xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/arp/arp.c (revision 1603881667360c015f6685131f2f25474fa67a72)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1984, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Sun Microsystems, Inc.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #if 0
36 #ifndef lint
37 static char const copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1984, 1993\n\
39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char const sccsid[] = "@(#)from: arp.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 1/2/94";
44 #endif /* not lint */
45 #endif
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 
49 /*
50  * arp - display, set, and delete arp table entries
51  */
52 
53 #include <sys/param.h>
54 #include <sys/file.h>
55 #include <sys/socket.h>
56 #include <sys/sockio.h>
57 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
58 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
59 #include <sys/time.h>
60 
61 #include <net/if.h>
62 #include <net/if_dl.h>
63 #include <net/if_types.h>
64 #include <net/route.h>
65 
66 #include <netinet/in.h>
67 #include <netinet/if_ether.h>
68 
69 #include <arpa/inet.h>
70 
71 #include <ctype.h>
72 #include <err.h>
73 #include <errno.h>
74 #include <netdb.h>
75 #include <nlist.h>
76 #include <paths.h>
77 #include <stdio.h>
78 #include <stdlib.h>
79 #include <string.h>
80 #include <strings.h>
81 #include <unistd.h>
82 #include <libxo/xo.h>
83 
84 typedef void (action_fn)(struct sockaddr_dl *sdl, struct sockaddr_in *s_in,
85     struct rt_msghdr *rtm);
86 
87 static int search(u_long addr, action_fn *action);
88 static action_fn print_entry;
89 static action_fn nuke_entry;
90 
91 static int delete(char *host);
92 static void usage(void);
93 static int set(int argc, char **argv);
94 static int get(char *host);
95 static int file(char *name);
96 static struct rt_msghdr *rtmsg(int cmd,
97     struct sockaddr_in *dst, struct sockaddr_dl *sdl);
98 static int get_ether_addr(in_addr_t ipaddr, struct ether_addr *hwaddr);
99 static struct sockaddr_in *getaddr(char *host);
100 static int valid_type(int type);
101 
102 static int nflag;	/* no reverse dns lookups */
103 static char *rifname;
104 
105 static time_t	expire_time;
106 static int	flags, doing_proxy;
107 
108 struct if_nameindex *ifnameindex;
109 
110 /* which function we're supposed to do */
111 #define F_GET		1
112 #define F_SET		2
113 #define F_FILESET	3
114 #define F_REPLACE	4
115 #define F_DELETE	5
116 
117 #define SETFUNC(f)	{ if (func) usage(); func = (f); }
118 
119 #define ARP_XO_VERSION	"1"
120 
121 int
122 main(int argc, char *argv[])
123 {
124 	int ch, func = 0;
125 	int rtn = 0;
126 	int aflag = 0;	/* do it for all entries */
127 
128 	argc = xo_parse_args(argc, argv);
129 	if (argc < 0)
130 		exit(1);
131 
132 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "andfsSi:")) != -1)
133 		switch(ch) {
134 		case 'a':
135 			aflag = 1;
136 			break;
137 		case 'd':
138 			SETFUNC(F_DELETE);
139 			break;
140 		case 'n':
141 			nflag = 1;
142 			break;
143 		case 'S':
144 			SETFUNC(F_REPLACE);
145 			break;
146 		case 's':
147 			SETFUNC(F_SET);
148 			break;
149 		case 'f' :
150 			SETFUNC(F_FILESET);
151 			break;
152 		case 'i':
153 			rifname = optarg;
154 			break;
155 		case '?':
156 		default:
157 			usage();
158 		}
159 	argc -= optind;
160 	argv += optind;
161 
162 	if (!func)
163 		func = F_GET;
164 	if (rifname) {
165 		if (func != F_GET && !(func == F_DELETE && aflag))
166 			xo_errx(1, "-i not applicable to this operation");
167 		if (if_nametoindex(rifname) == 0) {
168 			if (errno == ENXIO)
169 				xo_errx(1, "interface %s does not exist",
170 				    rifname);
171 			else
172 				xo_err(1, "if_nametoindex(%s)", rifname);
173 		}
174 	}
175 	switch (func) {
176 	case F_GET:
177 		if (aflag) {
178 			if (argc != 0)
179 				usage();
180 
181 			xo_set_version(ARP_XO_VERSION);
182 			xo_open_container("arp");
183 			xo_open_list("arp-cache");
184 
185 			search(0, print_entry);
186 
187 			xo_close_list("arp-cache");
188 			xo_close_container("arp");
189 			xo_finish();
190 		} else {
191 			if (argc != 1)
192 				usage();
193 			rtn = get(argv[0]);
194 		}
195 		break;
196 	case F_SET:
197 	case F_REPLACE:
198 		if (argc < 2 || argc > 6)
199 			usage();
200 		if (func == F_REPLACE)
201 			(void)delete(argv[0]);
202 		rtn = set(argc, argv) ? 1 : 0;
203 		break;
204 	case F_DELETE:
205 		if (aflag) {
206 			if (argc != 0)
207 				usage();
208 			search(0, nuke_entry);
209 		} else {
210 			if (argc != 1)
211 				usage();
212 			rtn = delete(argv[0]);
213 		}
214 		break;
215 	case F_FILESET:
216 		if (argc != 1)
217 			usage();
218 		rtn = file(argv[0]);
219 		break;
220 	}
221 
222 	if (ifnameindex != NULL)
223 		if_freenameindex(ifnameindex);
224 
225 	return (rtn);
226 }
227 
228 /*
229  * Process a file to set standard arp entries
230  */
231 static int
232 file(char *name)
233 {
234 	FILE *fp;
235 	int i, retval;
236 	char line[100], arg[5][50], *args[5], *p;
237 
238 	if ((fp = fopen(name, "r")) == NULL)
239 		xo_err(1, "cannot open %s", name);
240 	args[0] = &arg[0][0];
241 	args[1] = &arg[1][0];
242 	args[2] = &arg[2][0];
243 	args[3] = &arg[3][0];
244 	args[4] = &arg[4][0];
245 	retval = 0;
246 	while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != NULL) {
247 		if ((p = strchr(line, '#')) != NULL)
248 			*p = '\0';
249 		for (p = line; isblank(*p); p++);
250 		if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\0')
251 			continue;
252 		i = sscanf(p, "%49s %49s %49s %49s %49s", arg[0], arg[1],
253 		    arg[2], arg[3], arg[4]);
254 		if (i < 2) {
255 			xo_warnx("bad line: %s", line);
256 			retval = 1;
257 			continue;
258 		}
259 		if (set(i, args))
260 			retval = 1;
261 	}
262 	fclose(fp);
263 	return (retval);
264 }
265 
266 /*
267  * Given a hostname, fills up a (static) struct sockaddr_in with
268  * the address of the host and returns a pointer to the
269  * structure.
270  */
271 static struct sockaddr_in *
272 getaddr(char *host)
273 {
274 	struct hostent *hp;
275 	static struct sockaddr_in reply;
276 
277 	bzero(&reply, sizeof(reply));
278 	reply.sin_len = sizeof(reply);
279 	reply.sin_family = AF_INET;
280 	reply.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(host);
281 	if (reply.sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_NONE) {
282 		if (!(hp = gethostbyname(host))) {
283 			xo_warnx("%s: %s", host, hstrerror(h_errno));
284 			return (NULL);
285 		}
286 		bcopy((char *)hp->h_addr, (char *)&reply.sin_addr,
287 			sizeof reply.sin_addr);
288 	}
289 	return (&reply);
290 }
291 
292 /*
293  * Returns true if the type is a valid one for ARP.
294  */
295 static int
296 valid_type(int type)
297 {
298 
299 	switch (type) {
300 	case IFT_ETHER:
301 	case IFT_FDDI:
302 	case IFT_IEEE1394:
303 	case IFT_INFINIBAND:
304 	case IFT_ISO88023:
305 	case IFT_ISO88024:
306 	case IFT_L2VLAN:
307 	case IFT_BRIDGE:
308 		return (1);
309 	default:
310 		return (0);
311 	}
312 }
313 
314 /*
315  * Set an individual arp entry
316  */
317 static int
318 set(int argc, char **argv)
319 {
320 	struct sockaddr_in *addr;
321 	struct sockaddr_in *dst;	/* what are we looking for */
322 	struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
323 	struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
324 	struct ether_addr *ea;
325 	char *host = argv[0], *eaddr = argv[1];
326 	struct sockaddr_dl sdl_m;
327 
328 	argc -= 2;
329 	argv += 2;
330 
331 	bzero(&sdl_m, sizeof(sdl_m));
332 	sdl_m.sdl_len = sizeof(sdl_m);
333 	sdl_m.sdl_family = AF_LINK;
334 
335 	dst = getaddr(host);
336 	if (dst == NULL)
337 		return (1);
338 	doing_proxy = flags = expire_time = 0;
339 	while (argc-- > 0) {
340 		if (strcmp(argv[0], "temp") == 0) {
341 			struct timespec tp;
342 			int max_age;
343 			size_t len = sizeof(max_age);
344 
345 			clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tp);
346 			if (sysctlbyname("net.link.ether.inet.max_age",
347 			    &max_age, &len, NULL, 0) != 0)
348 				xo_err(1, "sysctlbyname");
349 			expire_time = tp.tv_sec + max_age;
350 		} else if (strcmp(argv[0], "pub") == 0) {
351 			flags |= RTF_ANNOUNCE;
352 			doing_proxy = 1;
353 			if (argc && strcmp(argv[1], "only") == 0) {
354 				/*
355 				 * Compatibility: in pre FreeBSD 8 times
356 				 * the "only" keyword used to mean that
357 				 * an ARP entry should be announced, but
358 				 * not installed into routing table.
359 				 */
360 				argc--; argv++;
361 			}
362 		} else if (strcmp(argv[0], "blackhole") == 0) {
363 			if (flags & RTF_REJECT) {
364 				xo_errx(1, "Choose one of blackhole or reject, "
365 				    "not both.");
366 			}
367 			flags |= RTF_BLACKHOLE;
368 		} else if (strcmp(argv[0], "reject") == 0) {
369 			if (flags & RTF_BLACKHOLE) {
370 				xo_errx(1, "Choose one of blackhole or reject, "
371 				    "not both.");
372 			}
373 			flags |= RTF_REJECT;
374 		} else {
375 			xo_warnx("Invalid parameter '%s'", argv[0]);
376 			usage();
377 		}
378 		argv++;
379 	}
380 	ea = (struct ether_addr *)LLADDR(&sdl_m);
381 	if (doing_proxy && !strcmp(eaddr, "auto")) {
382 		if (!get_ether_addr(dst->sin_addr.s_addr, ea)) {
383 			xo_warnx("no interface found for %s",
384 			       inet_ntoa(dst->sin_addr));
385 			return (1);
386 		}
387 		sdl_m.sdl_alen = ETHER_ADDR_LEN;
388 	} else {
389 		struct ether_addr *ea1 = ether_aton(eaddr);
390 
391 		if (ea1 == NULL) {
392 			xo_warnx("invalid Ethernet address '%s'", eaddr);
393 			return (1);
394 		} else {
395 			*ea = *ea1;
396 			sdl_m.sdl_alen = ETHER_ADDR_LEN;
397 		}
398 	}
399 
400 	/*
401 	 * In the case a proxy-arp entry is being added for
402 	 * a remote end point, the RTF_ANNOUNCE flag in the
403 	 * RTM_GET command is an indication to the kernel
404 	 * routing code that the interface associated with
405 	 * the prefix route covering the local end of the
406 	 * PPP link should be returned, on which ARP applies.
407 	 */
408 	rtm = rtmsg(RTM_GET, dst, NULL);
409 	if (rtm == NULL) {
410 		xo_warn("%s", host);
411 		return (1);
412 	}
413 	addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)(rtm + 1);
414 	sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(SA_SIZE(addr) + (char *)addr);
415 
416 	if ((sdl->sdl_family != AF_LINK) ||
417 	    (rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_GATEWAY) ||
418 	    !valid_type(sdl->sdl_type)) {
419 		xo_warnx("cannot intuit interface index and type for %s", host);
420 		return (1);
421 	}
422 	sdl_m.sdl_type = sdl->sdl_type;
423 	sdl_m.sdl_index = sdl->sdl_index;
424 	return (rtmsg(RTM_ADD, dst, &sdl_m) == NULL);
425 }
426 
427 /*
428  * Display an individual arp entry
429  */
430 static int
431 get(char *host)
432 {
433 	struct sockaddr_in *addr;
434 	int found;
435 
436 	addr = getaddr(host);
437 	if (addr == NULL)
438 		return (1);
439 
440 	xo_set_version(ARP_XO_VERSION);
441 	xo_open_container("arp");
442 	xo_open_list("arp-cache");
443 
444 	found = search(addr->sin_addr.s_addr, print_entry);
445 
446 	if (found == 0) {
447 		xo_emit("{d:hostname/%s} ({d:ip-address/%s}) -- no entry",
448 		    host, inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr));
449 		if (rifname)
450 			xo_emit(" on {d:interface/%s}", rifname);
451 		xo_emit("\n");
452 	}
453 
454 	xo_close_list("arp-cache");
455 	xo_close_container("arp");
456 	xo_finish();
457 
458 	return (found == 0);
459 }
460 
461 /*
462  * Delete an arp entry
463  */
464 static int
465 delete(char *host)
466 {
467 	struct sockaddr_in *addr, *dst;
468 	struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
469 	struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
470 
471 	dst = getaddr(host);
472 	if (dst == NULL)
473 		return (1);
474 
475 	/*
476 	 * Perform a regular entry delete first.
477 	 */
478 	flags &= ~RTF_ANNOUNCE;
479 
480 	for (;;) {	/* try twice */
481 		rtm = rtmsg(RTM_GET, dst, NULL);
482 		if (rtm == NULL) {
483 			xo_warn("%s", host);
484 			return (1);
485 		}
486 		addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)(rtm + 1);
487 		sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(SA_SIZE(addr) + (char *)addr);
488 
489 		/*
490 		 * With the new L2/L3 restructure, the route
491 		 * returned is a prefix route. The important
492 		 * piece of information from the previous
493 		 * RTM_GET is the interface index. In the
494 		 * case of ECMP, the kernel will traverse
495 		 * the route group for the given entry.
496 		 */
497 		if (sdl->sdl_family == AF_LINK &&
498 		    !(rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_GATEWAY) &&
499 		    valid_type(sdl->sdl_type) ) {
500 			addr->sin_addr.s_addr = dst->sin_addr.s_addr;
501 			break;
502 		}
503 
504 		/*
505 		 * Regular entry delete failed, now check if there
506 		 * is a proxy-arp entry to remove.
507 		 */
508 		if (flags & RTF_ANNOUNCE) {
509 			xo_warnx("delete: cannot locate %s", host);
510 			return (1);
511 		}
512 
513 		flags |= RTF_ANNOUNCE;
514 	}
515 	rtm->rtm_flags |= RTF_LLDATA;
516 	if (rtmsg(RTM_DELETE, dst, NULL) != NULL) {
517 		printf("%s (%s) deleted\n", host, inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr));
518 		return (0);
519 	}
520 	return (1);
521 }
522 
523 
524 /*
525  * Search the arp table and do some action on matching entries
526  */
527 static int
528 search(u_long addr, action_fn *action)
529 {
530 	int mib[6];
531 	size_t needed;
532 	char *lim, *buf, *next;
533 	struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
534 	struct sockaddr_in *sin2;
535 	struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
536 	char ifname[IF_NAMESIZE];
537 	int st, found_entry = 0;
538 
539 	mib[0] = CTL_NET;
540 	mib[1] = PF_ROUTE;
541 	mib[2] = 0;
542 	mib[3] = AF_INET;
543 	mib[4] = NET_RT_FLAGS;
544 #ifdef RTF_LLINFO
545 	mib[5] = RTF_LLINFO;
546 #else
547 	mib[5] = 0;
548 #endif
549 	if (sysctl(mib, 6, NULL, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0)
550 		xo_err(1, "route-sysctl-estimate");
551 	if (needed == 0)	/* empty table */
552 		return 0;
553 	buf = NULL;
554 	for (;;) {
555 		buf = reallocf(buf, needed);
556 		if (buf == NULL)
557 			xo_errx(1, "could not reallocate memory");
558 		st = sysctl(mib, 6, buf, &needed, NULL, 0);
559 		if (st == 0 || errno != ENOMEM)
560 			break;
561 		needed += needed / 8;
562 	}
563 	if (st == -1)
564 		xo_err(1, "actual retrieval of routing table");
565 	lim = buf + needed;
566 	for (next = buf; next < lim; next += rtm->rtm_msglen) {
567 		rtm = (struct rt_msghdr *)next;
568 		sin2 = (struct sockaddr_in *)(rtm + 1);
569 		sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)((char *)sin2 + SA_SIZE(sin2));
570 		if (rifname && if_indextoname(sdl->sdl_index, ifname) &&
571 		    strcmp(ifname, rifname))
572 			continue;
573 		if (addr) {
574 			if (addr != sin2->sin_addr.s_addr)
575 				continue;
576 			found_entry = 1;
577 		}
578 		(*action)(sdl, sin2, rtm);
579 	}
580 	free(buf);
581 	return (found_entry);
582 }
583 
584 /*
585  * Display an arp entry
586  */
587 
588 static void
589 print_entry(struct sockaddr_dl *sdl,
590 	struct sockaddr_in *addr, struct rt_msghdr *rtm)
591 {
592 	const char *host;
593 	struct hostent *hp;
594 	struct if_nameindex *p;
595 
596 	if (ifnameindex == NULL)
597 		if ((ifnameindex = if_nameindex()) == NULL)
598 			xo_err(1, "cannot retrieve interface names");
599 
600 	xo_open_instance("arp-cache");
601 
602 	if (nflag == 0)
603 		hp = gethostbyaddr((caddr_t)&(addr->sin_addr),
604 		    sizeof addr->sin_addr, AF_INET);
605 	else
606 		hp = 0;
607 	if (hp)
608 		host = hp->h_name;
609 	else {
610 		host = "?";
611 		if (h_errno == TRY_AGAIN)
612 			nflag = 1;
613 	}
614 	xo_emit("{:hostname/%s} ({:ip-address/%s}) at ", host,
615 	    inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr));
616 	if (sdl->sdl_alen) {
617 		if ((sdl->sdl_type == IFT_ETHER ||
618 		    sdl->sdl_type == IFT_L2VLAN ||
619 		    sdl->sdl_type == IFT_BRIDGE) &&
620 		    sdl->sdl_alen == ETHER_ADDR_LEN)
621 			xo_emit("{:mac-address/%s}",
622 			    ether_ntoa((struct ether_addr *)LLADDR(sdl)));
623 		else {
624 			int n = sdl->sdl_nlen > 0 ? sdl->sdl_nlen + 1 : 0;
625 
626 			xo_emit("{:mac-address/%s}", link_ntoa(sdl) + n);
627 		}
628 	} else
629 		xo_emit("{d:/(incomplete)}{en:incomplete/true}");
630 
631 	for (p = ifnameindex; p && p->if_index && p->if_name; p++) {
632 		if (p->if_index == sdl->sdl_index) {
633 			xo_emit(" on {:interface/%s}", p->if_name);
634 			break;
635 		}
636 	}
637 
638 	if (rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_expire == 0)
639 		xo_emit("{d:/ permanent}{en:permanent/true}");
640 	else {
641 		static struct timespec tp;
642 		if (tp.tv_sec == 0)
643 			clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tp);
644 		if ((expire_time = rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_expire - tp.tv_sec) > 0)
645 			xo_emit(" expires in {:expires/%d} seconds",
646 			    (int)expire_time);
647 		else
648 			xo_emit("{d:/ expired}{en:expired/true}");
649 	}
650 
651 	if (rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_ANNOUNCE)
652 		xo_emit("{d:/ published}{en:published/true}");
653 
654 	switch(sdl->sdl_type) {
655 	case IFT_ETHER:
656 		xo_emit(" [{:type/ethernet}]");
657 		break;
658 	case IFT_FDDI:
659 		xo_emit(" [{:type/fddi}]");
660 		break;
661 	case IFT_ATM:
662 		xo_emit(" [{:type/atm}]");
663 		break;
664 	case IFT_L2VLAN:
665 		xo_emit(" [{:type/vlan}]");
666 		break;
667 	case IFT_IEEE1394:
668 		xo_emit(" [{:type/firewire}]");
669 		break;
670 	case IFT_BRIDGE:
671 		xo_emit(" [{:type/bridge}]");
672 		break;
673 	case IFT_INFINIBAND:
674 		xo_emit(" [{:type/infiniband}]");
675 		break;
676 	default:
677 		break;
678 	}
679 
680 	xo_emit("\n");
681 
682 	xo_close_instance("arp-cache");
683 }
684 
685 /*
686  * Nuke an arp entry
687  */
688 static void
689 nuke_entry(struct sockaddr_dl *sdl __unused,
690 	struct sockaddr_in *addr, struct rt_msghdr *rtm)
691 {
692 	char ip[20];
693 
694 	if (rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_PINNED)
695 		return;
696 
697 	snprintf(ip, sizeof(ip), "%s", inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr));
698 	delete(ip);
699 }
700 
701 static void
702 usage(void)
703 {
704 	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
705 	    "usage: arp [-n] [-i interface] hostname",
706 	    "       arp [-n] [-i interface] -a",
707 	    "       arp -d hostname [pub]",
708 	    "       arp -d [-i interface] -a",
709 	    "       arp -s hostname ether_addr [temp] [reject | blackhole] [pub [only]]",
710 	    "       arp -S hostname ether_addr [temp] [reject | blackhole] [pub [only]]",
711 	    "       arp -f filename");
712 	exit(1);
713 }
714 
715 static struct rt_msghdr *
716 rtmsg(int cmd, struct sockaddr_in *dst, struct sockaddr_dl *sdl)
717 {
718 	static int seq;
719 	int rlen;
720 	int l;
721 	static int s = -1;
722 	static pid_t pid;
723 
724 	static struct	{
725 		struct	rt_msghdr m_rtm;
726 		char	m_space[512];
727 	}	m_rtmsg;
728 
729 	struct rt_msghdr *rtm = &m_rtmsg.m_rtm;
730 	char *cp = m_rtmsg.m_space;
731 
732 	if (s < 0) {	/* first time: open socket, get pid */
733 		s = socket(PF_ROUTE, SOCK_RAW, 0);
734 		if (s < 0)
735 			xo_err(1, "socket");
736 		pid = getpid();
737 	}
738 
739 	errno = 0;
740 	/*
741 	 * XXX RTM_DELETE relies on a previous RTM_GET to fill the buffer
742 	 * appropriately.
743 	 */
744 	if (cmd == RTM_DELETE)
745 		goto doit;
746 	bzero((char *)&m_rtmsg, sizeof(m_rtmsg));
747 	rtm->rtm_flags = flags;
748 	rtm->rtm_version = RTM_VERSION;
749 
750 	switch (cmd) {
751 	default:
752 		xo_errx(1, "internal wrong cmd");
753 	case RTM_ADD:
754 		rtm->rtm_addrs |= RTA_GATEWAY;
755 		rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_expire = expire_time;
756 		rtm->rtm_inits = RTV_EXPIRE;
757 		rtm->rtm_flags |= (RTF_HOST | RTF_STATIC | RTF_LLDATA);
758 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
759 	case RTM_GET:
760 		rtm->rtm_addrs |= RTA_DST;
761 	}
762 #define NEXTADDR(w, s)						\
763 	do {							\
764 		if ((s) != NULL && rtm->rtm_addrs & (w)) {	\
765 			bcopy((s), cp, sizeof(*(s)));		\
766 			cp += SA_SIZE(s);			\
767 		}						\
768 	} while (0)
769 
770 	NEXTADDR(RTA_DST, dst);
771 	NEXTADDR(RTA_GATEWAY, sdl);
772 
773 	rtm->rtm_msglen = cp - (char *)&m_rtmsg;
774 doit:
775 	l = rtm->rtm_msglen;
776 	rtm->rtm_seq = ++seq;
777 	rtm->rtm_type = cmd;
778 	if ((rlen = write(s, (char *)&m_rtmsg, l)) < 0) {
779 		if (errno != ESRCH || cmd != RTM_DELETE) {
780 			xo_warn("writing to routing socket");
781 			return (NULL);
782 		}
783 	}
784 	do {
785 		l = read(s, (char *)&m_rtmsg, sizeof(m_rtmsg));
786 	} while (l > 0 && (rtm->rtm_type != cmd || rtm->rtm_seq != seq ||
787 	    rtm->rtm_pid != pid));
788 	if (l < 0)
789 		xo_warn("read from routing socket");
790 	return (rtm);
791 }
792 
793 /*
794  * get_ether_addr - get the hardware address of an interface on the
795  * the same subnet as ipaddr.
796  */
797 #define MAX_IFS		32
798 
799 static int
800 get_ether_addr(in_addr_t ipaddr, struct ether_addr *hwaddr)
801 {
802 	struct ifreq *ifr, *ifend, *ifp;
803 	in_addr_t ina, mask;
804 	struct sockaddr_dl *dla;
805 	struct ifreq ifreq;
806 	struct ifconf ifc;
807 	struct ifreq ifs[MAX_IFS];
808 	int sock;
809 	int retval = 0;
810 
811 	sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
812 	if (sock < 0)
813 		xo_err(1, "socket");
814 
815 	ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(ifs);
816 	ifc.ifc_req = ifs;
817 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFCONF, &ifc) < 0) {
818 		xo_warnx("ioctl(SIOCGIFCONF)");
819 		goto done;
820 	}
821 
822 #define NEXTIFR(i)						\
823 	((struct ifreq *)((char *)&(i)->ifr_addr		\
824 	+ MAX((i)->ifr_addr.sa_len, sizeof((i)->ifr_addr))) )
825 
826 	/*
827 	 * Scan through looking for an interface with an Internet
828 	 * address on the same subnet as `ipaddr'.
829 	 */
830 	ifend = (struct ifreq *)(ifc.ifc_buf + ifc.ifc_len);
831 	for (ifr = ifc.ifc_req; ifr < ifend; ifr = NEXTIFR(ifr) ) {
832 		if (ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family != AF_INET)
833 			continue;
834 		strncpy(ifreq.ifr_name, ifr->ifr_name,
835 			sizeof(ifreq.ifr_name));
836 		ifreq.ifr_addr = ifr->ifr_addr;
837 		/*
838 		 * Check that the interface is up,
839 		 * and not point-to-point or loopback.
840 		 */
841 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifreq) < 0)
842 			continue;
843 		if ((ifreq.ifr_flags &
844 		    (IFF_UP|IFF_BROADCAST|IFF_POINTOPOINT|
845 		    IFF_LOOPBACK|IFF_NOARP)) != (IFF_UP|IFF_BROADCAST))
846 			continue;
847 		/* Get its netmask and check that it's on the right subnet. */
848 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFNETMASK, &ifreq) < 0)
849 			continue;
850 		mask = ((struct sockaddr_in *)
851 			&ifreq.ifr_addr)->sin_addr.s_addr;
852 		ina = ((struct sockaddr_in *)
853 			&ifr->ifr_addr)->sin_addr.s_addr;
854 		if ((ipaddr & mask) == (ina & mask))
855 			break; /* ok, we got it! */
856 	}
857 
858 	if (ifr >= ifend)
859 		goto done;
860 
861 	/*
862 	 * Now scan through again looking for a link-level address
863 	 * for this interface.
864 	 */
865 	ifp = ifr;
866 	for (ifr = ifc.ifc_req; ifr < ifend; ifr = NEXTIFR(ifr))
867 		if (strcmp(ifp->ifr_name, ifr->ifr_name) == 0 &&
868 		    ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family == AF_LINK)
869 			break;
870 	if (ifr >= ifend)
871 		goto done;
872 	/*
873 	 * Found the link-level address - copy it out
874 	 */
875 	dla = (struct sockaddr_dl *) &ifr->ifr_addr;
876 	memcpy(hwaddr,  LLADDR(dla), dla->sdl_alen);
877 	printf("using interface %s for proxy with address %s\n", ifp->ifr_name,
878 	    ether_ntoa(hwaddr));
879 	retval = dla->sdl_alen;
880 done:
881 	close(sock);
882 	return (retval);
883 }
884