xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/tls.c (revision 3c4ba5f55438f7afd4f4b0b56f88f2bb505fd6a6)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Doug Rabson
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  *	$FreeBSD$
29  */
30 
31 /*
32  * Define stubs for TLS internals so that programs and libraries can
33  * link. These functions will be replaced by functional versions at
34  * runtime from ld-elf.so.1.
35  */
36 
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include <elf.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 
44 #include "rtld.h"
45 #include "libc_private.h"
46 
47 #define	tls_assert(cond)	((cond) ? (void) 0 :			\
48     (tls_msg(#cond ": assert failed: " __FILE__ ":"			\
49       __XSTRING(__LINE__) "\n"), abort()))
50 #define	tls_msg(s)		write(STDOUT_FILENO, s, strlen(s))
51 
52 /* Provided by jemalloc to avoid bootstrapping issues. */
53 void	*__je_bootstrap_malloc(size_t size);
54 void	*__je_bootstrap_calloc(size_t num, size_t size);
55 void	__je_bootstrap_free(void *ptr);
56 
57 __weak_reference(__libc_allocate_tls, _rtld_allocate_tls);
58 __weak_reference(__libc_free_tls, _rtld_free_tls);
59 
60 #ifdef __i386__
61 
62 __weak_reference(___libc_tls_get_addr, ___tls_get_addr);
63 __attribute__((__regparm__(1))) void * ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
64 
65 #endif
66 
67 void * __libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
68 __weak_reference(__libc_tls_get_addr, __tls_get_addr);
69 
70 void *_rtld_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
71 void _rtld_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
72 void *__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
73 void __libc_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
74 
75 #ifndef PIC
76 
77 static size_t libc_tls_static_space;
78 static size_t libc_tls_init_size;
79 static size_t libc_tls_init_align;
80 static void *libc_tls_init;
81 #endif
82 
83 void *
84 __libc_tls_get_addr(void *vti)
85 {
86 	uintptr_t *dtv;
87 	tls_index *ti;
88 
89 	dtv = _tcb_get()->tcb_dtv;
90 	ti = vti;
91 	return ((char *)(dtv[ti->ti_module + 1] + ti->ti_offset) +
92 	    TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
93 }
94 
95 #ifdef __i386__
96 
97 /* GNU ABI */
98 
99 __attribute__((__regparm__(1)))
100 void *
101 ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *vti)
102 {
103 	return (__libc_tls_get_addr(vti));
104 }
105 
106 #endif
107 
108 #ifndef PIC
109 
110 static void *
111 libc_malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t align)
112 {
113 	void *mem, *res;
114 
115 	if (align < sizeof(void *))
116 		align = sizeof(void *);
117 
118 	mem = __je_bootstrap_malloc(size + sizeof(void *) + align - 1);
119 	res = (void *)roundup2((uintptr_t)mem + sizeof(void *), align);
120 	*(void **)((uintptr_t)res - sizeof(void *)) = mem;
121 	return (res);
122 }
123 
124 static void
125 libc_free_aligned(void *ptr)
126 {
127 	void *mem;
128 	uintptr_t x;
129 
130 	if (ptr == NULL)
131 		return;
132 
133 	x = (uintptr_t)ptr;
134 	x -= sizeof(void *);
135 	mem = *(void **)x;
136 	__je_bootstrap_free(mem);
137 }
138 
139 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_I
140 
141 /*
142  * There are two versions of variant I of TLS
143  *
144  * - ARM and aarch64 uses original variant I as is described in [1] and [2],
145  *   where TP points to start of TCB followed by aligned TLS segment.
146  *   Both TCB and TLS must be aligned to alignment of TLS section. The TCB[0]
147  *   points to DTV vector and DTV values are real addresses (without bias).
148  *   Note: for Local Exec TLS Model, the offsets from TP (TCB in this case) to
149  *   TLS variables are computed by linker, so we cannot overalign TLS section.
150  *
151  * - PowerPC and RISC-V use modified version of variant I, described in [3]
152  *   where TP points (with bias) to TLS and TCB immediately precedes TLS without
153  *   any alignment gap[4]. Only TLS should be aligned.  The TCB[0] points to DTV
154  *   vector and DTV values are biased by constant value (TLS_DTV_OFFSET) from
155  *   real addresses[5].
156  *
157  * [1] Ulrich Drepper: ELF Handling for Thread-Local Storage
158  *     www.akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf
159  *
160  * [2] ARM IHI 0045E: Addenda to, and Errata in, the ABI for the ARM(r)
161  *     Architecture
162  *   infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0045e/IHI0045E_ABI_addenda.pdf
163  *
164  * [3] OpenPOWER: Power Architecture 64-Bit ELF V2 ABI Specification
165  *     https://members.openpowerfoundation.org/document/dl/576
166  *
167  * [4] Its unclear if "without any alignment gap" is hard ABI requirement,
168  *     but we must follow this rule due to suboptimal _tcb_set()
169  *     (aka <ARCH>_SET_TP) implementation. This function doesn't expect TP but
170  *     TCB as argument.
171  *
172  * [5] I'm not able to validate "values are biased" assertions.
173  */
174 
175 /*
176  * Return pointer to allocated TLS block
177  */
178 static void *
179 get_tls_block_ptr(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize)
180 {
181 	size_t extra_size, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
182 
183 	/* Compute fragments sizes. */
184 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
185 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
186 	post_size =  roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, libc_tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
187 #else
188 	post_size = 0;
189 #endif
190 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
191 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, libc_tls_init_align) -
192 	    tls_block_size;
193 
194 	return ((char *)tcb - pre_size - extra_size);
195 }
196 
197 /*
198  * Free Static TLS using the Variant I method. The tcbsize
199  * and tcbalign parameters must be the same as those used to allocate
200  * the block.
201  */
202 void
203 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign __unused)
204 {
205 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
206 	Elf_Addr **tls;
207 
208 	tls = (Elf_Addr **)tcb;
209 	dtv = tls[0];
210 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
211 	libc_free_aligned(get_tls_block_ptr(tcb, tcbsize));
212 }
213 
214 /*
215  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant I method.
216  *
217  * To handle all above requirements, we setup the following layout for
218  * TLS block:
219  * (whole memory block is aligned with MAX(TLS_TCB_ALIGN, tls_init_align))
220  *
221  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
222  * | pre gap  | extended TCB |     TCB      | post gap  |    TLS segment   |
223  * | pre_size |  extra_size  | TLS_TCB_SIZE | post_size | tls_static_space |
224  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
225  *
226  * where:
227  *  extra_size is tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE
228  *  post_size is used to adjust TCB to TLS alignment for first version of TLS
229  *            layout and is always 0 for second version.
230  *  pre_size  is used to adjust TCB alignment for first version and to adjust
231  *            TLS alignment for second version.
232  *
233  */
234 void *
235 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
236 {
237 	Elf_Addr *dtv, **tcb;
238 	char *tls_block, *tls;
239 	size_t extra_size, maxalign, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
240 
241 	if (oldtcb != NULL && tcbsize == TLS_TCB_SIZE)
242 		return (oldtcb);
243 
244 	tls_assert(tcbalign >= TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
245 	maxalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
246 
247 	/* Compute fragmets sizes. */
248 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
249 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
250 	post_size = roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, libc_tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
251 #else
252 	post_size = 0;
253 #endif
254 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
255 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, libc_tls_init_align) -
256 	    tls_block_size;
257 	tls_block_size += pre_size + libc_tls_static_space;
258 
259 	/* Allocate whole TLS block */
260 	tls_block = libc_malloc_aligned(tls_block_size, maxalign);
261 	if (tls_block == NULL) {
262 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
263 		abort();
264 	}
265 	memset(tls_block, 0, tls_block_size);
266 	tcb = (Elf_Addr **)(tls_block + pre_size + extra_size);
267 	tls = (char *)tcb + TLS_TCB_SIZE + post_size;
268 
269 	if (oldtcb != NULL) {
270 		memcpy(tls_block, get_tls_block_ptr(oldtcb, tcbsize),
271 		    tls_block_size);
272 		libc_free_aligned(oldtcb);
273 
274 		/* Adjust the DTV. */
275 		dtv = tcb[0];
276 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
277 	} else {
278 		dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
279 		if (dtv == NULL) {
280 			tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
281 			abort();
282 		}
283 		/* Build the DTV. */
284 		tcb[0] = dtv;
285 		dtv[0] = 1;		/* Generation. */
286 		dtv[1] = 1;		/* Segments count. */
287 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
288 
289 		if (libc_tls_init_size > 0)
290 			memcpy(tls, libc_tls_init, libc_tls_init_size);
291 	}
292 
293 	return (tcb);
294 }
295 
296 #endif
297 
298 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_II
299 
300 /*
301  * Free Static TLS using the Variant II method.
302  */
303 void
304 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize __unused, size_t tcbalign)
305 {
306 	size_t size;
307 	Elf_Addr* dtv;
308 	Elf_Addr tlsstart, tlsend;
309 
310 	/*
311 	 * Figure out the size of the initial TLS block so that we can
312 	 * find stuff which ___tls_get_addr() allocated dynamically.
313 	 */
314 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
315 	size = roundup2(libc_tls_static_space, tcbalign);
316 
317 	dtv = ((Elf_Addr**)tcb)[1];
318 	tlsend = (Elf_Addr) tcb;
319 	tlsstart = tlsend - size;
320 	libc_free_aligned((void*)tlsstart);
321 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
322 }
323 
324 /*
325  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant II method.
326  */
327 void *
328 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
329 {
330 	size_t size;
331 	char *tls;
332 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
333 	Elf_Addr segbase, oldsegbase;
334 
335 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
336 	size = roundup2(libc_tls_static_space, tcbalign);
337 
338 	if (tcbsize < 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
339 		tcbsize = 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr);
340 	tls = libc_malloc_aligned(size + tcbsize, tcbalign);
341 	if (tls == NULL) {
342 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
343 		abort();
344 	}
345 	memset(tls, 0, size + tcbsize);
346 	dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
347 	if (dtv == NULL) {
348 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
349 		abort();
350 	}
351 
352 	segbase = (Elf_Addr)(tls + size);
353 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[0] = segbase;
354 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[1] = (Elf_Addr) dtv;
355 
356 	dtv[0] = 1;
357 	dtv[1] = 1;
358 	dtv[2] = segbase - libc_tls_static_space;
359 
360 	if (oldtls) {
361 		/*
362 		 * Copy the static TLS block over whole.
363 		 */
364 		oldsegbase = (Elf_Addr) oldtls;
365 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space),
366 		    (const void *)(oldsegbase - libc_tls_static_space),
367 		    libc_tls_static_space);
368 
369 		/*
370 		 * We assume that this block was the one we created with
371 		 * allocate_initial_tls().
372 		 */
373 		_rtld_free_tls(oldtls, 2*sizeof(Elf_Addr), sizeof(Elf_Addr));
374 	} else {
375 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space),
376 		    libc_tls_init, libc_tls_init_size);
377 		memset((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space +
378 		    libc_tls_init_size), 0,
379 		    libc_tls_static_space - libc_tls_init_size);
380 	}
381 
382 	return (void*) segbase;
383 }
384 
385 #endif /* TLS_VARIANT_II */
386 
387 #else
388 
389 void *
390 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
391 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
392 {
393 	return (0);
394 }
395 
396 void
397 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
398 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
399 {
400 }
401 
402 #endif /* PIC */
403 
404 void
405 _init_tls(void)
406 {
407 #ifndef PIC
408 	Elf_Addr *sp;
409 	Elf_Auxinfo *aux, *auxp;
410 	Elf_Phdr *phdr;
411 	size_t phent, phnum;
412 	int i;
413 	void *tls;
414 
415 	sp = (Elf_Addr *) environ;
416 	while (*sp++ != 0)
417 		;
418 	aux = (Elf_Auxinfo *) sp;
419 	phdr = NULL;
420 	phent = phnum = 0;
421 	for (auxp = aux; auxp->a_type != AT_NULL; auxp++) {
422 		switch (auxp->a_type) {
423 		case AT_PHDR:
424 			phdr = auxp->a_un.a_ptr;
425 			break;
426 
427 		case AT_PHENT:
428 			phent = auxp->a_un.a_val;
429 			break;
430 
431 		case AT_PHNUM:
432 			phnum = auxp->a_un.a_val;
433 			break;
434 		}
435 	}
436 	if (phdr == NULL || phent != sizeof(Elf_Phdr) || phnum == 0)
437 		return;
438 
439 	for (i = 0; (unsigned) i < phnum; i++) {
440 		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_TLS) {
441 			libc_tls_static_space = roundup2(phdr[i].p_memsz,
442 			    phdr[i].p_align);
443 			libc_tls_init_size = phdr[i].p_filesz;
444 			libc_tls_init_align = phdr[i].p_align;
445 			libc_tls_init = (void *)phdr[i].p_vaddr;
446 			break;
447 		}
448 	}
449 	tls = _rtld_allocate_tls(NULL, TLS_TCB_SIZE, TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
450 
451 	_tcb_set(tls);
452 #endif
453 }
454