xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/xinstall/xinstall.c (revision 1db64f89363c97858961c4df0b7d02f3223723cf)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2013 SRI International
5  * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993
6  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18  *    without specific prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/mman.h>
35 #include <sys/mount.h>
36 #include <sys/stat.h>
37 #include <sys/time.h>
38 #include <sys/wait.h>
39 
40 #include <err.h>
41 #include <errno.h>
42 #include <fcntl.h>
43 #include <grp.h>
44 #include <libgen.h>
45 #ifdef WITH_MD5
46 #include <md5.h>
47 #endif
48 #include <paths.h>
49 #include <pwd.h>
50 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
51 #include <ripemd.h>
52 #endif
53 #include <sha.h>
54 #include <sha256.h>
55 #include <sha512.h>
56 #include <spawn.h>
57 #include <stdint.h>
58 #include <stdio.h>
59 #include <stdlib.h>
60 #include <string.h>
61 #include <sysexits.h>
62 #include <unistd.h>
63 #include <vis.h>
64 
65 #include "mtree.h"
66 
67 /*
68  * Memory strategy threshold, in pages: if physmem is larger then this, use a
69  * large buffer.
70  */
71 #define PHYSPAGES_THRESHOLD (32*1024)
72 
73 /* Maximum buffer size in bytes - do not allow it to grow larger than this. */
74 #define BUFSIZE_MAX (2*1024*1024)
75 
76 /*
77  * Small (default) buffer size in bytes. It's inefficient for this to be
78  * smaller than MAXPHYS.
79  */
80 #define BUFSIZE_SMALL (MAXPHYS)
81 
82 /*
83  * We need to build xinstall during the bootstrap stage when building on a
84  * non-FreeBSD system. Linux does not have the st_flags and st_birthtime
85  * members in struct stat so we need to omit support for changing those fields.
86  */
87 #ifdef UF_SETTABLE
88 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 1
89 #else
90 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 0
91 #endif
92 
93 #define MAX_CMP_SIZE	(16 * 1024 * 1024)
94 
95 #define	LN_ABSOLUTE	0x01
96 #define	LN_RELATIVE	0x02
97 #define	LN_HARD		0x04
98 #define	LN_SYMBOLIC	0x08
99 #define	LN_MIXED	0x10
100 
101 #define	DIRECTORY	0x01		/* Tell install it's a directory. */
102 #define	SETFLAGS	0x02		/* Tell install to set flags. */
103 #define	NOCHANGEBITS	(UF_IMMUTABLE | UF_APPEND | SF_IMMUTABLE | SF_APPEND)
104 #define	BACKUP_SUFFIX	".old"
105 
106 typedef union {
107 #ifdef WITH_MD5
108 	MD5_CTX		MD5;
109 #endif
110 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
111 	RIPEMD160_CTX	RIPEMD160;
112 #endif
113 	SHA1_CTX	SHA1;
114 	SHA256_CTX	SHA256;
115 	SHA512_CTX	SHA512;
116 }	DIGEST_CTX;
117 
118 static enum {
119 	DIGEST_NONE = 0,
120 #ifdef WITH_MD5
121 	DIGEST_MD5,
122 #endif
123 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
124 	DIGEST_RIPEMD160,
125 #endif
126 	DIGEST_SHA1,
127 	DIGEST_SHA256,
128 	DIGEST_SHA512,
129 } digesttype = DIGEST_NONE;
130 
131 extern char **environ;
132 
133 static gid_t gid;
134 static uid_t uid;
135 static int dobackup, docompare, dodir, dolink, dopreserve, dostrip, dounpriv,
136     safecopy, verbose;
137 static int haveopt_f, haveopt_g, haveopt_m, haveopt_o;
138 static mode_t mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH;
139 static FILE *metafp;
140 static const char *group, *owner;
141 static const char *suffix = BACKUP_SUFFIX;
142 static char *destdir, *digest, *fflags, *metafile, *tags;
143 
144 static int	compare(int, const char *, size_t, int, const char *, size_t,
145 		    char **);
146 static char	*copy(int, const char *, int, const char *, off_t);
147 static int	create_newfile(const char *, int, struct stat *);
148 static int	create_tempfile(const char *, char *, size_t);
149 static char	*quiet_mktemp(char *template);
150 static char	*digest_file(const char *);
151 static void	digest_init(DIGEST_CTX *);
152 static void	digest_update(DIGEST_CTX *, const char *, size_t);
153 static char	*digest_end(DIGEST_CTX *, char *);
154 static int	do_link(const char *, const char *, const struct stat *);
155 static void	do_symlink(const char *, const char *, const struct stat *);
156 static void	makelink(const char *, const char *, const struct stat *);
157 static void	install(const char *, const char *, u_long, u_int);
158 static void	install_dir(char *);
159 static void	metadata_log(const char *, const char *, struct timespec *,
160 		    const char *, const char *, off_t);
161 static int	parseid(const char *, id_t *);
162 static int	strip(const char *, int, const char *, char **);
163 static int	trymmap(size_t);
164 static void	usage(void);
165 
166 int
167 main(int argc, char *argv[])
168 {
169 	struct stat from_sb, to_sb;
170 	mode_t *set;
171 	u_long fset;
172 	int ch, no_target;
173 	u_int iflags;
174 	char *p;
175 	const char *to_name;
176 
177 	fset = 0;
178 	iflags = 0;
179 	set = NULL;
180 	group = owner = NULL;
181 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "B:bCcD:df:g:h:l:M:m:N:o:pSsT:Uv")) !=
182 	     -1)
183 		switch((char)ch) {
184 		case 'B':
185 			suffix = optarg;
186 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
187 		case 'b':
188 			dobackup = 1;
189 			break;
190 		case 'C':
191 			docompare = 1;
192 			break;
193 		case 'c':
194 			/* For backwards compatibility. */
195 			break;
196 		case 'D':
197 			destdir = optarg;
198 			break;
199 		case 'd':
200 			dodir = 1;
201 			break;
202 		case 'f':
203 			haveopt_f = 1;
204 			fflags = optarg;
205 			break;
206 		case 'g':
207 			haveopt_g = 1;
208 			group = optarg;
209 			break;
210 		case 'h':
211 			digest = optarg;
212 			break;
213 		case 'l':
214 			for (p = optarg; *p != '\0'; p++)
215 				switch (*p) {
216 				case 's':
217 					dolink &= ~(LN_HARD|LN_MIXED);
218 					dolink |= LN_SYMBOLIC;
219 					break;
220 				case 'h':
221 					dolink &= ~(LN_SYMBOLIC|LN_MIXED);
222 					dolink |= LN_HARD;
223 					break;
224 				case 'm':
225 					dolink &= ~(LN_SYMBOLIC|LN_HARD);
226 					dolink |= LN_MIXED;
227 					break;
228 				case 'a':
229 					dolink &= ~LN_RELATIVE;
230 					dolink |= LN_ABSOLUTE;
231 					break;
232 				case 'r':
233 					dolink &= ~LN_ABSOLUTE;
234 					dolink |= LN_RELATIVE;
235 					break;
236 				default:
237 					errx(1, "%c: invalid link type", *p);
238 					/* NOTREACHED */
239 				}
240 			break;
241 		case 'M':
242 			metafile = optarg;
243 			break;
244 		case 'm':
245 			haveopt_m = 1;
246 			free(set);
247 			if (!(set = setmode(optarg)))
248 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid file mode: %s",
249 				     optarg);
250 			break;
251 		case 'N':
252 			if (!setup_getid(optarg))
253 				err(EX_OSERR, "Unable to use user and group "
254 				    "databases in `%s'", optarg);
255 			break;
256 		case 'o':
257 			haveopt_o = 1;
258 			owner = optarg;
259 			break;
260 		case 'p':
261 			docompare = dopreserve = 1;
262 			break;
263 		case 'S':
264 			safecopy = 1;
265 			break;
266 		case 's':
267 			dostrip = 1;
268 			break;
269 		case 'T':
270 			tags = optarg;
271 			break;
272 		case 'U':
273 			dounpriv = 1;
274 			break;
275 		case 'v':
276 			verbose = 1;
277 			break;
278 		case '?':
279 		default:
280 			usage();
281 		}
282 	argc -= optind;
283 	argv += optind;
284 
285 	/* some options make no sense when creating directories */
286 	if (dostrip && dodir) {
287 		warnx("-d and -s may not be specified together");
288 		usage();
289 	}
290 
291 	/*
292 	 * Default permissions based on whether we're a directory or not, since
293 	 * an +X may mean that we need to set the execute bit.
294 	 */
295 	if (set != NULL)
296 		mode = getmode(set, dodir ? S_IFDIR : 0) & ~S_IFDIR;
297 	free(set);
298 
299 	if (getenv("DONTSTRIP") != NULL) {
300 		warnx("DONTSTRIP set - will not strip installed binaries");
301 		dostrip = 0;
302 	}
303 
304 	/* must have at least two arguments, except when creating directories */
305 	if (argc == 0 || (argc == 1 && !dodir))
306 		usage();
307 
308 	if (digest != NULL) {
309 		if (strcmp(digest, "none") == 0) {
310 			digesttype = DIGEST_NONE;
311 #ifdef WITH_MD5
312 		} else if (strcmp(digest, "md5") == 0) {
313 		       digesttype = DIGEST_MD5;
314 #endif
315 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
316 		} else if (strcmp(digest, "rmd160") == 0) {
317 			digesttype = DIGEST_RIPEMD160;
318 #endif
319 		} else if (strcmp(digest, "sha1") == 0) {
320 			digesttype = DIGEST_SHA1;
321 		} else if (strcmp(digest, "sha256") == 0) {
322 			digesttype = DIGEST_SHA256;
323 		} else if (strcmp(digest, "sha512") == 0) {
324 			digesttype = DIGEST_SHA512;
325 		} else {
326 			warnx("unknown digest `%s'", digest);
327 			usage();
328 		}
329 	}
330 
331 	/* need to make a temp copy so we can compare stripped version */
332 	if (docompare && dostrip)
333 		safecopy = 1;
334 
335 	/* get group and owner id's */
336 	if (group != NULL && !dounpriv) {
337 		if (gid_from_group(group, &gid) == -1) {
338 			id_t id;
339 			if (!parseid(group, &id))
340 				errx(1, "unknown group %s", group);
341 			gid = id;
342 		}
343 	} else
344 		gid = (gid_t)-1;
345 
346 	if (owner != NULL && !dounpriv) {
347 		if (uid_from_user(owner, &uid) == -1) {
348 			id_t id;
349 			if (!parseid(owner, &id))
350 				errx(1, "unknown user %s", owner);
351 			uid = id;
352 		}
353 	} else
354 		uid = (uid_t)-1;
355 
356 	if (fflags != NULL && !dounpriv) {
357 		if (strtofflags(&fflags, &fset, NULL))
358 			errx(EX_USAGE, "%s: invalid flag", fflags);
359 		iflags |= SETFLAGS;
360 	}
361 
362 	if (metafile != NULL) {
363 		if ((metafp = fopen(metafile, "a")) == NULL)
364 			warn("open %s", metafile);
365 	} else
366 		digesttype = DIGEST_NONE;
367 
368 	if (dodir) {
369 		for (; *argv != NULL; ++argv)
370 			install_dir(*argv);
371 		exit(EX_OK);
372 		/* NOTREACHED */
373 	}
374 
375 	to_name = argv[argc - 1];
376 	no_target = stat(to_name, &to_sb);
377 	if (!no_target && S_ISDIR(to_sb.st_mode)) {
378 		if (dolink & LN_SYMBOLIC) {
379 			if (lstat(to_name, &to_sb) != 0)
380 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s vanished", to_name);
381 			if (S_ISLNK(to_sb.st_mode)) {
382 				if (argc != 2) {
383 					errno = ENOTDIR;
384 					err(EX_USAGE, "%s", to_name);
385 				}
386 				install(*argv, to_name, fset, iflags);
387 				exit(EX_OK);
388 			}
389 		}
390 		for (; *argv != to_name; ++argv)
391 			install(*argv, to_name, fset, iflags | DIRECTORY);
392 		exit(EX_OK);
393 		/* NOTREACHED */
394 	}
395 
396 	/* can't do file1 file2 directory/file */
397 	if (argc != 2) {
398 		if (no_target)
399 			warnx("target directory `%s' does not exist",
400 			    argv[argc - 1]);
401 		else
402 			warnx("target `%s' is not a directory",
403 			    argv[argc - 1]);
404 		usage();
405 	}
406 
407 	if (!no_target && !dolink) {
408 		if (stat(*argv, &from_sb))
409 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", *argv);
410 		if (!S_ISREG(to_sb.st_mode)) {
411 			errno = EFTYPE;
412 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
413 		}
414 		if (to_sb.st_dev == from_sb.st_dev &&
415 		    to_sb.st_ino == from_sb.st_ino)
416 			errx(EX_USAGE,
417 			    "%s and %s are the same file", *argv, to_name);
418 	}
419 	install(*argv, to_name, fset, iflags);
420 	exit(EX_OK);
421 	/* NOTREACHED */
422 }
423 
424 static char *
425 digest_file(const char *name)
426 {
427 
428 	switch (digesttype) {
429 #ifdef WITH_MD5
430 	case DIGEST_MD5:
431 		return (MD5File(name, NULL));
432 #endif
433 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
434 	case DIGEST_RIPEMD160:
435 		return (RIPEMD160_File(name, NULL));
436 #endif
437 	case DIGEST_SHA1:
438 		return (SHA1_File(name, NULL));
439 	case DIGEST_SHA256:
440 		return (SHA256_File(name, NULL));
441 	case DIGEST_SHA512:
442 		return (SHA512_File(name, NULL));
443 	default:
444 		return (NULL);
445 	}
446 }
447 
448 static void
449 digest_init(DIGEST_CTX *c)
450 {
451 
452 	switch (digesttype) {
453 	case DIGEST_NONE:
454 		break;
455 #ifdef WITH_MD5
456 	case DIGEST_MD5:
457 		MD5Init(&(c->MD5));
458 		break;
459 #endif
460 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
461 	case DIGEST_RIPEMD160:
462 		RIPEMD160_Init(&(c->RIPEMD160));
463 		break;
464 #endif
465 	case DIGEST_SHA1:
466 		SHA1_Init(&(c->SHA1));
467 		break;
468 	case DIGEST_SHA256:
469 		SHA256_Init(&(c->SHA256));
470 		break;
471 	case DIGEST_SHA512:
472 		SHA512_Init(&(c->SHA512));
473 		break;
474 	}
475 }
476 
477 static void
478 digest_update(DIGEST_CTX *c, const char *data, size_t len)
479 {
480 
481 	switch (digesttype) {
482 	case DIGEST_NONE:
483 		break;
484 #ifdef WITH_MD5
485 	case DIGEST_MD5:
486 		MD5Update(&(c->MD5), data, len);
487 		break;
488 #endif
489 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
490 	case DIGEST_RIPEMD160:
491 		RIPEMD160_Update(&(c->RIPEMD160), data, len);
492 		break;
493 #endif
494 	case DIGEST_SHA1:
495 		SHA1_Update(&(c->SHA1), data, len);
496 		break;
497 	case DIGEST_SHA256:
498 		SHA256_Update(&(c->SHA256), data, len);
499 		break;
500 	case DIGEST_SHA512:
501 		SHA512_Update(&(c->SHA512), data, len);
502 		break;
503 	}
504 }
505 
506 static char *
507 digest_end(DIGEST_CTX *c, char *buf)
508 {
509 
510 	switch (digesttype) {
511 #ifdef WITH_MD5
512 	case DIGEST_MD5:
513 		return (MD5End(&(c->MD5), buf));
514 #endif
515 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
516 	case DIGEST_RIPEMD160:
517 		return (RIPEMD160_End(&(c->RIPEMD160), buf));
518 #endif
519 	case DIGEST_SHA1:
520 		return (SHA1_End(&(c->SHA1), buf));
521 	case DIGEST_SHA256:
522 		return (SHA256_End(&(c->SHA256), buf));
523 	case DIGEST_SHA512:
524 		return (SHA512_End(&(c->SHA512), buf));
525 	default:
526 		return (NULL);
527 	}
528 }
529 
530 /*
531  * parseid --
532  *	parse uid or gid from arg into id, returning non-zero if successful
533  */
534 static int
535 parseid(const char *name, id_t *id)
536 {
537 	char	*ep;
538 	errno = 0;
539 	*id = (id_t)strtoul(name, &ep, 10);
540 	if (errno || *ep != '\0')
541 		return (0);
542 	return (1);
543 }
544 
545 /*
546  * quiet_mktemp --
547  *	mktemp implementation used mkstemp to avoid mktemp warnings.  We
548  *	really do need mktemp semantics here as we will be creating a link.
549  */
550 static char *
551 quiet_mktemp(char *template)
552 {
553 	int fd;
554 
555 	if ((fd = mkstemp(template)) == -1)
556 		return (NULL);
557 	close (fd);
558 	if (unlink(template) == -1)
559 		err(EX_OSERR, "unlink %s", template);
560 	return (template);
561 }
562 
563 /*
564  * do_link --
565  *	make a hard link, obeying dorename if set
566  *	return -1 on failure
567  */
568 static int
569 do_link(const char *from_name, const char *to_name,
570     const struct stat *target_sb)
571 {
572 	char tmpl[MAXPATHLEN];
573 	int ret;
574 
575 	if (safecopy && target_sb != NULL) {
576 		(void)snprintf(tmpl, sizeof(tmpl), "%s.inst.XXXXXX", to_name);
577 		/* This usage is safe. */
578 		if (quiet_mktemp(tmpl) == NULL)
579 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: mktemp", tmpl);
580 		ret = link(from_name, tmpl);
581 		if (ret == 0) {
582 			if (target_sb->st_mode & S_IFDIR && rmdir(to_name) ==
583 			    -1) {
584 				unlink(tmpl);
585 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
586 			}
587 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
588 			if (target_sb->st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
589 				(void)chflags(to_name, target_sb->st_flags &
590 				     ~NOCHANGEBITS);
591 #endif
592 			if (verbose)
593 				printf("install: link %s -> %s\n",
594 				    from_name, to_name);
595 			ret = rename(tmpl, to_name);
596 			/*
597 			 * If rename has posix semantics, then the temporary
598 			 * file may still exist when from_name and to_name point
599 			 * to the same file, so unlink it unconditionally.
600 			 */
601 			(void)unlink(tmpl);
602 		}
603 		return (ret);
604 	} else {
605 		if (verbose)
606 			printf("install: link %s -> %s\n",
607 			    from_name, to_name);
608 		return (link(from_name, to_name));
609 	}
610 }
611 
612 /*
613  * do_symlink --
614  *	Make a symbolic link, obeying dorename if set. Exit on failure.
615  */
616 static void
617 do_symlink(const char *from_name, const char *to_name,
618     const struct stat *target_sb)
619 {
620 	char tmpl[MAXPATHLEN];
621 
622 	if (safecopy && target_sb != NULL) {
623 		(void)snprintf(tmpl, sizeof(tmpl), "%s.inst.XXXXXX", to_name);
624 		/* This usage is safe. */
625 		if (quiet_mktemp(tmpl) == NULL)
626 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: mktemp", tmpl);
627 
628 		if (symlink(from_name, tmpl) == -1)
629 			err(EX_OSERR, "symlink %s -> %s", from_name, tmpl);
630 
631 		if (target_sb->st_mode & S_IFDIR && rmdir(to_name) == -1) {
632 			(void)unlink(tmpl);
633 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
634 		}
635 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
636 		if (target_sb->st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
637 			(void)chflags(to_name, target_sb->st_flags &
638 			     ~NOCHANGEBITS);
639 #endif
640 		if (verbose)
641 			printf("install: symlink %s -> %s\n",
642 			    from_name, to_name);
643 		if (rename(tmpl, to_name) == -1) {
644 			/* Remove temporary link before exiting. */
645 			(void)unlink(tmpl);
646 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: rename", to_name);
647 		}
648 	} else {
649 		if (verbose)
650 			printf("install: symlink %s -> %s\n",
651 			    from_name, to_name);
652 		if (symlink(from_name, to_name) == -1)
653 			err(EX_OSERR, "symlink %s -> %s", from_name, to_name);
654 	}
655 }
656 
657 /*
658  * makelink --
659  *	make a link from source to destination
660  */
661 static void
662 makelink(const char *from_name, const char *to_name,
663     const struct stat *target_sb)
664 {
665 	char	src[MAXPATHLEN], dst[MAXPATHLEN], lnk[MAXPATHLEN];
666 	struct stat	to_sb;
667 
668 	/* Try hard links first. */
669 	if (dolink & (LN_HARD|LN_MIXED)) {
670 		if (do_link(from_name, to_name, target_sb) == -1) {
671 			if ((dolink & LN_HARD) || errno != EXDEV)
672 				err(EX_OSERR, "link %s -> %s", from_name, to_name);
673 		} else {
674 			if (stat(to_name, &to_sb))
675 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s: stat", to_name);
676 			if (S_ISREG(to_sb.st_mode)) {
677 				/*
678 				 * XXX: hard links to anything other than
679 				 * plain files are not metalogged
680 				 */
681 				int omode;
682 				const char *oowner, *ogroup;
683 				char *offlags;
684 				char *dres;
685 
686 				/*
687 				 * XXX: use underlying perms, unless
688 				 * overridden on command line.
689 				 */
690 				omode = mode;
691 				if (!haveopt_m)
692 					mode = (to_sb.st_mode & 0777);
693 				oowner = owner;
694 				if (!haveopt_o)
695 					owner = NULL;
696 				ogroup = group;
697 				if (!haveopt_g)
698 					group = NULL;
699 				offlags = fflags;
700 				if (!haveopt_f)
701 					fflags = NULL;
702 				dres = digest_file(from_name);
703 				metadata_log(to_name, "file", NULL, NULL,
704 				    dres, to_sb.st_size);
705 				free(dres);
706 				mode = omode;
707 				owner = oowner;
708 				group = ogroup;
709 				fflags = offlags;
710 			}
711 			return;
712 		}
713 	}
714 
715 	/* Symbolic links. */
716 	if (dolink & LN_ABSOLUTE) {
717 		/* Convert source path to absolute. */
718 		if (realpath(from_name, src) == NULL)
719 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: realpath", from_name);
720 		do_symlink(src, to_name, target_sb);
721 		/* XXX: src may point outside of destdir */
722 		metadata_log(to_name, "link", NULL, src, NULL, 0);
723 		return;
724 	}
725 
726 	if (dolink & LN_RELATIVE) {
727 		char *to_name_copy, *cp, *d, *ld, *ls, *s;
728 
729 		if (*from_name != '/') {
730 			/* this is already a relative link */
731 			do_symlink(from_name, to_name, target_sb);
732 			/* XXX: from_name may point outside of destdir. */
733 			metadata_log(to_name, "link", NULL, from_name, NULL, 0);
734 			return;
735 		}
736 
737 		/* Resolve pathnames. */
738 		if (realpath(from_name, src) == NULL)
739 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: realpath", from_name);
740 
741 		/*
742 		 * The last component of to_name may be a symlink,
743 		 * so use realpath to resolve only the directory.
744 		 */
745 		to_name_copy = strdup(to_name);
746 		if (to_name_copy == NULL)
747 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: strdup", to_name);
748 		cp = dirname(to_name_copy);
749 		if (realpath(cp, dst) == NULL)
750 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: realpath", cp);
751 		/* .. and add the last component. */
752 		if (strcmp(dst, "/") != 0) {
753 			if (strlcat(dst, "/", sizeof(dst)) > sizeof(dst))
754 				errx(1, "resolved pathname too long");
755 		}
756 		strcpy(to_name_copy, to_name);
757 		cp = basename(to_name_copy);
758 		if (strlcat(dst, cp, sizeof(dst)) > sizeof(dst))
759 			errx(1, "resolved pathname too long");
760 		free(to_name_copy);
761 
762 		/* Trim common path components. */
763 		ls = ld = NULL;
764 		for (s = src, d = dst; *s == *d; ls = s, ld = d, s++, d++)
765 			continue;
766 		/*
767 		 * If we didn't end after a directory separator, then we've
768 		 * falsely matched the last component.  For example, if one
769 		 * invoked install -lrs /lib/foo.so /libexec/ then the source
770 		 * would terminate just after the separator while the
771 		 * destination would terminate in the middle of 'libexec',
772 		 * leading to a full directory getting falsely eaten.
773 		 */
774 		if ((ls != NULL && *ls != '/') || (ld != NULL && *ld != '/'))
775 			s--, d--;
776 		while (*s != '/')
777 			s--, d--;
778 
779 		/* Count the number of directories we need to backtrack. */
780 		for (++d, lnk[0] = '\0'; *d; d++)
781 			if (*d == '/')
782 				(void)strlcat(lnk, "../", sizeof(lnk));
783 
784 		(void)strlcat(lnk, ++s, sizeof(lnk));
785 
786 		do_symlink(lnk, to_name, target_sb);
787 		/* XXX: Link may point outside of destdir. */
788 		metadata_log(to_name, "link", NULL, lnk, NULL, 0);
789 		return;
790 	}
791 
792 	/*
793 	 * If absolute or relative was not specified, try the names the
794 	 * user provided.
795 	 */
796 	do_symlink(from_name, to_name, target_sb);
797 	/* XXX: from_name may point outside of destdir. */
798 	metadata_log(to_name, "link", NULL, from_name, NULL, 0);
799 }
800 
801 /*
802  * install --
803  *	build a path name and install the file
804  */
805 static void
806 install(const char *from_name, const char *to_name, u_long fset, u_int flags)
807 {
808 	struct stat from_sb, temp_sb, to_sb;
809 	struct timespec tsb[2];
810 	int devnull, files_match, from_fd, serrno, stripped, target;
811 	int tempcopy, temp_fd, to_fd;
812 	char backup[MAXPATHLEN], *p, pathbuf[MAXPATHLEN], tempfile[MAXPATHLEN];
813 	char *digestresult;
814 
815 	digestresult = NULL;
816 	files_match = stripped = 0;
817 	from_fd = -1;
818 	to_fd = -1;
819 
820 	/* If try to install NULL file to a directory, fails. */
821 	if (flags & DIRECTORY || strcmp(from_name, _PATH_DEVNULL)) {
822 		if (!dolink) {
823 			if (stat(from_name, &from_sb))
824 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", from_name);
825 			if (!S_ISREG(from_sb.st_mode)) {
826 				errno = EFTYPE;
827 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", from_name);
828 			}
829 		}
830 		/* Build the target path. */
831 		if (flags & DIRECTORY) {
832 			(void)snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), "%s%s%s",
833 			    to_name,
834 			    to_name[strlen(to_name) - 1] == '/' ? "" : "/",
835 			    (p = strrchr(from_name, '/')) ? ++p : from_name);
836 			to_name = pathbuf;
837 		}
838 		devnull = 0;
839 	} else {
840 		devnull = 1;
841 	}
842 
843 	target = (lstat(to_name, &to_sb) == 0);
844 
845 	if (dolink) {
846 		if (target && !safecopy) {
847 			if (to_sb.st_mode & S_IFDIR && rmdir(to_name) == -1)
848 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
849 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
850 			if (to_sb.st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
851 				(void)chflags(to_name,
852 				    to_sb.st_flags & ~NOCHANGEBITS);
853 #endif
854 			unlink(to_name);
855 		}
856 		makelink(from_name, to_name, target ? &to_sb : NULL);
857 		return;
858 	}
859 
860 	if (target && !S_ISREG(to_sb.st_mode) && !S_ISLNK(to_sb.st_mode)) {
861 		errno = EFTYPE;
862 		warn("%s", to_name);
863 		return;
864 	}
865 
866 	/* Only copy safe if the target exists. */
867 	tempcopy = safecopy && target;
868 
869 	if (!devnull && (from_fd = open(from_name, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
870 		err(EX_OSERR, "%s", from_name);
871 
872 	/* If we don't strip, we can compare first. */
873 	if (docompare && !dostrip && target && S_ISREG(to_sb.st_mode)) {
874 		if ((to_fd = open(to_name, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
875 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
876 		if (devnull)
877 			files_match = to_sb.st_size == 0;
878 		else
879 			files_match = !(compare(from_fd, from_name,
880 			    (size_t)from_sb.st_size, to_fd,
881 			    to_name, (size_t)to_sb.st_size, &digestresult));
882 
883 		/* Close "to" file unless we match. */
884 		if (!files_match)
885 			(void)close(to_fd);
886 	}
887 
888 	if (!files_match) {
889 		if (tempcopy) {
890 			to_fd = create_tempfile(to_name, tempfile,
891 			    sizeof(tempfile));
892 			if (to_fd < 0)
893 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", tempfile);
894 		} else {
895 			if ((to_fd = create_newfile(to_name, target,
896 			    &to_sb)) < 0)
897 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
898 			if (verbose)
899 				(void)printf("install: %s -> %s\n",
900 				    from_name, to_name);
901 		}
902 		if (!devnull) {
903 			if (dostrip)
904 			    stripped = strip(tempcopy ? tempfile : to_name,
905 				to_fd, from_name, &digestresult);
906 			if (!stripped)
907 			    digestresult = copy(from_fd, from_name, to_fd,
908 				tempcopy ? tempfile : to_name, from_sb.st_size);
909 		}
910 	}
911 
912 	if (dostrip) {
913 		if (!stripped)
914 			(void)strip(tempcopy ? tempfile : to_name, to_fd,
915 			    NULL, &digestresult);
916 
917 		/*
918 		 * Re-open our fd on the target, in case
919 		 * we did not strip in-place.
920 		 */
921 		close(to_fd);
922 		to_fd = open(tempcopy ? tempfile : to_name, O_RDONLY, 0);
923 		if (to_fd < 0)
924 			err(EX_OSERR, "stripping %s", to_name);
925 	}
926 
927 	/*
928 	 * Compare the stripped temp file with the target.
929 	 */
930 	if (docompare && dostrip && target && S_ISREG(to_sb.st_mode)) {
931 		temp_fd = to_fd;
932 
933 		/* Re-open to_fd using the real target name. */
934 		if ((to_fd = open(to_name, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
935 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
936 
937 		if (fstat(temp_fd, &temp_sb)) {
938 			serrno = errno;
939 			(void)unlink(tempfile);
940 			errno = serrno;
941 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", tempfile);
942 		}
943 
944 		if (compare(temp_fd, tempfile, (size_t)temp_sb.st_size, to_fd,
945 			    to_name, (size_t)to_sb.st_size, &digestresult)
946 			    == 0) {
947 			/*
948 			 * If target has more than one link we need to
949 			 * replace it in order to snap the extra links.
950 			 * Need to preserve target file times, though.
951 			 */
952 			if (to_sb.st_nlink != 1) {
953 				tsb[0] = to_sb.st_atim;
954 				tsb[1] = to_sb.st_mtim;
955 				(void)utimensat(AT_FDCWD, tempfile, tsb, 0);
956 			} else {
957 				files_match = 1;
958 				(void)unlink(tempfile);
959 			}
960 			(void) close(temp_fd);
961 		}
962 	} else if (dostrip)
963 		digestresult = digest_file(tempfile);
964 
965 	/*
966 	 * Move the new file into place if doing a safe copy
967 	 * and the files are different (or just not compared).
968 	 */
969 	if (tempcopy && !files_match) {
970 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
971 		/* Try to turn off the immutable bits. */
972 		if (to_sb.st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
973 			(void)chflags(to_name, to_sb.st_flags & ~NOCHANGEBITS);
974 #endif
975 		if (dobackup) {
976 			if ((size_t)snprintf(backup, MAXPATHLEN, "%s%s", to_name,
977 			    suffix) != strlen(to_name) + strlen(suffix)) {
978 				unlink(tempfile);
979 				errx(EX_OSERR, "%s: backup filename too long",
980 				    to_name);
981 			}
982 			if (verbose)
983 				(void)printf("install: %s -> %s\n", to_name, backup);
984 			if (unlink(backup) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
985 				serrno = errno;
986 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
987 				if (to_sb.st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
988 					(void)chflags(to_name, to_sb.st_flags);
989 #endif
990 				unlink(tempfile);
991 				errno = serrno;
992 				err(EX_OSERR, "unlink: %s", backup);
993 			}
994 			if (link(to_name, backup) < 0) {
995 				serrno = errno;
996 				unlink(tempfile);
997 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
998 				if (to_sb.st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
999 					(void)chflags(to_name, to_sb.st_flags);
1000 #endif
1001 				errno = serrno;
1002 				err(EX_OSERR, "link: %s to %s", to_name,
1003 				     backup);
1004 			}
1005 		}
1006 		if (verbose)
1007 			(void)printf("install: %s -> %s\n", from_name, to_name);
1008 		if (rename(tempfile, to_name) < 0) {
1009 			serrno = errno;
1010 			unlink(tempfile);
1011 			errno = serrno;
1012 			err(EX_OSERR, "rename: %s to %s",
1013 			    tempfile, to_name);
1014 		}
1015 
1016 		/* Re-open to_fd so we aren't hosed by the rename(2). */
1017 		(void) close(to_fd);
1018 		if ((to_fd = open(to_name, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
1019 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
1020 	}
1021 
1022 	/*
1023 	 * Preserve the timestamp of the source file if necessary.
1024 	 */
1025 	if (dopreserve && !files_match && !devnull) {
1026 		tsb[0] = from_sb.st_atim;
1027 		tsb[1] = from_sb.st_mtim;
1028 		(void)utimensat(AT_FDCWD, to_name, tsb, 0);
1029 	}
1030 
1031 	if (fstat(to_fd, &to_sb) == -1) {
1032 		serrno = errno;
1033 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1034 		errno = serrno;
1035 		err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
1036 	}
1037 
1038 	/*
1039 	 * Set owner, group, mode for target; do the chown first,
1040 	 * chown may lose the setuid bits.
1041 	 */
1042 	if (!dounpriv && ((gid != (gid_t)-1 && gid != to_sb.st_gid) ||
1043 	    (uid != (uid_t)-1 && uid != to_sb.st_uid) ||
1044 	    (mode != (to_sb.st_mode & ALLPERMS)))) {
1045 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1046 		/* Try to turn off the immutable bits. */
1047 		if (to_sb.st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
1048 			(void)fchflags(to_fd, to_sb.st_flags & ~NOCHANGEBITS);
1049 #endif
1050 	}
1051 
1052 	if (!dounpriv && ((gid != (gid_t)-1 && gid != to_sb.st_gid) ||
1053 	    (uid != (uid_t)-1 && uid != to_sb.st_uid))) {
1054 		if (fchown(to_fd, uid, gid) == -1) {
1055 			serrno = errno;
1056 			(void)unlink(to_name);
1057 			errno = serrno;
1058 			err(EX_OSERR,"%s: chown/chgrp", to_name);
1059 		}
1060 	}
1061 	if (mode != (to_sb.st_mode & ALLPERMS)) {
1062 		if (fchmod(to_fd,
1063 		    dounpriv ? mode & (S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO) : mode)) {
1064 			serrno = errno;
1065 			(void)unlink(to_name);
1066 			errno = serrno;
1067 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: chmod", to_name);
1068 		}
1069 	}
1070 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1071 	/*
1072 	 * If provided a set of flags, set them, otherwise, preserve the
1073 	 * flags, except for the dump flag.
1074 	 * NFS does not support flags.  Ignore EOPNOTSUPP flags if we're just
1075 	 * trying to turn off UF_NODUMP.  If we're trying to set real flags,
1076 	 * then warn if the fs doesn't support it, otherwise fail.
1077 	 */
1078 	if (!dounpriv && !devnull && (flags & SETFLAGS ||
1079 	    (from_sb.st_flags & ~UF_NODUMP) != to_sb.st_flags) &&
1080 	    fchflags(to_fd,
1081 	    flags & SETFLAGS ? fset : from_sb.st_flags & ~UF_NODUMP)) {
1082 		if (flags & SETFLAGS) {
1083 			if (errno == EOPNOTSUPP)
1084 				warn("%s: chflags", to_name);
1085 			else {
1086 				serrno = errno;
1087 				(void)unlink(to_name);
1088 				errno = serrno;
1089 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s: chflags", to_name);
1090 			}
1091 		}
1092 	}
1093 #endif
1094 
1095 	(void)close(to_fd);
1096 	if (!devnull)
1097 		(void)close(from_fd);
1098 
1099 	metadata_log(to_name, "file", tsb, NULL, digestresult, to_sb.st_size);
1100 	free(digestresult);
1101 }
1102 
1103 /*
1104  * compare --
1105  *	Compare two files; non-zero means files differ.
1106  *	Compute digest and return its address in *dresp
1107  *	unless it points to pre-computed digest.
1108  */
1109 static int
1110 compare(int from_fd, const char *from_name __unused, size_t from_len,
1111 	int to_fd, const char *to_name __unused, size_t to_len,
1112 	char **dresp)
1113 {
1114 	char *p, *q;
1115 	int rv;
1116 	int do_digest, done_compare;
1117 	DIGEST_CTX ctx;
1118 
1119 	rv = 0;
1120 	if (from_len != to_len)
1121 		return 1;
1122 
1123 	do_digest = (digesttype != DIGEST_NONE && dresp != NULL &&
1124 	    *dresp == NULL);
1125 	if (from_len <= MAX_CMP_SIZE) {
1126 		if (do_digest)
1127 			digest_init(&ctx);
1128 		done_compare = 0;
1129 		if (trymmap(from_len) && trymmap(to_len)) {
1130 			p = mmap(NULL, from_len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED,
1131 			    from_fd, (off_t)0);
1132 			if (p == MAP_FAILED)
1133 				goto out;
1134 			q = mmap(NULL, from_len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED,
1135 			    to_fd, (off_t)0);
1136 			if (q == MAP_FAILED) {
1137 				munmap(p, from_len);
1138 				goto out;
1139 			}
1140 
1141 			rv = memcmp(p, q, from_len);
1142 			if (do_digest)
1143 				digest_update(&ctx, p, from_len);
1144 			munmap(p, from_len);
1145 			munmap(q, from_len);
1146 			done_compare = 1;
1147 		}
1148 	out:
1149 		if (!done_compare) {
1150 			static char *buf, *buf1, *buf2;
1151 			static size_t bufsize;
1152 			int n1, n2;
1153 
1154 			if (buf == NULL) {
1155 				/*
1156 				 * Note that buf and bufsize are static. If
1157 				 * malloc() fails, it will fail at the start
1158 				 * and not copy only some files.
1159 				 */
1160 				if (sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES) >
1161 				    PHYSPAGES_THRESHOLD)
1162 					bufsize = MIN(BUFSIZE_MAX, MAXPHYS * 8);
1163 				else
1164 					bufsize = BUFSIZE_SMALL;
1165 				buf = malloc(bufsize * 2);
1166 				if (buf == NULL)
1167 					err(1, "Not enough memory");
1168 				buf1 = buf;
1169 				buf2 = buf + bufsize;
1170 			}
1171 			rv = 0;
1172 			lseek(from_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
1173 			lseek(to_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
1174 			while (rv == 0) {
1175 				n1 = read(from_fd, buf1, bufsize);
1176 				if (n1 == 0)
1177 					break;		/* EOF */
1178 				else if (n1 > 0) {
1179 					n2 = read(to_fd, buf2, n1);
1180 					if (n2 == n1)
1181 						rv = memcmp(buf1, buf2, n1);
1182 					else
1183 						rv = 1;	/* out of sync */
1184 				} else
1185 					rv = 1;		/* read failure */
1186 				if (do_digest)
1187 					digest_update(&ctx, buf1, n1);
1188 			}
1189 			lseek(from_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
1190 			lseek(to_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
1191 		}
1192 	} else
1193 		rv = 1;	/* don't bother in this case */
1194 
1195 	if (do_digest) {
1196 		if (rv == 0)
1197 			*dresp = digest_end(&ctx, NULL);
1198 		else
1199 			(void)digest_end(&ctx, NULL);
1200 	}
1201 
1202 	return rv;
1203 }
1204 
1205 /*
1206  * create_tempfile --
1207  *	create a temporary file based on path and open it
1208  */
1209 static int
1210 create_tempfile(const char *path, char *temp, size_t tsize)
1211 {
1212 	char *p;
1213 
1214 	(void)strncpy(temp, path, tsize);
1215 	temp[tsize - 1] = '\0';
1216 	if ((p = strrchr(temp, '/')) != NULL)
1217 		p++;
1218 	else
1219 		p = temp;
1220 	(void)strncpy(p, "INS@XXXXXX", &temp[tsize - 1] - p);
1221 	temp[tsize - 1] = '\0';
1222 	return (mkstemp(temp));
1223 }
1224 
1225 /*
1226  * create_newfile --
1227  *	create a new file, overwriting an existing one if necessary
1228  */
1229 static int
1230 create_newfile(const char *path, int target, struct stat *sbp)
1231 {
1232 	char backup[MAXPATHLEN];
1233 	int saved_errno = 0;
1234 	int newfd;
1235 
1236 	if (target) {
1237 		/*
1238 		 * Unlink now... avoid ETXTBSY errors later.  Try to turn
1239 		 * off the append/immutable bits -- if we fail, go ahead,
1240 		 * it might work.
1241 		 */
1242 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1243 		if (sbp->st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
1244 			(void)chflags(path, sbp->st_flags & ~NOCHANGEBITS);
1245 #endif
1246 
1247 		if (dobackup) {
1248 			if ((size_t)snprintf(backup, MAXPATHLEN, "%s%s",
1249 			    path, suffix) != strlen(path) + strlen(suffix)) {
1250 				saved_errno = errno;
1251 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1252 				if (sbp->st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
1253 					(void)chflags(path, sbp->st_flags);
1254 #endif
1255 				errno = saved_errno;
1256 				errx(EX_OSERR, "%s: backup filename too long",
1257 				    path);
1258 			}
1259 			(void)snprintf(backup, MAXPATHLEN, "%s%s",
1260 			    path, suffix);
1261 			if (verbose)
1262 				(void)printf("install: %s -> %s\n",
1263 				    path, backup);
1264 			if (rename(path, backup) < 0) {
1265 				saved_errno = errno;
1266 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1267 				if (sbp->st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
1268 					(void)chflags(path, sbp->st_flags);
1269 #endif
1270 				errno = saved_errno;
1271 				err(EX_OSERR, "rename: %s to %s", path, backup);
1272 			}
1273 		} else
1274 			if (unlink(path) < 0)
1275 				saved_errno = errno;
1276 	}
1277 
1278 	newfd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
1279 	if (newfd < 0 && saved_errno != 0)
1280 		errno = saved_errno;
1281 	return newfd;
1282 }
1283 
1284 /*
1285  * copy --
1286  *	copy from one file to another
1287  */
1288 static char *
1289 copy(int from_fd, const char *from_name, int to_fd, const char *to_name,
1290     off_t size)
1291 {
1292 	static char *buf = NULL;
1293 	static size_t bufsize;
1294 	int nr, nw;
1295 	int serrno;
1296 #ifndef BOOTSTRAP_XINSTALL
1297 	ssize_t ret;
1298 #endif
1299 	char *p;
1300 	int done_copy;
1301 	DIGEST_CTX ctx;
1302 
1303 	/* Rewind file descriptors. */
1304 	if (lseek(from_fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1)
1305 		err(EX_OSERR, "lseek: %s", from_name);
1306 	if (lseek(to_fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1)
1307 		err(EX_OSERR, "lseek: %s", to_name);
1308 
1309 #ifndef BOOTSTRAP_XINSTALL
1310 	/* Try copy_file_range() if no digest is requested */
1311 	if (digesttype == DIGEST_NONE) {
1312 		ret = 1;
1313 		while (ret > 0) {
1314 			ret = copy_file_range(from_fd, NULL, to_fd, NULL,
1315 			    SSIZE_MAX, 0);
1316 		}
1317 		if (ret == 0) {
1318 			/* DIGEST_NONE always returns NULL */
1319 			return (NULL);
1320 		}
1321 		if (errno != EINVAL) {
1322 			serrno = errno;
1323 			(void)unlink(to_name);
1324 			errno = serrno;
1325 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
1326 		}
1327 		/* Fall back */
1328 	}
1329 
1330 #endif
1331 	digest_init(&ctx);
1332 
1333 	done_copy = 0;
1334 	if (trymmap((size_t)size) &&
1335 	    (p = mmap(NULL, (size_t)size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED,
1336 		    from_fd, (off_t)0)) != MAP_FAILED) {
1337 		nw = write(to_fd, p, size);
1338 		if (nw != size) {
1339 			serrno = errno;
1340 			(void)unlink(to_name);
1341 			if (nw >= 0) {
1342 				errx(EX_OSERR,
1343      "short write to %s: %jd bytes written, %jd bytes asked to write",
1344 				    to_name, (uintmax_t)nw, (uintmax_t)size);
1345 			} else {
1346 				errno = serrno;
1347 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
1348 			}
1349 		}
1350 		digest_update(&ctx, p, size);
1351 		(void)munmap(p, size);
1352 		done_copy = 1;
1353 	}
1354 	if (!done_copy) {
1355 		if (buf == NULL) {
1356 			/*
1357 			 * Note that buf and bufsize are static. If
1358 			 * malloc() fails, it will fail at the start
1359 			 * and not copy only some files.
1360 			 */
1361 			if (sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES) >
1362 			    PHYSPAGES_THRESHOLD)
1363 				bufsize = MIN(BUFSIZE_MAX, MAXPHYS * 8);
1364 			else
1365 				bufsize = BUFSIZE_SMALL;
1366 			buf = malloc(bufsize);
1367 			if (buf == NULL)
1368 				err(1, "Not enough memory");
1369 		}
1370 		while ((nr = read(from_fd, buf, bufsize)) > 0) {
1371 			if ((nw = write(to_fd, buf, nr)) != nr) {
1372 				serrno = errno;
1373 				(void)unlink(to_name);
1374 				if (nw >= 0) {
1375 					errx(EX_OSERR,
1376      "short write to %s: %jd bytes written, %jd bytes asked to write",
1377 					    to_name, (uintmax_t)nw,
1378 					    (uintmax_t)size);
1379 				} else {
1380 					errno = serrno;
1381 					err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
1382 				}
1383 			}
1384 			digest_update(&ctx, buf, nr);
1385 		}
1386 		if (nr != 0) {
1387 			serrno = errno;
1388 			(void)unlink(to_name);
1389 			errno = serrno;
1390 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", from_name);
1391 		}
1392 	}
1393 	if (safecopy && fsync(to_fd) == -1) {
1394 		serrno = errno;
1395 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1396 		errno = serrno;
1397 		err(EX_OSERR, "fsync failed for %s", to_name);
1398 	}
1399 	return (digest_end(&ctx, NULL));
1400 }
1401 
1402 /*
1403  * strip --
1404  *	Use strip(1) to strip the target file.
1405  *	Just invoke strip(1) on to_name if from_name is NULL, else try
1406  *	to run "strip -o to_name from_name" and return 0 on failure.
1407  *	Return 1 on success and assign result of digest_file(to_name)
1408  *	to *dresp.
1409  */
1410 static int
1411 strip(const char *to_name, int to_fd, const char *from_name, char **dresp)
1412 {
1413 	const char *stripbin;
1414 	const char *args[5];
1415 	char *prefixed_from_name;
1416 	pid_t pid;
1417 	int error, serrno, status;
1418 
1419 	prefixed_from_name = NULL;
1420 	stripbin = getenv("STRIPBIN");
1421 	if (stripbin == NULL)
1422 		stripbin = "strip";
1423 	args[0] = stripbin;
1424 	if (from_name == NULL) {
1425 		args[1] = to_name;
1426 		args[2] = NULL;
1427 	} else {
1428 		args[1] = "-o";
1429 		args[2] = to_name;
1430 
1431 		/* Prepend './' if from_name begins with '-' */
1432 		if (from_name[0] == '-') {
1433 			if (asprintf(&prefixed_from_name, "./%s", from_name) == -1)
1434 				return (0);
1435 			args[3] = prefixed_from_name;
1436 		} else {
1437 			args[3] = from_name;
1438 		}
1439 		args[4] = NULL;
1440 	}
1441 	error = posix_spawnp(&pid, stripbin, NULL, NULL,
1442 	    __DECONST(char **, args), environ);
1443 	if (error != 0) {
1444 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1445 		errc(error == EAGAIN || error == EPROCLIM || error == ENOMEM ?
1446 		    EX_TEMPFAIL : EX_OSERR, error, "spawn %s", stripbin);
1447 	}
1448 	free(prefixed_from_name);
1449 	if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
1450 		error = errno;
1451 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1452 		errc(EX_SOFTWARE, error, "wait");
1453 		/* NOTREACHED */
1454 	}
1455 	if (status != 0) {
1456 		if (from_name != NULL)
1457 			return (0);
1458 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1459 		errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "strip command %s failed on %s",
1460 		    stripbin, to_name);
1461 	}
1462 	if (from_name != NULL && safecopy && fsync(to_fd) == -1) {
1463 		serrno = errno;
1464 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1465 		errno = serrno;
1466 		err(EX_OSERR, "fsync failed for %s", to_name);
1467 	}
1468 	if (dresp != NULL)
1469 		*dresp = digest_file(to_name);
1470 	return (1);
1471 }
1472 
1473 /*
1474  * install_dir --
1475  *	build directory hierarchy
1476  */
1477 static void
1478 install_dir(char *path)
1479 {
1480 	char *p;
1481 	struct stat sb;
1482 	int ch, tried_mkdir;
1483 
1484 	for (p = path;; ++p)
1485 		if (!*p || (p != path && *p  == '/')) {
1486 			tried_mkdir = 0;
1487 			ch = *p;
1488 			*p = '\0';
1489 again:
1490 			if (stat(path, &sb) != 0) {
1491 				if (errno != ENOENT || tried_mkdir)
1492 					err(EX_OSERR, "stat %s", path);
1493 				if (mkdir(path, 0755) < 0) {
1494 					tried_mkdir = 1;
1495 					if (errno == EEXIST)
1496 						goto again;
1497 					err(EX_OSERR, "mkdir %s", path);
1498 				}
1499 				if (verbose)
1500 					(void)printf("install: mkdir %s\n",
1501 					    path);
1502 			} else if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
1503 				errx(EX_OSERR, "%s exists but is not a directory", path);
1504 			if (!(*p = ch))
1505 				break;
1506  		}
1507 
1508 	if (!dounpriv) {
1509 		if ((gid != (gid_t)-1 || uid != (uid_t)-1) &&
1510 		    chown(path, uid, gid))
1511 			warn("chown %u:%u %s", uid, gid, path);
1512 		/* XXXBED: should we do the chmod in the dounpriv case? */
1513 		if (chmod(path, mode))
1514 			warn("chmod %o %s", mode, path);
1515 	}
1516 	metadata_log(path, "dir", NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
1517 }
1518 
1519 /*
1520  * metadata_log --
1521  *	if metafp is not NULL, output mtree(8) full path name and settings to
1522  *	metafp, to allow permissions to be set correctly by other tools,
1523  *	or to allow integrity checks to be performed.
1524  */
1525 static void
1526 metadata_log(const char *path, const char *type, struct timespec *ts,
1527 	const char *slink, const char *digestresult, off_t size)
1528 {
1529 	static const char extra[] = { ' ', '\t', '\n', '\\', '#', '\0' };
1530 	const char *p;
1531 	char *buf;
1532 	size_t destlen;
1533 	struct flock metalog_lock;
1534 
1535 	if (!metafp)
1536 		return;
1537 	/* Buffer for strsvis(3). */
1538 	buf = (char *)malloc(4 * strlen(path) + 1);
1539 	if (buf == NULL) {
1540 		warnx("%s", strerror(ENOMEM));
1541 		return;
1542 	}
1543 
1544 	/* Lock log file. */
1545 	metalog_lock.l_start = 0;
1546 	metalog_lock.l_len = 0;
1547 	metalog_lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
1548 	metalog_lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
1549 	if (fcntl(fileno(metafp), F_SETLKW, &metalog_lock) == -1) {
1550 		warn("can't lock %s", metafile);
1551 		free(buf);
1552 		return;
1553 	}
1554 
1555 	/* Remove destdir. */
1556 	p = path;
1557 	if (destdir) {
1558 		destlen = strlen(destdir);
1559 		if (strncmp(p, destdir, destlen) == 0 &&
1560 		    (p[destlen] == '/' || p[destlen] == '\0'))
1561 			p += destlen;
1562 	}
1563 	while (*p && *p == '/')
1564 		p++;
1565 	strsvis(buf, p, VIS_OCTAL, extra);
1566 	p = buf;
1567 	/* Print details. */
1568 	fprintf(metafp, ".%s%s type=%s", *p ? "/" : "", p, type);
1569 	if (owner)
1570 		fprintf(metafp, " uname=%s", owner);
1571 	if (group)
1572 		fprintf(metafp, " gname=%s", group);
1573 	fprintf(metafp, " mode=%#o", mode);
1574 	if (slink) {
1575 		strsvis(buf, slink, VIS_CSTYLE, extra);	/* encode link */
1576 		fprintf(metafp, " link=%s", buf);
1577 	}
1578 	if (*type == 'f') /* type=file */
1579 		fprintf(metafp, " size=%lld", (long long)size);
1580 	if (ts != NULL && dopreserve)
1581 		fprintf(metafp, " time=%lld.%09ld",
1582 			(long long)ts[1].tv_sec, ts[1].tv_nsec);
1583 	if (digestresult && digest)
1584 		fprintf(metafp, " %s=%s", digest, digestresult);
1585 	if (fflags)
1586 		fprintf(metafp, " flags=%s", fflags);
1587 	if (tags)
1588 		fprintf(metafp, " tags=%s", tags);
1589 	fputc('\n', metafp);
1590 	/* Flush line. */
1591 	fflush(metafp);
1592 
1593 	/* Unlock log file. */
1594 	metalog_lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
1595 	if (fcntl(fileno(metafp), F_SETLKW, &metalog_lock) == -1)
1596 		warn("can't unlock %s", metafile);
1597 	free(buf);
1598 }
1599 
1600 /*
1601  * usage --
1602  *	print a usage message and die
1603  */
1604 static void
1605 usage(void)
1606 {
1607 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1608 "usage: install [-bCcpSsUv] [-f flags] [-g group] [-m mode] [-o owner]\n"
1609 "               [-M log] [-D dest] [-h hash] [-T tags]\n"
1610 "               [-B suffix] [-l linkflags] [-N dbdir]\n"
1611 "               file1 file2\n"
1612 "       install [-bCcpSsUv] [-f flags] [-g group] [-m mode] [-o owner]\n"
1613 "               [-M log] [-D dest] [-h hash] [-T tags]\n"
1614 "               [-B suffix] [-l linkflags] [-N dbdir]\n"
1615 "               file1 ... fileN directory\n"
1616 "       install -dU [-vU] [-g group] [-m mode] [-N dbdir] [-o owner]\n"
1617 "               [-M log] [-D dest] [-h hash] [-T tags]\n"
1618 "               directory ...\n");
1619 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1620 	/* NOTREACHED */
1621 }
1622 
1623 /*
1624  * trymmap --
1625  *	return true (1) if mmap should be tried, false (0) if not.
1626  */
1627 static int
1628 trymmap(size_t filesize)
1629 {
1630 	/*
1631 	 * This function existed to skip mmap() for NFS file systems whereas
1632 	 * nowadays mmap() should be perfectly safe. Nevertheless, using mmap()
1633 	 * only reduces the number of system calls if we need multiple read()
1634 	 * syscalls, i.e. if the file size is > MAXBSIZE. However, mmap() is
1635 	 * more expensive than read() so set the threshold at 4 fewer syscalls.
1636 	 * Additionally, for larger file size mmap() can significantly increase
1637 	 * the number of page faults, so avoid it in that case.
1638 	 *
1639 	 * Note: the 8MB limit is not based on any meaningful benchmarking
1640 	 * results, it is simply reusing the same value that was used before
1641 	 * and also matches bin/cp.
1642 	 *
1643 	 * XXX: Maybe we shouldn't bother with mmap() at all, since we use
1644 	 * MAXBSIZE the syscall overhead of read() shouldn't be too high?
1645 	 */
1646 	return (filesize > 4 * MAXBSIZE && filesize < 8 * 1024 * 1024);
1647 }
1648