tools/bsnmptools/bsnmpget.1

.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2010 The FreeBSD Foundation
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Portions of this documentation were written by Shteryana Sotirova Shopova
.\" under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2005-2007 The FreeBSD Project.
.\"	All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Author: Shteryana Shopova <syrinx@FreeBSD.org>
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd January 10, 2012
.Dt BSNMPGET 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm bsnmpget ,
.Nm bsnmpwalk ,
.Nm bsnmpset
.Nd "simple tools for querying SNMP agents"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl aDdehnK
.Op Fl A Ar options
.Op Fl b Ar buffersize
.Op Fl C Ar options
.Op Fl I Ar options
.Op Fl i Ar filelist
.Op Fl l Ar filename
.Op Fl M Ar max-repetitions
.Op Fl N Ar non-repeaters
.Op Fl o Ar output
.Op Fl P Ar options
.Op Fl p Ar pdu
.Op Fl r Ar retries
.Op Fl s Ar [trans::][community@][server][:port]
.Op Fl t Ar timeout
.Op Fl U Ar options
.Op Fl v Ar version
.Op Ar OID ...
.Pp
.Nm bsnmpwalk
.Op Fl dhnK
.Op Fl A Ar options
.Op Fl b Ar buffersize
.Op Fl C Ar options
.Op Fl I Ar options
.Op Fl i Ar filelist
.Op Fl l Ar filename
.Op Fl o Ar output
.Op Fl P Ar options
.Op Fl r Ar retries
.Op Fl s Ar [trans::][community@][server][:port]
.Op Fl t Ar timeout
.Op Fl U Ar options
.Op Fl v Ar version
.Op Ar OID ...
.Pp
.Nm bsnmpset
.Op Fl adehnK
.Op Fl A Ar options
.Op Fl b Ar buffersize
.Op Fl C Ar options
.Op Fl I Ar options
.Op Fl i Ar filelist
.Op Fl l Ar filename
.Op Fl o Ar output
.Op Fl P Ar options
.Op Fl r Ar retries
.Op Fl s Ar [trans::][community@][server][:port]
.Op Fl t Ar timeout
.Op Fl U Ar options
.Op Fl v Ar version
.Ar OID Ns = Ar syntax Ns : Ns Ar value
.Op Ar OID Ns = Ar syntax Ns : Ns Ar value ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm ,
.Nm bsnmpwalk
and
.Nm bsnmpset
are simple tools for retrieving management information from and setting
management information to a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent.
.Pp
Depending on the options
.Nm bsnmpget
constructs either a SMNP GetRequest, GetNextRequest
or a GetBulkRequest packet, fills in the object identifiers (OIDs) of the
objects whose values will be retrived, waits for a response and prints it if
received successfully.
.Pp
.Nm Bsnmpwalk
queries an agent with ether SMNP GetNextRequest or GetBulkRequest packets,
asking for values of OID instances that are a part of the object subtree
rooted at the provided OIDs.
.Pp
.Nm Bsnmpset
constructs a SMNP SetRequest packet, fills in the OIDs (object identifiers),
syntaxes and values of the objects whose values are to be set and waits for a
response from server.
.Sh OPTIONS
The options are as follows (not all apply to all three programs):
.Bl -tag -width ".It Fl D Ar options"
.It Fl A Ar options
Authentication options to use with SNMPv3 PDUs
.Bl -tag -width \&
.It Cm proto=[md5|sha]
The protocol to use when calculating the PDU message digest.
.It Cm key=authkey
A binary localized authentication key to use when calculating the PDU message
digest.
.El
.Pp
By default SNMPv3 PDUs are sent unauthenticated.
.It Fl a
Skip any sanity checks when adding OIDs to a Protocol Data Unit (PDU):
ingore syntax/access type, allow adding of non-leaf objects for GetPdu and
read-only objects to a SetPDU.
.It Fl b Ar buffersize
Tune the size of buffers used to send and receive packets.
The default size is 10000 bytes which should be enough unless an agent sends
a really large octetstring.
The maximum allowed length is 65535 according to the Structure of Management
Information (SMIv2).
.It Fl C Ar options
The context to query with SNMPv3 PDUs.
.Bl -tag -width \&
.It Cm context=name
The context name. Default is "" (empty).
.It Cm context-engine=engine-id
The SNMP Engine ID of the context to query with SNMPv3 PDUs, represented as
binary octet string. By default, this is set to the Engine ID of the SNMP agent.
.El
.It Fl D
Perform SNMP USM Engine Discovery, rather than sending a request for the value
of a specific object.
.It Fl d
Turn on debugging.
This option will cause the packets sent and received to be dumped to the
terminal.
.It Fl e
Retry on error.
If an error is returned in the response PDU, resend the request removing the
variable that caused the error until a valid response is received.
This is only useful for a GetRequest- and a GetNextRequest-PDU.
.It Fl h
Print a short help text with default values for various options.
.It Fl I Ar options
Load each MIB description file from the given list to translate symbolic
object names to their numerical representation and vice versa.
Use the other options to obtain a non-default behaviour:
.Bl -tag -width \&
.It Cm cut=OID
Specifies the initial OID that was cut by
.Xr gensnmpdef 1
when producing the MIB description file.
The default value is .iso(1).org(3).dod(6) which is what should have been
used for all the files installed under /usr/share/snmp/defs.
Use this only if you generated your own files, providing a
.Fl c
option to
.Xr gensnmpdef 1 .
.It Cm path=filedir
The directory where files in the list will be searched.
The default is
.Pa /usr/share/snmp/defs Ns .
.It Cm file=filelist
A comma separated list of files to which the two options above will apply.
.El
.Pp
The file suboption has to come after the other suboptions so that their
non-default values will be applied to the list of files.
The order of the other suboptions before each file suboption can be random.
Suboptions may be separated either by commas or by spaces.
If using spaces make sure the entire option string is one argument, for
example using quotes.
.It Fl i Ar filelist
List of MIB description files produced by
.Xr gensnmpdef 1 which
.Nm bsnmpget ,
.Nm bsnmpwalk
or
.Nm bsnmpset
will search to translate numerical OIDs to their symbolic object names.
Multiple files can be provided either giving this option multiple times
or a comma separated list of file names.
If a filename begins with a letter the default directory,
/usr/share/snmp/defs,
will be searched.
.It Fl K
Calculate and display the localized authentication and privacy keys
corresponding to a plain text password. The password is obtain via the
environment. Additionally, if one or more OIDs are specified, the calculated
keys are used when processing the SNMPv3 requests.
.It Fl l Ar filename
The path of the posix local (unix domain) socket if local
transport is used.
.It Fl M Ar max-repetitions
The value for the max-repetitions field in a GetBulk PDU.
Default is 10.
.It Fl N Ar non-repeaters
The value for the non-repeaters field in a GetBulk PDU.
Default is 0.
.It Fl n
Only use numerical representations for input and output OIDs and do not
try to resolve symbolic object names.
Note that
.Nm bsnmpget ,
.Nm bsnmpwalk
and
.Nm bsnmpset
will print numerical OIDs anyway if the corresponding string representation
is not found in the MIB description files.
.It Fl o Ar [quiet|short|verbose]
The format used to print the received response.
Quiet only prints values, short (default) prints an abbreviated OID
representation and the value.
In addition to the short output verbose prints the type before the value.
.It Fl P Ar options
Privacy options to use with SNMPv3 PDUs
.Bl -tag -width \&
.It Cm proto=[aes|des]
The protocol to use when encypting/decrypting SNMPv3 PDU data.
.It Cm key=privkey
A binary localized privacy key to use when encypting/decrypting SNMPv3 PDU data.
.El
.Pp
By default plain text SNMPv3 PDUs are sent.
.It Fl p Ar [get|getnext|getbulk]
The PDU type to send by
.Nm bsmpget
and
.Nm bsnmpwalk .
Default is get
for
.Nm bsmpget
and getnext for
.Nm bsnmpwalk .
Getbulk allows executing the so called SNMP "bulkwalks" allowing the values of
multiple columns to be retrived in a single PDU by
.Nm bsnmpwalk .
.It Fl r Ar retries
Number of resends of request packets before giving up if the agent does
not respond after the first try.
Default is 3.
.It Fl s Ar [trans::] Ns Ar [community@] Ns Ar [server] Ns Ar [:port]
Each of the server specification components is optional but at least one
has to be provided if
.Ar s
option is used.
The server specification is constructed in the following manner:
.Bl -tag -width \&
.It Cm trans::
Transport type may be one of udp, stream or dgram.
If this option is not provided an udp inet/inet6 socket will be used, which
is the most common.
Stream stands for a posix local stream socket and a posix local datagram
socket will be used if dgram is specified.
.It Cm community@
Specify an SNMP community string to be used when sending packets.
If the option is skipped the default "public" will be used for
.Nm
and
.Nm bsnmpwalk
and the default "private" community string will be used for
.Nm bsnmpset .
.It Cm server
This might be either the IP address or the hostname where the agent is
listening.
The default is
.Qq localhost .
.It Cm port
The destination port to send the requests to.
This is useful if the SNMP agent listens on a non-default port.
Default is given by the
.Qq snmp
entry in
.Pa /etc/services ,
port 161.
.El
.It Fl t Ar timeout
Number of seconds before resending a request packet if the agent does
not respond.
The default value is 3 seconds.
.It Fl U Ar options
User credentials when sending SNMPv3 PDUs.
.Bl -tag -width \&
.It Cm engine=id
The Engine ID of the SNMP agent represented as a binary octet string.
.It Cm engine-boots=value
The value of the snmpEngineBoots of the SNMP agent.
.It Cm engine-time=value
The value of the snmpEngineTime of the SNMP agent.
.Pp
If any of the above is not specified, SNMP USM Engine Discovery is attempted.
This is also the default behavior.
.It Cm name=username
The USM user name to include in the SNMPv3 PDUs. By default, the user name is
obtain via the environment
.El
.It Fl v Ar version
The SNMP protocol version to use when sending requests. SNMP versions 1, 2 and
3 are supported.
If no version option is provided
.Nm bsnmpget ,
.Nm bsnmpwalk
and
.Nm bsnmpset
will use version 2.
Note that GetBulkRequest-PDUs were introduced in SNMPv2 thus setting the
version to 1 is incompatiable with sending a GetBulk PDU.
.It OID
The object identifier whose value to retrive.
At least one OID should be provided for
.Nm bsnmpget
to be able to send a request.
.Pp
For
.Nm bsnmpwalk
this is the root object identifier of the subtree whose values are to be
retrived.
If no OID is provided
.Nm bsnmpwalk
will walk the mib2 subtree rooted
at .iso(1).org(3).dod(6).internet(1).mgmt(2).mib2(1) .
.Pp
Any of the formats used to print a single variable
is valid as input OID:
.Bl -tag -width \&
.It 1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.1.0
.It sysDescr
.It ifPhysAddress.1
.It ifRcvAddressStatus.2.6.255.255.255.255.255.255
.It ifRcvAddressType[2,ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff]
.It ifRcvAddressStatus[Integer:1,OctetString:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff]
(requires
.Fl o Ar verbose
option)
.El
.Pp
Square brackets are used to denote an entry's indexes.
When used in an input OID, the square brackets may have to be
escaped or the OID has to be quoted to protect it from the shell.
Note there is no difference between ifName.1 and "ifName[1]".
.It OID Ns = Ns Ar [syntax Ns :] Ns Ar value
The object identifier with its syntax type and value that is to be set.
At least one such string OID=[syntax:]value should be provided to
.Nm bsnmpset
to be able to send a request.
.Bl -tag -width \&
.It Cm OID
OID may be input as a string, a string followed by a random number of integers
(suboids) separated by dots, a sequence of integers separated by dots - that is
if
.Ar n
options is used - and in such case a syntax is required for every value,
or a string followed by square brackets (used to denote an entry's indexes) and
corresponding indexes.
Any of formats used to print a single variable by
.Nm bsnmpset is
valid for inpit OID as well:
.Bl -tag -width \&
.It 1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.1.0=TimeTicks:537615486
.It sysLocation=OctetString:"@ Home" (with Fl o Ar verbose No option)
.It sysLocation.0="@ Home"
.It 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.6.1=OctetString:ffffffffffff
.It ifPhysAddress.1="00:02:b3:1d:1c:a3"
.It ifRcvAddressStatus.1.6.255.255.255.255.255.255=1
.It "ifRcvAddressStatus[Integer:1,OctetString:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff]=Integer:1"
(with
.Fl o Ar verbose
option)
.El
.It Cm syntax
where syntax string is one of:
Integer, OctetString, OID, IpAddress, Counter32, Gauge, TimeTicks, Counter64.
.It Cm value
The value to be set - IP address in form of u.u.u.u - for example
1.3.1.6.1.2.0=IpAddress:192.168.0.1, strings require inverted-commas if they
contain any special characters or spaces, all other numeric types don't.
.El
.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Nm ,
.Nm bsnmpwalk
and
.Nm bsnmpset
use the following environment variables:
.Bl -tag -width SNMPAUTH
.It Ev SNMPAUTH
Specifies a default SNMP USM authentication protocol.
.It Ev SNMPPRIV
Specifies a default SNMP USM privacy protocol.
.It Ev SNMPUSER
Specifies a default SNMP USM user name.
.It Ev SNMPPASSWD
Specifies the SNMP USM plain text password to use when calculating localized
authentication and privacy keys. If this variable exists in the environment,
SMNPv3 is the default version to use for outgoing requests.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr gensnmpdef 1
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Shteryana Shopova Aq syrinx@FreeBSD.org