xref: /freebsd/sbin/dump/main.c (revision 9517e866259191fcd39434a97ad849a9b59b9b9f)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef lint
31 static const char copyright[] =
32 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
33 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
34 #endif /* not lint */
35 
36 #ifndef lint
37 #if 0
38 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)main.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
39 #endif
40 static const char rcsid[] =
41   "$FreeBSD$";
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 
44 #include <sys/param.h>
45 #include <sys/stat.h>
46 #include <sys/time.h>
47 #include <sys/mount.h>
48 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
49 
50 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
51 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
52 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
53 
54 #include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
55 
56 #include <ctype.h>
57 #include <err.h>
58 #include <errno.h>
59 #include <fcntl.h>
60 #include <fstab.h>
61 #include <limits.h>
62 #include <signal.h>
63 #include <stdint.h>
64 #include <stdio.h>
65 #include <stdlib.h>
66 #include <string.h>
67 #include <timeconv.h>
68 #include <unistd.h>
69 
70 #include "dump.h"
71 #include "pathnames.h"
72 
73 int	notify = 0;	/* notify operator flag */
74 int	snapdump = 0;	/* dumping live filesystem, so use snapshot */
75 int	blockswritten = 0;	/* number of blocks written on current tape */
76 int	tapeno = 0;	/* current tape number */
77 int	density = 0;	/* density in bytes/0.1" " <- this is for hilit19 */
78 int	ntrec = NTREC;	/* # tape blocks in each tape record */
79 int	cartridge = 0;	/* Assume non-cartridge tape */
80 int	cachesize = 0;	/* block cache size (in bytes), defaults to 0 */
81 long	dev_bsize = 1;	/* recalculated below */
82 long	blocksperfile;	/* output blocks per file */
83 char	*host = NULL;	/* remote host (if any) */
84 
85 /*
86  * Possible superblock locations ordered from most to least likely.
87  */
88 static int sblock_try[] = SBLOCKSEARCH;
89 
90 static char *getmntpt(char *, int *);
91 static long numarg(const char *, long, long);
92 static void obsolete(int *, char **[]);
93 static void usage(void) __dead2;
94 
95 int
96 main(int argc, char *argv[])
97 {
98 	struct stat sb;
99 	ino_t ino;
100 	int dirty;
101 	union dinode *dp;
102 	struct fstab *dt;
103 	char *map, *mntpt;
104 	int ch, mode, mntflags;
105 	int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, honorlevel = 1;
106 	int just_estimate = 0;
107 	ino_t maxino;
108 	char *tmsg;
109 
110 	spcl.c_date = _time_to_time64(time(NULL));
111 
112 	tsize = 0;	/* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */
113 	dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES;
114 	popenout = NULL;
115 	tape = NULL;
116 	temp = _PATH_DTMP;
117 	if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0)
118 		quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE\n");
119 	level = 0;
120 	rsync_friendly = 0;
121 
122 	if (argc < 2)
123 		usage();
124 
125 	obsolete(&argc, &argv);
126 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
127 	    "0123456789aB:b:C:cD:d:f:h:LnP:RrSs:T:uWw")) != -1)
128 		switch (ch) {
129 		/* dump level */
130 		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
131 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
132 			level = 10 * level + ch - '0';
133 			break;
134 
135 		case 'a':		/* `auto-size', Write to EOM. */
136 			unlimited = 1;
137 			break;
138 
139 		case 'B':		/* blocks per output file */
140 			blocksperfile = numarg("number of blocks per file",
141 			    1L, 0L);
142 			break;
143 
144 		case 'b':		/* blocks per tape write */
145 			ntrec = numarg("number of blocks per write",
146 			    1L, 1000L);
147 			break;
148 
149 		case 'C':
150 			cachesize = numarg("cachesize", 0, 0) * 1024 * 1024;
151 			break;
152 
153 		case 'c':		/* Tape is cart. not 9-track */
154 			cartridge = 1;
155 			break;
156 
157 		case 'D':
158 			dumpdates = optarg;
159 			break;
160 
161 		case 'd':		/* density, in bits per inch */
162 			density = numarg("density", 10L, 327670L) / 10;
163 			if (density >= 625 && !bflag)
164 				ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC;
165 			break;
166 
167 		case 'f':		/* output file */
168 			if (popenout != NULL)
169 				errx(X_STARTUP, "You cannot use the P and f "
170 				    "flags together.\n");
171 			tape = optarg;
172 			break;
173 
174 		case 'h':
175 			honorlevel = numarg("honor level", 0L, 10L);
176 			break;
177 
178 		case 'L':
179 			snapdump = 1;
180 			break;
181 
182 		case 'n':		/* notify operators */
183 			notify = 1;
184 			break;
185 
186 		case 'P':
187 			if (tape != NULL)
188 				errx(X_STARTUP, "You cannot use the P and f "
189 				    "flags together.\n");
190 			popenout = optarg;
191 			break;
192 
193 		case 'r': /* store slightly less data to be friendly to rsync */
194 			if (rsync_friendly < 1)
195 				rsync_friendly = 1;
196 			break;
197 
198 		case 'R': /* store even less data to be friendlier to rsync */
199 			if (rsync_friendly < 2)
200 				rsync_friendly = 2;
201 			break;
202 
203 		case 'S':               /* exit after estimating # of tapes */
204 			just_estimate = 1;
205 			break;
206 
207 		case 's':		/* tape size, feet */
208 			tsize = numarg("tape size", 1L, 0L) * 12 * 10;
209 			break;
210 
211 		case 'T':		/* time of last dump */
212 			spcl.c_ddate = unctime(optarg);
213 			if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) {
214 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n",
215 				    optarg);
216 				exit(X_STARTUP);
217 			}
218 			Tflag = 1;
219 			lastlevel = -1;
220 			break;
221 
222 		case 'u':		/* update /etc/dumpdates */
223 			uflag = 1;
224 			break;
225 
226 		case 'W':		/* what to do */
227 		case 'w':
228 			lastdump(ch);
229 			exit(X_FINOK);	/* do nothing else */
230 
231 		default:
232 			usage();
233 		}
234 	argc -= optind;
235 	argv += optind;
236 
237 	if (argc < 1) {
238 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Must specify disk or file system\n");
239 		exit(X_STARTUP);
240 	}
241 	disk = *argv++;
242 	argc--;
243 	if (argc >= 1) {
244 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Unknown arguments to dump:");
245 		while (argc--)
246 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++);
247 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
248 		exit(X_STARTUP);
249 	}
250 	if (rsync_friendly && (level > 0)) {
251 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", "rsync friendly options",
252 		    "can be used only with level 0 dumps.");
253 		exit(X_STARTUP);
254 	}
255 	if (Tflag && uflag) {
256 	        (void)fprintf(stderr,
257 		    "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n");
258 		exit(X_STARTUP);
259 	}
260 	if (popenout) {
261 		tape = "child pipeline process";
262 	} else if (tape == NULL && (tape = getenv("TAPE")) == NULL)
263 		tape = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
264 	if (strcmp(tape, "-") == 0) {
265 		pipeout++;
266 		tape = "standard output";
267 	}
268 
269 	if (blocksperfile)
270 		blocksperfile = blocksperfile / ntrec * ntrec; /* round down */
271 	else if (!unlimited) {
272 		/*
273 		 * Determine how to default tape size and density
274 		 *
275 		 *         	density				tape size
276 		 * 9-track	1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
277 		 * 9-track	6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
278 		 * cartridge	8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1")	1700 ft.
279 		 *						(450*4 - slop)
280 		 * hilit19 hits again: "
281 		 */
282 		if (density == 0)
283 			density = cartridge ? 100 : 160;
284 		if (tsize == 0)
285 			tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L;
286 	}
287 
288 	if (strchr(tape, ':')) {
289 		host = tape;
290 		tape = strchr(host, ':');
291 		*tape++ = '\0';
292 #ifdef RDUMP
293 		if (index(tape, '\n')) {
294 		    (void)fprintf(stderr, "invalid characters in tape\n");
295 		    exit(X_STARTUP);
296 		}
297 		if (rmthost(host) == 0)
298 			exit(X_STARTUP);
299 #else
300 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n");
301 		exit(X_STARTUP);
302 #endif
303 	}
304 	(void)setuid(getuid()); /* rmthost() is the only reason to be setuid */
305 
306 	if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
307 		signal(SIGHUP, sig);
308 	if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
309 		signal(SIGTRAP, sig);
310 	if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
311 		signal(SIGFPE, sig);
312 	if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
313 		signal(SIGBUS, sig);
314 	if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
315 		signal(SIGSEGV, sig);
316 	if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
317 		signal(SIGTERM, sig);
318 	if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN)
319 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
320 
321 	dump_getfstab();	/* /etc/fstab snarfed */
322 	/*
323 	 *	disk can be either the full special file name,
324 	 *	the suffix of the special file name,
325 	 *	the special name missing the leading '/',
326 	 *	the file system name with or without the leading '/'.
327 	 */
328 	dt = fstabsearch(disk);
329 	if (dt != NULL) {
330 		disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec);
331  		if (disk == NULL)
332  			errx(X_STARTUP, "%s: unknown file system", dt->fs_spec);
333 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN);
334 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, dt->fs_file, NAMELEN);
335 	} else {
336 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, NAMELEN);
337 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system",
338 		    NAMELEN);
339 	}
340 	spcl.c_dev[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
341 	spcl.c_filesys[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
342 
343 	if ((mntpt = getmntpt(disk, &mntflags)) != 0) {
344 		if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY) {
345 			if (snapdump != 0) {
346 				msg("WARNING: %s\n",
347 				    "-L ignored for read-only filesystem.");
348 				snapdump = 0;
349 			}
350 		} else if (snapdump == 0) {
351 			msg("WARNING: %s\n",
352 			    "should use -L when dumping live read-write "
353 			    "filesystems!");
354 		} else {
355 			char snapname[BUFSIZ], snapcmd[BUFSIZ];
356 
357 			snprintf(snapname, sizeof snapname, "%s/.snap", mntpt);
358 			if ((stat(snapname, &sb) < 0) || !S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
359 				msg("WARNING: %s %s\n",
360 				    "-L requested but snapshot location",
361 				    snapname);
362 				msg("         %s: %s\n",
363 				    "is not a directory",
364 				    "dump downgraded, -L ignored");
365 				snapdump = 0;
366 			} else {
367 				snprintf(snapname, sizeof snapname,
368 				    "%s/.snap/dump_snapshot", mntpt);
369 				snprintf(snapcmd, sizeof snapcmd, "%s %s %s",
370 				    _PATH_MKSNAP_FFS, mntpt, snapname);
371 				unlink(snapname);
372 				if (system(snapcmd) != 0)
373 					errx(X_STARTUP, "Cannot create %s: %s\n",
374 					    snapname, strerror(errno));
375 				if ((diskfd = open(snapname, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
376 					unlink(snapname);
377 					errx(X_STARTUP, "Cannot open %s: %s\n",
378 					    snapname, strerror(errno));
379 				}
380 				unlink(snapname);
381 				if (fstat(diskfd, &sb) != 0)
382 					err(X_STARTUP, "%s: stat", snapname);
383 				spcl.c_date = _time_to_time64(sb.st_mtime);
384 			}
385 		}
386 	} else if (snapdump != 0) {
387 		msg("WARNING: Cannot use -L on an unmounted filesystem.\n");
388 		snapdump = 0;
389 	}
390 	if (snapdump == 0) {
391 		if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
392 			err(X_STARTUP, "Cannot open %s", disk);
393 		if (fstat(diskfd, &sb) != 0)
394 			err(X_STARTUP, "%s: stat", disk);
395 		if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
396 			errx(X_STARTUP, "%s: unknown file system", disk);
397 	}
398 
399 	(void)strcpy(spcl.c_label, "none");
400 	(void)gethostname(spcl.c_host, NAMELEN);
401 	spcl.c_level = level;
402 	spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE;
403 	if (rsync_friendly) {
404 		/* don't store real dump times */
405 		spcl.c_date = 0;
406 		spcl.c_ddate = 0;
407 	}
408 	if (spcl.c_date == 0) {
409 		tmsg = "the epoch\n";
410 	} else {
411 		time_t t = _time64_to_time(spcl.c_date);
412 		tmsg = ctime(&t);
413 	}
414 	msg("Date of this level %d dump: %s", level, tmsg);
415 
416 	if (!Tflag && (!rsync_friendly))
417 	        getdumptime();		/* /etc/dumpdates snarfed */
418 	if (spcl.c_ddate == 0) {
419 		tmsg = "the epoch\n";
420 	} else {
421 		time_t t = _time64_to_time(spcl.c_ddate);
422 		tmsg = ctime(&t);
423 	}
424 	if (lastlevel < 0)
425 		msg("Date of last (level unknown) dump: %s", tmsg);
426 	else
427 		msg("Date of last level %d dump: %s", lastlevel, tmsg);
428 
429 	msg("Dumping %s%s ", snapdump ? "snapshot of ": "", disk);
430 	if (dt != NULL)
431 		msgtail("(%s) ", dt->fs_file);
432 	if (host)
433 		msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host);
434 	else
435 		msgtail("to %s\n", tape);
436 
437 	sync();
438 	sblock = (struct fs *)sblock_buf;
439 	for (i = 0; sblock_try[i] != -1; i++) {
440 		sblock->fs_fsize = SBLOCKSIZE; /* needed in bread */
441 		bread(sblock_try[i] >> dev_bshift, (char *) sblock, SBLOCKSIZE);
442 		if ((sblock->fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC ||
443 		     (sblock->fs_magic == FS_UFS2_MAGIC &&
444 		      sblock->fs_sblockloc == sblock_try[i])) &&
445 		    sblock->fs_bsize <= MAXBSIZE &&
446 		    sblock->fs_bsize >= sizeof(struct fs))
447 			break;
448 	}
449 	if (sblock_try[i] == -1)
450 		quit("Cannot find file system superblock\n");
451 	dev_bsize = sblock->fs_fsize / fsbtodb(sblock, 1);
452 	dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
453 	if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
454 		quit("dev_bsize (%ld) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
455 	tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
456 	if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
457 		quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
458 	maxino = sblock->fs_ipg * sblock->fs_ncg;
459 	mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, CHAR_BIT), TP_BSIZE);
460 	usedinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
461 	dumpdirmap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
462 	dumpinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
463 	tapesize = 3 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
464 
465 	nonodump = spcl.c_level < honorlevel;
466 
467 	passno = 1;
468 	setproctitle("%s: pass 1: regular files", disk);
469 	msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n");
470 	anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize);
471 
472 	passno = 2;
473 	setproctitle("%s: pass 2: directories", disk);
474 	msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n");
475 	while (anydirskipped) {
476 		anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize);
477 	}
478 
479 	if (pipeout || unlimited) {
480 		tapesize += 10;	/* 10 trailer blocks */
481 		msg("estimated %ld tape blocks.\n", tapesize);
482 	} else {
483 		double fetapes;
484 
485 		if (blocksperfile)
486 			fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile;
487 		else if (cartridge) {
488 			/* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at
489 			   the end of each block written, and not in mid-block.
490 			   Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated
491 			   for with an artificially low tape size. */
492 			fetapes =
493 			(	  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
494 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes/block */
495 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte " */
496 			  +
497 				  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
498 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* streaming-stops per block */
499 				* 15.48		/* 0.1" / streaming-stop " */
500 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" " */
501 		} else {
502 			/* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track
503 			   tape */
504 			int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7;
505 			fetapes =
506 			(	  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
507 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes / block */
508 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte " */
509 			  +
510 				  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
511 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* IRG's / block */
512 				* tenthsperirg	/* 0.1" / IRG " */
513 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" " */
514 		}
515 		etapes = fetapes;		/* truncating assignment */
516 		etapes++;
517 		/* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */
518 		tapesize += (etapes - 1) *
519 			(howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
520 		tapesize += etapes + 10;	/* headers + 10 trailer blks */
521 		msg("estimated %ld tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n",
522 		    tapesize, fetapes);
523 	}
524 
525         /*
526          * If the user only wants an estimate of the number of
527          * tapes, exit now.
528          */
529         if (just_estimate)
530                 exit(0);
531 
532 	/*
533 	 * Allocate tape buffer.
534 	 */
535 	if (!alloctape())
536 		quit(
537 	"can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller blocking factor.\n");
538 
539 	startnewtape(1);
540 	(void)time((time_t *)&(tstart_writing));
541 	dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1);
542 
543 	passno = 3;
544 	setproctitle("%s: pass 3: directories", disk);
545 	msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n");
546 	dirty = 0;		/* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
547 	for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
548 		if (((ino - 1) % CHAR_BIT) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
549 			dirty = *map++;
550 		else
551 			dirty >>= 1;
552 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
553 			continue;
554 		/*
555 		 * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated
556 		 */
557 		dp = getino(ino, &mode);
558 		if (mode != IFDIR)
559 			continue;
560 		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
561 	}
562 
563 	passno = 4;
564 	setproctitle("%s: pass 4: regular files", disk);
565 	msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n");
566 	for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
567 		if (((ino - 1) % CHAR_BIT) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
568 			dirty = *map++;
569 		else
570 			dirty >>= 1;
571 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
572 			continue;
573 		/*
574 		 * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories.
575 		 */
576 		dp = getino(ino, &mode);
577 		if (mode == IFDIR)
578 			continue;
579 		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
580 	}
581 
582 	(void)time((time_t *)&(tend_writing));
583 	spcl.c_type = TS_END;
584 	for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++)
585 		writeheader(maxino - 1);
586 	if (pipeout)
587 		msg("DUMP: %jd tape blocks\n", (intmax_t)spcl.c_tapea);
588 	else
589 		msg("DUMP: %jd tape blocks on %d volume%s\n",
590 		    (intmax_t)spcl.c_tapea, spcl.c_volume,
591 		    (spcl.c_volume == 1) ? "" : "s");
592 
593 	/* report dump performance, avoid division through zero */
594 	if (tend_writing - tstart_writing == 0)
595 		msg("finished in less than a second\n");
596 	else
597 		msg("finished in %jd seconds, throughput %jd KBytes/sec\n",
598 		    (intmax_t)tend_writing - tstart_writing,
599 		    (intmax_t)(spcl.c_tapea /
600 		    (tend_writing - tstart_writing)));
601 
602 	putdumptime();
603 	trewind();
604 	broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\a\a\n");
605 	msg("DUMP IS DONE\n");
606 	Exit(X_FINOK);
607 	/* NOTREACHED */
608 }
609 
610 static void
611 usage(void)
612 {
613 	fprintf(stderr,
614 		"usage: dump [-0123456789acLnSu] [-B records] [-b blocksize] [-C cachesize]\n"
615 		"            [-D dumpdates] [-d density] [-f file | -P pipecommand] [-h level]\n"
616 		"            [-s feet] [-T date] filesystem\n"
617 		"       dump -W | -w\n");
618 	exit(X_STARTUP);
619 }
620 
621 /*
622  * Check to see if a disk is currently mounted.
623  */
624 static char *
625 getmntpt(char *name, int *mntflagsp)
626 {
627 	long mntsize, i;
628 	struct statfs *mntbuf;
629 
630 	mntsize = getmntinfo(&mntbuf, MNT_NOWAIT);
631 	for (i = 0; i < mntsize; i++) {
632 		if (!strcmp(mntbuf[i].f_mntfromname, name)) {
633 			*mntflagsp = mntbuf[i].f_flags;
634 			return (mntbuf[i].f_mntonname);
635 		}
636 	}
637 	return (0);
638 }
639 
640 /*
641  * Pick up a numeric argument.  It must be nonnegative and in the given
642  * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited).
643  */
644 static long
645 numarg(const char *meaning, long vmin, long vmax)
646 {
647 	char *p;
648 	long val;
649 
650 	val = strtol(optarg, &p, 10);
651 	if (*p)
652 		errx(1, "illegal %s -- %s", meaning, optarg);
653 	if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax))
654 		errx(1, "%s must be between %ld and %ld", meaning, vmin, vmax);
655 	return (val);
656 }
657 
658 void
659 sig(int signo)
660 {
661 	switch(signo) {
662 	case SIGALRM:
663 	case SIGBUS:
664 	case SIGFPE:
665 	case SIGHUP:
666 	case SIGTERM:
667 	case SIGTRAP:
668 		if (pipeout)
669 			quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover\n");
670 		msg("Rewriting attempted as response to unknown signal.\n");
671 		(void)fflush(stderr);
672 		(void)fflush(stdout);
673 		close_rewind();
674 		exit(X_REWRITE);
675 		/* NOTREACHED */
676 	case SIGSEGV:
677 		msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n");
678 		(void)signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
679 		(void)kill(0, SIGSEGV);
680 		/* NOTREACHED */
681 	}
682 }
683 
684 char *
685 rawname(char *cp)
686 {
687 	struct stat sb;
688 
689 	/*
690 	 * Ensure that the device passed in is a raw device.
691 	 */
692 	if (stat(cp, &sb) == 0 && (sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)
693 		return (cp);
694 
695 	/*
696 	 * Since there's only one device type now, we can't construct any
697 	 * better name, so we have to return NULL.
698 	 */
699 	return (NULL);
700 }
701 
702 /*
703  * obsolete --
704  *	Change set of key letters and ordered arguments into something
705  *	getopt(3) will like.
706  */
707 static void
708 obsolete(int *argcp, char **argvp[])
709 {
710 	int argc, flags;
711 	char *ap, **argv, *flagsp, **nargv, *p;
712 
713 	/* Setup. */
714 	argv = *argvp;
715 	argc = *argcp;
716 
717 	/*
718 	 * Return if no arguments or first argument has leading
719 	 * dash or slash.
720 	 */
721 	ap = argv[1];
722 	if (argc == 1 || *ap == '-' || *ap == '/')
723 		return;
724 
725 	/* Allocate space for new arguments. */
726 	if ((*argvp = nargv = malloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *))) == NULL ||
727 	    (p = flagsp = malloc(strlen(ap) + 2)) == NULL)
728 		err(1, NULL);
729 
730 	*nargv++ = *argv;
731 	argv += 2;
732 
733 	for (flags = 0; *ap; ++ap) {
734 		switch (*ap) {
735 		case 'B':
736 		case 'b':
737 		case 'd':
738 		case 'f':
739 		case 'D':
740 		case 'C':
741 		case 'h':
742 		case 's':
743 		case 'T':
744 			if (*argv == NULL) {
745 				warnx("option requires an argument -- %c", *ap);
746 				usage();
747 			}
748 			if ((nargv[0] = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2 + 1)) == NULL)
749 				err(1, NULL);
750 			nargv[0][0] = '-';
751 			nargv[0][1] = *ap;
752 			(void)strcpy(&nargv[0][2], *argv);
753 			++argv;
754 			++nargv;
755 			break;
756 		default:
757 			if (!flags) {
758 				*p++ = '-';
759 				flags = 1;
760 			}
761 			*p++ = *ap;
762 			break;
763 		}
764 	}
765 
766 	/* Terminate flags. */
767 	if (flags) {
768 		*p = '\0';
769 		*nargv++ = flagsp;
770 	}
771 
772 	/* Copy remaining arguments. */
773 	while ((*nargv++ = *argv++));
774 
775 	/* Update argument count. */
776 	*argcp = nargv - *argvp - 1;
777 }
778