xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/init_main.c (revision 1a498d2e689f9e8220e2ad64b018eb1f0d11127e)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-4-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1995 Terrence R. Lambert
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
8  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
9  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
10  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
11  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
12  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
13  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
14  *
15  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
16  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
17  * are met:
18  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
19  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
20  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
21  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
22  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
23  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
24  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
25  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
26  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
27  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
28  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
29  *    without specific prior written permission.
30  *
31  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
32  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
33  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
34  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
35  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
36  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
37  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
38  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
39  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
40  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
41  * SUCH DAMAGE.
42  *
43  *	@(#)init_main.c	8.9 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
44  */
45 
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 
49 #include "opt_ddb.h"
50 #include "opt_init_path.h"
51 #include "opt_verbose_sysinit.h"
52 
53 #include <sys/param.h>
54 #include <sys/kernel.h>
55 #include <sys/exec.h>
56 #include <sys/file.h>
57 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
58 #include <sys/jail.h>
59 #include <sys/ktr.h>
60 #include <sys/lock.h>
61 #include <sys/loginclass.h>
62 #include <sys/mount.h>
63 #include <sys/mutex.h>
64 #include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
65 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
66 #include <sys/proc.h>
67 #include <sys/racct.h>
68 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
69 #include <sys/systm.h>
70 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
71 #include <sys/vnode.h>
72 #include <sys/sysent.h>
73 #include <sys/reboot.h>
74 #include <sys/sched.h>
75 #include <sys/sx.h>
76 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
77 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
78 #include <sys/unistd.h>
79 #include <sys/malloc.h>
80 #include <sys/conf.h>
81 #include <sys/cpuset.h>
82 
83 #include <machine/cpu.h>
84 
85 #include <security/audit/audit.h>
86 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
87 
88 #include <vm/vm.h>
89 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
90 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
91 #include <vm/pmap.h>
92 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
93 #include <sys/copyright.h>
94 
95 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
96 #include <ddb/db_sym.h>
97 
98 void mi_startup(void);				/* Should be elsewhere */
99 
100 /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */
101 static struct session session0;
102 static struct pgrp pgrp0;
103 struct	proc proc0;
104 struct thread0_storage thread0_st __aligned(32);
105 struct	vmspace vmspace0;
106 struct	proc *initproc;
107 
108 #ifndef BOOTHOWTO
109 #define	BOOTHOWTO	0
110 #endif
111 int	boothowto = BOOTHOWTO;	/* initialized so that it can be patched */
112 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, boothowto, CTLFLAG_RD, &boothowto, 0,
113 	"Boot control flags, passed from loader");
114 
115 #ifndef BOOTVERBOSE
116 #define	BOOTVERBOSE	0
117 #endif
118 int	bootverbose = BOOTVERBOSE;
119 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, bootverbose, CTLFLAG_RW, &bootverbose, 0,
120 	"Control the output of verbose kernel messages");
121 
122 #ifdef VERBOSE_SYSINIT
123 /*
124  * We'll use the defined value of VERBOSE_SYSINIT from the kernel config to
125  * dictate the default VERBOSE_SYSINIT behavior.  Significant values for this
126  * option and associated tunable are:
127  * - 0, 'compiled in but silent by default'
128  * - 1, 'compiled in but verbose by default' (default)
129  */
130 int	verbose_sysinit = VERBOSE_SYSINIT;
131 TUNABLE_INT("debug.verbose_sysinit", &verbose_sysinit);
132 #endif
133 
134 #ifdef INVARIANTS
135 FEATURE(invariants, "Kernel compiled with INVARIANTS, may affect performance");
136 #endif
137 
138 /*
139  * This ensures that there is at least one entry so that the sysinit_set
140  * symbol is not undefined.  A sybsystem ID of SI_SUB_DUMMY is never
141  * executed.
142  */
143 SYSINIT(placeholder, SI_SUB_DUMMY, SI_ORDER_ANY, NULL, NULL);
144 
145 /*
146  * The sysinit table itself.  Items are checked off as the are run.
147  * If we want to register new sysinit types, add them to newsysinit.
148  */
149 SET_DECLARE(sysinit_set, struct sysinit);
150 struct sysinit **sysinit, **sysinit_end;
151 struct sysinit **newsysinit, **newsysinit_end;
152 
153 EVENTHANDLER_LIST_DECLARE(process_init);
154 EVENTHANDLER_LIST_DECLARE(thread_init);
155 EVENTHANDLER_LIST_DECLARE(process_ctor);
156 EVENTHANDLER_LIST_DECLARE(thread_ctor);
157 
158 /*
159  * Merge a new sysinit set into the current set, reallocating it if
160  * necessary.  This can only be called after malloc is running.
161  */
162 void
163 sysinit_add(struct sysinit **set, struct sysinit **set_end)
164 {
165 	struct sysinit **newset;
166 	struct sysinit **sipp;
167 	struct sysinit **xipp;
168 	int count;
169 
170 	count = set_end - set;
171 	if (newsysinit)
172 		count += newsysinit_end - newsysinit;
173 	else
174 		count += sysinit_end - sysinit;
175 	newset = malloc(count * sizeof(*sipp), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
176 	if (newset == NULL)
177 		panic("cannot malloc for sysinit");
178 	xipp = newset;
179 	if (newsysinit)
180 		for (sipp = newsysinit; sipp < newsysinit_end; sipp++)
181 			*xipp++ = *sipp;
182 	else
183 		for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++)
184 			*xipp++ = *sipp;
185 	for (sipp = set; sipp < set_end; sipp++)
186 		*xipp++ = *sipp;
187 	if (newsysinit)
188 		free(newsysinit, M_TEMP);
189 	newsysinit = newset;
190 	newsysinit_end = newset + count;
191 }
192 
193 #if defined (DDB) && defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
194 static const char *
195 symbol_name(vm_offset_t va, db_strategy_t strategy)
196 {
197 	const char *name;
198 	c_db_sym_t sym;
199 	db_expr_t  offset;
200 
201 	if (va == 0)
202 		return (NULL);
203 	sym = db_search_symbol(va, strategy, &offset);
204 	if (offset != 0)
205 		return (NULL);
206 	db_symbol_values(sym, &name, NULL);
207 	return (name);
208 }
209 #endif
210 
211 /*
212  * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
213  * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon.  Most of the
214  * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
215  * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
216  *
217  * This allows simple addition of new kernel subsystems that require
218  * boot time initialization.  It also allows substitution of subsystem
219  * (for instance, a scheduler, kernel profiler, or VM system) by object
220  * module.  Finally, it allows for optional "kernel threads".
221  */
222 void
223 mi_startup(void)
224 {
225 
226 	struct sysinit **sipp;	/* system initialization*/
227 	struct sysinit **xipp;	/* interior loop of sort*/
228 	struct sysinit *save;	/* bubble*/
229 
230 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
231 	int last;
232 	int verbose;
233 #endif
234 
235 	TSENTER();
236 
237 	if (boothowto & RB_VERBOSE)
238 		bootverbose++;
239 
240 	if (sysinit == NULL) {
241 		sysinit = SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set);
242 		sysinit_end = SET_LIMIT(sysinit_set);
243 	}
244 
245 restart:
246 	/*
247 	 * Perform a bubble sort of the system initialization objects by
248 	 * their subsystem (primary key) and order (secondary key).
249 	 */
250 	for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
251 		for (xipp = sipp + 1; xipp < sysinit_end; xipp++) {
252 			if ((*sipp)->subsystem < (*xipp)->subsystem ||
253 			     ((*sipp)->subsystem == (*xipp)->subsystem &&
254 			      (*sipp)->order <= (*xipp)->order))
255 				continue;	/* skip*/
256 			save = *sipp;
257 			*sipp = *xipp;
258 			*xipp = save;
259 		}
260 	}
261 
262 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
263 	last = SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT;
264 	verbose = 0;
265 #if !defined(DDB)
266 	printf("VERBOSE_SYSINIT: DDB not enabled, symbol lookups disabled.\n");
267 #endif
268 #endif
269 
270 	/*
271 	 * Traverse the (now) ordered list of system initialization tasks.
272 	 * Perform each task, and continue on to the next task.
273 	 */
274 	for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
275 
276 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DUMMY)
277 			continue;	/* skip dummy task(s)*/
278 
279 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DONE)
280 			continue;
281 
282 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
283 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem > last && verbose_sysinit != 0) {
284 			verbose = 1;
285 			last = (*sipp)->subsystem;
286 			printf("subsystem %x\n", last);
287 		}
288 		if (verbose) {
289 #if defined(DDB)
290 			const char *func, *data;
291 
292 			func = symbol_name((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->func,
293 			    DB_STGY_PROC);
294 			data = symbol_name((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->udata,
295 			    DB_STGY_ANY);
296 			if (func != NULL && data != NULL)
297 				printf("   %s(&%s)... ", func, data);
298 			else if (func != NULL)
299 				printf("   %s(%p)... ", func, (*sipp)->udata);
300 			else
301 #endif
302 				printf("   %p(%p)... ", (*sipp)->func,
303 				    (*sipp)->udata);
304 		}
305 #endif
306 
307 		/* Call function */
308 		(*((*sipp)->func))((*sipp)->udata);
309 
310 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
311 		if (verbose)
312 			printf("done.\n");
313 #endif
314 
315 		/* Check off the one we're just done */
316 		(*sipp)->subsystem = SI_SUB_DONE;
317 
318 		/* Check if we've installed more sysinit items via KLD */
319 		if (newsysinit != NULL) {
320 			if (sysinit != SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set))
321 				free(sysinit, M_TEMP);
322 			sysinit = newsysinit;
323 			sysinit_end = newsysinit_end;
324 			newsysinit = NULL;
325 			newsysinit_end = NULL;
326 			goto restart;
327 		}
328 	}
329 
330 	TSEXIT();	/* Here so we don't overlap with start_init. */
331 
332 	mtx_assert(&Giant, MA_OWNED | MA_NOTRECURSED);
333 	mtx_unlock(&Giant);
334 
335 	/*
336 	 * Now hand over this thread to swapper.
337 	 */
338 	swapper();
339 	/* NOTREACHED*/
340 }
341 
342 static void
343 print_caddr_t(void *data)
344 {
345 	printf("%s", (char *)data);
346 }
347 
348 static void
349 print_version(void *data __unused)
350 {
351 	int len;
352 
353 	/* Strip a trailing newline from version. */
354 	len = strlen(version);
355 	while (len > 0 && version[len - 1] == '\n')
356 		len--;
357 	printf("%.*s %s\n", len, version, machine);
358 	printf("%s\n", compiler_version);
359 }
360 
361 SYSINIT(announce, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, print_caddr_t,
362     copyright);
363 SYSINIT(trademark, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_SECOND, print_caddr_t,
364     trademark);
365 SYSINIT(version, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD, print_version, NULL);
366 
367 #ifdef WITNESS
368 static char wit_warn[] =
369      "WARNING: WITNESS option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
370 SYSINIT(witwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
371    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
372 SYSINIT(witwarn2, SI_SUB_LAST, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
373    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
374 #endif
375 
376 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
377 static char diag_warn[] =
378      "WARNING: DIAGNOSTIC option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
379 SYSINIT(diagwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
380     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
381 SYSINIT(diagwarn2, SI_SUB_LAST, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
382     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
383 #endif
384 
385 static int
386 null_fetch_syscall_args(struct thread *td __unused)
387 {
388 
389 	panic("null_fetch_syscall_args");
390 }
391 
392 static void
393 null_set_syscall_retval(struct thread *td __unused, int error __unused)
394 {
395 
396 	panic("null_set_syscall_retval");
397 }
398 
399 struct sysentvec null_sysvec = {
400 	.sv_size	= 0,
401 	.sv_table	= NULL,
402 	.sv_mask	= 0,
403 	.sv_errsize	= 0,
404 	.sv_errtbl	= NULL,
405 	.sv_transtrap	= NULL,
406 	.sv_fixup	= NULL,
407 	.sv_sendsig	= NULL,
408 	.sv_sigcode	= NULL,
409 	.sv_szsigcode	= NULL,
410 	.sv_name	= "null",
411 	.sv_coredump	= NULL,
412 	.sv_imgact_try	= NULL,
413 	.sv_minsigstksz	= 0,
414 	.sv_pagesize	= PAGE_SIZE,
415 	.sv_minuser	= VM_MIN_ADDRESS,
416 	.sv_maxuser	= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS,
417 	.sv_usrstack	= USRSTACK,
418 	.sv_psstrings	= PS_STRINGS,
419 	.sv_stackprot	= VM_PROT_ALL,
420 	.sv_copyout_strings	= NULL,
421 	.sv_setregs	= NULL,
422 	.sv_fixlimit	= NULL,
423 	.sv_maxssiz	= NULL,
424 	.sv_flags	= 0,
425 	.sv_set_syscall_retval = null_set_syscall_retval,
426 	.sv_fetch_syscall_args = null_fetch_syscall_args,
427 	.sv_syscallnames = NULL,
428 	.sv_schedtail	= NULL,
429 	.sv_thread_detach = NULL,
430 	.sv_trap	= NULL,
431 };
432 
433 /*
434  * The two following SYSINIT's are proc0 specific glue code.  I am not
435  * convinced that they can not be safely combined, but their order of
436  * operation has been maintained as the same as the original init_main.c
437  * for right now.
438  */
439 /* ARGSUSED*/
440 static void
441 proc0_init(void *dummy __unused)
442 {
443 	struct proc *p;
444 	struct thread *td;
445 	struct ucred *newcred;
446 	struct uidinfo tmpuinfo;
447 	struct loginclass tmplc = {
448 		.lc_name = "",
449 	};
450 	vm_paddr_t pageablemem;
451 	int i;
452 
453 	GIANT_REQUIRED;
454 	p = &proc0;
455 	td = &thread0;
456 
457 	/*
458 	 * Initialize magic number and osrel.
459 	 */
460 	p->p_magic = P_MAGIC;
461 	p->p_osrel = osreldate;
462 
463 	/*
464 	 * Initialize thread and process structures.
465 	 */
466 	procinit();	/* set up proc zone */
467 	threadinit();	/* set up UMA zones */
468 
469 	/*
470 	 * Initialise scheduler resources.
471 	 * Add scheduler specific parts to proc, thread as needed.
472 	 */
473 	schedinit();	/* scheduler gets its house in order */
474 
475 	/*
476 	 * Create process 0 (the swapper).
477 	 */
478 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p, p_list);
479 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(0), p, p_hash);
480 	mtx_init(&pgrp0.pg_mtx, "process group", NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK);
481 	p->p_pgrp = &pgrp0;
482 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash);
483 	LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members);
484 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, p, p_pglist);
485 
486 	pgrp0.pg_session = &session0;
487 	mtx_init(&session0.s_mtx, "session", NULL, MTX_DEF);
488 	refcount_init(&session0.s_count, 1);
489 	session0.s_leader = p;
490 
491 	p->p_sysent = &null_sysvec;
492 	p->p_flag = P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM | P_KPROC;
493 	p->p_flag2 = 0;
494 	p->p_state = PRS_NORMAL;
495 	p->p_klist = knlist_alloc(&p->p_mtx);
496 	STAILQ_INIT(&p->p_ktr);
497 	p->p_nice = NZERO;
498 	/* pid_max cannot be greater than PID_MAX */
499 	td->td_tid = PID_MAX + 1;
500 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(TIDHASH(td->td_tid), td, td_hash);
501 	td->td_state = TDS_RUNNING;
502 	td->td_pri_class = PRI_TIMESHARE;
503 	td->td_user_pri = PUSER;
504 	td->td_base_user_pri = PUSER;
505 	td->td_lend_user_pri = PRI_MAX;
506 	td->td_priority = PVM;
507 	td->td_base_pri = PVM;
508 	td->td_oncpu = curcpu;
509 	td->td_flags = TDF_INMEM;
510 	td->td_pflags = TDP_KTHREAD;
511 	td->td_cpuset = cpuset_thread0();
512 	td->td_domain.dr_policy = td->td_cpuset->cs_domain;
513 	prison0_init();
514 	p->p_peers = 0;
515 	p->p_leader = p;
516 	p->p_reaper = p;
517 	p->p_treeflag |= P_TREE_REAPER;
518 	LIST_INIT(&p->p_reaplist);
519 
520 	strncpy(p->p_comm, "kernel", sizeof (p->p_comm));
521 	strncpy(td->td_name, "swapper", sizeof (td->td_name));
522 
523 	callout_init_mtx(&p->p_itcallout, &p->p_mtx, 0);
524 	callout_init_mtx(&p->p_limco, &p->p_mtx, 0);
525 	callout_init(&td->td_slpcallout, 1);
526 
527 	/* Create credentials. */
528 	newcred = crget();
529 	newcred->cr_ngroups = 1;	/* group 0 */
530 	/* A hack to prevent uifind from tripping over NULL pointers. */
531 	curthread->td_ucred = newcred;
532 	tmpuinfo.ui_uid = 1;
533 	newcred->cr_uidinfo = newcred->cr_ruidinfo = &tmpuinfo;
534 	newcred->cr_uidinfo = uifind(0);
535 	newcred->cr_ruidinfo = uifind(0);
536 	newcred->cr_loginclass = &tmplc;
537 	newcred->cr_loginclass = loginclass_find("default");
538 	/* End hack. creds get properly set later with thread_cow_get_proc */
539 	curthread->td_ucred = NULL;
540 	newcred->cr_prison = &prison0;
541 	proc_set_cred_init(p, newcred);
542 #ifdef AUDIT
543 	audit_cred_kproc0(newcred);
544 #endif
545 #ifdef MAC
546 	mac_cred_create_swapper(newcred);
547 #endif
548 	/* Create sigacts. */
549 	p->p_sigacts = sigacts_alloc();
550 
551 	/* Initialize signal state for process 0. */
552 	siginit(&proc0);
553 
554 	/* Create the file descriptor table. */
555 	p->p_fd = fdinit(NULL, false);
556 	p->p_fdtol = NULL;
557 
558 	/* Create the limits structures. */
559 	p->p_limit = lim_alloc();
560 	for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
561 		p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_cur =
562 		    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
563 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur =
564 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_max = maxfiles;
565 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur =
566 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = maxproc;
567 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_cur = dfldsiz;
568 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_max = maxdsiz;
569 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_cur = dflssiz;
570 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_max = maxssiz;
571 	/* Cast to avoid overflow on i386/PAE. */
572 	pageablemem = ptoa((vm_paddr_t)vm_free_count());
573 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_cur =
574 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_max = pageablemem;
575 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_cur = pageablemem / 3;
576 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_max = pageablemem;
577 	p->p_cpulimit = RLIM_INFINITY;
578 
579 	PROC_LOCK(p);
580 	thread_cow_get_proc(td, p);
581 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
582 
583 	/* Initialize resource accounting structures. */
584 	racct_create(&p->p_racct);
585 
586 	p->p_stats = pstats_alloc();
587 
588 	/* Allocate a prototype map so we have something to fork. */
589 	p->p_vmspace = &vmspace0;
590 	vmspace0.vm_refcnt = 1;
591 	pmap_pinit0(vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0));
592 
593 	/*
594 	 * proc0 is not expected to enter usermode, so there is no special
595 	 * handling for sv_minuser here, like is done for exec_new_vmspace().
596 	 */
597 	vm_map_init(&vmspace0.vm_map, vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0),
598 	    p->p_sysent->sv_minuser, p->p_sysent->sv_maxuser);
599 
600 	/*
601 	 * Call the init and ctor for the new thread and proc.  We wait
602 	 * to do this until all other structures are fairly sane.
603 	 */
604 	EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(process_init, p);
605 	EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(thread_init, td);
606 	EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(process_ctor, p);
607 	EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(thread_ctor, td);
608 
609 	/*
610 	 * Charge root for one process.
611 	 */
612 	(void)chgproccnt(p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo, 1, 0);
613 	PROC_LOCK(p);
614 	racct_add_force(p, RACCT_NPROC, 1);
615 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
616 }
617 SYSINIT(p0init, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_init, NULL);
618 
619 /* ARGSUSED*/
620 static void
621 proc0_post(void *dummy __unused)
622 {
623 	struct timespec ts;
624 	struct proc *p;
625 	struct rusage ru;
626 	struct thread *td;
627 
628 	/*
629 	 * Now we can look at the time, having had a chance to verify the
630 	 * time from the filesystem.  Pretend that proc0 started now.
631 	 */
632 	sx_slock(&allproc_lock);
633 	FOREACH_PROC_IN_SYSTEM(p) {
634 		PROC_LOCK(p);
635 		if (p->p_state == PRS_NEW) {
636 			PROC_UNLOCK(p);
637 			continue;
638 		}
639 		microuptime(&p->p_stats->p_start);
640 		PROC_STATLOCK(p);
641 		rufetch(p, &ru);	/* Clears thread stats */
642 		p->p_rux.rux_runtime = 0;
643 		p->p_rux.rux_uticks = 0;
644 		p->p_rux.rux_sticks = 0;
645 		p->p_rux.rux_iticks = 0;
646 		PROC_STATUNLOCK(p);
647 		FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td) {
648 			td->td_runtime = 0;
649 		}
650 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
651 	}
652 	sx_sunlock(&allproc_lock);
653 	PCPU_SET(switchtime, cpu_ticks());
654 	PCPU_SET(switchticks, ticks);
655 
656 	/*
657 	 * Give the ``random'' number generator a thump.
658 	 */
659 	nanotime(&ts);
660 	srandom(ts.tv_sec ^ ts.tv_nsec);
661 }
662 SYSINIT(p0post, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC_POST, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_post, NULL);
663 
664 static void
665 random_init(void *dummy __unused)
666 {
667 
668 	/*
669 	 * After CPU has been started we have some randomness on most
670 	 * platforms via get_cyclecount().  For platforms that don't
671 	 * we will reseed random(9) in proc0_post() as well.
672 	 */
673 	srandom(get_cyclecount());
674 }
675 SYSINIT(random, SI_SUB_RANDOM, SI_ORDER_FIRST, random_init, NULL);
676 
677 /*
678  ***************************************************************************
679  ****
680  **** The following SYSINIT's and glue code should be moved to the
681  **** respective files on a per subsystem basis.
682  ****
683  ***************************************************************************
684  */
685 
686 /*
687  * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
688  */
689 static char init_path[MAXPATHLEN] =
690 #ifdef	INIT_PATH
691     __XSTRING(INIT_PATH);
692 #else
693     "/sbin/init:/sbin/oinit:/sbin/init.bak:/rescue/init";
694 #endif
695 SYSCTL_STRING(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_path, CTLFLAG_RD, init_path, 0,
696 	"Path used to search the init process");
697 
698 /*
699  * Shutdown timeout of init(8).
700  * Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8), hence do not remove.
701  */
702 #ifndef INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
703 #define INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT 120
704 #endif
705 static int init_shutdown_timeout = INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT;
706 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_shutdown_timeout,
707 	CTLFLAG_RW, &init_shutdown_timeout, 0, "Shutdown timeout of init(8). "
708 	"Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8)");
709 
710 /*
711  * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in init_path.
712  * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
713  */
714 static void
715 start_init(void *dummy)
716 {
717 	vm_offset_t addr;
718 	struct execve_args args;
719 	int options, error;
720 	size_t pathlen;
721 	char *var, *path;
722 	char *free_init_path, *tmp_init_path;
723 	char *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1;
724 	struct thread *td;
725 	struct proc *p;
726 
727 	TSENTER();	/* Here so we don't overlap with mi_startup. */
728 
729 	td = curthread;
730 	p = td->td_proc;
731 
732 	vfs_mountroot();
733 
734 	/* Wipe GELI passphrase from the environment. */
735 	kern_unsetenv("kern.geom.eli.passphrase");
736 
737 	/*
738 	 * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
739 	 */
740 	addr = p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack - PAGE_SIZE;
741 	if (vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &addr, PAGE_SIZE, 0,
742 	    VMFS_NO_SPACE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0) != 0)
743 		panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
744 	p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)addr;
745 	p->p_vmspace->vm_ssize = 1;
746 
747 	if ((var = kern_getenv("init_path")) != NULL) {
748 		strlcpy(init_path, var, sizeof(init_path));
749 		freeenv(var);
750 	}
751 	free_init_path = tmp_init_path = strdup(init_path, M_TEMP);
752 
753 	while ((path = strsep(&tmp_init_path, ":")) != NULL) {
754 		pathlen = strlen(path) + 1;
755 		if (bootverbose)
756 			printf("start_init: trying %s\n", path);
757 
758 		/*
759 		 * Move out the boot flag argument.
760 		 */
761 		options = 0;
762 		ucp = (char *)p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack;
763 		(void)subyte(--ucp, 0);		/* trailing zero */
764 		if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
765 			(void)subyte(--ucp, 's');
766 			options = 1;
767 		}
768 #ifdef notyet
769                 if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
770 			(void)subyte(--ucp, 'f');
771 			options = 1;
772 		}
773 #endif
774 
775 #ifdef BOOTCDROM
776 		(void)subyte(--ucp, 'C');
777 		options = 1;
778 #endif
779 
780 		if (options == 0)
781 			(void)subyte(--ucp, '-');
782 		(void)subyte(--ucp, '-');		/* leading hyphen */
783 		arg1 = ucp;
784 
785 		/*
786 		 * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
787 		 */
788 		ucp -= pathlen;
789 		copyout(path, ucp, pathlen);
790 		arg0 = ucp;
791 
792 		/*
793 		 * Move out the arg pointers.
794 		 */
795 		uap = (char **)rounddown2((intptr_t)ucp, sizeof(intptr_t));
796 		(void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)0);	/* terminator */
797 		(void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg1);
798 		(void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg0);
799 
800 		/*
801 		 * Point at the arguments.
802 		 */
803 		args.fname = arg0;
804 		args.argv = uap;
805 		args.envv = NULL;
806 
807 		/*
808 		 * Now try to exec the program.  If can't for any reason
809 		 * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
810 		 *
811 		 * Otherwise, return via fork_trampoline() all the way
812 		 * to user mode as init!
813 		 */
814 		if ((error = sys_execve(td, &args)) == EJUSTRETURN) {
815 			free(free_init_path, M_TEMP);
816 			TSEXIT();
817 			return;
818 		}
819 		if (error != ENOENT)
820 			printf("exec %s: error %d\n", path, error);
821 	}
822 	free(free_init_path, M_TEMP);
823 	printf("init: not found in path %s\n", init_path);
824 	panic("no init");
825 }
826 
827 /*
828  * Like kproc_create(), but runs in its own address space.
829  * We do this early to reserve pid 1.
830  *
831  * Note special case - do not make it runnable yet.  Other work
832  * in progress will change this more.
833  */
834 static void
835 create_init(const void *udata __unused)
836 {
837 	struct fork_req fr;
838 	struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
839 	struct thread *td;
840 	int error;
841 
842 	bzero(&fr, sizeof(fr));
843 	fr.fr_flags = RFFDG | RFPROC | RFSTOPPED;
844 	fr.fr_procp = &initproc;
845 	error = fork1(&thread0, &fr);
846 	if (error)
847 		panic("cannot fork init: %d\n", error);
848 	KASSERT(initproc->p_pid == 1, ("create_init: initproc->p_pid != 1"));
849 	/* divorce init's credentials from the kernel's */
850 	newcred = crget();
851 	sx_xlock(&proctree_lock);
852 	PROC_LOCK(initproc);
853 	initproc->p_flag |= P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
854 	initproc->p_treeflag |= P_TREE_REAPER;
855 	oldcred = initproc->p_ucred;
856 	crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
857 #ifdef MAC
858 	mac_cred_create_init(newcred);
859 #endif
860 #ifdef AUDIT
861 	audit_cred_proc1(newcred);
862 #endif
863 	proc_set_cred(initproc, newcred);
864 	td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc);
865 	crfree(td->td_ucred);
866 	td->td_ucred = crhold(initproc->p_ucred);
867 	PROC_UNLOCK(initproc);
868 	sx_xunlock(&proctree_lock);
869 	crfree(oldcred);
870 	cpu_fork_kthread_handler(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc),
871 	    start_init, NULL);
872 }
873 SYSINIT(init, SI_SUB_CREATE_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, create_init, NULL);
874 
875 /*
876  * Make it runnable now.
877  */
878 static void
879 kick_init(const void *udata __unused)
880 {
881 	struct thread *td;
882 
883 	td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc);
884 	thread_lock(td);
885 	TD_SET_CAN_RUN(td);
886 	sched_add(td, SRQ_BORING);
887 	thread_unlock(td);
888 }
889 SYSINIT(kickinit, SI_SUB_KTHREAD_INIT, SI_ORDER_MIDDLE, kick_init, NULL);
890