xref: /linux/kernel/kcov.c (revision 372e2db7210df7c45ead46429aeb1443ba148060)
1 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "kcov: " fmt
2 
3 #define DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING
4 #include <linux/compiler.h>
5 #include <linux/types.h>
6 #include <linux/file.h>
7 #include <linux/fs.h>
8 #include <linux/mm.h>
9 #include <linux/printk.h>
10 #include <linux/sched.h>
11 #include <linux/slab.h>
12 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
13 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
14 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
15 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
16 #include <linux/kcov.h>
17 
18 /*
19  * kcov descriptor (one per opened debugfs file).
20  * State transitions of the descriptor:
21  *  - initial state after open()
22  *  - then there must be a single ioctl(KCOV_INIT_TRACE) call
23  *  - then, mmap() call (several calls are allowed but not useful)
24  *  - then, repeated enable/disable for a task (only one task a time allowed)
25  */
26 struct kcov {
27 	/*
28 	 * Reference counter. We keep one for:
29 	 *  - opened file descriptor
30 	 *  - task with enabled coverage (we can't unwire it from another task)
31 	 */
32 	atomic_t		refcount;
33 	/* The lock protects mode, size, area and t. */
34 	spinlock_t		lock;
35 	enum kcov_mode		mode;
36 	/* Size of arena (in long's for KCOV_MODE_TRACE). */
37 	unsigned		size;
38 	/* Coverage buffer shared with user space. */
39 	void			*area;
40 	/* Task for which we collect coverage, or NULL. */
41 	struct task_struct	*t;
42 };
43 
44 /*
45  * Entry point from instrumented code.
46  * This is called once per basic-block/edge.
47  */
48 void notrace __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc(void)
49 {
50 	struct task_struct *t;
51 	enum kcov_mode mode;
52 
53 	t = current;
54 	/*
55 	 * We are interested in code coverage as a function of a syscall inputs,
56 	 * so we ignore code executed in interrupts.
57 	 * The checks for whether we are in an interrupt are open-coded, because
58 	 * 1. We can't use in_interrupt() here, since it also returns true
59 	 *    when we are inside local_bh_disable() section.
60 	 * 2. We don't want to use (in_irq() | in_serving_softirq() | in_nmi()),
61 	 *    since that leads to slower generated code (three separate tests,
62 	 *    one for each of the flags).
63 	 */
64 	if (!t || (preempt_count() & (HARDIRQ_MASK | SOFTIRQ_OFFSET
65 							| NMI_MASK)))
66 		return;
67 	mode = READ_ONCE(t->kcov_mode);
68 	if (mode == KCOV_MODE_TRACE) {
69 		unsigned long *area;
70 		unsigned long pos;
71 
72 		/*
73 		 * There is some code that runs in interrupts but for which
74 		 * in_interrupt() returns false (e.g. preempt_schedule_irq()).
75 		 * READ_ONCE()/barrier() effectively provides load-acquire wrt
76 		 * interrupts, there are paired barrier()/WRITE_ONCE() in
77 		 * kcov_ioctl_locked().
78 		 */
79 		barrier();
80 		area = t->kcov_area;
81 		/* The first word is number of subsequent PCs. */
82 		pos = READ_ONCE(area[0]) + 1;
83 		if (likely(pos < t->kcov_size)) {
84 			area[pos] = _RET_IP_;
85 			WRITE_ONCE(area[0], pos);
86 		}
87 	}
88 }
89 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc);
90 
91 static void kcov_get(struct kcov *kcov)
92 {
93 	atomic_inc(&kcov->refcount);
94 }
95 
96 static void kcov_put(struct kcov *kcov)
97 {
98 	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&kcov->refcount)) {
99 		vfree(kcov->area);
100 		kfree(kcov);
101 	}
102 }
103 
104 void kcov_task_init(struct task_struct *t)
105 {
106 	t->kcov_mode = KCOV_MODE_DISABLED;
107 	t->kcov_size = 0;
108 	t->kcov_area = NULL;
109 	t->kcov = NULL;
110 }
111 
112 void kcov_task_exit(struct task_struct *t)
113 {
114 	struct kcov *kcov;
115 
116 	kcov = t->kcov;
117 	if (kcov == NULL)
118 		return;
119 	spin_lock(&kcov->lock);
120 	if (WARN_ON(kcov->t != t)) {
121 		spin_unlock(&kcov->lock);
122 		return;
123 	}
124 	/* Just to not leave dangling references behind. */
125 	kcov_task_init(t);
126 	kcov->t = NULL;
127 	spin_unlock(&kcov->lock);
128 	kcov_put(kcov);
129 }
130 
131 static int kcov_mmap(struct file *filep, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
132 {
133 	int res = 0;
134 	void *area;
135 	struct kcov *kcov = vma->vm_file->private_data;
136 	unsigned long size, off;
137 	struct page *page;
138 
139 	area = vmalloc_user(vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start);
140 	if (!area)
141 		return -ENOMEM;
142 
143 	spin_lock(&kcov->lock);
144 	size = kcov->size * sizeof(unsigned long);
145 	if (kcov->mode == KCOV_MODE_DISABLED || vma->vm_pgoff != 0 ||
146 	    vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start != size) {
147 		res = -EINVAL;
148 		goto exit;
149 	}
150 	if (!kcov->area) {
151 		kcov->area = area;
152 		vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND;
153 		spin_unlock(&kcov->lock);
154 		for (off = 0; off < size; off += PAGE_SIZE) {
155 			page = vmalloc_to_page(kcov->area + off);
156 			if (vm_insert_page(vma, vma->vm_start + off, page))
157 				WARN_ONCE(1, "vm_insert_page() failed");
158 		}
159 		return 0;
160 	}
161 exit:
162 	spin_unlock(&kcov->lock);
163 	vfree(area);
164 	return res;
165 }
166 
167 static int kcov_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filep)
168 {
169 	struct kcov *kcov;
170 
171 	kcov = kzalloc(sizeof(*kcov), GFP_KERNEL);
172 	if (!kcov)
173 		return -ENOMEM;
174 	atomic_set(&kcov->refcount, 1);
175 	spin_lock_init(&kcov->lock);
176 	filep->private_data = kcov;
177 	return nonseekable_open(inode, filep);
178 }
179 
180 static int kcov_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *filep)
181 {
182 	kcov_put(filep->private_data);
183 	return 0;
184 }
185 
186 static int kcov_ioctl_locked(struct kcov *kcov, unsigned int cmd,
187 			     unsigned long arg)
188 {
189 	struct task_struct *t;
190 	unsigned long size, unused;
191 
192 	switch (cmd) {
193 	case KCOV_INIT_TRACE:
194 		/*
195 		 * Enable kcov in trace mode and setup buffer size.
196 		 * Must happen before anything else.
197 		 */
198 		if (kcov->mode != KCOV_MODE_DISABLED)
199 			return -EBUSY;
200 		/*
201 		 * Size must be at least 2 to hold current position and one PC.
202 		 * Later we allocate size * sizeof(unsigned long) memory,
203 		 * that must not overflow.
204 		 */
205 		size = arg;
206 		if (size < 2 || size > INT_MAX / sizeof(unsigned long))
207 			return -EINVAL;
208 		kcov->size = size;
209 		kcov->mode = KCOV_MODE_TRACE;
210 		return 0;
211 	case KCOV_ENABLE:
212 		/*
213 		 * Enable coverage for the current task.
214 		 * At this point user must have been enabled trace mode,
215 		 * and mmapped the file. Coverage collection is disabled only
216 		 * at task exit or voluntary by KCOV_DISABLE. After that it can
217 		 * be enabled for another task.
218 		 */
219 		unused = arg;
220 		if (unused != 0 || kcov->mode == KCOV_MODE_DISABLED ||
221 		    kcov->area == NULL)
222 			return -EINVAL;
223 		if (kcov->t != NULL)
224 			return -EBUSY;
225 		t = current;
226 		/* Cache in task struct for performance. */
227 		t->kcov_size = kcov->size;
228 		t->kcov_area = kcov->area;
229 		/* See comment in __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc(). */
230 		barrier();
231 		WRITE_ONCE(t->kcov_mode, kcov->mode);
232 		t->kcov = kcov;
233 		kcov->t = t;
234 		/* This is put either in kcov_task_exit() or in KCOV_DISABLE. */
235 		kcov_get(kcov);
236 		return 0;
237 	case KCOV_DISABLE:
238 		/* Disable coverage for the current task. */
239 		unused = arg;
240 		if (unused != 0 || current->kcov != kcov)
241 			return -EINVAL;
242 		t = current;
243 		if (WARN_ON(kcov->t != t))
244 			return -EINVAL;
245 		kcov_task_init(t);
246 		kcov->t = NULL;
247 		kcov_put(kcov);
248 		return 0;
249 	default:
250 		return -ENOTTY;
251 	}
252 }
253 
254 static long kcov_ioctl(struct file *filep, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
255 {
256 	struct kcov *kcov;
257 	int res;
258 
259 	kcov = filep->private_data;
260 	spin_lock(&kcov->lock);
261 	res = kcov_ioctl_locked(kcov, cmd, arg);
262 	spin_unlock(&kcov->lock);
263 	return res;
264 }
265 
266 static const struct file_operations kcov_fops = {
267 	.open		= kcov_open,
268 	.unlocked_ioctl	= kcov_ioctl,
269 	.mmap		= kcov_mmap,
270 	.release        = kcov_close,
271 };
272 
273 static int __init kcov_init(void)
274 {
275 	/*
276 	 * The kcov debugfs file won't ever get removed and thus,
277 	 * there is no need to protect it against removal races. The
278 	 * use of debugfs_create_file_unsafe() is actually safe here.
279 	 */
280 	if (!debugfs_create_file_unsafe("kcov", 0600, NULL, NULL, &kcov_fops)) {
281 		pr_err("failed to create kcov in debugfs\n");
282 		return -ENOMEM;
283 	}
284 	return 0;
285 }
286 
287 device_initcall(kcov_init);
288