xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/resolv/res_query.c (revision 06c3fb2749bda94cb5201f81ffdb8fa6c3161b2e)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: (ISC AND BSD-3-Clause)
3  *
4  * Portions Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2008  Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
5  * Portions Copyright (C) 1996-2001, 2003  Internet Software Consortium.
6  *
7  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
8  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
9  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
10  *
11  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
12  * REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
13  * AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
14  * INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
15  * LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
16  * OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
17  * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
18  */
19 
20 /*
21  * Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
22  *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
23  *
24  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
25  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
26  * are met:
27  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
28  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
29  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
30  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
31  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
32  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
33  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
34  *    without specific prior written permission.
35  *
36  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
37  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
38  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
39  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
40  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
41  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
42  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
43  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
44  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
45  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
46  * SUCH DAMAGE.
47  */
48 
49 /*
50  * Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
51  *
52  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
53  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
54  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
55  * the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
56  * publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
57  * specific, written prior permission.
58  *
59  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
60  * WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
61  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.   IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
62  * CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
63  * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
64  * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
65  * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
66  * SOFTWARE.
67  */
68 
69 #include "port_before.h"
70 #include <sys/param.h>
71 #include <netinet/in.h>
72 #include <arpa/inet.h>
73 #include <arpa/nameser.h>
74 #include <ctype.h>
75 #include <errno.h>
76 #include <netdb.h>
77 #include <resolv.h>
78 #include <stdio.h>
79 #include <stdlib.h>
80 #include <string.h>
81 #include <unistd.h>
82 #include "port_after.h"
83 
84 /* Options.  Leave them on. */
85 #ifndef	DEBUG
86 #define	DEBUG
87 #endif
88 
89 #if PACKETSZ > 1024
90 #define MAXPACKET	PACKETSZ
91 #else
92 #define MAXPACKET	1024
93 #endif
94 
95 /*%
96  * Formulate a normal query, send, and await answer.
97  * Returned answer is placed in supplied buffer "answer".
98  * Perform preliminary check of answer, returning success only
99  * if no error is indicated and the answer count is nonzero.
100  * Return the size of the response on success, -1 on error.
101  * Error number is left in H_ERRNO.
102  *
103  * Caller must parse answer and determine whether it answers the question.
104  */
105 int
106 res_nquery(res_state statp,
107 	   const char *name,	/*%< domain name */
108 	   int class, int type,	/*%< class and type of query */
109 	   u_char *answer,	/*%< buffer to put answer */
110 	   int anslen)		/*%< size of answer buffer */
111 {
112 	u_char buf[MAXPACKET];
113 	HEADER *hp = (HEADER *) answer;
114 	u_int oflags;
115 	u_char *rdata;
116 	int n;
117 
118 	oflags = statp->_flags;
119 
120 again:
121 	hp->rcode = NOERROR;	/*%< default */
122 #ifdef DEBUG
123 	if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG)
124 		printf(";; res_query(%s, %d, %d)\n", name, class, type);
125 #endif
126 
127 	n = res_nmkquery(statp, QUERY, name, class, type, NULL, 0, NULL,
128 			 buf, sizeof(buf));
129 #ifdef RES_USE_EDNS0
130 	if (n > 0 && (statp->_flags & RES_F_EDNS0ERR) == 0 &&
131 	    (statp->options & (RES_USE_EDNS0|RES_USE_DNSSEC|RES_NSID))) {
132 		n = res_nopt(statp, n, buf, sizeof(buf), anslen);
133 		if (n > 0 && (statp->options & RES_NSID) != 0U) {
134 			rdata = &buf[n];
135 			n = res_nopt_rdata(statp, n, buf, sizeof(buf), rdata,
136 					   NS_OPT_NSID, 0, NULL);
137 		}
138 	}
139 #endif
140 	if (n <= 0) {
141 #ifdef DEBUG
142 		if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG)
143 			printf(";; res_query: mkquery failed\n");
144 #endif
145 		RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_RECOVERY);
146 		return (n);
147 	}
148 
149 	n = res_nsend(statp, buf, n, answer, anslen);
150 	if (n < 0) {
151 #ifdef RES_USE_EDNS0
152 		/* if the query choked with EDNS0, retry without EDNS0 */
153 		if ((statp->options & (RES_USE_EDNS0|RES_USE_DNSSEC)) != 0U &&
154 		    ((oflags ^ statp->_flags) & RES_F_EDNS0ERR) != 0) {
155 			statp->_flags |= RES_F_EDNS0ERR;
156 			if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG)
157 				printf(";; res_nquery: retry without EDNS0\n");
158 			goto again;
159 		}
160 #endif
161 #ifdef DEBUG
162 		if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG)
163 			printf(";; res_query: send error\n");
164 #endif
165 		RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, TRY_AGAIN);
166 		return (n);
167 	}
168 
169 	if (hp->rcode != NOERROR || ntohs(hp->ancount) == 0) {
170 #ifdef DEBUG
171 		if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG)
172 			printf(";; rcode = (%s), counts = an:%d ns:%d ar:%d\n",
173 			       p_rcode(hp->rcode),
174 			       ntohs(hp->ancount),
175 			       ntohs(hp->nscount),
176 			       ntohs(hp->arcount));
177 #endif
178 		switch (hp->rcode) {
179 		case NXDOMAIN:
180 			RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, HOST_NOT_FOUND);
181 			break;
182 		case SERVFAIL:
183 			RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, TRY_AGAIN);
184 			break;
185 		case NOERROR:
186 			RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_DATA);
187 			break;
188 		case FORMERR:
189 		case NOTIMP:
190 		case REFUSED:
191 		default:
192 			RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_RECOVERY);
193 			break;
194 		}
195 		return (-1);
196 	}
197 	return (n);
198 }
199 
200 /*%
201  * Formulate a normal query, send, and retrieve answer in supplied buffer.
202  * Return the size of the response on success, -1 on error.
203  * If enabled, implement search rules until answer or unrecoverable failure
204  * is detected.  Error code, if any, is left in H_ERRNO.
205  */
206 int
207 res_nsearch(res_state statp,
208 	    const char *name,	/*%< domain name */
209 	    int class, int type,	/*%< class and type of query */
210 	    u_char *answer,	/*%< buffer to put answer */
211 	    int anslen)		/*%< size of answer */
212 {
213 	const char *cp, * const *domain;
214 	HEADER *hp = (HEADER *) answer;
215 	char tmp[NS_MAXDNAME];
216 	u_int dots;
217 	int trailing_dot, ret, saved_herrno;
218 	int got_nodata = 0, got_servfail = 0, root_on_list = 0;
219 	int tried_as_is = 0;
220 	int searched = 0;
221 
222 	errno = 0;
223 	RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, HOST_NOT_FOUND);  /*%< True if we never query. */
224 	dots = 0;
225 	for (cp = name; *cp != '\0'; cp++)
226 		dots += (*cp == '.');
227 	trailing_dot = 0;
228 	if (cp > name && *--cp == '.')
229 		trailing_dot++;
230 
231 	/* If there aren't any dots, it could be a user-level alias. */
232 	if (!dots && (cp = res_hostalias(statp, name, tmp, sizeof tmp))!= NULL)
233 		return (res_nquery(statp, cp, class, type, answer, anslen));
234 
235 	/*
236 	 * If there are enough dots in the name, let's just give it a
237 	 * try 'as is'. The threshold can be set with the "ndots" option.
238 	 * Also, query 'as is', if there is a trailing dot in the name.
239 	 */
240 	saved_herrno = -1;
241 	if (dots >= statp->ndots || trailing_dot) {
242 		ret = res_nquerydomain(statp, name, NULL, class, type,
243 					 answer, anslen);
244 		if (ret > 0 || trailing_dot)
245 			return (ret);
246 		if (errno == ECONNREFUSED) {
247 			RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, TRY_AGAIN);
248 			return (-1);
249 		}
250 		switch (statp->res_h_errno) {
251 		case NO_DATA:
252 		case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
253 			break;
254 		case TRY_AGAIN:
255 			if (hp->rcode == SERVFAIL)
256 				break;
257 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
258 		default:
259 			return (-1);
260 		}
261 		saved_herrno = statp->res_h_errno;
262 		tried_as_is++;
263 	}
264 
265 	/*
266 	 * We do at least one level of search if
267 	 *	- there is no dot and RES_DEFNAME is set, or
268 	 *	- there is at least one dot, there is no trailing dot,
269 	 *	  and RES_DNSRCH is set.
270 	 */
271 	if ((!dots && (statp->options & RES_DEFNAMES) != 0U) ||
272 	    (dots && !trailing_dot && (statp->options & RES_DNSRCH) != 0U)) {
273 		int done = 0;
274 
275 		for (domain = (const char * const *)statp->dnsrch;
276 		     *domain && !done;
277 		     domain++) {
278 			searched = 1;
279 
280 			if (domain[0][0] == '\0' ||
281 			    (domain[0][0] == '.' && domain[0][1] == '\0'))
282 				root_on_list++;
283 
284 			if (root_on_list && tried_as_is)
285 				continue;
286 
287 			ret = res_nquerydomain(statp, name, *domain,
288 					       class, type,
289 					       answer, anslen);
290 			if (ret > 0)
291 				return (ret);
292 
293 			/*
294 			 * If no server present, give up.
295 			 * If name isn't found in this domain,
296 			 * keep trying higher domains in the search list
297 			 * (if that's enabled).
298 			 * On a NO_DATA error, keep trying, otherwise
299 			 * a wildcard entry of another type could keep us
300 			 * from finding this entry higher in the domain.
301 			 * If we get some other error (negative answer or
302 			 * server failure), then stop searching up,
303 			 * but try the input name below in case it's
304 			 * fully-qualified.
305 			 */
306 			if (errno == ECONNREFUSED) {
307 				RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, TRY_AGAIN);
308 				return (-1);
309 			}
310 
311 			switch (statp->res_h_errno) {
312 			case NO_DATA:
313 				got_nodata++;
314 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
315 			case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
316 				/* keep trying */
317 				break;
318 			case TRY_AGAIN:
319 				/*
320 				 * This can occur due to a server failure
321 				 * (that is, all listed servers have failed),
322 				 * or all listed servers have timed out.
323 				 * ((HEADER *)answer)->rcode may not be set
324 				 * to SERVFAIL in the case of a timeout.
325 				 *
326 				 * Either way we must return TRY_AGAIN in
327 				 * order to avoid non-deterministic
328 				 * return codes.
329 				 * For example, loaded name servers or races
330 				 * against network startup/validation (dhcp,
331 				 * ppp, etc) can cause the search to timeout
332 				 * on one search element, e.g. 'fu.bar.com',
333 				 * and return a definitive failure on the
334 				 * next search element, e.g. 'fu.'.
335 				 */
336 				got_servfail++;
337 				if (hp->rcode == SERVFAIL) {
338 					/* try next search element, if any */
339 					break;
340 				}
341 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
342 			default:
343 				/* anything else implies that we're done */
344 				done++;
345 			}
346 
347 			/* if we got here for some reason other than DNSRCH,
348 			 * we only wanted one iteration of the loop, so stop.
349 			 */
350 			if ((statp->options & RES_DNSRCH) == 0U)
351 				done++;
352 		}
353 	}
354 
355 	switch (statp->res_h_errno) {
356 	case NO_DATA:
357 	case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
358 		break;
359 	case TRY_AGAIN:
360 		if (hp->rcode == SERVFAIL)
361 			break;
362 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
363 	default:
364 		goto giveup;
365 	}
366 
367 	/*
368 	 * If the query has not already been tried as is then try it
369 	 * unless RES_NOTLDQUERY is set and there were no dots.
370 	 */
371 	if ((dots || !searched || (statp->options & RES_NOTLDQUERY) == 0U) &&
372 	    !(tried_as_is || root_on_list)) {
373 		ret = res_nquerydomain(statp, name, NULL, class, type,
374 				       answer, anslen);
375 		if (ret > 0)
376 			return (ret);
377 	}
378 
379 	/* if we got here, we didn't satisfy the search.
380 	 * if we did an initial full query, return that query's H_ERRNO
381 	 * (note that we wouldn't be here if that query had succeeded).
382 	 * else if we ever got a nodata, send that back as the reason.
383 	 * else send back meaningless H_ERRNO, that being the one from
384 	 * the last DNSRCH we did.
385 	 */
386 giveup:
387 	if (saved_herrno != -1)
388 		RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, saved_herrno);
389 	else if (got_nodata)
390 		RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_DATA);
391 	else if (got_servfail)
392 		RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, TRY_AGAIN);
393 	return (-1);
394 }
395 
396 /*%
397  * Perform a call on res_query on the concatenation of name and domain,
398  * removing a trailing dot from name if domain is NULL.
399  */
400 int
401 res_nquerydomain(res_state statp,
402 	    const char *name,
403 	    const char *domain,
404 	    int class, int type,	/*%< class and type of query */
405 	    u_char *answer,		/*%< buffer to put answer */
406 	    int anslen)		/*%< size of answer */
407 {
408 	char nbuf[MAXDNAME];
409 	const char *longname = nbuf;
410 	int n, d;
411 
412 #ifdef DEBUG
413 	if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG)
414 		printf(";; res_nquerydomain(%s, %s, %d, %d)\n",
415 		       name, domain?domain:"<Nil>", class, type);
416 #endif
417 	if (domain == NULL) {
418 		/*
419 		 * Check for trailing '.';
420 		 * copy without '.' if present.
421 		 */
422 		n = strlen(name);
423 		if (n >= MAXDNAME) {
424 			RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_RECOVERY);
425 			return (-1);
426 		}
427 		n--;
428 		if (n >= 0 && name[n] == '.') {
429 			strncpy(nbuf, name, n);
430 			nbuf[n] = '\0';
431 		} else
432 			longname = name;
433 	} else {
434 		n = strlen(name);
435 		d = strlen(domain);
436 		if (n + d + 1 >= MAXDNAME) {
437 			RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_RECOVERY);
438 			return (-1);
439 		}
440 		sprintf(nbuf, "%s.%s", name, domain);
441 	}
442 	return (res_nquery(statp, longname, class, type, answer, anslen));
443 }
444 
445 const char *
446 res_hostalias(const res_state statp, const char *name, char *dst, size_t siz) {
447 	char *file, *cp1, *cp2;
448 	char buf[BUFSIZ];
449 	FILE *fp;
450 
451 	if (statp->options & RES_NOALIASES)
452 		return (NULL);
453 	file = secure_getenv("HOSTALIASES");
454 	if (file == NULL || (fp = fopen(file, "re")) == NULL)
455 		return (NULL);
456 	setbuf(fp, NULL);
457 	buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
458 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
459 		for (cp1 = buf; *cp1 && !isspace((unsigned char)*cp1); ++cp1)
460 			;
461 		if (!*cp1)
462 			break;
463 		*cp1 = '\0';
464 		if (ns_samename(buf, name) == 1) {
465 			while (isspace((unsigned char)*++cp1))
466 				;
467 			if (!*cp1)
468 				break;
469 			for (cp2 = cp1 + 1; *cp2 &&
470 			     !isspace((unsigned char)*cp2); ++cp2)
471 				;
472 			*cp2 = '\0';
473 			strncpy(dst, cp1, siz - 1);
474 			dst[siz - 1] = '\0';
475 			fclose(fp);
476 			return (dst);
477 		}
478 	}
479 	fclose(fp);
480 	return (NULL);
481 }
482 
483 /*! \file */
484