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Copyright 1989 AT&T
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if_tcp, if - general properties of Internet Protocol network interfaces

A network interface is a device for sending and receiving packets on a network. It is usually a hardware device, although it can be implemented in software. Network interfaces used by the Internet Protocol (IPv4 or IPv6) must be STREAMS devices conforming to the Data Link Provider Interface (DLPI). See dlpi(4P).

An interface becomes available to IP when it is opened and the IP module is pushed onto the stream with the I_PUSH ioctl(2) command. (See streamio(4I)). The SIOCSLIFNAME ioctl(2) is issued to specify the name of the interface and to indicate whether it is IPv4 or IPv6. This may be initiated by the kernel at boot time or by a user program after the system is running. Each interface must be assigned an IP address with the SIOCSLIFADDR ioctl() before it can be used. On interfaces where the network-to-link layer address mapping is static, only the network number is taken from the ioctl() request; the remainder is found in a hardware specific manner. On interfaces which provide dynamic network-to-link layer address mapping facilities (for example, Ethernets using arp(4P)), the entire address specified in the ioctl() is used. A routing table entry for destinations on the network of the interface is installed automatically when an interface's address is set.

You cannot create IPMP IP interfaces using the procedure described above. Instead, use ifconfig(8).

The following ioctl() calls may be used to manipulate IP network interfaces. Unless specified otherwise, the request takes an lifreq structure as its parameter. This structure has the form:

struct lifreq {
#define LIFNAMSIZ 32
 char lifr_name[LIFNAMSIZ]; /* if name, e.g. "le1" */
 union {
 int lifru_addrlen; /* for subnet/token etc */
 uint_t lifru_ppa; /* SIOCSLIFNAME */
 } lifr_lifru1;
 union {
 struct sockaddr_storage lifru_addr;
 struct sockaddr_storage lifru_dstaddr;
 struct sockaddr_storage lifru_broadaddr;
 struct sockaddr_storage lifru_token; /* With lifr_addrlen */
 struct sockaddr_storage lifru_subnet; /* With lifr_addrlen */
 int lifru_index; /* interface index */
 uint64_t lifru_flags; /* SIOC?LIFFLAGS */
 int lifru_metric;
 uint_t lifru_mtu;
 int lif_muxid[2]; /* mux id's for arp & ip */
 struct lif_nd_req lifru_nd_req; /* SIOCLIF*ND */
 struct lif_ifinfo_req lifru_ifinfo_req;
 zoneid_t lifru_zone; /* SIOC[GS]LIFZONE */
 } lifr_lifru;

#define lifr_addrlen lifr_lifru1.lifru_addrlen
#define lifr_ppa lifr_lifru1.lifru_ppa /* Driver's ppa */
#define lifr_addr lifr_lifru.lifru_addr /* address */
#define lifr_dstaddr lifr_lifru.lifru_dstaddr
#define lifr_broadaddr lifr_lifru.lifru_broadaddr /* broadcast addr. */
#define lifr_token lifr_lifru.lifru_token /* address token */
#define lifr_subnet lifr_lifru.lifru_subnet /* subnet prefix */
#define lifr_index lifr_lifru.lifru_index /* interface index */
#define lifr_flags lifr_lifru.lifru_flags /* flags */
#define lifr_metric lifr_lifru.lifru_metric /* metric */
#define lifr_mtu lifr_lifru.lifru_mtu /* mtu */
#define lifr_ip_muxid lifr_lifru.lif_muxid[0]
#define lifr_arp_muxid lifr_lifru.lif_muxid[1]
#define lifr_nd lifr_lifru.lifru_nd_req /* SIOCLIF*ND */
#define lifr_ifinfo lifr_lifru.lifru_ifinfo_req /* SIOC[GS]LIFLNKINFO */
#define lifr_zone lifr_lifru.lifru_zone /* SIOC[GS]LIFZONE */
};

SIOCSLIFADDR SIOCGLIFADDR SIOCSLIFDSTADDR SIOCGLIFDSTADDR SIOCSLIFFLAGS SIOCGLIFFLAGS SIOCGLIFCONF SIOCGLIFNUM SIOCSLIFMTU SIOCGLIFMTU SIOCSLIFMETRIC SIOCGLIFMETRIC SIOCGLIFMUXID SIOCSLIFMUXID SIOCGLIFINDEX SIOCSLIFINDEX SIOCGLIFZONE SIOCSLIFZONE SIOCLIFADDIF SIOCLIFREMOVEIF SIOCSLIFTOKEN SIOCGLIFTOKEN SIOCSLIFSUBNET SIOCGLIFSUBNET SIOCSLIFLNKINFO SIOCGLIFLNKINFO SIOCLIFDELND SIOCLIFGETND SIOCLIFSETND SIOCSLIFUSESRC SIOCGLIFUSESRC SIOCGLIFSRCOF SIOCTONLINK SIOCTMYADDR SIOCTMYSITE

The structure used by SIOCGLIFCONF has the form:

struct lifconf {
 sa_family_t lifc_family;
 int lifc_flags; /* request specific
 /* interfaces */
 int lifc_len; /* size of assoc. buffer */
 union {
 caddr_t lifcu_buf;
 struct lifreq *lifcu_req;
 } lifc_lifcu;

#define lifc_buf lifc_lifcu.lifcu_buf /* buffer address */
#define lifc_req lifc_lifcu.lifcu_req /* array of structs returned */
};

The structure used by SIOCGLIFNUM has the form:

struct lifnum {
 sa_family_t lifn_family;
 int lifn_flags; /* req. specf. interfaces */
 int lifn_count; /* Result */
};

The structure used by SIOCTONLINK, SIOCTMYADDR and SIOCTMYSITE has the form:

struct sioc_addrreq {
 struct sockaddr_storage sa_addr; /* Address to test */
 int sa_res; /* Result - 0/1 */
};

The structure used by SIOCGLIFSRCOF has the form:

 struct lifsrcof {
 uint_t lifs_ifindex; /* addr on this interface */
 /* used as the src addr */
 size_t lifs_maxlen; /* size of buffer: input */
 size_t lifs_len; /* size of buffer: output */
 union {
 caddr_t lifsu_buf;
 struct lifreq *lifsu_req;
 } lifs_lifsu;
#define lifs_buf lifs_lifsu.lifsu_buf /* buffer addr. */
#define lifs_req lifs_lifsu.lifsu_req /* array returned */
};

The following ioctl() calls are maintained for compatibility but only apply to IPv4 network interfaces, since the data structures are too small to hold an IPv6 address. Unless specified otherwise, the request takes an ifreq structure as its parameter. This structure has the form:

struct ifreq {
#define IFNAMSIZ 16
 char ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* interface name - e.g. "hme0" */
 union {
 struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
 struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
 struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
 short ifru_flags;
 int ifru_metric;
 int if_muxid[2]; /* mux id's for arp and ip */
 int ifru_index; /* interface index */
 } ifr_ifru;

#define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr /* address */
#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr /* other end of p-to-p link */
#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */
#define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags /* flags */
#define ifr_index ifr_ifru.ifru_index /* interface index */
#define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_metric /* metric */
};

SIOCSIFADDR SIOCGIFADDR SIOCSIFDSTADDR SIOCGIFDSTADDR SIOCSIFFLAGS SIOCGIFFLAGS SIOCGIFCONF SIOCGIFNUM SIOCSIFMTU SIOCGIFMTU SIOCSIFMETRIC SIOCGIFMETRIC SIOCGIFMUXID SIOCSIFMUXID SIOCGIFINDEX SIOCSIFINDEX

The ifconf structure has the form:

struct ifconf {
 int ifc_len; /* size of assoc. buffer */
 union {
 caddr_t ifcu_buf;
 struct ifreq *ifcu_req;
 } ifc_ifcu;

#define ifc_buf ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf /* buffer address */
#define ifc_req ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req /* array of structs returned */
};

You can use the ifconfig(8) command to display the IFF_ flags listed below (with the leading IFF_ prefix removed). See the ifconfig(8) manpage for a definition of each flag.

#define IFF_UP 0x0000000001 /* Address is up */
#define IFF_BROADCAST 0x0000000002 /* Broadcast address valid */
#define IFF_DEBUG 0x0000000004 /* Turn on debugging */
#define IFF_LOOPBACK 0x0000000008 /* Loopback net */

#define IFF_POINTOPOINT 0x0000000010 /* Interface is p-to-p */
#define IFF_NOTRAILERS 0x0000000020 /* Avoid use of trailers */
#define IFF_RUNNING 0x0000000040 /* Resources allocated */
#define IFF_NOARP 0x0000000080 /* No address res. protocol */

#define IFF_PROMISC 0x0000000100 /* Receive all packets */
#define IFF_ALLMULTI 0x0000000200 /* Receive all multicast pkts */
#define IFF_INTELLIGENT 0x0000000400 /* Protocol code on board */
#define IFF_MULTICAST 0x0000000800 /* Supports multicast */

#define IFF_MULTI_BCAST 0x0000001000 /* Multicast using broadcst. add. */
#define IFF_UNNUMBERED 0x0000002000 /* Non-unique address */
#define IFF_DHCPRUNNING 0x0000004000 /* DHCP controls interface */
#define IFF_PRIVATE 0x0000008000 /* Do not advertise */

#define IFF_NOXMIT 0x0000010000 /* Do not transmit pkts */
#define IFF_NOLOCAL 0x0000020000 /* No address - just on-link subnet */
#define IFF_DEPRECATED 0x0000040000 /* Address is deprecated */
#define IFF_ADDRCONF 0x0000080000 /* Addr. from stateless addrconf */

#define IFF_ROUTER 0x0000100000 /* Router on interface */
#define IFF_NONUD 0x0000200000 /* No NUD on interface */
#define IFF_ANYCAST 0x0000400000 /* Anycast address */
#define IFF_NORTEXCH 0x0000800000 /* Don't xchange rout. info */

#define IFF_IPV4 0x0001000000 /* IPv4 interface */
#define IFF_IPV6 0x0002000000 /* IPv6 interface */
#define IFF_NOFAILOVER 0x0008000000 /* in.mpathd test address */
#define IFF_FAILED 0x0010000000 /* Interface has failed */

#define IFF_STANDBY 0x0020000000 /* Interface is a hot-spare */
#define IFF_INACTIVE 0x0040000000 /* Functioning but not used */
#define IFF_OFFLINE 0x0080000000 /* Interface is offline */
#define IFF_XRESOLV 0x0100000000 /* IPv6 external resolver */

#define IFF_COS_ENABLED 0x0200000000 /* If CoS marking is supported */
#define IFF_PREFERRED 0x0400000000 /* Prefer as source address */
#define IFF_TEMPORARY 0x0800000000 /* RFC3041 */
#define IFF_FIXEDMTU 0x1000000000 /* MTU set with SIOCSLIFMTU */

#define IFF_VIRTUAL 0x2000000000 /* Cannot send/receive pkts */
#define IFF_DUPLICATE 0x4000000000 /* Local address in use */
#define IFF_IPMP 0x8000000000 /* IPMP IP interface */

EPERM ENXIO EBADADDR EINVAL EEXIST

ioctl (2), sockaddr (3SOCKET), streamio (4I), arp (4P), dlpi (4P), ip (4P), ip6 (4P), ndp (4P), ifconfig (8), in.routed (8)