xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision ae41709ab46305df80f7f35bb478a3c8ebf22ebb)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Mike Muuss.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #if 0
36 #ifndef lint
37 static const char copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
44 #endif /* not lint */
45 #endif
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 
49 /*
50  *			P I N G . C
51  *
52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
54  *
55  * Author -
56  *	Mike Muuss
57  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
58  *	December, 1983
59  *
60  * Status -
61  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
62  * Bugs -
63  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
64  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
65  */
66 
67 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
69 #include <sys/socket.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <sys/time.h>
72 #include <sys/uio.h>
73 
74 #include <netinet/in.h>
75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
80 
81 #include <libcasper.h>
82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
83 
84 #ifdef IPSEC
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
87 
88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
89 #include <ctype.h>
90 #include <err.h>
91 #include <errno.h>
92 #include <math.h>
93 #include <netdb.h>
94 #include <stddef.h>
95 #include <signal.h>
96 #include <stdio.h>
97 #include <stdlib.h>
98 #include <string.h>
99 #include <sysexits.h>
100 #include <time.h>
101 #include <unistd.h>
102 
103 #include "utils.h"
104 
105 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
106 #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
107 #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
108 #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
109 #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
110 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
111 					/* runs out of buffer space */
112 #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
113 #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
114 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
115 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
116 #define	MAXTOS		255
117 
118 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
119 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
120 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
121 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
122 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
123 
124 struct tv32 {
125 	int32_t tv32_sec;
126 	int32_t tv32_nsec;
127 };
128 
129 /* various options */
130 static int options;
131 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
132 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
133 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
134 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
135 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
136 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
137 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
138 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
139 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
140 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
141 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
142 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
143 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
144 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
145 #ifdef IPSEC
146 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
147 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
148 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
149 #endif /*IPSEC*/
150 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
151 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
152 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
153 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
154 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
155 #define	F_TIME		0x100000
156 #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
157 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
158 #define	F_IP_VLAN_PCP	0x800000
159 
160 /*
161  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
162  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
163  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
164  */
165 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
166 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
167 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
168 
169 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
170 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
171 static int maxpayload;
172 static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
173 static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
174 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
175 static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
176 static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
177 static char DOT = '.';
178 static char *hostname;
179 static char *shostname;
180 static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
181 static int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
182 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
183 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
184 static int phdr_len = 0;
185 static int send_len;
186 
187 /* counters */
188 static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
189 static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
190 static long nreceived;		/* # of packets we got back */
191 static long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
192 static long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
193 static long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
194 static long sntransmitted;	/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
195 static int sweepmax;		/* max value of payload in sweep */
196 static int sweepmin = 0;	/* start value of payload in sweep */
197 static int sweepincr = 1;	/* payload increment in sweep */
198 static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets, ms */
199 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
200 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;	/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
201 
202 /* timing */
203 static int timing;		/* flag to do timing */
204 static double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
205 static double tmax = 0.0;	/* maximum round trip time */
206 static double tsum = 0.0;	/* sum of all times, for doing average */
207 static double tsumsq = 0.0;	/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
208 
209 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
210 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
211 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
212 
213 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
214 
215 static void fill(char *, char *);
216 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
217 static void check_status(void);
218 static void finish(void) __dead2;
219 static void pinger(void);
220 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
221 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
222 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const);
223 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
224 static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
225 static void pr_retip(struct ip *, const u_char *);
226 static void status(int);
227 static void stopit(int);
228 static void usage(void) __dead2;
229 
230 int
231 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
232 {
233 	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
234 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
235 	struct timespec last, intvl;
236 	struct iovec iov;
237 	struct msghdr msg;
238 	struct sigaction si_sa;
239 	size_t sz;
240 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
241 	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
242 	struct hostent *hp;
243 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
244 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
245 #endif
246 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
247 	double t;
248 	u_long alarmtimeout;
249 	long ltmp;
250 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
251 	int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl, pcp;
252 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
253 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
254 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
255 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
256 #endif
257 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
258 
259 	payload = source = NULL;
260 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
261 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
262 #endif
263 	cap_rights_t rights;
264 
265 	options |= F_NUMERIC;
266 
267 	/*
268 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
269 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
270 	 * after arg parsing.
271 	 *
272 	 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
273 	 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
274 	 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
275 	 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
276 	 * from different addresses, not from the address we
277 	 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
278 	 * packets.
279 	 */
280 	ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
281 	ssend_errno = errno;
282 	srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
283 	srecv_errno = errno;
284 
285 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
286 		err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
287 	uid = getuid();
288 
289 	if (ssend < 0) {
290 		errno = ssend_errno;
291 		err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
292 	}
293 
294 	if (srecv < 0) {
295 		errno = srecv_errno;
296 		err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
297 	}
298 
299 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = pcp = 0;
300 
301 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
302 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
303 		"AaC:c:DdfG:g:Hh:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
304 #ifdef IPSEC
305 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
306 		"P:"
307 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
308 #endif /*IPSEC*/
309 		)) != -1)
310 	{
311 		switch(ch) {
312 		case 'A':
313 			options |= F_MISSED;
314 			break;
315 		case 'a':
316 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
317 			break;
318 		case 'C':
319 			options |= F_IP_VLAN_PCP;
320 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
321 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > 7 || ltmp < -1)
322 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid PCP: `%s'", optarg);
323 			pcp = ltmp;
324 			break;
325 		case 'c':
326 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
327 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
328 				errx(EX_USAGE,
329 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
330 				    optarg);
331 			npackets = ltmp;
332 			break;
333 		case 'D':
334 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
335 			df = 1;
336 			break;
337 		case 'd':
338 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
339 			break;
340 		case 'f':
341 			if (uid) {
342 				errno = EPERM;
343 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
344 			}
345 			options |= F_FLOOD;
346 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
347 			break;
348 		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
349 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
350 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
351 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
352 				    optarg);
353 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
354 				errno = EPERM;
355 				err(EX_NOPERM,
356 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
357 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
358 			}
359 			options |= F_SWEEP;
360 			sweepmax = ltmp;
361 			break;
362 		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
363 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
364 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
365 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
366 				    optarg);
367 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
368 				errno = EPERM;
369 				err(EX_NOPERM,
370 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
371 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
372 			}
373 			options |= F_SWEEP;
374 			sweepmin = ltmp;
375 			break;
376 		case 'H':
377 			options &= ~F_NUMERIC;
378 			break;
379 		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
380 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
381 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 1)
382 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
383 				    optarg);
384 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
385 				errno = EPERM;
386 				err(EX_NOPERM,
387 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
388 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
389 			}
390 			options |= F_SWEEP;
391 			sweepincr = ltmp;
392 			break;
393 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
394 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
395 				errx(EX_USAGE,
396 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
397 				    optarg);
398 			options |= F_MIF;
399 			break;
400 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
401 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
402 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
403 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
404 				    optarg);
405 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
406 			interval = (int)t;
407 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
408 				errno = EPERM;
409 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
410 			}
411 			break;
412 		case 'L':
413 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
414 			loop = 0;
415 			break;
416 		case 'l':
417 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
418 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
419 				errx(EX_USAGE,
420 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
421 			if (uid) {
422 				errno = EPERM;
423 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
424 			}
425 			preload = ltmp;
426 			break;
427 		case 'M':
428 			switch(optarg[0]) {
429 			case 'M':
430 			case 'm':
431 				options |= F_MASK;
432 				break;
433 			case 'T':
434 			case 't':
435 				options |= F_TIME;
436 				break;
437 			default:
438 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
439 				break;
440 			}
441 			break;
442 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
443 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
444 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
445 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
446 			ttl = ltmp;
447 			options |= F_TTL;
448 			break;
449 		case 'n':
450 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
451 			break;
452 		case 'o':
453 			options |= F_ONCE;
454 			break;
455 #ifdef IPSEC
456 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
457 		case 'P':
458 			options |= F_POLICY;
459 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
460 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
461 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
462 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
463 			else
464 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
465 			break;
466 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
467 #endif /*IPSEC*/
468 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
469 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
470 			payload = optarg;
471 			break;
472 		case 'Q':
473 			options |= F_QUIET2;
474 			break;
475 		case 'q':
476 			options |= F_QUIET;
477 			break;
478 		case 'R':
479 			options |= F_RROUTE;
480 			break;
481 		case 'r':
482 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
483 			break;
484 		case 'S':
485 			source = optarg;
486 			break;
487 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
488 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
489 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
490 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
491 				    optarg);
492 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
493 				errno = EPERM;
494 				err(EX_NOPERM,
495 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
496 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
497 			}
498 			datalen = ltmp;
499 			break;
500 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
501 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
502 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
503 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
504 				    optarg);
505 			mttl = ltmp;
506 			options |= F_MTTL;
507 			break;
508 		case 't':
509 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
510 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
511 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
512 				    optarg);
513 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
514 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
515 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
516 			{
517 				struct itimerval itv;
518 
519 				timerclear(&itv.it_interval);
520 				timerclear(&itv.it_value);
521 				itv.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)alarmtimeout;
522 				if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) != 0)
523 					err(1, "setitimer");
524 			}
525 			break;
526 		case 'v':
527 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
528 			break;
529 		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
530 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
531 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
532 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
533 				    optarg);
534 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
535 			waittime = (int)t;
536 			break;
537 		case 'z':
538 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
539 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
540 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
541 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
542 			tos = ltmp;
543 			break;
544 		default:
545 			usage();
546 		}
547 	}
548 
549 	if (argc - optind != 1)
550 		usage();
551 	target = argv[optind];
552 
553 	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
554 	case 0: break;
555 	case F_MASK:
556 		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
557 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
558 		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
559 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
560 			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
561 		break;
562 	case F_TIME:
563 		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
564 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
565 		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
566 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
567 			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
568 		break;
569 	default:
570 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
571 		break;
572 	}
573 	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
574 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
575 		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
576 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
577 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
578 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
579 		    maxpayload);
580 	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
581 	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
582 	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
583 		fill((char *)datap, payload);
584 	}
585 	capdns = capdns_setup();
586 	if (source) {
587 		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
588 		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
589 		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
590 			shostname = source;
591 		} else {
592 			hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
593 			if (!hp)
594 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
595 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
596 
597 			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
598 			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
599 			    hp->h_length < 0)
600 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
601 			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
602 			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
603 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
604 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
605 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
606 			shostname = snamebuf;
607 		}
608 		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
609 		    -1)
610 			err(1, "bind");
611 	}
612 
613 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
614 	to = &whereto;
615 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
616 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
617 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
618 		hostname = target;
619 	} else {
620 		hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
621 		if (!hp)
622 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
623 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
624 
625 		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
626 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
627 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
628 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
629 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
630 		hostname = hnamebuf;
631 	}
632 
633 	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
634 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
635 	if (capdns != NULL) {
636 		const char *types[1];
637 
638 		types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
639 		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
640 			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
641 	}
642 #endif
643 	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
644 		err(1, "connect");
645 
646 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
647 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
648 
649 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
650 		errx(EX_USAGE,
651 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
652 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
653 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
654 		errx(EX_USAGE,
655 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
656 
657 	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
658 		timing = 1;
659 
660 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
661 		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
662 			*datap++ = i;
663 
664 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
665 
666 	hold = 1;
667 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
668 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
669 		    sizeof(hold));
670 		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
671 		    sizeof(hold));
672 	}
673 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
674 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
675 		    sizeof(hold));
676 	if (options & F_IP_VLAN_PCP) {
677 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_VLAN_PCP, (char *)&pcp,
678 		    sizeof(pcp));
679 	}
680 #ifdef IPSEC
681 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
682 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
683 		char *buf;
684 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
685 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
686 			if (buf == NULL)
687 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
688 			if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
689 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
690 				err(EX_CONFIG,
691 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
692 			free(buf);
693 		}
694 
695 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
696 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
697 			if (buf == NULL)
698 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
699 			if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
700 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
701 				err(EX_CONFIG,
702 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
703 			free(buf);
704 		}
705 	}
706 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
707 #endif /*IPSEC*/
708 
709 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
710 		struct ip ip;
711 
712 		memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip));
713 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
714 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
715 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
716 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
717 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
718 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
719 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
720 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
721 		}
722 		setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
723 		ip.ip_v = IPVERSION;
724 		ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
725 		ip.ip_tos = tos;
726 		ip.ip_id = 0;
727 		ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
728 		ip.ip_ttl = ttl;
729 		ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
730 		ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
731 		ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
732 		memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip));
733         }
734 
735 	/*
736 	 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
737 	 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
738 	 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
739 	 */
740 	caph_cache_catpages();
741 	if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
742 		err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
743 
744 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
745 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
746 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
747 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
748 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
749 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
750 
751 	/* record route option */
752 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
753 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
754 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
755 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
756 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
757 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
758 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
759 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
760 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
761 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
762 #else
763 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
764 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
765 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
766 	}
767 
768 	if (options & F_TTL) {
769 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
770 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
771 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
772 		}
773 	}
774 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
775 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
776 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
777 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
778 		}
779 	}
780 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
781 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
782 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
783 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
784 		}
785 	}
786 	if (options & F_MIF) {
787 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
788 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
789 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
790 		}
791 	}
792 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
793 	{
794 		int on = 1;
795 		int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
796 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
797 		    sizeof(on)) < 0)
798 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
799 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
800 		    sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
801 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
802 	}
803 #endif
804 	if (sweepmax) {
805 		if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
806 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
807 
808 		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
809 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
810 
811 		if (npackets > 0) {
812 			snpackets = npackets;
813 			npackets = 0;
814 		} else
815 			snpackets = 1;
816 		datalen = sweepmin;
817 		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
818 	}
819 	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
820 		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
821 
822 	/*
823 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
824 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
825 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
826 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
827 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
828 	 */
829 
830 	/*
831 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
832 	 * as well.
833 	 */
834 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
835 	(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
836 	    sizeof(hold));
837 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
838 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
839 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
840 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
841 	if (uid == 0)
842 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
843 		    sizeof(hold));
844 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
845 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
846 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
847 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
848 
849 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
850 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
851 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
852 		if (source)
853 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
854 		if (sweepmax)
855 			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
856 			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
857 		else
858 			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
859 
860 	} else {
861 		if (sweepmax)
862 			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
863 			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
864 		else
865 			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
866 	}
867 
868 	/*
869 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
870 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
871 	 */
872 
873 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
874 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
875 
876 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
877 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
878 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
879 	}
880 
881 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
882 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
883 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
884 	}
885 
886         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
887 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
888 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
889 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
890         }
891 
892 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
893 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
894 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
895 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
896 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
897 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
898 	msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
899 #endif
900 	iov.iov_base = packet;
901 	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
902 
903 	if (preload == 0)
904 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
905 	else {
906 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
907 			preload = npackets;
908 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
909 			pinger();
910 	}
911 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
912 
913 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
914 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
915 		intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
916 	} else {
917 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
918 		intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
919 	}
920 
921 	almost_done = 0;
922 	while (!finish_up) {
923 		struct timespec now, timeout;
924 		fd_set rfds;
925 		int n;
926 		ssize_t cc;
927 
928 		check_status();
929 		if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
930 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
931 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
932 		FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
933 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
934 		timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
935 		timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
936 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
937 			timespecclear(&timeout);
938 		n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
939 		if (n < 0)
940 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
941 		if (n == 1) {
942 			struct timespec *tv = NULL;
943 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
944 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
945 #endif
946 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
947 			if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
948 				if (errno == EINTR)
949 					continue;
950 				warn("recvmsg");
951 				continue;
952 			}
953 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
954 			if (cmsg != NULL &&
955 			    cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
956 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
957 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
958 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
959 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
960 				tv = &now;
961 			}
962 #endif
963 			if (tv == NULL) {
964 				(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
965 				tv = &now;
966 			}
967 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
968 			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
969 			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
970 				break;
971 		}
972 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
973 			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
974 				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
975 					*datap++ = i;
976 				datalen += sweepincr;
977 				if (datalen > sweepmax)
978 					break;
979 				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
980 				sntransmitted = 0;
981 			}
982 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
983 				pinger();
984 			else {
985 				if (almost_done)
986 					break;
987 				almost_done = 1;
988 				intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
989 				if (nreceived) {
990 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
991 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
992 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
993 				} else {
994 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
995 					intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
996 				}
997 			}
998 			(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
999 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
1000 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1001 				if (options & F_MISSED)
1002 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1003 			}
1004 		}
1005 	}
1006 	finish();
1007 	/* NOTREACHED */
1008 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
1009 }
1010 
1011 /*
1012  * stopit --
1013  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1014  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1015  * to be called from a signal handler.
1016  */
1017 void
1018 stopit(int sig __unused)
1019 {
1020 
1021 	/*
1022 	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1023 	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1024 	 */
1025 	if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1026 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1027 	finish_up = 1;
1028 }
1029 
1030 /*
1031  * pinger --
1032  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1033  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1034  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1035  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1036  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1037  */
1038 static void
1039 pinger(void)
1040 {
1041 	struct timespec now;
1042 	struct tv32 tv32;
1043 	struct icmp icp;
1044 	int cc, i;
1045 	u_char *packet;
1046 
1047 	packet = outpack;
1048 	memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1049 	icp.icmp_type = icmp_type;
1050 	icp.icmp_code = 0;
1051 	icp.icmp_cksum = 0;
1052 	icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1053 	icp.icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
1054 
1055 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1056 
1057 	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1058 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1059 		/*
1060 		 * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1061 		 * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1062 		 * packet. We're only concerned with
1063 		 * durations, not absolute times.
1064 		 */
1065 		tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1066 		tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1067 		if (options & F_TIME)
1068 			icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1069 				* 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1070 		if (timing)
1071 			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1072 			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1073 			    sizeof(tv32));
1074 	}
1075 
1076 	memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1077 
1078 	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1079 
1080 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
1081 	icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc);
1082 	/* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1083 	memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum,
1084 	    sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum));
1085 
1086 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1087 		struct ip ip;
1088 
1089 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1090 		ip.ip_len = htons(cc);
1091 		/* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */
1092 		memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len,
1093 		    sizeof(ip.ip_len));
1094 		ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1095 		/* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1096 		memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum,
1097 		    sizeof(ip.ip_sum));
1098 		packet = outpackhdr;
1099 	}
1100 	i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1101 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1102 		if (i < 0) {
1103 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1104 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1105 				return;
1106 			}
1107 			warn("sendto");
1108 		} else {
1109 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1110 			     hostname, i, cc);
1111 		}
1112 	}
1113 	ntransmitted++;
1114 	sntransmitted++;
1115 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1116 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1117 }
1118 
1119 /*
1120  * pr_pack --
1121  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1122  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1123  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1124  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1125  */
1126 static void
1127 pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1128 {
1129 	struct in_addr ina;
1130 	u_char *cp, *dp, l;
1131 	struct icmp icp;
1132 	struct ip ip;
1133 	const u_char *icmp_data_raw;
1134 	double triptime;
1135 	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len;
1136 	uint16_t seq;
1137 	static int old_rrlen;
1138 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1139 	struct ip oip;
1140 	u_char oip_header_len;
1141 	struct icmp oicmp;
1142 	const u_char *oicmp_raw;
1143 
1144 	/*
1145 	 * Get size of IP header of the received packet. The
1146 	 * information is contained in the lower four bits of the
1147 	 * first byte.
1148 	 */
1149 	memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l));
1150 	hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2;
1151 	memcpy(&ip, buf, hlen);
1152 
1153 	/* Check the IP header */
1154 	recv_len = cc;
1155 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1156 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1157 			warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc,
1158 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1159 		return;
1160 	}
1161 
1162 #ifndef icmp_data
1163 	icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_ip);
1164 #else
1165 	icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data);
1166 #endif
1167 
1168 	/* Now the ICMP part */
1169 	cc -= hlen;
1170 	memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc));
1171 	if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1172 		if (icp.icmp_id != ident)
1173 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1174 		++nreceived;
1175 		triptime = 0.0;
1176 		if (timing) {
1177 			struct timespec tv1;
1178 			struct tv32 tv32;
1179 			const u_char *tp;
1180 
1181 			tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len;
1182 
1183 			if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1184 			    sizeof(tv1)) {
1185 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1186 				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1187 				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1188 				tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1189 				timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1190  				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1191 				    ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1192 				tsum += triptime;
1193 				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1194 				if (triptime < tmin)
1195 					tmin = triptime;
1196 				if (triptime > tmax)
1197 					tmax = triptime;
1198 			} else
1199 				timing = 0;
1200 		}
1201 
1202 		seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq);
1203 
1204 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1205 			++nrepeats;
1206 			--nreceived;
1207 			dupflag = 1;
1208 		} else {
1209 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1210 			dupflag = 0;
1211 		}
1212 
1213 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1214 			return;
1215 
1216 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1217 			++nrcvtimeout;
1218 			return;
1219 		}
1220 
1221 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1222 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1223 		else {
1224 			(void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1225 			    pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
1226 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl);
1227 			if (timing)
1228 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1229 			if (dupflag)
1230 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1231 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1232 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1233 			if (options & F_MASK) {
1234 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1235 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1236 					inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask)));
1237 			}
1238 			if (options & F_TIME) {
1239 				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime));
1240 				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime));
1241 				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime));
1242 			}
1243 			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1244                         	(void)printf(
1245 				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1246 				     recv_len, send_len);
1247 			}
1248 			/* check the data */
1249 			cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp,
1250 				icmp_data) + phdr_len);
1251 			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1252 			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1253 			i = 0;
1254 			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1255 				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1256 				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1257 				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1258 				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1259 			}
1260 			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1261 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1262 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1263 	    i, *dp, *cp);
1264 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1265 					cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen +
1266 					    offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1267 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1268 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1269 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1270 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1271 					}
1272 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1273 					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1274 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1275 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1276 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1277 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1278 					}
1279 					break;
1280 				}
1281 			}
1282 		}
1283 	} else {
1284 		/*
1285 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1286 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1287 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1288 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1289 		 *
1290 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1291 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1292 		 * available to those not running as root.
1293 		 */
1294 		memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len));
1295 		oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2;
1296 		memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, oip_header_len);
1297 		oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len;
1298 		memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_id) +
1299 		    sizeof(oicmp.icmp_id));
1300 
1301 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1302 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1303 		     (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1304 		     (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1305 		     (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1306 		     (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) {
1307 		    (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc,
1308 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1309 		    pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, oicmp_raw);
1310 		} else
1311 		    return;
1312 	}
1313 
1314 	/* Display any IP options */
1315 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1316 
1317 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1318 		switch (*cp) {
1319 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1320 			hlen = 0;
1321 			break;
1322 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1323 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1324 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1325 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1326 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1327 			hlen -= 2;
1328 			cp += 2;
1329 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1330 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1331 				for (;;) {
1332 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1333 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1334 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1335 					else
1336 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1337 						     pr_addr(ina));
1338 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1339 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1340 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1341 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1342 						break;
1343 					(void)putchar('\n');
1344 				}
1345 			} else
1346 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1347 			break;
1348 		case IPOPT_RR:
1349 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1350 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1351 			hlen -= 2;
1352 			cp += 2;
1353 			if (i > j)
1354 				i = j;
1355 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1356 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1357 				old_rrlen = 0;
1358 				continue;
1359 			}
1360 			if (i == old_rrlen
1361 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1362 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1363 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1364 				hlen -= i;
1365 				cp += i;
1366 				break;
1367 			}
1368 			old_rrlen = i;
1369 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1370 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1371 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1372 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1373 				for (;;) {
1374 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1375 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1376 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1377 					else
1378 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1379 						     pr_addr(ina));
1380 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1381 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1382 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1383 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1384 						break;
1385 					(void)putchar('\n');
1386 				}
1387 			} else
1388 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1389 			break;
1390 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1391 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1392 			break;
1393 		default:
1394 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1395 			break;
1396 		}
1397 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1398 		(void)putchar('\n');
1399 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1400 	}
1401 }
1402 
1403 /*
1404  * status --
1405  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1406  */
1407 
1408 static void
1409 status(int sig __unused)
1410 {
1411 
1412 	siginfo_p = 1;
1413 }
1414 
1415 static void
1416 check_status(void)
1417 {
1418 
1419 	if (siginfo_p) {
1420 		siginfo_p = 0;
1421 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1422 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1423 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1424 		if (nreceived && timing)
1425 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1426 			    tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1427 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1428 	}
1429 }
1430 
1431 /*
1432  * finish --
1433  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1434  */
1435 static void
1436 finish(void)
1437 {
1438 
1439 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1440 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1441 	(void)putchar('\n');
1442 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1443 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1444 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1445 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1446 	if (nrepeats)
1447 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1448 	if (ntransmitted) {
1449 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1450 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1451 		else
1452 			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1453 			    ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1454 			    ntransmitted);
1455 	}
1456 	if (nrcvtimeout)
1457 		(void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1458 	(void)putchar('\n');
1459 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1460 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1461 		double avg = tsum / n;
1462 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1463 		(void)printf(
1464 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1465 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1466 	}
1467 
1468 	if (nreceived)
1469 		exit(0);
1470 	else
1471 		exit(2);
1472 }
1473 
1474 #ifdef notdef
1475 static char *ttab[] = {
1476 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1477 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1478 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1479 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1480 	"Echo",
1481 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1482 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1483 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1484 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1485 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1486 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1487 };
1488 #endif
1489 
1490 /*
1491  * pr_icmph --
1492  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1493  */
1494 static void
1495 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw)
1496 {
1497 
1498 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1499 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1500 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1501 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1502 		break;
1503 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1504 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1505 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1506 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1507 			break;
1508 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1509 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1510 			break;
1511 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1512 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1513 			break;
1514 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1515 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1516 			break;
1517 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1518 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1519 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1520 			break;
1521 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1522 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1523 			break;
1524 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1525 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1526 			break;
1527 		default:
1528 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1529 			    icp->icmp_code);
1530 			break;
1531 		}
1532 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1533 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1534 		break;
1535 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1536 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1537 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1538 		break;
1539 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1540 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1541 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1542 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1543 			break;
1544 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1545 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1546 			break;
1547 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1548 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1549 			break;
1550 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1551 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1552 			break;
1553 		default:
1554 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1555 			break;
1556 		}
1557 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1558 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1559 		break;
1560 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1561 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1562 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1563 		break;
1564 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1565 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1566 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1567 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1568 			break;
1569 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1570 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1571 			break;
1572 		default:
1573 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1574 			    icp->icmp_code);
1575 			break;
1576 		}
1577 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1578 		break;
1579 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1580 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1581 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1582 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1583 		break;
1584 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1585 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1586 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1587 		break;
1588 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1589 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1590 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1591 		break;
1592 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1593 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1594 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1595 		break;
1596 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1597 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1598 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1599 		break;
1600 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1601 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1602 		break;
1603 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1604 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1605 		break;
1606 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1607 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1608 		break;
1609 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1610 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1611 		break;
1612 	default:
1613 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1614 	}
1615 }
1616 
1617 /*
1618  * pr_iph --
1619  *	Print an IP header with options.
1620  */
1621 static void
1622 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1623 {
1624 	struct in_addr ina;
1625 	u_char *cp;
1626 	int hlen;
1627 
1628 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1629 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1630 
1631 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1632 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1633 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1634 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1635 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1636 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1637 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1638 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1639 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1640 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1641 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1642 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1643 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1644 	/* dump any option bytes */
1645 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1646 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1647 	}
1648 	(void)putchar('\n');
1649 }
1650 
1651 /*
1652  * pr_addr --
1653  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1654  * a hostname.
1655  */
1656 static char *
1657 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1658 {
1659 	struct hostent *hp;
1660 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1661 
1662 	if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1663 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1664 
1665 	hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1666 
1667 	if (hp == NULL)
1668 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1669 
1670 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1671 	    inet_ntoa(ina));
1672 	return(buf);
1673 }
1674 
1675 /*
1676  * pr_retip --
1677  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1678  */
1679 static void
1680 pr_retip(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp)
1681 {
1682 	pr_iph(ip);
1683 
1684 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1685 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1686 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1687 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1688 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1689 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1690 }
1691 
1692 static char *
1693 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1694 {
1695 	static char buf[11];
1696 	int hour, min, sec;
1697 
1698 	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1699 	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1700 	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1701 	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1702 
1703 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1704 
1705 	return (buf);
1706 }
1707 
1708 static void
1709 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1710 {
1711 	char *cp;
1712 	int pat[16];
1713 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1714 
1715 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1716 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1717 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1718 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1719 
1720 	}
1721 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1722 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1723 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1724 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1725 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1726 
1727 	if (ii > 0)
1728 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1729 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1730 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1731 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1732 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1733 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1734 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1735 		(void)printf("\n");
1736 	}
1737 }
1738 
1739 static cap_channel_t *
1740 capdns_setup(void)
1741 {
1742 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1743 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1744 	const char *types[2];
1745 	int families[1];
1746 #endif
1747 	capcas = cap_init();
1748 	if (capcas == NULL)
1749 		err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1750 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1751 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1752 	cap_close(capcas);
1753 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1754 		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1755 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1756 	types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1757 	types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1758 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1759 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1760 	families[0] = AF_INET;
1761 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1762 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1763 #endif
1764 	return (capdnsloc);
1765 }
1766 
1767 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1768 #define	SECOPT		" [-P policy]"
1769 #else
1770 #define	SECOPT		""
1771 #endif
1772 static void
1773 usage(void)
1774 {
1775 
1776 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1777 "usage: ping [-AaDdfHnoQqRrv] [-C pcp] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1778 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1779 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1780 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1781 "       ping [-AaDdfHLnoQqRrv] [-C pcp] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1782 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1783 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1784 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1785 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1786 }
1787