default:
1132 		index = 0;
1133 		step = 1;
1134 		break;
1135 	}
1136 	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
1137 		char temp[4] __aligned(2);	/* hold each IP quad in reverse order */
1138 		int digits = put_dec_trunc8(temp, addr[index]) - temp;
1139 		if (leading_zeros) {
1140 			if (digits < 3)
1141 				*p++ = '0';
1142 			if (digits < 2)
1143 				*p++ = '0';
1144 		}
1145 		/* reverse the digits in the quad */
1146 		while (digits--)
1147 			*p++ = temp[digits];
1148 		if (i < 3)
1149 			*p++ = '.';
1150 		index += step;
1151 	}
1152 	*p = '\0';
1153 
1154 	return p;
1155 }
1156 
1157 static noinline_for_stack
1158 char *ip6_compressed_string(char *p, const char *addr)
1159 {
1160 	int i, j, range;
1161 	unsigned char zerolength[8];
1162 	int longest = 1;
1163 	int colonpos = -1;
1164 	u16 word;
1165 	u8 hi, lo;
1166 	bool needcolon = false;
1167 	bool useIPv4;
1168 	struct in6_addr in6;
1169 
1170 	memcpy(&in6, addr, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
1171 
1172 	useIPv4 = ipv6_addr_v4mapped(&in6) || ipv6_addr_is_isatap(&in6);
1173 
1174 	memset(zerolength, 0, sizeof(zerolength));
1175 
1176 	if (useIPv4)
1177 		range = 6;
1178 	else
1179 		range = 8;
1180 
1181 	/* find position of longest 0 run */
1182 	for (i = 0; i < range; i++) {
1183 		for (j = i; j < range; j++) {
1184 			if (in6.s6_addr16[j] != 0)
1185 				break;
1186 			zerolength[i]++;
1187 		}
1188 	}
1189 	for (i = 0; i < range; i++) {
1190 		if (zerolength[i] > longest) {
1191 			longest = zerolength[i];
1192 			colonpos = i;
1193 		}
1194 	}
1195 	if (longest == 1)		/* don't compress a single 0 */
1196 		colonpos = -1;
1197 
1198 	/* emit address */
1199 	for (i = 0; i < range; i++) {
1200 		if (i == colonpos) {
1201 			if (needcolon || i == 0)
1202 				*p++ = ':';
1203 			*p++ = ':';
1204 			needcolon = false;
1205 			i += longest - 1;
1206 			continue;
1207 		}
1208 		if (needcolon) {
1209 			*p++ = ':';
1210 			needcolon = false;
1211 		}
1212 		/* hex u16 without leading 0s */
1213 		word = ntohs(in6.s6_addr16[i]);
1214 		hi = word >> 8;
1215 		lo = word & 0xff;
1216 		if (hi) {
1217 			if (hi > 0x0f)
1218 				p = hex_byte_pack(p, hi);
1219 			else
1220 				*p++ = hex_asc_lo(hi);
1221 			p = hex_byte_pack(p, lo);
1222 		}
1223 		else if (lo > 0x0f)
1224 			p = hex_byte_pack(p, lo);
1225 		else
1226 			*p++ = hex_asc_lo(lo);
1227 		needcolon = true;
1228 	}
1229 
1230 	if (useIPv4) {
1231 		if (needcolon)
1232 			*p++ = ':';
1233 		p = ip4_string(p, &in6.s6_addr[12], "I4");
1234 	}
1235 	*p = '\0';
1236 
1237 	return p;
1238 }
1239 
1240 static noinline_for_stack
1241 char *ip6_string(char *p, const char *addr, const char *fmt)
1242 {
1243 	int i;
1244 
1245 	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
1246 		p = hex_byte_pack(p, *addr++);
1247 		p = hex_byte_pack(p, *addr++);
1248 		if (fmt[0] == 'I' && i != 7)
1249 			*p++ = ':';
1250 	}
1251 	*p = '\0';
1252 
1253 	return p;
1254 }
1255 
1256 static noinline_for_stack
1257 char *ip6_addr_string(char *buf, char *end, const u8 *addr,
1258 		      struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1259 {
1260 	char ip6_addr[sizeof("xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:255.255.255.255")];
1261 
1262 	if (fmt[0] == 'I' && fmt[2] == 'c')
1263 		ip6_compressed_string(ip6_addr, addr);
1264 	else
1265 		ip6_string(ip6_addr, addr, fmt);
1266 
1267 	return string(buf, end, ip6_addr, spec);
1268 }
1269 
1270 static noinline_for_stack
1271 char *ip4_addr_string(char *buf, char *end, const u8 *addr,
1272 		      struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1273 {
1274 	char ip4_addr[sizeof("255.255.255.255")];
1275 
1276 	ip4_string(ip4_addr, addr, fmt);
1277 
1278 	return string(buf, end, ip4_addr, spec);
1279 }
1280 
1281 static noinline_for_stack
1282 char *ip6_addr_string_sa(char *buf, char *end, const struct sockaddr_in6 *sa,
1283 			 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1284 {
1285 	bool have_p = false, have_s = false, have_f = false, have_c = false;
1286 	char ip6_addr[sizeof("[xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:255.255.255.255]") +
1287 		      sizeof(":12345") + sizeof("/123456789") +
1288 		      sizeof("%1234567890")];
1289 	char *p = ip6_addr, *pend = ip6_addr + sizeof(ip6_addr);
1290 	const u8 *addr = (const u8 *) &sa->sin6_addr;
1291 	char fmt6[2] = { fmt[0], '6' };
1292 	u8 off = 0;
1293 
1294 	fmt++;
1295 	while (isalpha(*++fmt)) {
1296 		switch (*fmt) {
1297 		case 'p':
1298 			have_p = true;
1299 			break;
1300 		case 'f':
1301 			have_f = true;
1302 			break;
1303 		case 's':
1304 			have_s = true;
1305 			break;
1306 		case 'c':
1307 			have_c = true;
1308 			break;
1309 		}
1310 	}
1311 
1312 	if (have_p || have_s || have_f) {
1313 		*p = '[';
1314 		off = 1;
1315 	}
1316 
1317 	if (fmt6[0] == 'I' && have_c)
1318 		p = ip6_compressed_string(ip6_addr + off, addr);
1319 	else
1320 		p = ip6_string(ip6_addr + off, addr, fmt6);
1321 
1322 	if (have_p || have_s || have_f)
1323 		*p++ = ']';
1324 
1325 	if (have_p) {
1326 		*p++ = ':';
1327 		p = number(p, pend, ntohs(sa->sin6_port), spec);
1328 	}
1329 	if (have_f) {
1330 		*p++ = '/';
1331 		p = number(p, pend, ntohl(sa->sin6_flowinfo &
1332 					  IPV6_FLOWINFO_MASK), spec);
1333 	}
1334 	if (have_s) {
1335 		*p++ = '%';
1336 		p = number(p, pend, sa->sin6_scope_id, spec);
1337 	}
1338 	*p = '\0';
1339 
1340 	return string(buf, end, ip6_addr, spec);
1341 }
1342 
1343 static noinline_for_stack
1344 char *ip4_addr_string_sa(char *buf, char *end, const struct sockaddr_in *sa,
1345 			 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1346 {
1347 	bool have_p = false;
1348 	char *p, ip4_addr[sizeof("255.255.255.255") + sizeof(":12345")];
1349 	char *pend = ip4_addr + sizeof(ip4_addr);
1350 	const u8 *addr = (const u8 *) &sa->sin_addr.s_addr;
1351 	char fmt4[3] = { fmt[0], '4', 0 };
1352 
1353 	fmt++;
1354 	while (isalpha(*++fmt)) {
1355 		switch (*fmt) {
1356 		case 'p':
1357 			have_p = true;
1358 			break;
1359 		case 'h':
1360 		case 'l':
1361 		case 'n':
1362 		case 'b':
1363 			fmt4[2] = *fmt;
1364 			break;
1365 		}
1366 	}
1367 
1368 	p = ip4_string(ip4_addr, addr, fmt4);
1369 	if (have_p) {
1370 		*p++ = ':';
1371 		p = number(p, pend, ntohs(sa->sin_port), spec);
1372 	}
1373 	*p = '\0';
1374 
1375 	return string(buf, end, ip4_addr, spec);
1376 }
1377 
1378 static noinline_for_stack
1379 char *escaped_string(char *buf, char *end, u8 *addr, struct printf_spec spec,
1380 		     const char *fmt)
1381 {
1382 	bool found = true;
1383 	int count = 1;
1384 	unsigned int flags = 0;
1385 	int len;
1386 
1387 	if (spec.field_width == 0)
1388 		return buf;				/* nothing to print */
1389 
1390 	if (ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(addr))
1391 		return string(buf, end, NULL, spec);	/* NULL pointer */
1392 
1393 
1394 	do {
1395 		switch (fmt[count++]) {
1396 		case 'a':
1397 			flags |= ESCAPE_ANY;
1398 			break;
1399 		case 'c':
1400 			flags |= ESCAPE_SPECIAL;
1401 			break;
1402 		case 'h':
1403 			flags |= ESCAPE_HEX;
1404 			break;
1405 		case 'n':
1406 			flags |= ESCAPE_NULL;
1407 			break;
1408 		case 'o':
1409 			flags |= ESCAPE_OCTAL;
1410 			break;
1411 		case 'p':
1412 			flags |= ESCAPE_NP;
1413 			break;
1414 		case 's':
1415 			flags |= ESCAPE_SPACE;
1416 			break;
1417 		default:
1418 			found = false;
1419 			break;
1420 		}
1421 	} while (found);
1422 
1423 	if (!flags)
1424 		flags = ESCAPE_ANY_NP;
1425 
1426 	len = spec.field_width < 0 ? 1 : spec.field_width;
1427 
1428 	/*
1429 	 * string_escape_mem() writes as many characters as it can to
1430 	 * the given buffer, and returns the total size of the output
1431 	 * had the buffer been big enough.
1432 	 */
1433 	buf += string_escape_mem(addr, len, buf, buf < end ? end - buf : 0, flags, NULL);
1434 
1435 	return buf;
1436 }
1437 
1438 static noinline_for_stack
1439 char *uuid_string(char *buf, char *end, const u8 *addr,
1440 		  struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1441 {
1442 	char uuid[UUID_STRING_LEN + 1];
1443 	char *p = uuid;
1444 	int i;
1445 	const u8 *index = uuid_index;
1446 	bool uc = false;
1447 
1448 	switch (*(++fmt)) {
1449 	case 'L':
1450 		uc = true;		/* fall-through */
1451 	case 'l':
1452 		index = guid_index;
1453 		break;
1454 	case 'B':
1455 		uc = true;
1456 		break;
1457 	}
1458 
1459 	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
1460 		if (uc)
1461 			p = hex_byte_pack_upper(p, addr[index[i]]);
1462 		else
1463 			p = hex_byte_pack(p, addr[index[i]]);
1464 		switch (i) {
1465 		case 3:
1466 		case 5:
1467 		case 7:
1468 		case 9:
1469 			*p++ = '-';
1470 			break;
1471 		}
1472 	}
1473 
1474 	*p = 0;
1475 
1476 	return string(buf, end, uuid, spec);
1477 }
1478 
1479 int kptr_restrict __read_mostly;
1480 
1481 static noinline_for_stack
1482 char *restricted_pointer(char *buf, char *end, const void *ptr,
1483 			 struct printf_spec spec)
1484 {
1485 	switch (kptr_restrict) {
1486 	case 0:
1487 		/* Always print %pK values */
1488 		break;
1489 	case 1: {
1490 		const struct cred *cred;
1491 
1492 		/*
1493 		 * kptr_restrict==1 cannot be used in IRQ context
1494 		 * because its test for CAP_SYSLOG would be meaningless.
1495 		 */
1496 		if (in_irq() || in_serving_softirq() || in_nmi()) {
1497 			if (spec.field_width == -1)
1498 				spec.field_width = 2 * sizeof(ptr);
1499 			return string(buf, end, "pK-error", spec);
1500 		}
1501 
1502 		/*
1503 		 * Only print the real pointer value if the current
1504 		 * process has CAP_SYSLOG and is running with the
1505 		 * same credentials it started with. This is because
1506 		 * access to files is checked at open() time, but %pK
1507 		 * checks permission at read() time. We don't want to
1508 		 * leak pointer values if a binary opens a file using
1509 		 * %pK and then elevates privileges before reading it.
1510 		 */
1511 		cred = current_cred();
1512 		if (!has_capability_noaudit(current, CAP_SYSLOG) ||
1513 		    !uid_eq(cred->euid, cred->uid) ||
1514 		    !gid_eq(cred->egid, cred->gid))
1515 			ptr = NULL;
1516 		break;
1517 	}
1518 	case 2:
1519 	default:
1520 		/* Always print 0's for %pK */
1521 		ptr = NULL;
1522 		break;
1523 	}
1524 
1525 	return pointer_string(buf, end, ptr, spec);
1526 }
1527 
1528 static noinline_for_stack
1529 char *netdev_bits(char *buf, char *end, const void *addr,
1530 		  struct printf_spec spec,  const char *fmt)
1531 {
1532 	unsigned long long num;
1533 	int size;
1534 
1535 	switch (fmt[1]) {
1536 	case 'F':
1537 		num = *(const netdev_features_t *)addr;
1538 		size = sizeof(netdev_features_t);
1539 		break;
1540 	default:
1541 		return ptr_to_id(buf, end, addr, spec);
1542 	}
1543 
1544 	return special_hex_number(buf, end, num, size);
1545 }
1546 
1547 static noinline_for_stack
1548 char *address_val(char *buf, char *end, const void *addr, const char *fmt)
1549 {
1550 	unsigned long long num;
1551 	int size;
1552 
1553 	switch (fmt[1]) {
1554 	case 'd':
1555 		num = *(const dma_addr_t *)addr;
1556 		size = sizeof(dma_addr_t);
1557 		break;
1558 	case 'p':
1559 	default:
1560 		num = *(const phys_addr_t *)addr;
1561 		size = sizeof(phys_addr_t);
1562 		break;
1563 	}
1564 
1565 	return special_hex_number(buf, end, num, size);
1566 }
1567 
1568 static noinline_for_stack
1569 char *date_str(char *buf, char *end, const struct rtc_time *tm, bool r)
1570 {
1571 	int year = tm->tm_year + (r ? 0 : 1900);
1572 	int mon = tm->tm_mon + (r ? 0 : 1);
1573 
1574 	buf = number(buf, end, year, default_dec04_spec);
1575 	if (buf < end)
1576 		*buf = '-';
1577 	buf++;
1578 
1579 	buf = number(buf, end, mon, default_dec02_spec);
1580 	if (buf < end)
1581 		*buf = '-';
1582 	buf++;
1583 
1584 	return number(buf, end, tm->tm_mday, default_dec02_spec);
1585 }
1586 
1587 static noinline_for_stack
1588 char *time_str(char *buf, char *end, const struct rtc_time *tm, bool r)
1589 {
1590 	buf = number(buf, end, tm->tm_hour, default_dec02_spec);
1591 	if (buf < end)
1592 		*buf = ':';
1593 	buf++;
1594 
1595 	buf = number(buf, end, tm->tm_min, default_dec02_spec);
1596 	if (buf < end)
1597 		*buf = ':';
1598 	buf++;
1599 
1600 	return number(buf, end, tm->tm_sec, default_dec02_spec);
1601 }
1602 
1603 static noinline_for_stack
1604 char *rtc_str(char *buf, char *end, const struct rtc_time *tm, const char *fmt)
1605 {
1606 	bool have_t = true, have_d = true;
1607 	bool raw = false;
1608 	int count = 2;
1609 
1610 	switch (fmt[count]) {
1611 	case 'd':
1612 		have_t = false;
1613 		count++;
1614 		break;
1615 	case 't':
1616 		have_d = false;
1617 		count++;
1618 		break;
1619 	}
1620 
1621 	raw = fmt[count] == 'r';
1622 
1623 	if (have_d)
1624 		buf = date_str(buf, end, tm, raw);
1625 	if (have_d && have_t) {
1626 		/* Respect ISO 8601 */
1627 		if (buf < end)
1628 			*buf = 'T';
1629 		buf++;
1630 	}
1631 	if (have_t)
1632 		buf = time_str(buf, end, tm, raw);
1633 
1634 	return buf;
1635 }
1636 
1637 static noinline_for_stack
1638 char *time_and_date(char *buf, char *end, void *ptr, struct printf_spec spec,
1639 		    const char *fmt)
1640 {
1641 	switch (fmt[1]) {
1642 	case 'R':
1643 		return rtc_str(buf, end, (const struct rtc_time *)ptr, fmt);
1644 	default:
1645 		return ptr_to_id(buf, end, ptr, spec);
1646 	}
1647 }
1648 
1649 static noinline_for_stack
1650 char *clock(char *buf, char *end, struct clk *clk, struct printf_spec spec,
1651 	    const char *fmt)
1652 {
1653 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_CLK) || !clk)
1654 		return string(buf, end, NULL, spec);
1655 
1656 	switch (fmt[1]) {
1657 	case 'n':
1658 	default:
1659 #ifdef CONFIG_COMMON_CLK
1660 		return string(buf, end, __clk_get_name(clk), spec);
1661 #else
1662 		return ptr_to_id(buf, end, clk, spec);
1663 #endif
1664 	}
1665 }
1666 
1667 static
1668 char *format_flags(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long flags,
1669 					const struct trace_print_flags *names)
1670 {
1671 	unsigned long mask;
1672 
1673 	for ( ; flags && names->name; names++) {
1674 		mask = names->mask;
1675 		if ((flags & mask) != mask)
1676 			continue;
1677 
1678 		buf = string(buf, end, names->name, default_str_spec);
1679 
1680 		flags &= ~mask;
1681 		if (flags) {
1682 			if (buf < end)
1683 				*buf = '|';
1684 			buf++;
1685 		}
1686 	}
1687 
1688 	if (flags)
1689 		buf = number(buf, end, flags, default_flag_spec);
1690 
1691 	return buf;
1692 }
1693 
1694 static noinline_for_stack
1695 char *flags_string(char *buf, char *end, void *flags_ptr, const char *fmt)
1696 {
1697 	unsigned long flags;
1698 	const struct trace_print_flags *names;
1699 
1700 	switch (fmt[1]) {
1701 	case 'p':
1702 		flags = *(unsigned long *)flags_ptr;
1703 		/* Remove zone id */
1704 		flags &= (1UL << NR_PAGEFLAGS) - 1;
1705 		names = pageflag_names;
1706 		break;
1707 	case 'v':
1708 		flags = *(unsigned long *)flags_ptr;
1709 		names = vmaflag_names;
1710 		break;
1711 	case 'g':
1712 		flags = *(gfp_t *)flags_ptr;
1713 		names = gfpflag_names;
1714 		break;
1715 	default:
1716 		WARN_ONCE(1, "Unsupported flags modifier: %c\n", fmt[1]);
1717 		return buf;
1718 	}
1719 
1720 	return format_flags(buf, end, flags, names);
1721 }
1722 
1723 static const char *device_node_name_for_depth(const struct device_node *np, int depth)
1724 {
1725 	for ( ; np && depth; depth--)
1726 		np = np->parent;
1727 
1728 	return kbasename(np->full_name);
1729 }
1730 
1731 static noinline_for_stack
1732 char *device_node_gen_full_name(const struct device_node *np, char *buf, char *end)
1733 {
1734 	int depth;
1735 	const struct device_node *parent = np->parent;
1736 
1737 	/* special case for root node */
1738 	if (!parent)
1739 		return string(buf, end, "/", default_str_spec);
1740 
1741 	for (depth = 0; parent->parent; depth++)
1742 		parent = parent->parent;
1743 
1744 	for ( ; depth >= 0; depth--) {
1745 		buf = string(buf, end, "/", default_str_spec);
1746 		buf = string(buf, end, device_node_name_for_depth(np, depth),
1747 			     default_str_spec);
1748 	}
1749 	return buf;
1750 }
1751 
1752 static noinline_for_stack
1753 char *device_node_string(char *buf, char *end, struct device_node *dn,
1754 			 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1755 {
1756 	char tbuf[sizeof("xxxx") + 1];
1757 	const char *p;
1758 	int ret;
1759 	char *buf_start = buf;
1760 	struct property *prop;
1761 	bool has_mult, pass;
1762 	static const struct printf_spec num_spec = {
1763 		.flags = SMALL,
1764 		.field_width = -1,
1765 		.precision = -1,
1766 		.base = 10,
1767 	};
1768 
1769 	struct printf_spec str_spec = spec;
1770 	str_spec.field_width = -1;
1771 
1772 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF))
1773 		return string(buf, end, "(!OF)", spec);
1774 
1775 	if ((unsigned long)dn < PAGE_SIZE)
1776 		return string(buf, end, "(null)", spec);
1777 
1778 	/* simple case without anything any more format specifiers */
1779 	fmt++;
1780 	if (fmt[0] == '\0' || strcspn(fmt,"fnpPFcC") > 0)
1781 		fmt = "f";
1782 
1783 	for (pass = false; strspn(fmt,"fnpPFcC"); fmt++, pass = true) {
1784 		int precision;
1785 		if (pass) {
1786 			if (buf < end)
1787 				*buf = ':';
1788 			buf++;
1789 		}
1790 
1791 		switch (*fmt) {
1792 		case 'f':	/* full_name */
1793 			buf = device_node_gen_full_name(dn, buf, end);
1794 			break;
1795 		case 'n':	/* name */
1796 			p = kbasename(of_node_full_name(dn));
1797 			precision = str_spec.precision;
1798 			str_spec.precision = strchrnul(p, '@') - p;
1799 			buf = string(buf, end, p, str_spec);
1800 			str_spec.precision = precision;
1801 			break;
1802 		case 'p':	/* phandle */
1803 			buf = number(buf, end, (unsigned int)dn->phandle, num_spec);
1804 			break;
1805 		case 'P':	/* path-spec */
1806 			p = kbasename(of_node_full_name(dn));
1807 			if (!p[1])
1808 				p = "/";
1809 			buf = string(buf, end, p, str_spec);
1810 			break;
1811 		case 'F':	/* flags */
1812 			tbuf[0] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_DYNAMIC) ? 'D' : '-';
1813 			tbuf[1] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_DETACHED) ? 'd' : '-';
1814 			tbuf[2] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_POPULATED) ? 'P' : '-';
1815 			tbuf[3] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_POPULATED_BUS) ? 'B' : '-';
1816 			tbuf[4] = 0;
1817 			buf = string(buf, end, tbuf, str_spec);
1818 			break;
1819 		case 'c':	/* major compatible string */
1820 			ret = of_property_read_string(dn, "compatible", &p);
1821 			if (!ret)
1822 				buf = string(buf, end, p, str_spec);
1823 			break;
1824 		case 'C':	/* full compatible string */
1825 			has_mult = false;
1826 			of_property_for_each_string(dn, "compatible", prop, p) {
1827 				if (has_mult)
1828 					buf = string(buf, end, ",", str_spec);
1829 				buf = string(buf, end, "\"", str_spec);
1830 				buf = string(buf, end, p, str_spec);
1831 				buf = string(buf, end, "\"", str_spec);
1832 
1833 				has_mult = true;
1834 			}
1835 			break;
1836 		default:
1837 			break;
1838 		}
1839 	}
1840 
1841 	return widen_string(buf, buf - buf_start, end, spec);
1842 }
1843 
1844 /*
1845  * Show a '%p' thing.  A kernel extension is that the '%p' is followed
1846  * by an extra set of alphanumeric characters that are extended format
1847  * specifiers.
1848  *
1849  * Please update scripts/checkpatch.pl when adding/removing conversion
1850  * characters.  (Search for "check for vsprintf extension").
1851  *
1852  * Right now we handle:
1853  *
1854  * - 'S' For symbolic direct pointers (or function descriptors) with offset
1855  * - 's' For symbolic direct pointers (or function descriptors) without offset
1856  * - 'F' Same as 'S'
1857  * - 'f' Same as 's'
1858  * - '[FfSs]R' as above with __builtin_extract_return_addr() translation
1859  * - 'B' For backtraced symbolic direct pointers with offset
1860  * - 'R' For decoded struct resource, e.g., [mem 0x0-0x1f 64bit pref]
1861  * - 'r' For raw struct resource, e.g., [mem 0x0-0x1f flags 0x201]
1862  * - 'b[l]' For a bitmap, the number of bits is determined by the field
1863  *       width which must be explicitly specified either as part of the
1864  *       format string '%32b[l]' or through '%*b[l]', [l] selects
1865  *       range-list format instead of hex format
1866  * - 'M' For a 6-byte MAC address, it prints the address in the
1867  *       usual colon-separated hex notation
1868  * - 'm' For a 6-byte MAC address, it prints the hex address without colons
1869  * - 'MF' For a 6-byte MAC FDDI address, it prints the address
1870  *       with a dash-separated hex notation
1871  * - '[mM]R' For a 6-byte MAC address, Reverse order (Bluetooth)
1872  * - 'I' [46] for IPv4/IPv6 addresses printed in the usual way
1873  *       IPv4 uses dot-separated decimal without leading 0's (1.2.3.4)
1874  *       IPv6 uses colon separated network-order 16 bit hex with leading 0's
1875  *       [S][pfs]
1876  *       Generic IPv4/IPv6 address (struct sockaddr *) that falls back to
1877  *       [4] or [6] and is able to print port [p], flowinfo [f], scope [s]
1878  * - 'i' [46] for 'raw' IPv4/IPv6 addresses
1879  *       IPv6 omits the colons (01020304...0f)
1880  *       IPv4 uses dot-separated decimal with leading 0's (010.123.045.006)
1881  *       [S][pfs]
1882  *       Generic IPv4/IPv6 address (struct sockaddr *) that falls back to
1883  *       [4] or [6] and is able to print port [p], flowinfo [f], scope [s]
1884  * - '[Ii][4S][hnbl]' IPv4 addresses in host, network, big or little endian order
1885  * - 'I[6S]c' for IPv6 addresses printed as specified by
1886  *       http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952
1887  * - 'E[achnops]' For an escaped buffer, where rules are defined by combination
1888  *                of the following flags (see string_escape_mem() for the
1889  *                details):
1890  *                  a - ESCAPE_ANY
1891  *                  c - ESCAPE_SPECIAL
1892  *                  h - ESCAPE_HEX
1893  *                  n - ESCAPE_NULL
1894  *                  o - ESCAPE_OCTAL
1895  *                  p - ESCAPE_NP
1896  *                  s - ESCAPE_SPACE
1897  *                By default ESCAPE_ANY_NP is used.
1898  * - 'U' For a 16 byte UUID/GUID, it prints the UUID/GUID in the form
1899  *       "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx"
1900  *       Options for %pU are:
1901  *         b big endian lower case hex (default)
1902  *         B big endian UPPER case hex
1903  *         l little endian lower case hex
1904  *         L little endian UPPER case hex
1905  *           big endian output byte order is:
1906  *             [0][1][2][3]-[4][5]-[6][7]-[8][9]-[10][11][12][13][14][15]
1907  *           little endian output byte order is:
1908  *             [3][2][1][0]-[5][4]-[7][6]-[8][9]-[10][11][12][13][14][15]
1909  * - 'V' For a struct va_format which contains a format string * and va_list *,
1910  *       call vsnprintf(->format, *->va_list).
1911  *       Implements a "recursive vsnprintf".
1912  *       Do not use this feature without some mechanism to verify the
1913  *       correctness of the format string and va_list arguments.
1914  * - 'K' For a kernel pointer that should be hidden from unprivileged users
1915  * - 'NF' For a netdev_features_t
1916  * - 'h[CDN]' For a variable-length buffer, it prints it as a hex string with
1917  *            a certain separator (' ' by default):
1918  *              C colon
1919  *              D dash
1920  *              N no separator
1921  *            The maximum supported length is 64 bytes of the input. Consider
1922  *            to use print_hex_dump() for the larger input.
1923  * - 'a[pd]' For address types [p] phys_addr_t, [d] dma_addr_t and derivatives
1924  *           (default assumed to be phys_addr_t, passed by reference)
1925  * - 'd[234]' For a dentry name (optionally 2-4 last components)
1926  * - 'D[234]' Same as 'd' but for a struct file
1927  * - 'g' For block_device name (gendisk + partition number)
1928  * - 't[R][dt][r]' For time and date as represented:
1929  *      R    struct rtc_time
1930  * - 'C' For a clock, it prints the name (Common Clock Framework) or address
1931  *       (legacy clock framework) of the clock
1932  * - 'Cn' For a clock, it prints the name (Common Clock Framework) or address
1933  *        (legacy clock framework) of the clock
1934  * - 'Cr' For a clock, it prints the current rate of the clock
1935  * - 'G' For flags to be printed as a collection of symbolic strings that would
1936  *       construct the specific value. Supported flags given by option:
1937  *       p page flags (see struct page) given as pointer to unsigned long
1938  *       g gfp flags (GFP_* and __GFP_*) given as pointer to gfp_t
1939  *       v vma flags (VM_*) given as pointer to unsigned long
1940  * - 'OF[fnpPcCF]'  For a device tree object
1941  *                  Without any optional arguments prints the full_name
1942  *                  f device node full_name
1943  *                  n device node name
1944  *                  p device node phandle
1945  *                  P device node path spec (name + @unit)
1946  *                  F device node flags
1947  *                  c major compatible string
1948  *                  C full compatible string
1949  * - 'x' For printing the address. Equivalent to "%lx".
1950  *
1951  * ** When making changes please also update:
1952  *	Documentation/core-api/printk-formats.rst
1953  *
1954  * Note: The default behaviour (unadorned %p) is to hash the address,
1955  * rendering it useful as a unique identifier.
1956  */
1957 static noinline_for_stack
1958 char *pointer(const char *fmt, char *buf, char *end, void *ptr,
1959 	      struct printf_spec spec)
1960 {
1961 	const int default_width = 2 * sizeof(void *);
1962 
1963 	if (!ptr && *fmt != 'K' && *fmt != 'x') {
1964 		/*
1965 		 * Print (null) with the same width as a pointer so it makes
1966 		 * tabular output look nice.
1967 		 */
1968 		if (spec.field_width == -1)
1969 			spec.field_width = default_width;
1970 		return string(buf, end, "(null)", spec);
1971 	}
1972 
1973 	switch (*fmt) {
1974 	case 'F':
1975 	case 'f':
1976 	case 'S':
1977 	case 's':
1978 		ptr = dereference_symbol_descriptor(ptr);
1979 		/* Fallthrough */
1980 	case 'B':
1981 		return symbol_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1982 	case 'R':
1983 	case 'r':
1984 		return resource_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1985 	case 'h':
1986 		return hex_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1987 	case 'b':
1988 		switch (fmt[1]) {
1989 		case 'l':
1990 			return bitmap_list_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1991 		default:
1992 			return bitmap_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1993 		}
1994 	case 'M':			/* Colon separated: 00:01:02:03:04:05 */
1995 	case 'm':			/* Contiguous: 000102030405 */
1996 					/* [mM]F (FDDI) */
1997 					/* [mM]R (Reverse order; Bluetooth) */
1998 		return mac_address_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1999 	case 'I':			/* Formatted IP supported
2000 					 * 4:	1.2.3.4
2001 					 * 6:	0001:0203:...:0708
2002 					 * 6c:	1::708 or 1::1.2.3.4
2003 					 */
2004 	case 'i':			/* Contiguous:
2005 					 * 4:	001.002.003.004
2006 					 * 6:   000102...0f
2007 					 */
2008 		switch (fmt[1]) {
2009 		case '6':
2010 			return ip6_addr_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
2011 		case '4':
2012 			return ip4_addr_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
2013 		case 'S': {
2014 			const union {
2015 				struct sockaddr		raw;
2016 				struct sockaddr_in	v4;
2017 				struct sockaddr_in6	v6;
2018 			} *sa = ptr;
2019 
2020 			switch (sa->raw.sa_family) {
2021 			case AF_INET:
2022 				return ip4_addr_string_sa(buf, end, &sa->v4, spec, fmt);
2023 			case AF_INET6:
2024 				return ip6_addr_string_sa(buf, end, &sa->v6, spec, fmt);
2025 			default:
2026 				return string(buf, end, "(invalid address)", spec);
2027 			}}
2028 		}
2029 		break;
2030 	case 'E':
2031 		return escaped_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
2032 	case 'U':
2033 		return uuid_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
2034 	case 'V':
2035 		{
2036 			va_list va;
2037 
2038 			va_copy(va, *((struct va_format *)ptr)->va);
2039 			buf += vsnprintf(buf, end > buf ? end - buf : 0,
2040 					 ((struct va_format *)ptr)->fmt, va);
2041 			va_end(va);
2042 			return buf;
2043 		}
2044 	case 'K':
2045 		if (!kptr_restrict)
2046 			break;
2047 		return restricted_pointer(buf, end, ptr, spec);
2048 	case 'N':
2049 		return netdev_bits(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
2050 	case 'a':
2051 		return address_val(buf, end, ptr, fmt);
2052 	case 'd':
2053 		return dentry_name(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
2054 	case 't':
2055 		return time_and_date(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
2056 	case 'C':
2057 		return clock(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
2058 	case 'D':
2059 		return dentry_name(buf, end,
2060 				   ((const struct file *)ptr)->f_path.dentry,
2061 				   spec, fmt);
2062 #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
2063 	case 'g':
2064 		return bdev_name(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
2065 #endif
2066 
2067 	case 'G':
2068 		return flags_string(buf, end, ptr, fmt);
2069 	case 'O':
2070 		switch (fmt[1]) {
2071 		case 'F':
2072 			return device_node_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt + 1);
2073 		}
2074 		break;
2075 	case 'x':
2076 		return pointer_string(buf, end, ptr, spec);
2077 	}
2078 
2079 	/* default is to _not_ leak addresses, hash before printing */
2080 	return ptr_to_id(buf, end, ptr, spec);
2081 }
2082 
2083 /*
2084  * Helper function to decode printf style format.
2085  * Each call decode a token from the format and return the
2086  * number of characters read (or likely the delta where it wants
2087  * to go on the next call).
2088  * The decoded token is returned through the parameters
2089  *
2090  * 'h', 'l', or 'L' for integer fields
2091  * 'z' support added 23/7/1999 S.H.
2092  * 'z' changed to 'Z' --davidm 1/25/99
2093  * 'Z' changed to 'z' --adobriyan 2017-01-25
2094  * 't' added for ptrdiff_t
2095  *
2096  * @fmt: the format string
2097  * @type of the token returned
2098  * @flags: various flags such as +, -, # tokens..
2099  * @field_width: overwritten width
2100  * @base: base of the number (octal, hex, ...)
2101  * @precision: precision of a number
2102  * @qualifier: qualifier of a number (long, size_t, ...)
2103  */
2104 static noinline_for_stack
2105 int format_decode(const char *fmt, struct printf_spec *spec)
2106 {
2107 	const char *start = fmt;
2108 	char qualifier;
2109 
2110 	/* we finished early by reading the field width */
2111 	if (spec->type == FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH) {
2112 		if (spec->field_width < 0) {
2113 			spec->field_width = -spec->field_width;
2114 			spec->flags |= LEFT;
2115 		}
2116 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_NONE;
2117 		goto precision;
2118 	}
2119 
2120 	/* we finished early by reading the precision */
2121 	if (spec->type == FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION) {
2122 		if (spec->precision < 0)
2123 			spec->precision = 0;
2124 
2125 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_NONE;
2126 		goto qualifier;
2127 	}
2128 
2129 	/* By default */
2130 	spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_NONE;
2131 
2132 	for (; *fmt ; ++fmt) {
2133 		if (*fmt == '%')
2134 			break;
2135 	}
2136 
2137 	/* Return the current non-format string */
2138 	if (fmt != start || !*fmt)
2139 		return fmt - start;
2140 
2141 	/* Process flags */
2142 	spec->flags = 0;
2143 
2144 	while (1) { /* this also skips first '%' */
2145 		bool found = true;
2146 
2147 		++fmt;
2148 
2149 		switch (*fmt) {
2150 		case '-': spec->flags |= LEFT;    break;
2151 		case '+': spec->flags |= PLUS;    break;
2152 		case ' ': spec->flags |= SPACE;   break;
2153 		case '#': spec->flags |= SPECIAL; break;
2154 		case '0': spec->flags |= ZEROPAD; break;
2155 		default:  found = false;
2156 		}
2157 
2158 		if (!found)
2159 			break;
2160 	}
2161 
2162 	/* get field width */
2163 	spec->field_width = -1;
2164 
2165 	if (isdigit(*fmt))
2166 		spec->field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);
2167 	else if (*fmt == '*') {
2168 		/* it's the next argument */
2169 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH;
2170 		return ++fmt - start;
2171 	}
2172 
2173 precision:
2174 	/* get the precision */
2175 	spec->precision = -1;
2176 	if (*fmt == '.') {
2177 		++fmt;
2178 		if (isdigit(*fmt)) {
2179 			spec->precision = skip_atoi(&fmt);
2180 			if (spec->precision < 0)
2181 				spec->precision = 0;
2182 		} else if (*fmt == '*') {
2183 			/* it's the next argument */
2184 			spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION;
2185 			return ++fmt - start;
2186 		}
2187 	}
2188 
2189 qualifier:
2190 	/* get the conversion qualifier */
2191 	qualifier = 0;
2192 	if (*fmt == 'h' || _tolower(*fmt) == 'l' ||
2193 	    *fmt == 'z' || *fmt == 't') {
2194 		qualifier = *fmt++;
2195 		if (unlikely(qualifier == *fmt)) {
2196 			if (qualifier == 'l') {
2197 				qualifier = 'L';
2198 				++fmt;
2199 			} else if (qualifier == 'h') {
2200 				qualifier = 'H';
2201 				++fmt;
2202 			}
2203 		}
2204 	}
2205 
2206 	/* default base */
2207 	spec->base = 10;
2208 	switch (*fmt) {
2209 	case 'c':
2210 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR;
2211 		return ++fmt - start;
2212 
2213 	case 's':
2214 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_STR;
2215 		return ++fmt - start;
2216 
2217 	case 'p':
2218 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PTR;
2219 		return ++fmt - start;
2220 
2221 	case '%':
2222 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR;
2223 		return ++fmt - start;
2224 
2225 	/* integer number formats - set up the flags and "break" */
2226 	case 'o':
2227 		spec->base = 8;
2228 		break;
2229 
2230 	case 'x':
2231 		spec->flags |= SMALL;
2232 		/* fall through */
2233 
2234 	case 'X':
2235 		spec->base = 16;
2236 		break;
2237 
2238 	case 'd':
2239 	case 'i':
2240 		spec->flags |= SIGN;
2241 	case 'u':
2242 		break;
2243 
2244 	case 'n':
2245 		/*
2246 		 * Since %n poses a greater security risk than
2247 		 * utility, treat it as any other invalid or
2248 		 * unsupported format specifier.
2249 		 */
2250 		/* Fall-through */
2251 
2252 	default:
2253 		WARN_ONCE(1, "Please remove unsupported %%%c in format string\n", *fmt);
2254 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID;
2255 		return fmt - start;
2256 	}
2257 
2258 	if (qualifier == 'L')
2259 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG;
2260 	else if (qualifier == 'l') {
2261 		BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_LONG);
2262 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2263 	} else if (qualifier == 'z') {
2264 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T;
2265 	} else if (qualifier == 't') {
2266 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF;
2267 	} else if (qualifier == 'H') {
2268 		BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE);
2269 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2270 	} else if (qualifier == 'h') {
2271 		BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT);
2272 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2273 	} else {
2274 		BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_UINT + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_INT);
2275 		spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_UINT + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2276 	}
2277 
2278 	return ++fmt - start;
2279 }
2280 
2281 static void
2282 set_field_width(struct printf_spec *spec, int width)
2283 {
2284 	spec->field_width = width;
2285 	if (WARN_ONCE(spec->field_width != width, "field width %d too large", width)) {
2286 		spec->field_width = clamp(width, -FIELD_WIDTH_MAX, FIELD_WIDTH_MAX);
2287 	}
2288 }
2289 
2290 static void
2291 set_precision(struct printf_spec *spec, int prec)
2292 {
2293 	spec->precision = prec;
2294 	if (WARN_ONCE(spec->precision != prec, "precision %d too large", prec)) {
2295 		spec->precision = clamp(prec, 0, PRECISION_MAX);
2296 	}
2297 }
2298 
2299 /**
2300  * vsnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2301  * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2302  * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2303  * @fmt: The format string to use
2304  * @args: Arguments for the format string
2305  *
2306  * This function generally follows C99 vsnprintf, but has some
2307  * extensions and a few limitations:
2308  *
2309  *  - ``%n`` is unsupported
2310  *  - ``%p*`` is handled by pointer()
2311  *
2312  * See pointer() or Documentation/core-api/printk-formats.rst for more
2313  * extensive description.
2314  *
2315  * **Please update the documentation in both places when making changes**
2316  *
2317  * The return value is the number of characters which would
2318  * be generated for the given input, excluding the trailing
2319  * '\0', as per ISO C99. If you want to have the exact
2320  * number of characters written into @buf as return value
2321  * (not including the trailing '\0'), use vscnprintf(). If the
2322  * return is greater than or equal to @size, the resulting
2323  * string is truncated.
2324  *
2325  * If you're not already dealing with a va_list consider using snprintf().
2326  */
2327 int vsnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2328 {
2329 	unsigned long long num;
2330 	char *str, *end;
2331 	struct printf_spec spec = {0};
2332 
2333 	/* Reject out-of-range values early.  Large positive sizes are
2334 	   used for unknown buffer sizes. */
2335 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(size > INT_MAX))
2336 		return 0;
2337 
2338 	str = buf;
2339 	end = buf + size;
2340 
2341 	/* Make sure end is always >= buf */
2342 	if (end < buf) {
2343 		end = ((void *)-1);
2344 		size = end - buf;
2345 	}
2346 
2347 	while (*fmt) {
2348 		const char *old_fmt = fmt;
2349 		int read = format_decode(fmt, &spec);
2350 
2351 		fmt += read;
2352 
2353 		switch (spec.type) {
2354 		case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE: {
2355 			int copy = read;
2356 			if (str < end) {
2357 				if (copy > end - str)
2358 					copy = end - str;
2359 				memcpy(str, old_fmt, copy);
2360 			}
2361 			str += read;
2362 			break;
2363 		}
2364 
2365 		case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH:
2366 			set_field_width(&spec, va_arg(args, int));
2367 			break;
2368 
2369 		case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION:
2370 			set_precision(&spec, va_arg(args, int));
2371 			break;
2372 
2373 		case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR: {
2374 			char c;
2375 
2376 			if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
2377 				while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2378 					if (str < end)
2379 						*str = ' ';
2380 					++str;
2381 
2382 				}
2383 			}
2384 			c = (unsigned char) va_arg(args, int);
2385 			if (str < end)
2386 				*str = c;
2387 			++str;
2388 			while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2389 				if (str < end)
2390 					*str = ' ';
2391 				++str;
2392 			}
2393 			break;
2394 		}
2395 
2396 		case FORMAT_TYPE_STR:
2397 			str = string(str, end, va_arg(args, char *), spec);
2398 			break;
2399 
2400 		case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR:
2401 			str = pointer(fmt, str, end, va_arg(args, void *),
2402 				      spec);
2403 			while (isalnum(*fmt))
2404 				fmt++;
2405 			break;
2406 
2407 		case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR:
2408 			if (str < end)
2409 				*str = '%';
2410 			++str;
2411 			break;
2412 
2413 		case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID:
2414 			/*
2415 			 * Presumably the arguments passed gcc's type
2416 			 * checking, but there is no safe or sane way
2417 			 * for us to continue parsing the format and
2418 			 * fetching from the va_list; the remaining
2419 			 * specifiers and arguments would be out of
2420 			 * sync.
2421 			 */
2422 			goto out;
2423 
2424 		default:
2425 			switch (spec.type) {
2426 			case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG:
2427 				num = va_arg(args, long long);
2428 				break;
2429 			case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG:
2430 				num = va_arg(args, unsigned long);
2431 				break;
2432 			case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG:
2433 				num = va_arg(args, long);
2434 				break;
2435 			case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T:
2436 				if (spec.flags & SIGN)
2437 					num = va_arg(args, ssize_t);
2438 				else
2439 					num = va_arg(args, size_t);
2440 				break;
2441 			case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF:
2442 				num = va_arg(args, ptrdiff_t);
2443 				break;
2444 			case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE:
2445 				num = (unsigned char) va_arg(args, int);
2446 				break;
2447 			case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE:
2448 				num = (signed char) va_arg(args, int);
2449 				break;
2450 			case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT:
2451 				num = (unsigned short) va_arg(args, int);
2452 				break;
2453 			case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT:
2454 				num = (short) va_arg(args, int);
2455 				break;
2456 			case FORMAT_TYPE_INT:
2457 				num = (int) va_arg(args, int);
2458 				break;
2459 			default:
2460 				num = va_arg(args, unsigned int);
2461 			}
2462 
2463 			str = number(str, end, num, spec);
2464 		}
2465 	}
2466 
2467 out:
2468 	if (size > 0) {
2469 		if (str < end)
2470 			*str = '\0';
2471 		else
2472 			end[-1] = '\0';
2473 	}
2474 
2475 	/* the trailing null byte doesn't count towards the total */
2476 	return str-buf;
2477 
2478 }
2479 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsnprintf);
2480 
2481 /**
2482  * vscnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2483  * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2484  * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2485  * @fmt: The format string to use
2486  * @args: Arguments for the format string
2487  *
2488  * The return value is the number of characters which have been written into
2489  * the @buf not including the trailing '\0'. If @size is == 0 the function
2490  * returns 0.
2491  *
2492  * If you're not already dealing with a va_list consider using scnprintf().
2493  *
2494  * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2495  */
2496 int vscnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2497 {
2498 	int i;
2499 
2500 	i = vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, args);
2501 
2502 	if (likely(i < size))
2503 		return i;
2504 	if (size != 0)
2505 		return size - 1;
2506 	return 0;
2507 }
2508 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vscnprintf);
2509 
2510 /**
2511  * snprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2512  * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2513  * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2514  * @fmt: The format string to use
2515  * @...: Arguments for the format string
2516  *
2517  * The return value is the number of characters which would be
2518  * generated for the given input, excluding the trailing null,
2519  * as per ISO C99.  If the return is greater than or equal to
2520  * @size, the resulting string is truncated.
2521  *
2522  * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2523  */
2524 int snprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...)
2525 {
2526 	va_list args;
2527 	int i;
2528 
2529 	va_start(args, fmt);
2530 	i = vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, args);
2531 	va_end(args);
2532 
2533 	return i;
2534 }
2535 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snprintf);
2536 
2537 /**
2538  * scnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2539  * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2540  * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2541  * @fmt: The format string to use
2542  * @...: Arguments for the format string
2543  *
2544  * The return value is the number of characters written into @buf not including
2545  * the trailing '\0'. If @size is == 0 the function returns 0.
2546  */
2547 
2548 int scnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...)
2549 {
2550 	va_list args;
2551 	int i;
2552 
2553 	va_start(args, fmt);
2554 	i = vscnprintf(buf, size, fmt, args);
2555 	va_end(args);
2556 
2557 	return i;
2558 }
2559 EXPORT_SYMBOL(scnprintf);
2560 
2561 /**
2562  * vsprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2563  * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2564  * @fmt: The format string to use
2565  * @args: Arguments for the format string
2566  *
2567  * The function returns the number of characters written
2568  * into @buf. Use vsnprintf() or vscnprintf() in order to avoid
2569  * buffer overflows.
2570  *
2571  * If you're not already dealing with a va_list consider using sprintf().
2572  *
2573  * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2574  */
2575 int vsprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2576 {
2577 	return vsnprintf(buf, INT_MAX, fmt, args);
2578 }
2579 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsprintf);
2580 
2581 /**
2582  * sprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2583  * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2584  * @fmt: The format string to use
2585  * @...: Arguments for the format string
2586  *
2587  * The function returns the number of characters written
2588  * into @buf. Use snprintf() or scnprintf() in order to avoid
2589  * buffer overflows.
2590  *
2591  * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2592  */
2593 int sprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
2594 {
2595 	va_list args;
2596 	int i;
2597 
2598 	va_start(args, fmt);
2599 	i = vsnprintf(buf, INT_MAX, fmt, args);
2600 	va_end(args);
2601 
2602 	return i;
2603 }
2604 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sprintf);
2605 
2606 #ifdef CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF
2607 /*
2608  * bprintf service:
2609  * vbin_printf() - VA arguments to binary data
2610  * bstr_printf() - Binary data to text string
2611  */
2612 
2613 /**
2614  * vbin_printf - Parse a format string and place args' binary value in a buffer
2615  * @bin_buf: The buffer to place args' binary value
2616  * @size: The size of the buffer(by words(32bits), not characters)
2617  * @fmt: The format string to use
2618  * @args: Arguments for the format string
2619  *
2620  * The format follows C99 vsnprintf, except %n is ignored, and its argument
2621  * is skipped.
2622  *
2623  * The return value is the number of words(32bits) which would be generated for
2624  * the given input.
2625  *
2626  * NOTE:
2627  * If the return value is greater than @size, the resulting bin_buf is NOT
2628  * valid for bstr_printf().
2629  */
2630 int vbin_printf(u32 *bin_buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2631 {
2632 	struct printf_spec spec = {0};
2633 	char *str, *end;
2634 	int width;
2635 
2636 	str = (char *)bin_buf;
2637 	end = (char *)(bin_buf + size);
2638 
2639 #define save_arg(type)							\
2640 ({									\
2641 	unsigned long long value;					\
2642 	if (sizeof(type) == 8) {					\
2643 		unsigned long long val8;				\
2644 		str = PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(u32));			\
2645 		val8 = va_arg(args, unsigned long long);		\
2646 		if (str + sizeof(type) <= end) {			\
2647 			*(u32 *)str = *(u32 *)&val8;			\
2648 			*(u32 *)(str + 4) = *((u32 *)&val8 + 1);	\
2649 		}							\
2650 		value = val8;						\
2651 	} else {							\
2652 		unsigned int val4;					\
2653 		str = PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(type));			\
2654 		val4 = va_arg(args, int);				\
2655 		if (str + sizeof(type) <= end)				\
2656 			*(typeof(type) *)str = (type)(long)val4;	\
2657 		value = (unsigned long long)val4;			\
2658 	}								\
2659 	str += sizeof(type);						\
2660 	value;								\
2661 })
2662 
2663 	while (*fmt) {
2664 		int read = format_decode(fmt, &spec);
2665 
2666 		fmt += read;
2667 
2668 		switch (spec.type) {
2669 		case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE:
2670 		case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR:
2671 			break;
2672 		case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID:
2673 			goto out;
2674 
2675 		case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH:
2676 		case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION:
2677 			width = (int)save_arg(int);
2678 			/* Pointers may require the width */
2679 			if (*fmt == 'p')
2680 				set_field_width(&spec, width);
2681 			break;
2682 
2683 		case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR:
2684 			save_arg(char);
2685 			break;
2686 
2687 		case FORMAT_TYPE_STR: {
2688 			const char *save_str = va_arg(args, char *);
2689 			size_t len;
2690 
2691 			if ((unsigned long)save_str > (unsigned long)-PAGE_SIZE
2692 					|| (unsigned long)save_str < PAGE_SIZE)
2693 				save_str = "(null)";
2694 			len = strlen(save_str) + 1;
2695 			if (str + len < end)
2696 				memcpy(str, save_str, len);
2697 			str += len;
2698 			break;
2699 		}
2700 
2701 		case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR:
2702 			/* Dereferenced pointers must be done now */
2703 			switch (*fmt) {
2704 			/* Dereference of functions is still OK */
2705 			case 'S':
2706 			case 's':
2707 			case 'F':
2708 			case 'f':
2709 			case 'x':
2710 			case 'K':
2711 				save_arg(void *);
2712 				break;
2713 			default:
2714 				if (!isalnum(*fmt)) {
2715 					save_arg(void *);
2716 					break;
2717 				}
2718 				str = pointer(fmt, str, end, va_arg(args, void *),
2719 					      spec);
2720 				if (str + 1 < end)
2721 					*str++ = '\0';
2722 				else
2723 					end[-1] = '\0'; /* Must be nul terminated */
2724 			}
2725 			/* skip all alphanumeric pointer suffixes */
2726 			while (isalnum(*fmt))
2727 				fmt++;
2728 			break;
2729 
2730 		default:
2731 			switch (spec.type) {
2732 
2733 			case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG:
2734 				save_arg(long long);
2735 				break;
2736 			case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG:
2737 			case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG:
2738 				save_arg(unsigned long);
2739 				break;
2740 			case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T:
2741 				save_arg(size_t);
2742 				break;
2743 			case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF:
2744 				save_arg(ptrdiff_t);
2745 				break;
2746 			case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE:
2747 			case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE:
2748 				save_arg(char);
2749 				break;
2750 			case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT:
2751 			case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT:
2752 				save_arg(short);
2753 				break;
2754 			default:
2755 				save_arg(int);
2756 			}
2757 		}
2758 	}
2759 
2760 out:
2761 	return (u32 *)(PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(u32))) - bin_buf;
2762 #undef save_arg
2763 }
2764 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vbin_printf);
2765 
2766 /**
2767  * bstr_printf - Format a string from binary arguments and place it in a buffer
2768  * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2769  * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2770  * @fmt: The format string to use
2771  * @bin_buf: Binary arguments for the format string
2772  *
2773  * This function like C99 vsnprintf, but the difference is that vsnprintf gets
2774  * arguments from stack, and bstr_printf gets arguments from @bin_buf which is
2775  * a binary buffer that generated by vbin_printf.
2776  *
2777  * The format follows C99 vsnprintf, but has some extensions:
2778  *  see vsnprintf comment for details.
2779  *
2780  * The return value is the number of characters which would
2781  * be generated for the given input, excluding the trailing
2782  * '\0', as per ISO C99. If you want to have the exact
2783  * number of characters written into @buf as return value
2784  * (not including the trailing '\0'), use vscnprintf(). If the
2785  * return is greater than or equal to @size, the resulting
2786  * string is truncated.
2787  */
2788 int bstr_printf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, const u32 *bin_buf)
2789 {
2790 	struct printf_spec spec = {0};
2791 	char *str, *end;
2792 	const char *args = (const char *)bin_buf;
2793 
2794 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(size > INT_MAX))
2795 		return 0;
2796 
2797 	str = buf;
2798 	end = buf + size;
2799 
2800 #define get_arg(type)							\
2801 ({									\
2802 	typeof(type) value;						\
2803 	if (sizeof(type) == 8) {					\
2804 		args = PTR_ALIGN(args, sizeof(u32));			\
2805 		*(u32 *)&value = *(u32 *)args;				\
2806 		*((u32 *)&value + 1) = *(u32 *)(args + 4);		\
2807 	} else {							\
2808 		args = PTR_ALIGN(args, sizeof(type));			\
2809 		value = *(typeof(type) *)args;				\
2810 	}								\
2811 	args += sizeof(type);						\
2812 	value;								\
2813 })
2814 
2815 	/* Make sure end is always >= buf */
2816 	if (end < buf) {
2817 		end = ((void *)-1);
2818 		size = end - buf;
2819 	}
2820 
2821 	while (*fmt) {
2822 		const char *old_fmt = fmt;
2823 		int read = format_decode(fmt, &spec);
2824 
2825 		fmt += read;
2826 
2827 		switch (spec.type) {
2828 		case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE: {
2829 			int copy = read;
2830 			if (str < end) {
2831 				if (copy > end - str)
2832 					copy = end - str;
2833 				memcpy(str, old_fmt, copy);
2834 			}
2835 			str += read;
2836 			break;
2837 		}
2838 
2839 		case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH:
2840 			set_field_width(&spec, get_arg(int));
2841 			break;
2842 
2843 		case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION:
2844 			set_precision(&spec, get_arg(int));
2845 			break;
2846 
2847 		case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR: {
2848 			char c;
2849 
2850 			if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
2851 				while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2852 					if (str < end)
2853 						*str = ' ';
2854 					++str;
2855 				}
2856 			}
2857 			c = (unsigned char) get_arg(char);
2858 			if (str < end)
2859 				*str = c;
2860 			++str;
2861 			while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2862 				if (str < end)
2863 					*str = ' ';
2864 				++str;
2865 			}
2866 			break;
2867 		}
2868 
2869 		case FORMAT_TYPE_STR: {
2870 			const char *str_arg = args;
2871 			args += strlen(str_arg) + 1;
2872 			str = string(str, end, (char *)str_arg, spec);
2873 			break;
2874 		}
2875 
2876 		case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR: {
2877 			bool process = false;
2878 			int copy, len;
2879 			/* Non function dereferences were already done */
2880 			switch (*fmt) {
2881 			case 'S':
2882 			case 's':
2883 			case 'F':
2884 			case 'f':
2885 			case 'x':
2886 			case 'K':
2887 				process = true;
2888 				break;
2889 			default:
2890 				if (!isalnum(*fmt)) {
2891 					process = true;
2892 					break;
2893 				}
2894 				/* Pointer dereference was already processed */
2895 				if (str < end) {
2896 					len = copy = strlen(args);
2897 					if (copy > end - str)
2898 						copy = end - str;
2899 					memcpy(str, args, copy);
2900 					str += len;
2901 					args += len + 1;
2902 				}
2903 			}
2904 			if (process)
2905 				str = pointer(fmt, str, end, get_arg(void *), spec);
2906 
2907 			while (isalnum(*fmt))
2908 				fmt++;
2909 			break;
2910 		}
2911 
2912 		case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR:
2913 			if (str < end)
2914 				*str = '%';
2915 			++str;
2916 			break;
2917 
2918 		case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID:
2919 			goto out;
2920 
2921 		default: {
2922 			unsigned long long num;
2923 
2924 			switch (spec.type) {
2925 
2926 			case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG:
2927 				num = get_arg(long long);
2928 				break;
2929 			case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG:
2930 			case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG:
2931 				num = get_arg(unsigned long);
2932 				break;
2933 			case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T:
2934 				num = get_arg(size_t);
2935 				break;
2936 			case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF:
2937 				num = get_arg(ptrdiff_t);
2938 				break;
2939 			case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE:
2940 				num = get_arg(unsigned char);
2941 				break;
2942 			case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE:
2943 				num = get_arg(signed char);
2944 				break;
2945 			case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT:
2946 				num = get_arg(unsigned short);
2947 				break;
2948 			case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT:
2949 				num = get_arg(short);
2950 				break;
2951 			case FORMAT_TYPE_UINT:
2952 				num = get_arg(unsigned int);
2953 				break;
2954 			default:
2955 				num = get_arg(int);
2956 			}
2957 
2958 			str = number(str, end, num, spec);
2959 		} /* default: */
2960 		} /* switch(spec.type) */
2961 	} /* while(*fmt) */
2962 
2963 out:
2964 	if (size > 0) {
2965 		if (str < end)
2966 			*str = '\0';
2967 		else
2968 			end[-1] = '\0';
2969 	}
2970 
2971 #undef get_arg
2972 
2973 	/* the trailing null byte doesn't count towards the total */
2974 	return str - buf;
2975 }
2976 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bstr_printf);
2977 
2978 /**
2979  * bprintf - Parse a format string and place args' binary value in a buffer
2980  * @bin_buf: The buffer to place args' binary value
2981  * @size: The size of the buffer(by words(32bits), not characters)
2982  * @fmt: The format string to use
2983  * @...: Arguments for the format string
2984  *
2985  * The function returns the number of words(u32) written
2986  * into @bin_buf.
2987  */
2988 int bprintf(u32 *bin_buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...)
2989 {
2990 	va_list args;
2991 	int ret;
2992 
2993 	va_start(args, fmt);
2994 	ret = vbin_printf(bin_buf, size, fmt, args);
2995 	va_end(args);
2996 
2997 	return ret;
2998 }
2999 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bprintf);
3000 
3001 #endif /* CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF */
3002 
3003 /**
3004  * vsscanf - Unformat a buffer into a list of arguments
3005  * @buf:	input buffer
3006  * @fmt:	format of buffer
3007  * @args:	arguments
3008  */
3009 int vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args)
3010 {
3011 	const char *str = buf;
3012 	char *next;
3013 	char digit;
3014 	int num = 0;
3015 	u8 qualifier;
3016 	unsigned int base;
3017 	union {
3018 		long long s;
3019 		unsigned long long u;
3020 	} val;
3021 	s16 field_width;
3022 	bool is_sign;
3023 
3024 	while (*fmt) {
3025 		/* skip any white space in format */
3026 		/* white space in format matchs any amount of
3027 		 * white space, including none, in the input.
3028 		 */
3029 		if (isspace(*fmt)) {
3030 			fmt = skip_spaces(++fmt);
3031 			str = skip_spaces(str);
3032 		}
3033 
3034 		/* anything that is not a conversion must match exactly */
3035 		if (*fmt != '%' && *fmt) {
3036 			if (*fmt++ != *str++)
3037 				break;
3038 			continue;
3039 		}
3040 
3041 		if (!*fmt)
3042 			break;
3043 		++fmt;
3044 
3045 		/* skip this conversion.
3046 		 * advance both strings to next white space
3047 		 */
3048 		if (*fmt == '*') {
3049 			if (!*str)
3050 				break;
3051 			while (!isspace(*fmt) && *fmt != '%' && *fmt) {
3052 				/* '%*[' not yet supported, invalid format */
3053 				if (*fmt == '[')
3054 					return num;
3055 				fmt++;
3056 			}
3057 			while (!isspace(*str) && *str)
3058 				str++;
3059 			continue;
3060 		}
3061 
3062 		/* get field width */
3063 		field_width = -1;
3064 		if (isdigit(*fmt)) {
3065 			field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);
3066 			if (field_width <= 0)
3067 				break;
3068 		}
3069 
3070 		/* get conversion qualifier */
3071 		qualifier = -1;
3072 		if (*fmt == 'h' || _tolower(*fmt) == 'l' ||
3073 		    *fmt == 'z') {
3074 			qualifier = *fmt++;
3075 			if (unlikely(qualifier == *fmt)) {
3076 				if (qualifier == 'h') {
3077 					qualifier = 'H';
3078 					fmt++;
3079 				} else if (qualifier == 'l') {
3080 					qualifier = 'L';
3081 					fmt++;
3082 				}
3083 			}
3084 		}
3085 
3086 		if (!*fmt)
3087 			break;
3088 
3089 		if (*fmt == 'n') {
3090 			/* return number of characters read so far */
3091 			*va_arg(args, int *) = str - buf;
3092 			++fmt;
3093 			continue;
3094 		}
3095 
3096 		if (!*str)
3097 			break;
3098 
3099 		base = 10;
3100 		is_sign = false;
3101 
3102 		switch (*fmt++) {
3103 		case 'c':
3104 		{
3105 			char *s = (char *)va_arg(args, char*);
3106 			if (field_width == -1)
3107 				field_width = 1;
3108 			do {
3109 				*s++ = *str++;
3110 			} while (--field_width > 0 && *str);
3111 			num++;
3112 		}
3113 		continue;
3114 		case 's':
3115 		{
3116 			char *s = (char *)va_arg(args, char *);
3117 			if (field_width == -1)
3118 				field_width = SHRT_MAX;
3119 			/* first, skip leading white space in buffer */
3120 			str = skip_spaces(str);
3121 
3122 			/* now copy until next white space */
3123 			while (*str && !isspace(*str) && field_width--)
3124 				*s++ = *str++;
3125 			*s = '\0';
3126 			num++;
3127 		}
3128 		continue;
3129 		/*
3130 		 * Warning: This implementation of the '[' conversion specifier
3131 		 * deviates from its glibc counterpart in the following ways:
3132 		 * (1) It does NOT support ranges i.e. '-' is NOT a special
3133 		 *     character
3134 		 * (2) It cannot match the closing bracket ']' itself
3135 		 * (3) A field width is required
3136 		 * (4) '%*[' (discard matching input) is currently not supported
3137 		 *
3138 		 * Example usage:
3139 		 * ret = sscanf("00:0a:95","%2[^:]:%2[^:]:%2[^:]",
3140 		 *		buf1, buf2, buf3);
3141 		 * if (ret < 3)
3142 		 *    // etc..
3143 		 */
3144 		case '[':
3145 		{
3146 			char *s = (char *)va_arg(args, char *);
3147 			DECLARE_BITMAP(set, 256) = {0};
3148 			unsigned int len = 0;
3149 			bool negate = (*fmt == '^');
3150 
3151 			/* field width is required */
3152 			if (field_width == -1)
3153 				return num;
3154 
3155 			if (negate)
3156 				++fmt;
3157 
3158 			for ( ; *fmt && *fmt != ']'; ++fmt, ++len)
3159 				set_bit((u8)*fmt, set);
3160 
3161 			/* no ']' or no character set found */
3162 			if (!*fmt || !len)
3163 				return num;
3164 			++fmt;
3165 
3166 			if (negate) {
3167 				bitmap_complement(set, set, 256);
3168 				/* exclude null '\0' byte */
3169 				clear_bit(0, set);
3170 			}
3171 
3172 			/* match must be non-empty */
3173 			if (!test_bit((u8)*str, set))
3174 				return num;
3175 
3176 			while (test_bit((u8)*str, set) && field_width--)
3177 				*s++ = *str++;
3178 			*s = '\0';
3179 			++num;
3180 		}
3181 		continue;
3182 		case 'o':
3183 			base = 8;
3184 			break;
3185 		case 'x':
3186 		case 'X':
3187 			base = 16;
3188 			break;
3189 		case 'i':
3190 			base = 0;
3191 			/* fall through */
3192 		case 'd':
3193 			is_sign = true;
3194 			/* fall through */
3195 		case 'u':
3196 			break;
3197 		case '%':
3198 			/* looking for '%' in str */
3199 			if (*str++ != '%')
3200 				return num;
3201 			continue;
3202 		default:
3203 			/* invalid format; stop here */
3204 			return num;
3205 		}
3206 
3207 		/* have some sort of integer conversion.
3208 		 * first, skip white space in buffer.
3209 		 */
3210 		str = skip_spaces(str);
3211 
3212 		digit = *str;
3213 		if (is_sign && digit == '-')
3214 			digit = *(str + 1);
3215 
3216 		if (!digit
3217 		    || (base == 16 && !isxdigit(digit))
3218 		    || (base == 10 && !isdigit(digit))
3219 		    || (base == 8 && (!isdigit(digit) || digit > '7'))
3220 		    || (base == 0 && !isdigit(digit)))
3221 			break;
3222 
3223 		if (is_sign)
3224 			val.s = qualifier != 'L' ?
3225 				simple_strtol(str, &next, base) :
3226 				simple_strtoll(str, &next, base);
3227 		else
3228 			val.u = qualifier != 'L' ?
3229 				simple_strtoul(str, &next, base) :
3230 				simple_strtoull(str, &next, base);
3231 
3232 		if (field_width > 0 && next - str > field_width) {
3233 			if (base == 0)
3234 				_parse_integer_fixup_radix(str, &base);
3235 			while (next - str > field_width) {
3236 				if (is_sign)
3237 					val.s = div_s64(val.s, base);
3238 				else
3239 					val.u = div_u64(val.u, base);
3240 				--next;
3241 			}
3242 		}
3243 
3244 		switch (qualifier) {
3245 		case 'H':	/* that's 'hh' in format */
3246 			if (is_sign)
3247 				*va_arg(args, signed char *) = val.s;
3248 			else
3249 				*va_arg(args, unsigned char *) = val.u;
3250 			break;
3251 		case 'h':
3252 			if (is_sign)
3253 				*va_arg(args, short *) = val.s;
3254 			else
3255 				*va_arg(args, unsigned short *) = val.u;
3256 			break;
3257 		case 'l':
3258 			if (is_sign)
3259 				*va_arg(args, long *) = val.s;
3260 			else
3261 				*va_arg(args, unsigned long *) = val.u;
3262 			break;
3263 		case 'L':
3264 			if (is_sign)
3265 				*va_arg(args, long long *) = val.s;
3266 			else
3267 				*va_arg(args, unsigned long long *) = val.u;
3268 			break;
3269 		case 'z':
3270 			*va_arg(args, size_t *) = val.u;
3271 			break;
3272 		default:
3273 			if (is_sign)
3274 				*va_arg(args, int *) = val.s;
3275 			else
3276 				*va_arg(args, unsigned int *) = val.u;
3277 			break;
3278 		}
3279 		num++;
3280 
3281 		if (!next)
3282 			break;
3283 		str = next;
3284 	}
3285 
3286 	return num;
3287 }
3288 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsscanf);
3289 
3290 /**
3291  * sscanf - Unformat a buffer into a list of arguments
3292  * @buf:	input buffer
3293  * @fmt:	formatting of buffer
3294  * @...:	resulting arguments
3295  */
3296 int sscanf(const char *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
3297 {
3298 	va_list args;
3299 	int i;
3300 
3301 	va_start(args, fmt);
3302 	i = vsscanf(buf, fmt, args);
3303 	va_end(args);
3304 
3305 	return i;
3306 }
3307 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sscanf);
3308