xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/resolv/res_send.c (revision 8aac90f18aef7c9eea906c3ff9a001ca7b94f375)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: (ISC AND BSD-3-Clause)
3  *
4  * Portions Copyright (C) 2004-2009  Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
5  * Portions Copyright (C) 1996-2003  Internet Software Consortium.
6  *
7  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
8  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
9  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
10  *
11  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
12  * REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
13  * AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
14  * INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
15  * LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
16  * OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
17  * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
18  */
19 
20 /*
21  * Copyright (c) 1985, 1989, 1993
22  *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
23  *
24  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
25  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
26  * are met:
27  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
28  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
29  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
30  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
31  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
32  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
33  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
34  *    without specific prior written permission.
35  *
36  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
37  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
38  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
39  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
40  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
41  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
42  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
43  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
44  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
45  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
46  * SUCH DAMAGE.
47  */
48 
49 /*
50  * Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
51  *
52  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
53  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
54  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
55  * the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
56  * publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
57  * specific, written prior permission.
58  *
59  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
60  * WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
61  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.   IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
62  * CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
63  * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
64  * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
65  * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
66  * SOFTWARE.
67  */
68 
69 /*! \file
70  * \brief
71  * Send query to name server and wait for reply.
72  */
73 
74 #include "port_before.h"
75 #if !defined(USE_KQUEUE) && !defined(USE_POLL)
76 #include "fd_setsize.h"
77 #endif
78 
79 #include "namespace.h"
80 #include <sys/param.h>
81 #include <sys/time.h>
82 #include <sys/socket.h>
83 #include <sys/uio.h>
84 
85 #include <netinet/in.h>
86 #include <arpa/nameser.h>
87 #include <arpa/inet.h>
88 
89 #include <errno.h>
90 #include <netdb.h>
91 #include <resolv.h>
92 #include <signal.h>
93 #include <stdio.h>
94 #include <stdlib.h>
95 #include <string.h>
96 #include <unistd.h>
97 
98 #include <isc/eventlib.h>
99 
100 #include "port_after.h"
101 
102 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
103 #include <sys/event.h>
104 #else
105 #ifdef USE_POLL
106 #ifdef HAVE_STROPTS_H
107 #include <stropts.h>
108 #endif
109 #include <poll.h>
110 #endif /* USE_POLL */
111 #endif
112 
113 #include "un-namespace.h"
114 
115 /* Options.  Leave them on. */
116 #ifndef	DEBUG
117 #define	DEBUG
118 #endif
119 #include "res_debug.h"
120 #include "res_private.h"
121 
122 #define EXT(res) ((res)->_u._ext)
123 
124 #if !defined(USE_POLL) && !defined(USE_KQUEUE)
125 static const int highestFD = FD_SETSIZE - 1;
126 #endif
127 
128 /* Forward. */
129 
130 static int		get_salen(const struct sockaddr *);
131 static struct sockaddr * get_nsaddr(res_state, size_t);
132 static int		send_vc(res_state, const u_char *, int,
133 				u_char *, int, int *, int);
134 static int		send_dg(res_state,
135 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
136 				int kq,
137 #endif
138 				const u_char *, int,
139 				u_char *, int, int *, int, int,
140 				int *, int *);
141 static void		Aerror(const res_state, FILE *, const char *, int,
142 			       const struct sockaddr *, int);
143 static void		Perror(const res_state, FILE *, const char *, int);
144 static int		sock_eq(struct sockaddr *, struct sockaddr *);
145 #if defined(NEED_PSELECT) && !defined(USE_POLL) && !defined(USE_KQUEUE)
146 static int		pselect(int, void *, void *, void *,
147 				struct timespec *,
148 				const sigset_t *);
149 #endif
150 void res_pquery(const res_state, const u_char *, int, FILE *);
151 
152 static const int niflags = NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV;
153 
154 /* Public. */
155 
156 /*%
157  *	looks up "ina" in _res.ns_addr_list[]
158  *
159  * returns:
160  *\li	0  : not found
161  *\li	>0 : found
162  *
163  * author:
164  *\li	paul vixie, 29may94
165  */
166 int
167 res_ourserver_p(const res_state statp, const struct sockaddr *sa) {
168 	const struct sockaddr_in *inp, *srv;
169 	const struct sockaddr_in6 *in6p, *srv6;
170 	int ns;
171 
172 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
173 	case AF_INET:
174 		inp = (const struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
175 		for (ns = 0;  ns < statp->nscount;  ns++) {
176 			srv = (struct sockaddr_in *)get_nsaddr(statp, ns);
177 			if (srv->sin_family == inp->sin_family &&
178 			    srv->sin_port == inp->sin_port &&
179 			    (srv->sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_ANY ||
180 			     srv->sin_addr.s_addr == inp->sin_addr.s_addr))
181 				return (1);
182 		}
183 		break;
184 	case AF_INET6:
185 		if (EXT(statp).ext == NULL)
186 			break;
187 		in6p = (const struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa;
188 		for (ns = 0;  ns < statp->nscount;  ns++) {
189 			srv6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)get_nsaddr(statp, ns);
190 			if (srv6->sin6_family == in6p->sin6_family &&
191 			    srv6->sin6_port == in6p->sin6_port &&
192 #ifdef HAVE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
193 			    (srv6->sin6_scope_id == 0 ||
194 			     srv6->sin6_scope_id == in6p->sin6_scope_id) &&
195 #endif
196 			    (IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&srv6->sin6_addr) ||
197 			     IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&srv6->sin6_addr, &in6p->sin6_addr)))
198 				return (1);
199 		}
200 		break;
201 	default:
202 		break;
203 	}
204 	return (0);
205 }
206 
207 /*%
208  *	look for (name,type,class) in the query section of packet (buf,eom)
209  *
210  * requires:
211  *\li	buf + HFIXEDSZ <= eom
212  *
213  * returns:
214  *\li	-1 : format error
215  *\li	0  : not found
216  *\li	>0 : found
217  *
218  * author:
219  *\li	paul vixie, 29may94
220  */
221 int
222 res_nameinquery(const char *name, int type, int class,
223 		const u_char *buf, const u_char *eom)
224 {
225 	const u_char *cp = buf + HFIXEDSZ;
226 	int qdcount = ntohs(((const HEADER*)buf)->qdcount);
227 
228 	while (qdcount-- > 0) {
229 		char tname[MAXDNAME+1];
230 		int n, ttype, tclass;
231 
232 		n = dn_expand(buf, eom, cp, tname, sizeof tname);
233 		if (n < 0)
234 			return (-1);
235 		cp += n;
236 		if (cp + 2 * INT16SZ > eom)
237 			return (-1);
238 		ttype = ns_get16(cp); cp += INT16SZ;
239 		tclass = ns_get16(cp); cp += INT16SZ;
240 		if (ttype == type && tclass == class &&
241 		    ns_samename(tname, name) == 1)
242 			return (1);
243 	}
244 	return (0);
245 }
246 
247 /*%
248  *	is there a 1:1 mapping of (name,type,class)
249  *	in (buf1,eom1) and (buf2,eom2)?
250  *
251  * returns:
252  *\li	-1 : format error
253  *\li	0  : not a 1:1 mapping
254  *\li	>0 : is a 1:1 mapping
255  *
256  * author:
257  *\li	paul vixie, 29may94
258  */
259 int
260 res_queriesmatch(const u_char *buf1, const u_char *eom1,
261 		 const u_char *buf2, const u_char *eom2)
262 {
263 	const u_char *cp = buf1 + HFIXEDSZ;
264 	int qdcount = ntohs(((const HEADER*)buf1)->qdcount);
265 
266 	if (buf1 + HFIXEDSZ > eom1 || buf2 + HFIXEDSZ > eom2)
267 		return (-1);
268 
269 	/*
270 	 * Only header section present in replies to
271 	 * dynamic update packets.
272 	 */
273 	if ((((const HEADER *)buf1)->opcode == ns_o_update) &&
274 	    (((const HEADER *)buf2)->opcode == ns_o_update))
275 		return (1);
276 
277 	if (qdcount != ntohs(((const HEADER*)buf2)->qdcount))
278 		return (0);
279 	while (qdcount-- > 0) {
280 		char tname[MAXDNAME+1];
281 		int n, ttype, tclass;
282 
283 		n = dn_expand(buf1, eom1, cp, tname, sizeof tname);
284 		if (n < 0)
285 			return (-1);
286 		cp += n;
287 		if (cp + 2 * INT16SZ > eom1)
288 			return (-1);
289 		ttype = ns_get16(cp);	cp += INT16SZ;
290 		tclass = ns_get16(cp); cp += INT16SZ;
291 		if (!res_nameinquery(tname, ttype, tclass, buf2, eom2))
292 			return (0);
293 	}
294 	return (1);
295 }
296 
297 int
298 res_nsend(res_state statp,
299 	  const u_char *buf, int buflen, u_char *ans, int anssiz)
300 {
301 	int gotsomewhere, terrno, tries, v_circuit, resplen, ns, n;
302 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
303 	int kq;
304 #endif
305 	char abuf[NI_MAXHOST];
306 
307 	/* No name servers or res_init() failure */
308 	if (statp->nscount == 0 || EXT(statp).ext == NULL) {
309 		errno = ESRCH;
310 		return (-1);
311 	}
312 	if (anssiz < HFIXEDSZ) {
313 		errno = EINVAL;
314 		return (-1);
315 	}
316 	DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) || (statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_QUERY),
317 		(stdout, ";; res_send()\n"), buf, buflen);
318 	v_circuit = (statp->options & RES_USEVC) || buflen > PACKETSZ;
319 	gotsomewhere = 0;
320 	terrno = ETIMEDOUT;
321 
322 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
323 	if ((kq = kqueue()) < 0) {
324 		Perror(statp, stderr, "kqueue", errno);
325 		return (-1);
326 	}
327 #endif
328 
329 	/*
330 	 * If the ns_addr_list in the resolver context has changed, then
331 	 * invalidate our cached copy and the associated timing data.
332 	 */
333 	if (EXT(statp).nscount != 0) {
334 		int needclose = 0;
335 		struct sockaddr_storage peer;
336 		ISC_SOCKLEN_T peerlen;
337 
338 		if (EXT(statp).nscount != statp->nscount)
339 			needclose++;
340 		else
341 			for (ns = 0; ns < statp->nscount; ns++) {
342 				if (statp->nsaddr_list[ns].sin_family &&
343 				    !sock_eq((struct sockaddr *)&statp->nsaddr_list[ns],
344 					     (struct sockaddr *)&EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[ns])) {
345 					needclose++;
346 					break;
347 				}
348 
349 				if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] == -1)
350 					continue;
351 				peerlen = sizeof(peer);
352 				if (_getpeername(EXT(statp).nssocks[ns],
353 				    (struct sockaddr *)&peer, &peerlen) < 0) {
354 					needclose++;
355 					break;
356 				}
357 				if (!sock_eq((struct sockaddr *)&peer,
358 				    get_nsaddr(statp, ns))) {
359 					needclose++;
360 					break;
361 				}
362 			}
363 		if (needclose) {
364 			res_nclose(statp);
365 			EXT(statp).nscount = 0;
366 		}
367 	}
368 
369 	/*
370 	 * Maybe initialize our private copy of the ns_addr_list.
371 	 */
372 	if (EXT(statp).nscount == 0) {
373 		for (ns = 0; ns < statp->nscount; ns++) {
374 			EXT(statp).nstimes[ns] = RES_MAXTIME;
375 			EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] = -1;
376 			if (!statp->nsaddr_list[ns].sin_family)
377 				continue;
378 			EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[ns].sin =
379 				 statp->nsaddr_list[ns];
380 		}
381 		EXT(statp).nscount = statp->nscount;
382 	}
383 
384 	/*
385 	 * Some resolvers want to even out the load on their nameservers.
386 	 * Note that RES_BLAST overrides RES_ROTATE.
387 	 */
388 	if ((statp->options & RES_ROTATE) != 0U &&
389 	    (statp->options & RES_BLAST) == 0U) {
390 		union res_sockaddr_union inu;
391 		struct sockaddr_in ina;
392 		int lastns = statp->nscount - 1;
393 		int fd;
394 		u_int16_t nstime;
395 
396 		if (EXT(statp).ext != NULL)
397 			inu = EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[0];
398 		ina = statp->nsaddr_list[0];
399 		fd = EXT(statp).nssocks[0];
400 		nstime = EXT(statp).nstimes[0];
401 		for (ns = 0; ns < lastns; ns++) {
402 			if (EXT(statp).ext != NULL)
403 				EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[ns] =
404 					EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[ns + 1];
405 			statp->nsaddr_list[ns] = statp->nsaddr_list[ns + 1];
406 			EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] = EXT(statp).nssocks[ns + 1];
407 			EXT(statp).nstimes[ns] = EXT(statp).nstimes[ns + 1];
408 		}
409 		if (EXT(statp).ext != NULL)
410 			EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[lastns] = inu;
411 		statp->nsaddr_list[lastns] = ina;
412 		EXT(statp).nssocks[lastns] = fd;
413 		EXT(statp).nstimes[lastns] = nstime;
414 	}
415 
416 	/*
417 	 * Send request, RETRY times, or until successful.
418 	 */
419 	for (tries = 0; tries < statp->retry; tries++) {
420 	    for (ns = 0; ns < statp->nscount; ns++) {
421 		struct sockaddr *nsap;
422 		int nsaplen;
423 		nsap = get_nsaddr(statp, ns);
424 		nsaplen = get_salen(nsap);
425 		statp->_flags &= ~RES_F_LASTMASK;
426 		statp->_flags |= (ns << RES_F_LASTSHIFT);
427  same_ns:
428 		if (statp->qhook) {
429 			int done = 0, loops = 0;
430 
431 			do {
432 				res_sendhookact act;
433 
434 				act = (*statp->qhook)(&nsap, &buf, &buflen,
435 						      ans, anssiz, &resplen);
436 				switch (act) {
437 				case res_goahead:
438 					done = 1;
439 					break;
440 				case res_nextns:
441 					res_nclose(statp);
442 					goto next_ns;
443 				case res_done:
444 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
445 					_close(kq);
446 #endif
447 					return (resplen);
448 				case res_modified:
449 					/* give the hook another try */
450 					if (++loops < 42) /*doug adams*/
451 						break;
452 					/*FALLTHROUGH*/
453 				case res_error:
454 					/*FALLTHROUGH*/
455 				default:
456 					goto fail;
457 				}
458 			} while (!done);
459 		}
460 
461 		Dprint(((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) &&
462 			getnameinfo(nsap, nsaplen, abuf, sizeof(abuf),
463 				    NULL, 0, niflags) == 0),
464 		       (stdout, ";; Querying server (# %d) address = %s\n",
465 			ns + 1, abuf));
466 
467 
468 		if (v_circuit) {
469 			/* Use VC; at most one attempt per server. */
470 			tries = statp->retry;
471 			n = send_vc(statp, buf, buflen, ans, anssiz, &terrno,
472 				    ns);
473 			if (n < 0)
474 				goto fail;
475 			if (n == 0)
476 				goto next_ns;
477 			resplen = n;
478 		} else {
479 			/* Use datagrams. */
480 			n = send_dg(statp,
481 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
482 				    kq,
483 #endif
484 				    buf, buflen, ans, anssiz, &terrno,
485 				    ns, tries, &v_circuit, &gotsomewhere);
486 			if (n < 0)
487 				goto fail;
488 			if (n == 0)
489 				goto next_ns;
490 			if (v_circuit)
491 				goto same_ns;
492 			resplen = n;
493 		}
494 
495 		Dprint((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
496 		       ((statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY) &&
497 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD1)),
498 		       (stdout, ";; got answer:\n"));
499 
500 		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
501 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
502 			(stdout, "%s", ""),
503 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
504 
505 		/*
506 		 * If we have temporarily opened a virtual circuit,
507 		 * or if we haven't been asked to keep a socket open,
508 		 * close the socket.
509 		 */
510 		if ((v_circuit && (statp->options & RES_USEVC) == 0U) ||
511 		    (statp->options & RES_STAYOPEN) == 0U) {
512 			res_nclose(statp);
513 		}
514 		if (statp->rhook) {
515 			int done = 0, loops = 0;
516 
517 			do {
518 				res_sendhookact act;
519 
520 				act = (*statp->rhook)(nsap, buf, buflen,
521 						      ans, anssiz, &resplen);
522 				switch (act) {
523 				case res_goahead:
524 				case res_done:
525 					done = 1;
526 					break;
527 				case res_nextns:
528 					res_nclose(statp);
529 					goto next_ns;
530 				case res_modified:
531 					/* give the hook another try */
532 					if (++loops < 42) /*doug adams*/
533 						break;
534 					/*FALLTHROUGH*/
535 				case res_error:
536 					/*FALLTHROUGH*/
537 				default:
538 					goto fail;
539 				}
540 			} while (!done);
541 
542 		}
543 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
544 		_close(kq);
545 #endif
546 		return (resplen);
547  next_ns: ;
548 	   } /*foreach ns*/
549 	} /*foreach retry*/
550 	res_nclose(statp);
551 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
552 	_close(kq);
553 #endif
554 	if (!v_circuit) {
555 		if (!gotsomewhere)
556 			errno = ECONNREFUSED;	/*%< no nameservers found */
557 		else
558 			errno = ETIMEDOUT;	/*%< no answer obtained */
559 	} else
560 		errno = terrno;
561 	return (-1);
562  fail:
563 	res_nclose(statp);
564 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
565 	_close(kq);
566 #endif
567 	return (-1);
568 }
569 
570 /* Private */
571 
572 static int
573 get_salen(const struct sockaddr *sa)
574 {
575 
576 #ifdef HAVE_SA_LEN
577 	/* There are people do not set sa_len.  Be forgiving to them. */
578 	if (sa->sa_len)
579 		return (sa->sa_len);
580 #endif
581 
582 	if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
583 		return (sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
584 	else if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET6)
585 		return (sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6));
586 	else
587 		return (0);	/*%< unknown, die on connect */
588 }
589 
590 /*%
591  * pick appropriate nsaddr_list for use.  see res_init() for initialization.
592  */
593 static struct sockaddr *
594 get_nsaddr(res_state statp, size_t n)
595 {
596 
597 	if (!statp->nsaddr_list[n].sin_family && EXT(statp).ext) {
598 		/*
599 		 * - EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[n] holds an address that is larger
600 		 *   than struct sockaddr, and
601 		 * - user code did not update statp->nsaddr_list[n].
602 		 */
603 		return (struct sockaddr *)(void *)&EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[n];
604 	} else {
605 		/*
606 		 * - user code updated statp->nsaddr_list[n], or
607 		 * - statp->nsaddr_list[n] has the same content as
608 		 *   EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[n].
609 		 */
610 		return (struct sockaddr *)(void *)&statp->nsaddr_list[n];
611 	}
612 }
613 
614 static int
615 send_vc(res_state statp,
616 	const u_char *buf, int buflen, u_char *ans, int anssiz,
617 	int *terrno, int ns)
618 {
619 	const HEADER *hp = (const HEADER *) buf;
620 	HEADER *anhp = (HEADER *) ans;
621 	struct sockaddr *nsap;
622 	int nsaplen;
623 	int truncating, connreset, resplen, n;
624 	struct iovec iov[2];
625 	u_short len;
626 	u_char *cp;
627 	void *tmp;
628 #ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
629 	int on = 1;
630 #endif
631 
632 	nsap = get_nsaddr(statp, ns);
633 	nsaplen = get_salen(nsap);
634 
635 	connreset = 0;
636  same_ns:
637 	truncating = 0;
638 
639 	/* Are we still talking to whom we want to talk to? */
640 	if (statp->_vcsock >= 0 && (statp->_flags & RES_F_VC) != 0) {
641 		struct sockaddr_storage peer;
642 		ISC_SOCKLEN_T size = sizeof peer;
643 
644 		if (_getpeername(statp->_vcsock,
645 				(struct sockaddr *)&peer, &size) < 0 ||
646 		    !sock_eq((struct sockaddr *)&peer, nsap)) {
647 			res_nclose(statp);
648 			statp->_flags &= ~RES_F_VC;
649 		}
650 	}
651 
652 	if (statp->_vcsock < 0 || (statp->_flags & RES_F_VC) == 0) {
653 		if (statp->_vcsock >= 0)
654 			res_nclose(statp);
655 
656 		statp->_vcsock = _socket(nsap->sa_family, SOCK_STREAM |
657 		    SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
658 #if !defined(USE_POLL) && !defined(USE_KQUEUE)
659 		if (statp->_vcsock > highestFD) {
660 			res_nclose(statp);
661 			errno = ENOTSOCK;
662 		}
663 #endif
664 		if (statp->_vcsock < 0) {
665 			switch (errno) {
666 			case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
667 #ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT
668 			case EPFNOSUPPORT:
669 #endif
670 			case EAFNOSUPPORT:
671 				Perror(statp, stderr, "socket(vc)", errno);
672 				return (0);
673 			default:
674 				*terrno = errno;
675 				Perror(statp, stderr, "socket(vc)", errno);
676 				return (-1);
677 			}
678 		}
679 #ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
680 		/*
681 		 * Disable generation of SIGPIPE when writing to a closed
682 		 * socket.  Write should return -1 and set errno to EPIPE
683 		 * instead.
684 		 *
685 		 * Push on even if setsockopt(SO_NOSIGPIPE) fails.
686 		 */
687 		(void)_setsockopt(statp->_vcsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NOSIGPIPE, &on,
688 				 sizeof(on));
689 #endif
690 		errno = 0;
691 		if (_connect(statp->_vcsock, nsap, nsaplen) < 0) {
692 			*terrno = errno;
693 			Aerror(statp, stderr, "connect/vc", errno, nsap,
694 			    nsaplen);
695 			res_nclose(statp);
696 			return (0);
697 		}
698 		statp->_flags |= RES_F_VC;
699 	}
700 
701 	/*
702 	 * Send length & message
703 	 */
704 	ns_put16((u_short)buflen, (u_char*)&len);
705 	iov[0] = evConsIovec(&len, INT16SZ);
706 	DE_CONST(buf, tmp);
707 	iov[1] = evConsIovec(tmp, buflen);
708 	if (_writev(statp->_vcsock, iov, 2) != (INT16SZ + buflen)) {
709 		*terrno = errno;
710 		Perror(statp, stderr, "write failed", errno);
711 		res_nclose(statp);
712 		return (0);
713 	}
714 	/*
715 	 * Receive length & response
716 	 */
717  read_len:
718 	cp = ans;
719 	len = INT16SZ;
720 	while ((n = _read(statp->_vcsock, (char *)cp, (int)len)) > 0) {
721 		cp += n;
722 		if ((len -= n) == 0)
723 			break;
724 	}
725 	if (n <= 0) {
726 		*terrno = errno;
727 		Perror(statp, stderr, "read failed", errno);
728 		res_nclose(statp);
729 		/*
730 		 * A long running process might get its TCP
731 		 * connection reset if the remote server was
732 		 * restarted.  Requery the server instead of
733 		 * trying a new one.  When there is only one
734 		 * server, this means that a query might work
735 		 * instead of failing.  We only allow one reset
736 		 * per query to prevent looping.
737 		 */
738 		if (*terrno == ECONNRESET && !connreset) {
739 			connreset = 1;
740 			res_nclose(statp);
741 			goto same_ns;
742 		}
743 		res_nclose(statp);
744 		return (0);
745 	}
746 	resplen = ns_get16(ans);
747 	if (resplen > anssiz) {
748 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
749 		       (stdout, ";; response truncated\n")
750 		       );
751 		truncating = 1;
752 		len = anssiz;
753 	} else
754 		len = resplen;
755 	if (len < HFIXEDSZ) {
756 		/*
757 		 * Undersized message.
758 		 */
759 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
760 		       (stdout, ";; undersized: %d\n", len));
761 		*terrno = EMSGSIZE;
762 		res_nclose(statp);
763 		return (0);
764 	}
765 	cp = ans;
766 	while (len != 0 &&
767 	    (n = _read(statp->_vcsock, (char *)cp, (int)len)) > 0) {
768 		cp += n;
769 		len -= n;
770 	}
771 	if (n <= 0) {
772 		*terrno = errno;
773 		Perror(statp, stderr, "read(vc)", errno);
774 		res_nclose(statp);
775 		return (0);
776 	}
777 	if (truncating) {
778 		/*
779 		 * Flush rest of answer so connection stays in synch.
780 		 */
781 		anhp->tc = 1;
782 		len = resplen - anssiz;
783 		while (len != 0) {
784 			char junk[PACKETSZ];
785 
786 			n = _read(statp->_vcsock, junk,
787 			    (len > sizeof junk) ? sizeof junk : len);
788 			if (n > 0)
789 				len -= n;
790 			else
791 				break;
792 		}
793 	}
794 	/*
795 	 * If the calling applicating has bailed out of
796 	 * a previous call and failed to arrange to have
797 	 * the circuit closed or the server has got
798 	 * itself confused, then drop the packet and
799 	 * wait for the correct one.
800 	 */
801 	if (hp->id != anhp->id) {
802 		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
803 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
804 			(stdout, ";; old answer (unexpected):\n"),
805 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz: resplen);
806 		goto read_len;
807 	}
808 
809 	/*
810 	 * All is well, or the error is fatal.  Signal that the
811 	 * next nameserver ought not be tried.
812 	 */
813 	return (resplen);
814 }
815 
816 static int
817 send_dg(res_state statp,
818 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
819 	int kq,
820 #endif
821 	const u_char *buf, int buflen, u_char *ans,
822 	int anssiz, int *terrno, int ns, int tries, int *v_circuit,
823 	int *gotsomewhere)
824 {
825 	const HEADER *hp = (const HEADER *) buf;
826 	HEADER *anhp = (HEADER *) ans;
827 	const struct sockaddr *nsap;
828 	int nsaplen;
829 	struct timespec now, timeout, finish;
830 	struct sockaddr_storage from;
831 	ISC_SOCKLEN_T fromlen;
832 	int resplen, seconds, n, s;
833 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
834 	struct kevent kv;
835 #else
836 #ifdef USE_POLL
837 	int     polltimeout;
838 	struct pollfd   pollfd;
839 #else
840 	fd_set dsmask;
841 #endif
842 #endif
843 
844 	nsap = get_nsaddr(statp, ns);
845 	nsaplen = get_salen(nsap);
846 	if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] == -1) {
847 		EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] = _socket(nsap->sa_family,
848 		    SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
849 #if !defined(USE_POLL) && !defined(USE_KQUEUE)
850 		if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] > highestFD) {
851 			res_nclose(statp);
852 			errno = ENOTSOCK;
853 		}
854 #endif
855 		if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] < 0) {
856 			switch (errno) {
857 			case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
858 #ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT
859 			case EPFNOSUPPORT:
860 #endif
861 			case EAFNOSUPPORT:
862 				Perror(statp, stderr, "socket(dg)", errno);
863 				return (0);
864 			default:
865 				*terrno = errno;
866 				Perror(statp, stderr, "socket(dg)", errno);
867 				return (-1);
868 			}
869 		}
870 #ifndef CANNOT_CONNECT_DGRAM
871 		/*
872 		 * On a 4.3BSD+ machine (client and server,
873 		 * actually), sending to a nameserver datagram
874 		 * port with no nameserver will cause an
875 		 * ICMP port unreachable message to be returned.
876 		 * If our datagram socket is "connected" to the
877 		 * server, we get an ECONNREFUSED error on the next
878 		 * socket operation, and select returns if the
879 		 * error message is received.  We can thus detect
880 		 * the absence of a nameserver without timing out.
881 		 *
882 		 * When the option "insecure1" is specified, we'd
883 		 * rather expect to see responses from an "unknown"
884 		 * address.  In order to let the kernel accept such
885 		 * responses, do not connect the socket here.
886 		 * XXX: or do we need an explicit option to disable
887 		 * connecting?
888 		 */
889 		if (!(statp->options & RES_INSECURE1) &&
890 		    _connect(EXT(statp).nssocks[ns], nsap, nsaplen) < 0) {
891 			Aerror(statp, stderr, "connect(dg)", errno, nsap,
892 			    nsaplen);
893 			res_nclose(statp);
894 			return (0);
895 		}
896 #endif /* !CANNOT_CONNECT_DGRAM */
897 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
898 		       (stdout, ";; new DG socket\n"))
899 	}
900 	s = EXT(statp).nssocks[ns];
901 #ifndef CANNOT_CONNECT_DGRAM
902 	if (statp->options & RES_INSECURE1) {
903 		if (_sendto(s,
904 		    (const char*)buf, buflen, 0, nsap, nsaplen) != buflen) {
905 			Aerror(statp, stderr, "sendto", errno, nsap, nsaplen);
906 			res_nclose(statp);
907 			return (0);
908 		}
909 	} else if (send(s, (const char*)buf, buflen, 0) != buflen) {
910 		Perror(statp, stderr, "send", errno);
911 		res_nclose(statp);
912 		return (0);
913 	}
914 #else /* !CANNOT_CONNECT_DGRAM */
915 	if (_sendto(s, (const char*)buf, buflen, 0, nsap, nsaplen) != buflen)
916 	{
917 		Aerror(statp, stderr, "sendto", errno, nsap, nsaplen);
918 		res_nclose(statp);
919 		return (0);
920 	}
921 #endif /* !CANNOT_CONNECT_DGRAM */
922 
923 	/*
924 	 * Wait for reply.
925 	 */
926 	seconds = (statp->retrans << tries);
927 	if (ns > 0)
928 		seconds /= statp->nscount;
929 	if (seconds <= 0)
930 		seconds = 1;
931 	now = evNowTime();
932 	timeout = evConsTime(seconds, 0);
933 	finish = evAddTime(now, timeout);
934 	goto nonow;
935  wait:
936 	now = evNowTime();
937  nonow:
938 #ifndef USE_POLL
939 	if (evCmpTime(finish, now) > 0)
940 		timeout = evSubTime(finish, now);
941 	else
942 		timeout = evConsTime(0, 0);
943 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
944 	EV_SET(&kv, s, EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD | EV_ONESHOT, 0, 0, 0);
945 	n = _kevent(kq, &kv, 1, &kv, 1, &timeout);
946 #else
947 	FD_ZERO(&dsmask);
948 	FD_SET(s, &dsmask);
949 	n = pselect(s + 1, &dsmask, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
950 #endif
951 #else
952 	timeout = evSubTime(finish, now);
953 	if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
954 		timeout = evConsTime(0, 0);
955 	polltimeout = 1000*timeout.tv_sec +
956 		timeout.tv_nsec/1000000;
957 	pollfd.fd = s;
958 	pollfd.events = POLLRDNORM;
959 	n = _poll(&pollfd, 1, polltimeout);
960 #endif /* USE_POLL */
961 
962 	if (n == 0) {
963 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG, (stdout, ";; timeout\n"));
964 		*gotsomewhere = 1;
965 		return (0);
966 	}
967 	if (n < 0) {
968 		if (errno == EINTR)
969 			goto wait;
970 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
971 		Perror(statp, stderr, "kevent", errno);
972 #else
973 #ifndef USE_POLL
974 		Perror(statp, stderr, "select", errno);
975 #else
976 		Perror(statp, stderr, "poll", errno);
977 #endif /* USE_POLL */
978 #endif
979 		res_nclose(statp);
980 		return (0);
981 	}
982 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
983 	if (kv.ident != s)
984 		goto wait;
985 #endif
986 	errno = 0;
987 	fromlen = sizeof(from);
988 	resplen = _recvfrom(s, (char*)ans, anssiz,0,
989 			   (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen);
990 	if (resplen <= 0) {
991 		Perror(statp, stderr, "recvfrom", errno);
992 		res_nclose(statp);
993 		return (0);
994 	}
995 	*gotsomewhere = 1;
996 	if (resplen < HFIXEDSZ) {
997 		/*
998 		 * Undersized message.
999 		 */
1000 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
1001 		       (stdout, ";; undersized: %d\n",
1002 			resplen));
1003 		*terrno = EMSGSIZE;
1004 		res_nclose(statp);
1005 		return (0);
1006 	}
1007 	if (hp->id != anhp->id) {
1008 		/*
1009 		 * response from old query, ignore it.
1010 		 * XXX - potential security hazard could
1011 		 *	 be detected here.
1012 		 */
1013 		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
1014 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
1015 			(stdout, ";; old answer:\n"),
1016 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
1017 		goto wait;
1018 	}
1019 	if (!(statp->options & RES_INSECURE1) &&
1020 	    !res_ourserver_p(statp, (struct sockaddr *)&from)) {
1021 		/*
1022 		 * response from wrong server? ignore it.
1023 		 * XXX - potential security hazard could
1024 		 *	 be detected here.
1025 		 */
1026 		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
1027 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
1028 			(stdout, ";; not our server:\n"),
1029 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
1030 		goto wait;
1031 	}
1032 #ifdef RES_USE_EDNS0
1033 	if (anhp->rcode == FORMERR && (statp->options & RES_USE_EDNS0) != 0U) {
1034 		/*
1035 		 * Do not retry if the server do not understand EDNS0.
1036 		 * The case has to be captured here, as FORMERR packet do not
1037 		 * carry query section, hence res_queriesmatch() returns 0.
1038 		 */
1039 		DprintQ(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
1040 			(stdout, "server rejected query with EDNS0:\n"),
1041 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
1042 		/* record the error */
1043 		statp->_flags |= RES_F_EDNS0ERR;
1044 		res_nclose(statp);
1045 		return (0);
1046 	}
1047 #endif
1048 	if (!(statp->options & RES_INSECURE2) &&
1049 	    !res_queriesmatch(buf, buf + buflen,
1050 			      ans, ans + anssiz)) {
1051 		/*
1052 		 * response contains wrong query? ignore it.
1053 		 * XXX - potential security hazard could
1054 		 *	 be detected here.
1055 		 */
1056 		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
1057 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
1058 			(stdout, ";; wrong query name:\n"),
1059 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
1060 		goto wait;
1061 	}
1062 	if (anhp->rcode == SERVFAIL ||
1063 	    anhp->rcode == NOTIMP ||
1064 	    anhp->rcode == REFUSED) {
1065 		DprintQ(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
1066 			(stdout, "server rejected query:\n"),
1067 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
1068 		res_nclose(statp);
1069 		/* don't retry if called from dig */
1070 		if (!statp->pfcode)
1071 			return (0);
1072 	}
1073 	if (!(statp->options & RES_IGNTC) && anhp->tc) {
1074 		/*
1075 		 * To get the rest of answer,
1076 		 * use TCP with same server.
1077 		 */
1078 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
1079 		       (stdout, ";; truncated answer\n"));
1080 		*v_circuit = 1;
1081 		res_nclose(statp);
1082 		return (1);
1083 	}
1084 	/*
1085 	 * All is well, or the error is fatal.  Signal that the
1086 	 * next nameserver ought not be tried.
1087 	 */
1088 	return (resplen);
1089 }
1090 
1091 static void
1092 Aerror(const res_state statp, FILE *file, const char *string, int error,
1093        const struct sockaddr *address, int alen)
1094 {
1095 	int save = errno;
1096 	char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1097 	char sbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
1098 
1099 	if ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) != 0U) {
1100 		if (getnameinfo(address, alen, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf),
1101 		    sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), niflags)) {
1102 			strncpy(hbuf, "?", sizeof(hbuf) - 1);
1103 			hbuf[sizeof(hbuf) - 1] = '\0';
1104 			strncpy(sbuf, "?", sizeof(sbuf) - 1);
1105 			sbuf[sizeof(sbuf) - 1] = '\0';
1106 		}
1107 		fprintf(file, "res_send: %s ([%s].%s): %s\n",
1108 			string, hbuf, sbuf, strerror(error));
1109 	}
1110 	errno = save;
1111 }
1112 
1113 static void
1114 Perror(const res_state statp, FILE *file, const char *string, int error) {
1115 	int save = errno;
1116 
1117 	if ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) != 0U)
1118 		fprintf(file, "res_send: %s: %s\n",
1119 			string, strerror(error));
1120 	errno = save;
1121 }
1122 
1123 static int
1124 sock_eq(struct sockaddr *a, struct sockaddr *b) {
1125 	struct sockaddr_in *a4, *b4;
1126 	struct sockaddr_in6 *a6, *b6;
1127 
1128 	if (a->sa_family != b->sa_family)
1129 		return 0;
1130 	switch (a->sa_family) {
1131 	case AF_INET:
1132 		a4 = (struct sockaddr_in *)a;
1133 		b4 = (struct sockaddr_in *)b;
1134 		return a4->sin_port == b4->sin_port &&
1135 		    a4->sin_addr.s_addr == b4->sin_addr.s_addr;
1136 	case AF_INET6:
1137 		a6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)a;
1138 		b6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)b;
1139 		return a6->sin6_port == b6->sin6_port &&
1140 #ifdef HAVE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
1141 		    a6->sin6_scope_id == b6->sin6_scope_id &&
1142 #endif
1143 		    IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&a6->sin6_addr, &b6->sin6_addr);
1144 	default:
1145 		return 0;
1146 	}
1147 }
1148 
1149 #if defined(NEED_PSELECT) && !defined(USE_POLL) && !defined(USE_KQUEUE)
1150 /* XXX needs to move to the porting library. */
1151 static int
1152 pselect(int nfds, void *rfds, void *wfds, void *efds,
1153 	struct timespec *tsp, const sigset_t *sigmask)
1154 {
1155 	struct timeval tv, *tvp;
1156 	sigset_t sigs;
1157 	int n;
1158 
1159 	if (tsp) {
1160 		tvp = &tv;
1161 		tv = evTimeVal(*tsp);
1162 	} else
1163 		tvp = NULL;
1164 	if (sigmask)
1165 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, sigmask, &sigs);
1166 	n = select(nfds, rfds, wfds, efds, tvp);
1167 	if (sigmask)
1168 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sigs, NULL);
1169 	if (tsp)
1170 		*tsp = evTimeSpec(tv);
1171 	return (n);
1172 }
1173 #endif
1174