xref: /freebsd/contrib/sqlite3/sqlite3.h (revision 3c5ba95ad12285ad37c182a4bfc1b240ec6d18a7)
1 /*
2 ** 2001-09-15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef SQLITE3_H
34 #define SQLITE3_H
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47 */
48 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50 #endif
51 #ifndef SQLITE_API
52 # define SQLITE_API
53 #endif
54 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55 # define SQLITE_CDECL
56 #endif
57 #ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58 # define SQLITE_APICALL
59 #endif
60 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61 # define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62 #endif
63 #ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64 # define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65 #endif
66 #ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67 # define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68 #endif
69 
70 /*
71 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76 **
77 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81 ** noop macros.
82 */
83 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85 
86 /*
87 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88 */
89 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
91 #endif
92 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94 #endif
95 
96 /*
97 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98 **
99 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
110 **
111 ** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112 ** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118 ** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119 ** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120 ** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121 **
122 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125 */
126 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.23.1"
127 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3023001
128 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-04-10 17:39:29 4bb2294022060e61de7da5c227a69ccd846ba330e31626ebcd59a94efd148b3b"
129 
130 /*
131 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133 **
134 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139 ** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
141 **
142 ** <blockquote><pre>
143 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144 ** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
147 **
148 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157 ** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158 ** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159 **
160 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161 */
162 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166 
167 /*
168 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169 **
170 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174 **
175 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181 **
182 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185 **
186 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188 */
189 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192 #endif
193 
194 /*
195 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
196 **
197 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
198 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
199 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
200 **
201 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
202 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
203 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
204 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
205 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
206 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
207 **
208 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
209 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
210 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
211 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
212 **
213 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
214 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
215 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
216 **
217 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
218 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
219 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
220 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
221 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
222 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
223 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
224 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
225 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
226 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
227 **
228 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
229 */
230 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
231 
232 /*
233 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
234 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
235 **
236 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
237 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
238 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
239 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
240 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
241 ** interfaces (such as
242 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
243 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
244 ** sqlite3 object.
245 */
246 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
247 
248 /*
249 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
250 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
251 **
252 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
253 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
254 **
255 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
256 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
257 ** compatibility only.
258 **
259 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
260 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
261 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
262 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
263 */
264 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
265   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
266 # ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
267     typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
268 # else
269     typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
270 # endif
271 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
272   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
273   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
274 #else
275   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
276   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
277 #endif
278 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
279 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
280 
281 /*
282 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
283 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
284 */
285 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
286 # define double sqlite3_int64
287 #endif
288 
289 /*
290 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
291 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
292 **
293 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
294 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
295 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
296 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
297 ** resources are deallocated.
298 **
299 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
300 ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
301 ** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
302 ** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
303 ** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
304 ** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
305 ** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
306 ** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
307 ** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
308 ** destructors are called is arbitrary.
309 **
310 ** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
311 ** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
312 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
313 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
314 ** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
315 ** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
316 ** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
317 ** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
318 ** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
319 **
320 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
321 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
322 **
323 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
324 ** must be either a NULL
325 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
326 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
327 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
328 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
329 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
330 */
331 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
332 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
333 
334 /*
335 ** The type for a callback function.
336 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
337 ** compatibility and is not documented.
338 */
339 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
340 
341 /*
342 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
343 ** METHOD: sqlite3
344 **
345 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
346 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
347 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
348 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
349 **
350 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
351 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
352 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
353 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
354 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
355 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
356 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
357 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
358 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
359 ** ignored.
360 **
361 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
362 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
363 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
364 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
365 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
366 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
367 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
368 ** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
369 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
370 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
371 ** NULL before returning.
372 **
373 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
374 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
375 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
376 **
377 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
378 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
379 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
380 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
381 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
382 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
383 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
384 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
385 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
386 **
387 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
388 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
389 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
390 ** is not changed.
391 **
392 ** Restrictions:
393 **
394 ** <ul>
395 ** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
396 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
397 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
398 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
399 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
400 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
401 ** </ul>
402 */
403 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
404   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
405   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
406   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
407   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
408   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
409 );
410 
411 /*
412 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
413 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
414 **
415 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
416 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
417 **
418 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
419 **
420 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
421 */
422 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
423 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
424 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
425 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
426 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
427 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
428 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
429 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
430 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
431 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
432 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
433 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
434 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
435 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
436 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
437 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
438 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
439 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
440 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
441 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
442 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
443 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
444 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
445 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
446 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
447 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
448 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
449 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
450 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
451 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
452 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
453 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
454 /* end-of-error-codes */
455 
456 /*
457 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
458 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
459 **
460 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
461 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
462 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
463 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
464 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
465 ** and later) include
466 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
467 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
468 ** on a per database connection basis using the
469 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
470 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
471 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
472 */
473 #define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
474 #define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
475 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
476 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
477 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
478 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
479 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
480 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
481 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
482 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
483 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
484 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
485 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
486 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
487 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
488 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
489 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
490 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
491 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
492 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
493 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
494 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
495 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
496 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
497 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
501 #define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
502 #define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
503 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
504 #define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
505 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
506 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
507 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
508 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
509 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
510 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
511 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
512 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
513 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
514 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
515 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
516 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
517 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
518 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
519 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
520 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
521 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
522 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
523 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
524 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
525 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
526 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
527 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
528 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
529 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
530 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
531 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
532 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
533 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
534 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
535 #define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
536 
537 /*
538 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
539 **
540 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
541 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
542 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
543 */
544 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
545 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
546 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
547 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
548 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
549 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
550 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
551 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
552 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
553 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
554 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
555 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
556 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
557 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
558 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
559 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
560 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
563 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
564 
565 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
566 
567 /*
568 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
569 **
570 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
571 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
572 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
573 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
574 ** refers to.
575 **
576 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
577 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
578 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
579 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
580 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
581 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
582 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
583 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
584 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
585 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
586 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
587 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
588 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
589 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
590 ** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
591 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
592 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
593 ** elevated privileges.
594 **
595 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
596 ** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
597 ** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
598 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
599 */
600 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
601 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
602 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
603 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
604 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
605 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
606 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
607 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
608 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
609 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
610 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
611 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
612 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
613 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
614 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
615 
616 /*
617 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
618 **
619 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
620 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
621 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
622 */
623 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
624 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
625 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
626 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
627 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
628 
629 /*
630 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
631 **
632 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
633 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
634 ** these integer values as the second argument.
635 **
636 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
637 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
638 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
639 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
640 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
641 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
642 **
643 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
644 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
645 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
646 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
647 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
648 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
649 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
650 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
651 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
652 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
653 ** cares about the difference.)
654 */
655 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
656 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
657 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
658 
659 /*
660 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
661 **
662 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
663 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
664 ** implementations will
665 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
666 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
667 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
668 ** I/O operations on the open file.
669 */
670 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
671 struct sqlite3_file {
672   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
673 };
674 
675 /*
676 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
677 **
678 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
679 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
680 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
681 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
682 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
683 **
684 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
685 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
686 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
687 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
688 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
689 ** to NULL.
690 **
691 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
692 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
693 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
694 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
695 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
696 **
697 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
698 ** <ul>
699 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
700 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
701 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
702 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
703 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
704 ** </ul>
705 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
706 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
707 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
708 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
709 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
710 **
711 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
712 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
713 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
714 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
715 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
716 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
717 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
718 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
719 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
720 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
721 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
722 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
723 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
724 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
725 ** recognize.
726 **
727 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
728 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
729 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
730 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
731 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
732 ** underlying device:
733 **
734 ** <ul>
735 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
736 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
737 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
738 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
739 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
740 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
741 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
742 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
743 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
744 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
745 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
746 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
747 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
748 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
749 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
750 ** </ul>
751 **
752 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
753 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
754 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
755 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
756 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
757 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
758 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
759 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
760 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
761 ** to xWrite().
762 **
763 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
764 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
765 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
766 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
767 ** database corruption.
768 */
769 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
770 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
771   int iVersion;
772   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
773   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
774   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
775   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
776   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
777   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
778   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
779   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
780   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
781   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
782   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
783   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
784   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
785   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
786   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
787   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
788   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
789   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
790   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
791   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
792   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
793   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
794 };
795 
796 /*
797 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
798 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
799 **
800 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
801 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
802 ** interface.
803 **
804 ** <ul>
805 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
806 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
807 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
808 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
809 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
810 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
811 ** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
812 ** compile-time option is used.
813 **
814 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
815 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
816 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
817 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
818 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
819 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
820 ** file run faster.
821 **
822 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
823 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
824 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
825 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
826 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
827 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
828 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
829 ** improve performance on some systems.
830 **
831 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
832 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
833 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
834 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
835 **
836 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
837 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
838 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
839 ** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
840 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
841 **
842 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
843 ** No longer in use.
844 **
845 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
846 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
847 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
848 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
849 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
850 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
851 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
852 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
853 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
854 ** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
855 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
856 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
857 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
858 **
859 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
860 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
861 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
862 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
863 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
864 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
865 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
866 **
867 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
868 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
869 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
870 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
871 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
872 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
873 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
874 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
875 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
876 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
877 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
878 ** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
879 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
880 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
881 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
882 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
883 **
884 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
885 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
886 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
887 ** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
888 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
889 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
890 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
891 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
892 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
893 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
894 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
895 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
896 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
897 ** WAL persistence setting.
898 **
899 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
900 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
901 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
902 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
903 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
904 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
905 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
906 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
907 ** zero-damage mode setting.
908 **
909 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
910 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
911 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
912 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
913 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
914 **
915 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
916 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
917 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
918 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
919 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
920 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
921 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
922 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
923 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
924 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
925 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
926 **
927 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
928 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
929 ** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
930 ** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
931 ** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
932 ** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
933 ** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
934 ** upper-most shim only.
935 **
936 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
937 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
938 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
939 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
940 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
941 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
942 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
943 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
944 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
945 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
946 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
947 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
948 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
949 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
950 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
951 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
952 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
953 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
954 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
955 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
956 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
957 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
958 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
959 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
960 **
961 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
962 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
963 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
964 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
965 ** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
966 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
967 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
968 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
969 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
970 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
971 ** current operation.
972 **
973 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
974 ** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
975 ** to have SQLite generate a
976 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
977 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
978 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
979 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
980 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
981 **
982 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
983 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
984 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
985 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
986 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
987 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
988 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
989 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
990 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
991 **
992 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
993 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
994 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
995 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
996 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
997 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
998 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
999 **
1000 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1001 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1002 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1003 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1004 ** was first opened.
1005 **
1006 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1007 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1008 ** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1009 ** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1010 ** writes the resulting value there.
1011 **
1012 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1013 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1014 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1015 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1016 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1017 **
1018 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1019 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1020 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1021 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1022 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1023 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1024 **
1025 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1026 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1027 ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1028 **
1029 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1030 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1031 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1032 ** this opcode.
1033 **
1034 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1035 ** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1036 ** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1037 ** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1038 ** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1039 ** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1040 ** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1041 ** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1042 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1043 ** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1044 ** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1045 ** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1046 **
1047 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1048 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1049 ** operations since the previous successful call to
1050 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1051 ** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1052 ** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1053 ** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1054 ** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1055 ** write operations are independent.
1056 ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1057 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1058 **
1059 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1060 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1061 ** operations since the previous successful call to
1062 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1063 ** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1064 ** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1065 ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1066 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1067 **
1068 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1069 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
1070 ** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
1071 ** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single
1072 ** unsigned integer parameter.
1073 ** </ul>
1074 */
1075 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1076 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1077 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1078 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1079 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1080 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1081 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1082 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1083 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1084 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1085 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1086 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1087 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1088 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1089 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1090 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1091 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1092 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1093 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1094 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1095 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1096 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1097 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1098 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1099 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1100 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1101 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1102 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1103 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1104 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1105 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1106 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1107 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1108 
1109 /* deprecated names */
1110 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1111 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1112 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1113 
1114 
1115 /*
1116 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1117 **
1118 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1119 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1120 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1121 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1122 **
1123 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1124 */
1125 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1126 
1127 /*
1128 ** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1129 **
1130 ** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1131 ** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1132 ** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1133 ** on some platforms.
1134 */
1135 typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1136 
1137 /*
1138 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1139 **
1140 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1141 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1142 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1143 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1144 **
1145 ** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1146 ** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1147 ** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1148 ** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1149 ** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1150 ** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1151 ** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1152 ** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1153 ** Note that the structure
1154 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
1155 ** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1156 ** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
1157 **
1158 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1159 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1160 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1161 **
1162 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1163 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1164 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1165 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1166 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1167 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1168 **
1169 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1170 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1171 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1172 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1173 ** object once the object has been registered.
1174 **
1175 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1176 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1177 **
1178 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1179 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1180 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1181 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1182 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1183 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1184 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1185 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1186 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1187 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1188 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1189 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1190 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1191 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1192 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1193 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1194 **
1195 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1196 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1197 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1198 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1199 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1200 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1201 **
1202 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1203 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1204 **
1205 ** <ul>
1206 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1207 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1208 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1209 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1210 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1211 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1212 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1213 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1214 ** </ul>)^
1215 **
1216 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1217 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1218 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1219 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1220 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1221 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1222 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1223 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1224 **
1225 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1226 **
1227 ** <ul>
1228 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1229 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1230 ** </ul>
1231 **
1232 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1233 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1234 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1235 ** databases, and subjournals.
1236 **
1237 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1238 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1239 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1240 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1241 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1242 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1243 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1244 ** for exclusive access.
1245 **
1246 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1247 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1248 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1249 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1250 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1251 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1252 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1253 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1254 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1255 **
1256 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1257 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1258 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1259 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1260 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1261 ** directory.
1262 **
1263 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1264 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1265 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1266 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1267 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1268 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1269 **
1270 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1271 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1272 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1273 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1274 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1275 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1276 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1277 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1278 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1279 ** a floating point value.
1280 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1281 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1282 ** a 24-hour day).
1283 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1284 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1285 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1286 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1287 **
1288 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1289 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1290 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1291 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1292 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1293 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1294 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1295 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1296 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1297 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1298 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1299 */
1300 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1301 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1302 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1303   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1304   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1305   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1306   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1307   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1308   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1309   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1310                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1311   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1312   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1313   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1314   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1315   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1316   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1317   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1318   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1319   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1320   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1321   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1322   /*
1323   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1324   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1325   */
1326   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1327   /*
1328   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1329   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1330   */
1331   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1332   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1333   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1334   /*
1335   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1336   ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1337   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1338   */
1339 };
1340 
1341 /*
1342 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1343 **
1344 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1345 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1346 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1347 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1348 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1349 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1350 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1351 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1352 ** the directory).
1353 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1354 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1355 ** release of SQLite.
1356 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1357 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1358 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1359 ** SQLite.
1360 */
1361 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1362 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1363 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1364 
1365 /*
1366 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1367 **
1368 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1369 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1370 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1371 ** xShmLock method:
1372 **
1373 ** <ul>
1374 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1375 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1376 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1377 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1378 ** </ul>
1379 **
1380 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1381 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
1382 **
1383 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1384 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1385 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1386 */
1387 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1388 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1389 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1390 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1391 
1392 /*
1393 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1394 **
1395 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1396 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1397 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1398 ** lock outside of this range
1399 */
1400 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1401 
1402 
1403 /*
1404 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1405 **
1406 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1407 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1408 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1409 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1410 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1411 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1412 **
1413 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1414 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1415 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1416 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1417 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1418 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1419 **
1420 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1421 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1422 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1423 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1424 **
1425 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1426 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1427 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1428 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1429 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1430 **
1431 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1432 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1433 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1434 **
1435 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1436 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1437 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1438 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1439 **
1440 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1441 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1442 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1443 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1444 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1445 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1446 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1447 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1448 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1449 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1450 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1451 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1452 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1453 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1454 **
1455 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1456 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1457 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1458 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1459 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1460 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1461 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1462 **
1463 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1464 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1465 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1466 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1467 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1468 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1469 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1470 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1471 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1472 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1473 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1474 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1475 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1476 ** failure.
1477 */
1478 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1479 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1480 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1481 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1482 
1483 /*
1484 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1485 **
1486 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1487 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1488 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1489 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1490 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1491 **
1492 ** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1493 ** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1494 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1495 **
1496 ** The sqlite3_config() interface
1497 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1498 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1499 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1500 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1501 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1502 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1503 **
1504 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1505 ** [configuration option] that determines
1506 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1507 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1508 ** in the first argument.
1509 **
1510 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1511 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1512 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1513 */
1514 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1515 
1516 /*
1517 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1518 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1519 **
1520 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1521 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1522 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1523 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1524 **
1525 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1526 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1527 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1528 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1529 **
1530 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1531 ** the call is considered successful.
1532 */
1533 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1534 
1535 /*
1536 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1537 **
1538 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1539 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1540 **
1541 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1542 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1543 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1544 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1545 ** By creating an instance of this object
1546 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1547 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1548 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1549 ** dynamic memory needs.
1550 **
1551 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1552 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1553 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1554 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1555 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1556 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1557 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1558 ** conditions.
1559 **
1560 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1561 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1562 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1563 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1564 **
1565 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1566 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1567 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1568 **
1569 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1570 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1571 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1572 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1573 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1574 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1575 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1576 **
1577 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1578 ** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1579 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1580 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1581 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1582 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1583 **
1584 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1585 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1586 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1587 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1588 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1589 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1590 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1591 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1592 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1593 ** serialization.
1594 **
1595 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1596 ** call to xShutdown().
1597 */
1598 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1599 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1600   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1601   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1602   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1603   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1604   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1605   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1606   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1607   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1608 };
1609 
1610 /*
1611 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1612 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1613 **
1614 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1615 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1616 **
1617 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1618 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1619 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1620 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1621 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1622 ** is invoked.
1623 **
1624 ** <dl>
1625 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1626 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1627 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1628 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1629 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1630 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1631 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1632 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1633 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1634 ** configuration option.</dd>
1635 **
1636 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1637 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1638 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1639 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1640 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1641 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1642 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1643 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1644 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1645 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1646 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1647 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1648 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1649 **
1650 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1651 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1652 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1653 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1654 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1655 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1656 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1657 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1658 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1659 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1660 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1661 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1662 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1663 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1664 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1665 **
1666 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1667 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1668 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1669 ** The argument specifies
1670 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1671 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1672 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1673 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1674 **
1675 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1676 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1677 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1678 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1679 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1680 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1681 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1682 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1683 **
1684 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1685 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1686 ** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1687 ** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1688 ** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1689 ** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1690 ** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1691 ** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1692 ** </dd>
1693 **
1694 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1695 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1696 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1697 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1698 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1699 **   <ul>
1700 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1701 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1702 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1703 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1704 **   </ul>)^
1705 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1706 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1707 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1708 ** </dd>
1709 **
1710 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1711 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1712 ** </dd>
1713 **
1714 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1715 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1716 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1717 ** cache implementation.
1718 ** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1719 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1720 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1721 ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1722 ** and the number of cache lines (N).
1723 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1724 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1725 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1726 ** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1727 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1728 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1729 ** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1730 ** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1731 ** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1732 ** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1733 ** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1734 ** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1735 ** is exhausted.
1736 ** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1737 ** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1738 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1739 ** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1740 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1741 ** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1742 ** additional cache line. </dd>
1743 **
1744 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1745 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1746 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1747 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1748 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1749 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1750 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1751 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1752 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1753 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1754 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1755 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1756 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1757 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1758 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1759 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1760 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1761 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1762 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1763 **
1764 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1765 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1766 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1767 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1768 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1769 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1770 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1771 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1772 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1773 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1774 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1775 **
1776 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1777 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1778 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1779 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1780 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1781 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1782 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1783 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1784 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1785 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1786 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1787 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1788 **
1789 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1790 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1791 ** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1792 ** The first argument is the
1793 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1794 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1795 ** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1796 ** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1797 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1798 **
1799 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1800 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1801 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1802 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1803 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1804 **
1805 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1806 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1807 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1808 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1809 **
1810 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1811 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1812 ** global [error log].
1813 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1814 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1815 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1816 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1817 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1818 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1819 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1820 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1821 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1822 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1823 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1824 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1825 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1826 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1827 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1828 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1829 **
1830 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1831 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1832 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1833 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1834 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1835 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1836 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1837 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1838 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1839 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1840 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1841 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1842 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1843 **
1844 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1845 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1846 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1847 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1848 ** ^The default setting is determined
1849 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1850 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1851 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1852 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1853 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1854 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1855 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1856 **
1857 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1858 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1859 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1860 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1861 ** </dd>
1862 **
1863 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1864 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1865 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1866 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1867 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1868 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1869 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1870 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1871 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1872 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1873 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1874 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1875 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1876 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1877 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1878 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1879 **
1880 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1881 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1882 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1883 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1884 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1885 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1886 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1887 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1888 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1889 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1890 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1891 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1892 ** changed to its compile-time default.
1893 **
1894 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1895 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1896 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1897 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1898 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1899 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1900 **
1901 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1902 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1903 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1904 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1905 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1906 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1907 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
1908 **
1909 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1910 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1911 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1912 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1913 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1914 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1915 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1916 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1917 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1918 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1919 **
1920 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1921 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1922 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1923 ** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1924 ** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1925 ** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1926 ** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1927 ** exclusively in memory.
1928 ** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1929 ** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1930 ** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1931 ** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1932 ** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1933 ** </dl>
1934 */
1935 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1936 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1937 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1938 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1939 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1940 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
1941 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1942 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1943 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1944 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1945 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1946 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1947 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1948 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1949 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1950 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1951 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1952 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1953 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1954 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1955 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1956 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1957 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1958 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1959 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1960 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1961 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
1962 
1963 /*
1964 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1965 **
1966 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1967 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1968 **
1969 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1970 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1971 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1972 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1973 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1974 ** is invoked.
1975 **
1976 ** <dl>
1977 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1978 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1979 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1980 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1981 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1982 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1983 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1984 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1985 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1986 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1987 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1988 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1989 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1990 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1991 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1992 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1993 ** when the "current value" returned by
1994 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1995 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1996 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1997 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1998 **
1999 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2000 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2001 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2002 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2003 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2004 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2005 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2006 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2007 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2008 **
2009 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2010 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2011 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2012 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2013 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2014 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2015 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2016 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2017 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2018 **
2019 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2020 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
2021 ** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2022 ** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2023 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2024 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2025 ** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2026 ** unchanged.
2027 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2028 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2029 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2030 ** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2031 **
2032 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2033 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2034 ** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2035 ** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2036 ** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2037 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2038 ** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2039 ** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2040 ** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2041 ** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2042 ** C-API or the SQL function.
2043 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2044 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2045 ** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2046 ** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2047 ** </dd>
2048 **
2049 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2050 ** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2051 ** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2052 ** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2053 ** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2054 ** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2055 ** until after the database connection closes.
2056 ** </dd>
2057 **
2058 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2059 ** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2060 ** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2061 ** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2062 ** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2063 ** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2064 ** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2065 ** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2066 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2067 ** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2068 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2069 ** </dd>
2070 **
2071 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2072 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2073 ** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2074 ** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2075 ** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2076 ** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2077 ** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2078 ** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2079 ** was used during testing in the lab.
2080 ** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2081 ** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2082 ** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2083 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2084 ** following this call.
2085 ** </dd>
2086 **
2087 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2088 ** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2089 ** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2090 ** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2091 ** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2092 ** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2093 ** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2094 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2095 ** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2096 ** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2097 ** </dd>
2098 ** </dl>
2099 */
2100 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2101 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2102 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2103 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2104 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2105 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2106 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2107 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2108 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2109 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1008 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2110 
2111 /*
2112 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2113 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2114 **
2115 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2116 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2117 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2118 */
2119 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2120 
2121 /*
2122 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2123 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2124 **
2125 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2126 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
2127 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2128 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2129 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2130 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2131 ** is another alias for the rowid.
2132 **
2133 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2134 ** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2135 ** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2136 ** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2137 ** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2138 ** zero.
2139 **
2140 ** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2141 ** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2142 ** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2143 **
2144 ** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2145 ** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2146 ** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2147 ** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2148 ** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2149 ** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2150 ** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2151 ** control to the user.
2152 **
2153 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2154 ** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2155 ** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2156 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2157 **
2158 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2159 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2160 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2161 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2162 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2163 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2164 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2165 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2166 ** the return value of this interface.)^
2167 **
2168 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2169 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2170 **
2171 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2172 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2173 **
2174 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2175 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2176 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2177 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2178 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2179 ** last insert [rowid].
2180 */
2181 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2182 
2183 /*
2184 ** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2185 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2186 **
2187 ** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2188 ** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2189 ** without inserting a row into the database.
2190 */
2191 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2192 
2193 /*
2194 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2195 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2196 **
2197 ** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2198 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2199 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2200 ** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2201 ** returned by this function.
2202 **
2203 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2204 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2205 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2206 **
2207 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2208 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2209 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2210 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2211 ** tables are counted.
2212 **
2213 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2214 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2215 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2216 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2217 **
2218 ** <ul>
2219 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2220 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2221 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2222 **
2223 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2224 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2225 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2226 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2227 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2228 ** </ul>
2229 **
2230 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2231 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2232 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2233 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2234 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2235 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2236 **
2237 ** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2238 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2239 **
2240 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2241 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2242 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2243 */
2244 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2245 
2246 /*
2247 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2248 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2249 **
2250 ** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2251 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2252 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2253 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2254 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2255 **
2256 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2257 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2258 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2259 ** are not counted.
2260 **
2261 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2262 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2263 **
2264 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2265 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2266 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2267 */
2268 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2269 
2270 /*
2271 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2272 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2273 **
2274 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2275 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2276 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2277 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2278 ** immediately.
2279 **
2280 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2281 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2282 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2283 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2284 **
2285 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2286 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2287 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2288 **
2289 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2290 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2291 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2292 ** will be rolled back automatically.
2293 **
2294 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2295 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2296 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2297 ** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2298 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2299 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2300 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2301 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2302 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2303 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2304 */
2305 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2306 
2307 /*
2308 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2309 **
2310 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2311 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2312 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2313 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2314 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2315 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2316 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2317 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2318 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2319 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2320 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2321 **
2322 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2323 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2324 **
2325 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2326 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2327 **
2328 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2329 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2330 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2331 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2332 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2333 **
2334 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2335 ** UTF-8 string.
2336 **
2337 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2338 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2339 */
2340 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2341 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2342 
2343 /*
2344 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2345 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2346 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2347 **
2348 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2349 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2350 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2351 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2352 ** or process has the table locked.
2353 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2354 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2355 **
2356 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2357 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2358 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2359 **
2360 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2361 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2362 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2363 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2364 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2365 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2366 ** to the application.
2367 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2368 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2369 **
2370 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2371 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2372 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2373 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2374 ** busy handler.
2375 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2376 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2377 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2378 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2379 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2380 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2381 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2382 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2383 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2384 ** the second process to proceed.
2385 **
2386 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2387 **
2388 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2389 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2390 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2391 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2392 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2393 **
2394 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2395 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2396 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2397 ** result in undefined behavior.
2398 **
2399 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2400 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2401 */
2402 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2403 
2404 /*
2405 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2406 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2407 **
2408 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2409 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2410 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2411 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2412 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2413 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2414 **
2415 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2416 ** turns off all busy handlers.
2417 **
2418 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2419 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2420 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2421 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2422 **
2423 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2424 */
2425 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2426 
2427 /*
2428 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2429 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2430 **
2431 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2432 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2433 **
2434 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2435 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2436 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
2437 **
2438 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2439 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2440 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2441 ** and M be the number of columns.
2442 **
2443 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2444 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2445 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2446 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2447 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2448 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2449 **
2450 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2451 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2452 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2453 **
2454 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2455 ** is as follows:
2456 **
2457 ** <blockquote><pre>
2458 **        Name        | Age
2459 **        -----------------------
2460 **        Alice       | 43
2461 **        Bob         | 28
2462 **        Cindy       | 21
2463 ** </pre></blockquote>
2464 **
2465 ** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2466 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2467 ** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2468 **
2469 ** <blockquote><pre>
2470 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2471 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2472 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2473 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2474 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2475 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2476 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2477 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2478 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
2479 **
2480 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2481 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2482 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2483 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2484 **
2485 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2486 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2487 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2488 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2489 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2490 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2491 **
2492 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2493 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2494 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2495 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2496 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2497 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2498 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2499 */
2500 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
2501   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2502   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2503   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2504   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2505   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2506   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2507 );
2508 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2509 
2510 /*
2511 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2512 **
2513 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2514 ** from the standard C library.
2515 ** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2516 ** the standard library printf()
2517 ** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2518 ** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2519 **
2520 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2521 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2522 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2523 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2524 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2525 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
2526 **
2527 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2528 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2529 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2530 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2531 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2532 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2533 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2534 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2535 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2536 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2537 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2538 ** now without breaking compatibility.
2539 **
2540 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2541 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2542 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2543 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2544 ** written will be n-1 characters.
2545 **
2546 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2547 **
2548 ** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2549 */
2550 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2551 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2552 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2553 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2554 
2555 /*
2556 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2557 **
2558 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2559 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2560 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2561 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2562 **
2563 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2564 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2565 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2566 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2567 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2568 ** a NULL pointer.
2569 **
2570 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2571 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2572 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2573 **
2574 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2575 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2576 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2577 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2578 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2579 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2580 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2581 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2582 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2583 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2584 **
2585 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2586 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2587 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2588 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2589 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2590 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2591 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2592 ** sqlite3_free(X).
2593 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2594 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2595 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2596 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2597 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2598 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2599 ** prior allocation is not freed.
2600 **
2601 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2602 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2603 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2604 **
2605 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2606 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2607 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2608 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2609 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2610 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2611 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2612 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2613 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2614 **
2615 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2616 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2617 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2618 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2619 ** option is used.
2620 **
2621 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2622 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2623 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2624 ** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2625 **
2626 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2627 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2628 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2629 ** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2630 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2631 ** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2632 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2633 **
2634 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2635 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2636 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2637 ** not yet been released.
2638 **
2639 ** The application must not read or write any part of
2640 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
2641 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2642 */
2643 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2644 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2645 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2646 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2647 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
2648 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2649 
2650 /*
2651 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2652 **
2653 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2654 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2655 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2656 **
2657 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2658 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2659 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2660 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2661 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2662 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2663 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2664 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2665 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2666 **
2667 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2668 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2669 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2670 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2671 ** prior to the reset.
2672 */
2673 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2674 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2675 
2676 /*
2677 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2678 **
2679 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2680 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2681 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2682 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2683 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2684 **
2685 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2686 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2687 **
2688 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2689 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2690 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2691 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2692 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2693 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2694 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2695 ** method.
2696 */
2697 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2698 
2699 /*
2700 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2701 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2702 ** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2703 **
2704 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2705 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2706 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2707 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2708 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2709 ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2710 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2711 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2712 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2713 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2714 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2715 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2716 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2717 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2718 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2719 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2720 **
2721 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2722 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2723 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2724 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2725 ** access is denied.
2726 **
2727 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2728 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2729 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2730 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2731 ** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2732 ** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2733 ** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2734 ** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2735 **
2736 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2737 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2738 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2739 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2740 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2741 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2742 ** columns of a table.
2743 ** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2744 ** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2745 ** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2746 ** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2747 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2748 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2749 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2750 **
2751 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2752 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2753 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2754 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2755 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2756 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2757 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2758 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2759 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2760 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2761 **
2762 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2763 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2764 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2765 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
2766 **
2767 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2768 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2769 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2770 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2771 **
2772 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2773 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2774 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2775 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2776 **
2777 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2778 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2779 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2780 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2781 **
2782 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2783 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2784 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2785 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2786 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2787 */
2788 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2789   sqlite3*,
2790   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2791   void *pUserData
2792 );
2793 
2794 /*
2795 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2796 **
2797 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2798 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2799 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2800 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2801 ** information.
2802 **
2803 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2804 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2805 */
2806 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2807 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2808 
2809 /*
2810 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2811 **
2812 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2813 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2814 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2815 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2816 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2817 **
2818 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2819 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2820 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2821 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2822 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2823 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2824 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2825 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2826 ** top-level SQL code.
2827 */
2828 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2829 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2830 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2831 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2832 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2833 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2834 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2835 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2836 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2837 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2838 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2839 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2840 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2841 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2842 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2843 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2844 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2845 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2846 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2847 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2848 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2849 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2850 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2851 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2852 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2853 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2854 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2855 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2856 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2857 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2858 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2859 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2860 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2861 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2862 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2863 
2864 /*
2865 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2866 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2867 **
2868 ** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2869 ** instead of the routines described here.
2870 **
2871 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2872 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2873 **
2874 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2875 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2876 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2877 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2878 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2879 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2880 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2881 **
2882 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2883 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2884 **
2885 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2886 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2887 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2888 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2889 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2890 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2891 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2892 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2893 ** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2894 ** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2895 */
2896 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2897    void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2898 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2899    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2900 
2901 /*
2902 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2903 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2904 **
2905 ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2906 ** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
2907 ** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2908 ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2909 ** is one of the following constants.
2910 **
2911 ** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2912 **
2913 ** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2914 ** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2915 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2916 ** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2917 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2918 **
2919 ** <dl>
2920 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2921 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2922 ** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2923 ** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2924 ** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2925 ** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2926 ** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2927 ** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2928 ** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2929 ** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2930 ** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2931 **
2932 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2933 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2934 ** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2935 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2936 ** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2937 ** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2938 ** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2939 **
2940 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2941 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2942 ** statement generates a single row of result.
2943 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2944 ** X argument is unused.
2945 **
2946 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2947 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2948 ** connection closes.
2949 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2950 ** and the X argument is unused.
2951 ** </dl>
2952 */
2953 #define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
2954 #define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
2955 #define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
2956 #define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
2957 
2958 /*
2959 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
2960 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2961 **
2962 ** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
2963 ** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
2964 ** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
2965 ** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
2966 ** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
2967 ** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
2968 **
2969 ** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
2970 ** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
2971 **
2972 ** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
2973 ** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
2974 ** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
2975 ** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
2976 **
2977 ** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
2978 ** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
2979 ** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
2980 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
2981 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2982 **
2983 ** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
2984 ** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
2985 ** are deprecated.
2986 */
2987 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
2988   sqlite3*,
2989   unsigned uMask,
2990   int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
2991   void *pCtx
2992 );
2993 
2994 /*
2995 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2996 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2997 **
2998 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2999 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3000 ** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3001 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
3002 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3003 **
3004 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3005 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3006 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3007 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3008 ** handler is disabled.
3009 **
3010 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3011 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3012 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3013 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3014 ** than 1.
3015 **
3016 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3017 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3018 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3019 **
3020 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3021 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3022 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3023 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3024 **
3025 */
3026 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3027 
3028 /*
3029 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3030 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3031 **
3032 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3033 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3034 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3035 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3036 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3037 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3038 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3039 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3040 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3041 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3042 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3043 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3044 **
3045 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3046 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3047 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3048 **
3049 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3050 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3051 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3052 **
3053 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3054 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3055 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3056 ** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3057 ** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3058 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3059 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3060 **
3061 ** <dl>
3062 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3063 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3064 ** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3065 **
3066 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3067 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3068 ** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3069 ** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3070 **
3071 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3072 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3073 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3074 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3075 ** </dl>
3076 **
3077 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3078 ** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3079 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3080 ** then the behavior is undefined.
3081 **
3082 ** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3083 ** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3084 ** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3085 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3086 ** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3087 ** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3088 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3089 ** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3090 ** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3091 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3092 ** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3093 **
3094 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3095 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3096 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3097 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3098 **
3099 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3100 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3101 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3102 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3103 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3104 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3105 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3106 **
3107 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3108 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3109 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3110 **
3111 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3112 **
3113 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3114 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3115 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3116 ** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3117 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3118 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3119 ** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3120 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3121 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3122 ** information.
3123 **
3124 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3125 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3126 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3127 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3128 ** present, is ignored.
3129 **
3130 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3131 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3132 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3133 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3134 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3135 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3136 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3137 **
3138 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
3139 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3140 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3141 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3142 ** following query parameters:
3143 **
3144 ** <ul>
3145 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3146 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3147 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3148 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3149 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3150 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3151 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3152 **
3153 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3154 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3155 **     an error)^.
3156 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3157 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3158 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3159 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3160 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3161 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3162 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3163 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3164 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3165 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3166 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3167 **
3168 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3169 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3170 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3171 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3172 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3173 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3174 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3175 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3176 **
3177 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3178 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3179 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
3180 **
3181 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3182 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3183 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3184 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3185 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3186 **     processes uses nolock=1.
3187 **
3188 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3189 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3190 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3191 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3192 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3193 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3194 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3195 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3196 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3197 **
3198 ** </ul>
3199 **
3200 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3201 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3202 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3203 ** additional information.
3204 **
3205 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3206 **
3207 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3208 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3209 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3210 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3211 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3212 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3213 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3214 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3215 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3216 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3217 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3218 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3219 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3220 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3221 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3222 **          in URI filenames.
3223 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3224 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3225 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3226 **          default, use a private cache.
3227 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3228 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3229 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3230 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3231 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3232 ** </table>
3233 **
3234 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3235 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3236 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3237 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3238 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3239 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3240 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3241 ** the results are undefined.
3242 **
3243 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3244 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3245 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3246 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3247 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3248 **
3249 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3250 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3251 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3252 **
3253 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3254 */
3255 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
3256   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3257   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3258 );
3259 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
3260   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3261   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3262 );
3263 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
3264   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3265   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3266   int flags,              /* Flags */
3267   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3268 );
3269 
3270 /*
3271 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3272 **
3273 ** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3274 ** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3275 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3276 **
3277 ** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3278 ** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3279 ** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3280 ** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3281 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3282 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3283 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3284 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3285 ** a pointer to an empty string.
3286 **
3287 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3288 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3289 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3290 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3291 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3292 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3293 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3294 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3295 ** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3296 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3297 **
3298 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3299 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3300 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3301 ** zero is returned.
3302 **
3303 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3304 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3305 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3306 ** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3307 ** undesirable.
3308 */
3309 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3310 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3311 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3312 
3313 
3314 /*
3315 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3316 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3317 **
3318 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3319 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3320 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3321 ** API call.
3322 ** If the most recent API call was successful,
3323 ** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3324 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3325 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3326 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3327 ** disabled.
3328 **
3329 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3330 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3331 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3332 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3333 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3334 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3335 **
3336 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3337 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3338 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3339 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3340 **
3341 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3342 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3343 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3344 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3345 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3346 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3347 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3348 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3349 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3350 **
3351 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3352 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3353 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
3354 */
3355 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3356 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3357 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3358 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3359 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3360 
3361 /*
3362 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3363 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3364 **
3365 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3366 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3367 **
3368 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3369 ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3370 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3371 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
3372 **
3373 ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3374 **
3375 ** <ol>
3376 ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3377 ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3378 **      interfaces.
3379 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3380 ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3381 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3382 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3383 ** </ol>
3384 */
3385 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3386 
3387 /*
3388 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3389 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3390 **
3391 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3392 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3393 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3394 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3395 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3396 ** new limit for that construct.)^
3397 **
3398 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3399 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3400 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
3401 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3402 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3403 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3404 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3405 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3406 **
3407 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3408 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3409 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3410 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3411 **
3412 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3413 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3414 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3415 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3416 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3417 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3418 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3419 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3420 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3421 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3422 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3423 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3424 **
3425 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3426 */
3427 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3428 
3429 /*
3430 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3431 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3432 **
3433 ** These constants define various performance limits
3434 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3435 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3436 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3437 **
3438 ** <dl>
3439 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3440 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3441 **
3442 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3443 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3444 **
3445 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3446 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3447 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3448 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3449 **
3450 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3451 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3452 **
3453 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3454 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3455 **
3456 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3457 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3458 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3459 ** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3460 ** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3461 **
3462 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3463 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3464 **
3465 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3466 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3467 **
3468 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3469 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3470 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3471 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3472 **
3473 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3474 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3475 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3476 **
3477 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3478 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3479 **
3480 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3481 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3482 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3483 ** </dl>
3484 */
3485 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3486 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3487 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3488 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3489 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3490 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3491 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3492 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3493 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3494 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3495 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3496 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3497 
3498 /*
3499 ** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3500 **
3501 ** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3502 ** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3503 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3504 **
3505 ** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3506 **
3507 ** <dl>
3508 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3509 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3510 ** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3511 ** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3512 ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3513 ** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3514 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3515 ** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3516 ** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3517 ** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3518 ** </dl>
3519 */
3520 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3521 
3522 /*
3523 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3524 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3525 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3526 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3527 **
3528 ** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3529 ** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3530 ** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3531 **
3532 ** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3533 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3534 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3535 ** for special purposes.
3536 **
3537 ** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3538 ** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3539 ** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3540 ** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3541 **
3542 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3543 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3544 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3545 **
3546 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3547 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3548 ** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3549 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3550 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3551 **
3552 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3553 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3554 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3555 ** statement is generated.
3556 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3557 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3558 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3559 ** the nul-terminator.
3560 **
3561 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3562 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3563 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3564 ** what remains uncompiled.
3565 **
3566 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3567 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3568 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3569 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3570 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3571 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3572 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3573 **
3574 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3575 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3576 **
3577 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3578 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3579 ** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3580 ** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3581 ** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3582 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3583 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3584 ** behave differently in three ways:
3585 **
3586 ** <ol>
3587 ** <li>
3588 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3589 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3590 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3591 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3592 ** </li>
3593 **
3594 ** <li>
3595 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3596 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3597 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3598 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3599 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3600 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3601 ** </li>
3602 **
3603 ** <li>
3604 ** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3605 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3606 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3607 ** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3608 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3609 ** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3610 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3611 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3612 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3613 ** </li>
3614 ** </ol>
3615 **
3616 ** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3617 ** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3618 ** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3619 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3620 ** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3621 */
3622 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
3623   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3624   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3625   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3626   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3627   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3628 );
3629 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3630   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3631   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3632   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3633   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3634   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3635 );
3636 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3637   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3638   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3639   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3640   unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3641   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3642   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3643 );
3644 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
3645   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3646   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3647   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3648   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3649   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3650 );
3651 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3652   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3653   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3654   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3655   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3656   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3657 );
3658 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3659   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3660   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3661   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3662   unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3663   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3664   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3665 );
3666 
3667 /*
3668 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3669 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3670 **
3671 ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3672 ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3673 ** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3674 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3675 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3676 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3677 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
3678 **
3679 ** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3680 ** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3681 ** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3682 ** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3683 ** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3684 **
3685 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3686 ** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3687 ** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3688 **
3689 ** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3690 ** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3691 ** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3692 **
3693 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3694 ** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3695 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3696 ** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3697 ** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3698 */
3699 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3700 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3701 
3702 /*
3703 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3704 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3705 **
3706 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3707 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3708 ** the content of the database file.
3709 **
3710 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3711 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3712 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3713 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3714 ** change the database file through side-effects:
3715 **
3716 ** <blockquote><pre>
3717 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3718 ** </pre></blockquote>
3719 **
3720 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3721 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3722 **
3723 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3724 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3725 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3726 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3727 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3728 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3729 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3730 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3731 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3732 ** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3733 ** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3734 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3735 */
3736 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3737 
3738 /*
3739 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3740 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3741 **
3742 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3743 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3744 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3745 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3746 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3747 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3748 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3749 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3750 **
3751 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3752 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3753 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3754 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3755 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3756 */
3757 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3758 
3759 /*
3760 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3761 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3762 **
3763 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3764 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3765 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3766 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3767 **
3768 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3769 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3770 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3771 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3772 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3773 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3774 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3775 **
3776 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3777 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3778 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3779 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3780 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3781 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3782 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3783 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3784 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3785 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3786 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3787 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3788 **
3789 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3790 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3791 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3792 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3793 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
3794 ** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
3795 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
3796 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3797 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3798 */
3799 typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
3800 
3801 /*
3802 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3803 **
3804 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3805 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3806 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3807 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3808 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3809 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3810 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3811 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3812 */
3813 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3814 
3815 /*
3816 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3817 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3818 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3819 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3820 **
3821 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3822 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3823 ** templates:
3824 **
3825 ** <ul>
3826 ** <li>  ?
3827 ** <li>  ?NNN
3828 ** <li>  :VVV
3829 ** <li>  @VVV
3830 ** <li>  $VVV
3831 ** </ul>
3832 **
3833 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3834 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3835 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3836 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3837 **
3838 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3839 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3840 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3841 **
3842 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3843 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3844 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3845 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3846 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3847 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3848 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3849 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3850 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3851 **
3852 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3853 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3854 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3855 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3856 **
3857 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3858 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3859 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3860 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3861 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
3862 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3863 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3864 ** the behavior is undefined.
3865 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3866 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3867 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
3868 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3869 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3870 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3871 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3872 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3873 **
3874 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3875 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3876 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3877 ** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3878 ** ^If the fifth argument is
3879 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3880 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3881 ** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3882 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3883 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3884 **
3885 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3886 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3887 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3888 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3889 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3890 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3891 ** is undefined.
3892 **
3893 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3894 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3895 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3896 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3897 ** content is later written using
3898 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3899 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3900 **
3901 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
3902 ** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
3903 ** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
3904 ** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
3905 ** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
3906 ** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
3907 ** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
3908 ** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
3909 **
3910 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3911 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3912 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3913 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3914 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3915 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3916 **
3917 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3918 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3919 **
3920 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3921 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3922 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3923 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3924 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3925 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3926 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3927 **
3928 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3929 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3930 */
3931 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3932 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3933                         void(*)(void*));
3934 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3935 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3936 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3937 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3938 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3939 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3940 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3941                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3942 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3943 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
3944 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3945 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3946 
3947 /*
3948 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3949 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3950 **
3951 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3952 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3953 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3954 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3955 ** to the parameters at a later time.
3956 **
3957 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3958 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3959 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3960 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3961 **
3962 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3963 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3964 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3965 */
3966 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3967 
3968 /*
3969 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3970 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3971 **
3972 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3973 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3974 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3975 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3976 ** respectively.
3977 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3978 ** is included as part of the name.)^
3979 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3980 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3981 **
3982 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3983 **
3984 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3985 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3986 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3987 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
3988 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3989 **
3990 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3991 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3992 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3993 */
3994 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3995 
3996 /*
3997 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3998 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3999 **
4000 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4001 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4002 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4003 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4004 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4005 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4006 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4007 **
4008 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4009 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4010 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4011 */
4012 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4013 
4014 /*
4015 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4016 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4017 **
4018 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4019 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4020 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4021 */
4022 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4023 
4024 /*
4025 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4026 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4027 **
4028 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4029 ** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4030 ** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4031 ** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4032 ** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4033 ** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4034 ** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4035 **
4036 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4037 */
4038 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4039 
4040 /*
4041 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4042 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4043 **
4044 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4045 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4046 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4047 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4048 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4049 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4050 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4051 **
4052 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4053 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4054 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4055 ** or until the next call to
4056 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4057 **
4058 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4059 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4060 ** NULL pointer is returned.
4061 **
4062 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4063 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4064 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4065 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
4066 */
4067 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4068 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4069 
4070 /*
4071 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4072 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4073 **
4074 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4075 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4076 ** [SELECT] statement.
4077 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4078 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4079 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4080 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4081 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4082 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4083 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4084 ** or until the same information is requested
4085 ** again in a different encoding.
4086 **
4087 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4088 ** database, table, and column.
4089 **
4090 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4091 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4092 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4093 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4094 **
4095 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4096 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4097 ** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4098 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4099 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4100 **
4101 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4102 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4103 **
4104 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4105 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4106 **
4107 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
4108 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
4109 ** undefined.
4110 **
4111 ** If two or more threads call one or more
4112 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4113 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4114 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4115 */
4116 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4117 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4118 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4119 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4120 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4121 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4122 
4123 /*
4124 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4125 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4126 **
4127 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4128 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4129 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4130 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4131 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4132 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4133 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4134 **
4135 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4136 **
4137 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4138 **
4139 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
4140 **
4141 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4142 **
4143 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4144 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4145 **
4146 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4147 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4148 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4149 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4150 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4151 ** used to hold those values.
4152 */
4153 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4154 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4155 
4156 /*
4157 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4158 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4159 **
4160 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4161 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4162 ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4163 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4164 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4165 **
4166 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4167 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4168 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4169 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4170 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4171 ** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4172 ** interface will continue to be supported.
4173 **
4174 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4175 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4176 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4177 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4178 **
4179 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4180 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4181 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4182 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4183 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4184 ** continuing.
4185 **
4186 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4187 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4188 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4189 ** machine back to its initial state.
4190 **
4191 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4192 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4193 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4194 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4195 **
4196 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4197 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4198 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4199 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4200 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4201 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4202 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4203 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4204 **
4205 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4206 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4207 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4208 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4209 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4210 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
4211 **
4212 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4213 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4214 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4215 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4216 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4217 ** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4218 ** sqlite3_step() began
4219 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4220 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4221 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4222 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4223 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4224 **
4225 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4226 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4227 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4228 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4229 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4230 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4231 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4232 ** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4233 ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4234 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4235 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4236 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4237 */
4238 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4239 
4240 /*
4241 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4242 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4243 **
4244 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4245 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4246 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4247 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4248 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4249 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4250 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4251 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4252 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4253 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4254 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4255 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4256 **
4257 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4258 */
4259 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4260 
4261 /*
4262 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4263 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4264 **
4265 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4266 **
4267 ** <ul>
4268 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4269 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4270 ** <li> string
4271 ** <li> BLOB
4272 ** <li> NULL
4273 ** </ul>)^
4274 **
4275 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4276 **
4277 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4278 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4279 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4280 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
4281 */
4282 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4283 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4284 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4285 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
4286 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4287 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
4288 #else
4289 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4290 #endif
4291 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4292 
4293 /*
4294 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4295 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4296 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4297 **
4298 ** <b>Summary:</b>
4299 ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4300 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4301 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4302 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4303 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4304 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4305 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4306 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4307 ** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4308 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4309 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4310 ** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4311 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4312 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4313 ** TEXT in bytes
4314 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4315 ** datatype of the result
4316 ** </table></blockquote>
4317 **
4318 ** <b>Details:</b>
4319 **
4320 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4321 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4322 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4323 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4324 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4325 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4326 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4327 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4328 **
4329 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4330 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4331 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4332 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4333 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4334 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4335 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4336 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4337 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4338 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4339 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4340 **
4341 ** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4342 ** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4343 ** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4344 ** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4345 ** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4346 **
4347 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4348 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4349 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4350 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4351 ** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4352 ** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4353 ** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4354 ** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4355 ** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4356 ** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4357 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4358 ** following a type conversion.
4359 **
4360 ** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4361 ** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4362 ** of that BLOB or string.
4363 **
4364 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4365 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4366 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4367 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4368 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4369 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4370 ** the number of bytes in that string.
4371 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4372 **
4373 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4374 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4375 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4376 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4377 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4378 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4379 ** the number of bytes in that string.
4380 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4381 **
4382 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4383 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4384 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4385 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4386 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4387 **
4388 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4389 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4390 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4391 **
4392 ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4393 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4394 ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4395 ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4396 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4397 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4398 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4399 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4400 ** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4401 ** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4402 ** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4403 ** top-level application code.
4404 **
4405 ** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4406 ** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4407 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4408 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4409 ** that are applied:
4410 **
4411 ** <blockquote>
4412 ** <table border="1">
4413 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4414 **
4415 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4416 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4417 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4418 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4419 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4420 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4421 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4422 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4423 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4424 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4425 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4426 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4427 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4428 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4429 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4430 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4431 ** </table>
4432 ** </blockquote>)^
4433 **
4434 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4435 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4436 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4437 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4438 ** in the following cases:
4439 **
4440 ** <ul>
4441 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4442 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4443 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
4444 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4445 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4446 **      to UTF-16.</li>
4447 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4448 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4449 **      to UTF-8.</li>
4450 ** </ul>
4451 **
4452 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4453 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4454 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4455 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4456 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4457 **
4458 ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4459 ** in one of the following ways:
4460 **
4461 ** <ul>
4462 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4463 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4464 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4465 ** </ul>
4466 **
4467 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4468 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4469 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4470 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4471 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4472 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4473 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4474 **
4475 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4476 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4477 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4478 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4479 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4480 ** [sqlite3_free()].
4481 **
4482 ** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4483 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4484 ** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4485 ** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4486 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4487 */
4488 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4489 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4490 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4491 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4492 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4493 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4494 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4495 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4496 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4497 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4498 
4499 /*
4500 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4501 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4502 **
4503 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4504 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4505 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4506 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4507 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4508 ** [extended error code].
4509 **
4510 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4511 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4512 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4513 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4514 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4515 ** completed execution.
4516 **
4517 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4518 **
4519 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4520 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4521 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4522 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4523 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4524 */
4525 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4526 
4527 /*
4528 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4529 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4530 **
4531 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4532 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4533 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4534 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4535 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4536 **
4537 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4538 ** back to the beginning of its program.
4539 **
4540 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4541 ** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4542 ** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4543 ** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4544 **
4545 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4546 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4547 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4548 **
4549 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4550 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4551 */
4552 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4553 
4554 /*
4555 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4556 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4557 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4558 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4559 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4560 **
4561 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4562 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4563 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4564 ** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4565 ** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4566 ** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4567 ** the application data pointer.
4568 **
4569 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4570 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4571 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4572 ** to each database connection separately.
4573 **
4574 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4575 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4576 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4577 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4578 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4579 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4580 **
4581 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4582 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4583 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4584 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4585 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4586 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4587 ** undefined.
4588 **
4589 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4590 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4591 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4592 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4593 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4594 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4595 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4596 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4597 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4598 ** each encoding.
4599 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4600 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4601 **
4602 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4603 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4604 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4605 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4606 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4607 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4608 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4609 **
4610 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4611 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4612 **
4613 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4614 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4615 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4616 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4617 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4618 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4619 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4620 ** callbacks.
4621 **
4622 ** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4623 ** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4624 ** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4625 ** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4626 ** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4627 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4628 ** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4629 ** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4630 ** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4631 **
4632 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4633 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4634 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4635 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4636 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4637 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4638 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4639 ** matches the database encoding is a better
4640 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4641 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4642 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4643 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4644 **
4645 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4646 **
4647 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4648 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4649 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4650 ** statement in which the function is running.
4651 */
4652 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
4653   sqlite3 *db,
4654   const char *zFunctionName,
4655   int nArg,
4656   int eTextRep,
4657   void *pApp,
4658   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4659   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4660   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4661 );
4662 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
4663   sqlite3 *db,
4664   const void *zFunctionName,
4665   int nArg,
4666   int eTextRep,
4667   void *pApp,
4668   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4669   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4670   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4671 );
4672 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4673   sqlite3 *db,
4674   const char *zFunctionName,
4675   int nArg,
4676   int eTextRep,
4677   void *pApp,
4678   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4679   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4680   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4681   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4682 );
4683 
4684 /*
4685 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4686 **
4687 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4688 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4689 */
4690 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4691 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4692 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4693 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4694 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4695 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4696 
4697 /*
4698 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4699 **
4700 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
4701 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4702 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4703 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4704 */
4705 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4706 
4707 /*
4708 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4709 ** DEPRECATED
4710 **
4711 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4712 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4713 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4714 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4715 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4716 */
4717 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4718 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4719 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4720 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4721 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4722 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4723 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4724                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
4725 #endif
4726 
4727 /*
4728 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4729 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4730 **
4731 ** <b>Summary:</b>
4732 ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4733 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
4734 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
4735 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
4736 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
4737 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
4738 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
4739 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
4740 ** the native byteorder
4741 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
4742 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
4743 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4744 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4745 ** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
4746 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4747 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4748 ** TEXT in bytes
4749 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4750 ** datatype of the value
4751 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4752 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
4753 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4754 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
4755 ** against a virtual table.
4756 ** </table></blockquote>
4757 **
4758 ** <b>Details:</b>
4759 **
4760 ** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
4761 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
4762 ** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
4763 ** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
4764 **
4765 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4766 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4767 ** is not threadsafe.
4768 **
4769 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4770 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4771 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4772 **
4773 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4774 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4775 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4776 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4777 **
4778 ** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
4779 ** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
4780 ** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
4781 ** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
4782 ** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
4783 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4784 **
4785 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
4786 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
4787 ** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4788 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
4789 ** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
4790 ** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
4791 ** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
4792 ** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
4793 ** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
4794 ** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
4795 **
4796 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4797 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4798 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4799 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4800 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4801 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4802 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4803 **
4804 ** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
4805 ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
4806 ** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
4807 ** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
4808 ** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
4809 ** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
4810 ** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
4811 ** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
4812 ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
4813 ** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
4814 ** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
4815 ** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
4816 **
4817 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4818 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4819 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4820 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4821 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4822 **
4823 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4824 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4825 */
4826 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4827 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4828 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4829 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4830 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
4831 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4832 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4833 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4834 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4835 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4836 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4837 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4838 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4839 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
4840 
4841 /*
4842 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4843 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4844 **
4845 ** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4846 ** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4847 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4848 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4849 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4850 */
4851 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4852 
4853 /*
4854 ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4855 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4856 **
4857 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4858 ** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4859 ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4860 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4861 ** memory allocation fails.
4862 **
4863 ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4864 ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4865 ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4866 */
4867 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4868 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4869 
4870 /*
4871 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4872 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4873 **
4874 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4875 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4876 **
4877 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4878 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4879 ** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4880 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4881 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4882 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4883 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4884 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4885 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4886 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4887 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4888 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
4889 **
4890 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4891 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4892 ** allocate error occurs.
4893 **
4894 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4895 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4896 ** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4897 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4898 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4899 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4900 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
4901 **
4902 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4903 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4904 **
4905 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4906 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4907 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4908 ** function.
4909 **
4910 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4911 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4912 */
4913 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4914 
4915 /*
4916 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4917 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4918 **
4919 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4920 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4921 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4922 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4923 ** registered the application defined function.
4924 **
4925 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4926 ** the application-defined function is running.
4927 */
4928 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4929 
4930 /*
4931 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4932 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4933 **
4934 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4935 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4936 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4937 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4938 ** registered the application defined function.
4939 */
4940 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4941 
4942 /*
4943 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4944 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4945 **
4946 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4947 ** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4948 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4949 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4950 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4951 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4952 ** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4953 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4954 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4955 ** invocations of the same function.
4956 **
4957 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4958 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
4959 ** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
4960 ** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
4961 ** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
4962 ** returns a NULL pointer.
4963 **
4964 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4965 ** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4966 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4967 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4968 ** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4969 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4970 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4971 ** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4972 ** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4973 ** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
4974 ** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4975 **      SQL statement)^, or
4976 ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
4977 **       parameter)^, or
4978 ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4979 **      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
4980 **
4981 ** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4982 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4983 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4984 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4985 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4986 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4987 **
4988 ** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4989 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4990 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4991 **
4992 ** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
4993 ** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
4994 ** kinds of function caching behavior.
4995 **
4996 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4997 ** the SQL function is running.
4998 */
4999 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5000 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5001 
5002 
5003 /*
5004 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5005 **
5006 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5007 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5008 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5009 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5010 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5011 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5012 ** the content before returning.
5013 **
5014 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5015 ** C++ compilers.
5016 */
5017 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5018 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5019 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5020 
5021 /*
5022 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5023 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5024 **
5025 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5026 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5027 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5028 ** for additional information.
5029 **
5030 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5031 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5032 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5033 **
5034 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5035 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5036 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5037 ** third parameter.
5038 **
5039 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5040 ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5041 ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5042 **
5043 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5044 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5045 ** by its 2nd argument.
5046 **
5047 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5048 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5049 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5050 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5051 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5052 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5053 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5054 ** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5055 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5056 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
5057 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5058 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5059 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5060 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5061 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5062 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5063 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
5064 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5065 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5066 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5067 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5068 **
5069 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5070 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5071 **
5072 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5073 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5074 **
5075 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5076 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5077 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
5078 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5079 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5080 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
5081 **
5082 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5083 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5084 **
5085 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5086 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5087 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5088 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5089 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5090 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5091 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5092 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5093 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5094 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5095 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5096 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5097 ** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5098 ** through the first zero character.
5099 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5100 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5101 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5102 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5103 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5104 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5105 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5106 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5107 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5108 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5109 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5110 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5111 ** finished using that result.
5112 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5113 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5114 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5115 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5116 ** when it has finished using that result.
5117 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5118 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5119 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5120 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5121 **
5122 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5123 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5124 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5125 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5126 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5127 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5128 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5129 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5130 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5131 **
5132 ** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5133 ** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5134 ** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5135 ** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5136 ** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5137 ** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5138 ** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5139 ** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5140 ** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5141 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5142 **
5143 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5144 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5145 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5146 */
5147 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5148 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5149                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5150 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5151 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5152 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5153 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5154 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5155 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5156 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5157 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5158 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5159 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5160 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5161                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5162 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5163 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5164 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5165 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5166 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5167 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5168 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5169 
5170 
5171 /*
5172 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5173 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5174 **
5175 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5176 ** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5177 ** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5178 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5179 ** higher order bits are discarded.
5180 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5181 ** in future releases of SQLite.
5182 */
5183 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5184 
5185 /*
5186 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5187 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5188 **
5189 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5190 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5191 **
5192 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5193 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5194 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5195 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5196 ** considered to be the same name.
5197 **
5198 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5199 ** <ul>
5200 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5201 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5202 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5203 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5204 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5205 ** </ul>)^
5206 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5207 ** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5208 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5209 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5210 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5211 ** on an even byte address.
5212 **
5213 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5214 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5215 **
5216 ** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5217 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5218 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5219 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5220 ** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5221 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5222 ** that collation is no longer usable.
5223 **
5224 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5225 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5226 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5227 ** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5228 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5229 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5230 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5231 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5232 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5233 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5234 ** strings A, B, and C:
5235 **
5236 ** <ol>
5237 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5238 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5239 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5240 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5241 ** </ol>
5242 **
5243 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5244 ** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5245 ** is undefined.
5246 **
5247 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5248 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5249 ** the collating function is deleted.
5250 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5251 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5252 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5253 **
5254 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5255 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5256 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5257 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5258 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5259 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5260 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5261 ** compatibility.
5262 **
5263 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5264 */
5265 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
5266   sqlite3*,
5267   const char *zName,
5268   int eTextRep,
5269   void *pArg,
5270   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5271 );
5272 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5273   sqlite3*,
5274   const char *zName,
5275   int eTextRep,
5276   void *pArg,
5277   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5278   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5279 );
5280 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5281   sqlite3*,
5282   const void *zName,
5283   int eTextRep,
5284   void *pArg,
5285   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5286 );
5287 
5288 /*
5289 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5290 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5291 **
5292 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5293 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5294 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5295 ** sequence is required.
5296 **
5297 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5298 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5299 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5300 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5301 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5302 **
5303 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5304 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5305 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5306 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5307 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5308 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5309 ** required collation sequence.)^
5310 **
5311 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5312 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5313 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5314 */
5315 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5316   sqlite3*,
5317   void*,
5318   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5319 );
5320 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5321   sqlite3*,
5322   void*,
5323   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5324 );
5325 
5326 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5327 /*
5328 ** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5329 ** called right after sqlite3_open().
5330 **
5331 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5332 ** of SQLite.
5333 */
5334 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
5335   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5336   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5337 );
5338 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key_v2(
5339   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5340   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5341   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5342 );
5343 
5344 /*
5345 ** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5346 ** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5347 ** database is decrypted.
5348 **
5349 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5350 ** of SQLite.
5351 */
5352 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
5353   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5354   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5355 );
5356 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5357   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5358   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5359   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5360 );
5361 
5362 /*
5363 ** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5364 ** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5365 */
5366 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
5367   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5368 );
5369 #endif
5370 
5371 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5372 /*
5373 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5374 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5375 */
5376 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5377   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5378 );
5379 #endif
5380 
5381 /*
5382 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5383 **
5384 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5385 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5386 **
5387 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5388 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5389 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5390 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
5391 **
5392 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5393 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5394 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5395 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5396 ** in the previous paragraphs.
5397 */
5398 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5399 
5400 /*
5401 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5402 **
5403 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5404 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5405 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5406 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5407 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5408 ** temporary file directory.
5409 **
5410 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5411 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5412 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5413 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5414 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5415 ** be avoided in new projects.
5416 **
5417 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5418 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5419 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5420 ** thread.
5421 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
5422 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5423 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5424 ** thereafter.
5425 **
5426 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5427 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5428 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5429 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5430 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5431 ** using [sqlite3_free].
5432 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5433 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5434 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5435 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5436 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5437 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5438 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5439 ** objects have been destroyed.
5440 **
5441 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5442 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5443 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5444 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5445 **
5446 ** <blockquote><pre>
5447 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5448 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5449 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5450 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5451 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5452 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5453 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5454 ** </pre></blockquote>
5455 */
5456 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5457 
5458 /*
5459 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5460 **
5461 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5462 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5463 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5464 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5465 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5466 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5467 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5468 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5469 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5470 **
5471 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5472 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
5473 **
5474 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5475 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5476 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5477 ** thread.
5478 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
5479 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5480 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5481 ** thereafter.
5482 **
5483 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5484 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5485 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5486 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5487 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5488 ** using [sqlite3_free].
5489 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5490 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5491 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5492 */
5493 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5494 
5495 /*
5496 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5497 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5498 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5499 **
5500 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5501 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5502 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5503 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5504 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5505 **
5506 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5507 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5508 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5509 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5510 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5511 ** an error is to use this function.
5512 **
5513 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5514 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5515 ** is undefined.
5516 */
5517 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5518 
5519 /*
5520 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5521 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5522 **
5523 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5524 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5525 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5526 ** that was the first argument
5527 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5528 ** create the statement in the first place.
5529 */
5530 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5531 
5532 /*
5533 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5534 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5535 **
5536 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5537 ** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5538 ** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5539 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5540 ** a NULL pointer is returned.
5541 **
5542 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5543 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5544 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5545 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5546 */
5547 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5548 
5549 /*
5550 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5551 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5552 **
5553 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5554 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5555 ** the name of a database on connection D.
5556 */
5557 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5558 
5559 /*
5560 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5561 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5562 **
5563 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5564 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5565 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5566 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5567 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5568 **
5569 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5570 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5571 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5572 */
5573 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5574 
5575 /*
5576 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5577 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5578 **
5579 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5580 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5581 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5582 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5583 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5584 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5585 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5586 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5587 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5588 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5589 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5590 **
5591 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5592 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5593 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5594 ** the first call for each function on D.
5595 **
5596 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5597 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5598 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5599 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5600 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5601 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
5602 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5603 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5604 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5605 **
5606 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5607 **
5608 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5609 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5610 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5611 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5612 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5613 **
5614 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5615 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5616 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5617 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5618 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5619 **
5620 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5621 */
5622 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5623 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5624 
5625 /*
5626 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5627 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5628 **
5629 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5630 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5631 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5632 ** a [rowid table].
5633 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5634 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5635 **
5636 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5637 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5638 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5639 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5640 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5641 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5642 ** to be invoked.
5643 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5644 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
5645 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5646 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5647 **
5648 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5649 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5650 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5651 **
5652 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5653 ** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
5654 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5655 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5656 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5657 ** release of SQLite.
5658 **
5659 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5660 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5661 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5662 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5663 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5664 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5665 **
5666 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5667 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
5668 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5669 ** the first call on D.
5670 **
5671 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5672 ** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5673 */
5674 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5675   sqlite3*,
5676   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5677   void*
5678 );
5679 
5680 /*
5681 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5682 **
5683 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5684 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5685 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5686 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5687 **
5688 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5689 ** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5690 ** In prior versions of SQLite,
5691 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5692 **
5693 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5694 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5695 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5696 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5697 **
5698 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5699 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5700 **
5701 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5702 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5703 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5704 **
5705 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5706 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5707 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5708 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5709 **
5710 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5711 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5712 **
5713 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5714 */
5715 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5716 
5717 /*
5718 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5719 **
5720 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5721 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5722 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5723 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5724 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5725 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5726 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5727 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5728 **
5729 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5730 */
5731 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5732 
5733 /*
5734 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5735 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5736 **
5737 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5738 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5739 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5740 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5741 ** omitted.
5742 **
5743 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5744 */
5745 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5746 
5747 /*
5748 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5749 **
5750 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5751 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5752 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5753 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5754 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5755 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5756 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5757 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5758 ** is advisory only.
5759 **
5760 ** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5761 ** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5762 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5763 ** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5764 ** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5765 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5766 **
5767 ** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5768 **
5769 ** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5770 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5771 **
5772 ** <ul>
5773 ** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5774 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5775 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5776 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5777 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5778 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5779 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5780 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5781 **      from the heap.
5782 ** </ul>)^
5783 **
5784 ** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
5785 ** the soft heap limit is enforced
5786 ** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5787 ** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5788 ** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5789 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5790 ** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5791 ** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5792 ** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5793 ** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5794 **
5795 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5796 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5797 */
5798 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5799 
5800 /*
5801 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5802 ** DEPRECATED
5803 **
5804 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5805 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5806 ** only.  All new applications should use the
5807 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5808 */
5809 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5810 
5811 
5812 /*
5813 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5814 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5815 **
5816 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5817 ** information about column C of table T in database D
5818 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5819 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5820 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5821 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5822 ** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5823 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5824 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5825 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5826 ** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
5827 ** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
5828 ** undefined behavior.
5829 **
5830 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5831 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5832 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5833 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5834 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5835 ** resolve unqualified table references.
5836 **
5837 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5838 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
5839 **
5840 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5841 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5842 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5843 **
5844 ** ^(<blockquote>
5845 ** <table border="1">
5846 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5847 **
5848 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5849 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5850 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5851 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5852 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5853 ** </table>
5854 ** </blockquote>)^
5855 **
5856 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5857 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5858 ** call to any SQLite API function.
5859 **
5860 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5861 **
5862 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5863 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5864 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5865 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5866 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5867 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5868 **
5869 ** <pre>
5870 **     data type: "INTEGER"
5871 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5872 **     not null: 0
5873 **     primary key: 1
5874 **     auto increment: 0
5875 ** </pre>)^
5876 **
5877 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5878 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5879 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5880 */
5881 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5882   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5883   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5884   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5885   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5886   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5887   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5888   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5889   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5890   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5891 );
5892 
5893 /*
5894 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5895 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5896 **
5897 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5898 **
5899 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5900 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5901 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5902 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5903 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5904 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5905 ** be tried also.
5906 **
5907 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
5908 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5909 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5910 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5911 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5912 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5913 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5914 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5915 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5916 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5917 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5918 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5919 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5920 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5921 **
5922 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5923 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
5924 ** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
5925 ** prior to calling this API,
5926 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
5927 **
5928 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
5929 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
5930 ** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
5931 ** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
5932 ** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5933 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
5934 **
5935 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5936 */
5937 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
5938   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5939   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5940   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5941   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5942 );
5943 
5944 /*
5945 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5946 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5947 **
5948 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5949 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5950 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5951 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5952 **
5953 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5954 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5955 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5956 ** it back off again.
5957 **
5958 ** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
5959 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
5960 ** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
5961 ** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
5962 **
5963 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
5964 ** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
5965 ** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
5966 ** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5967 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
5968 */
5969 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5970 
5971 /*
5972 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5973 **
5974 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5975 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5976 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5977 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5978 **
5979 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5980 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5981 ** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
5982 ** entry point where as follows:
5983 **
5984 ** <blockquote><pre>
5985 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5986 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5987 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5988 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5989 ** &nbsp;  );
5990 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
5991 **
5992 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5993 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5994 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5995 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5996 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5997 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5998 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5999 **
6000 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6001 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6002 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6003 **
6004 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6005 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6006 */
6007 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6008 
6009 /*
6010 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6011 **
6012 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6013 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6014 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6015 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6016 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6017 ** routines.
6018 */
6019 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6020 
6021 /*
6022 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6023 **
6024 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6025 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6026 */
6027 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6028 
6029 /*
6030 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6031 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6032 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6033 **
6034 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6035 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6036 */
6037 
6038 /*
6039 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6040 */
6041 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6042 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6043 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6044 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6045 
6046 /*
6047 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6048 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6049 **
6050 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6051 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
6052 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6053 **
6054 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6055 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6056 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6057 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6058 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6059 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6060 ** any database connection.
6061 */
6062 struct sqlite3_module {
6063   int iVersion;
6064   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6065                int argc, const char *const*argv,
6066                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6067   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6068                int argc, const char *const*argv,
6069                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6070   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6071   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6072   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6073   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6074   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6075   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6076                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6077   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6078   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6079   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6080   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6081   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6082   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6083   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6084   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6085   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6086   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6087                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6088                        void **ppArg);
6089   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6090   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6091   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6092   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6093   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6094   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6095 };
6096 
6097 /*
6098 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6099 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6100 **
6101 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6102 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
6103 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6104 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6105 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6106 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6107 **
6108 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6109 **
6110 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6111 **
6112 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6113 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6114 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6115 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6116 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6117 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6118 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6119 **
6120 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6121 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6122 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6123 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6124 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6125 **
6126 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6127 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6128 **
6129 ** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6130 ** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6131 ** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6132 ** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6133 ** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6134 ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6135 ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6136 ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6137 ** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6138 ** non-zero.
6139 **
6140 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6141 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6142 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6143 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6144 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6145 ** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
6146 **
6147 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6148 ** [xFilter] method.
6149 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6150 ** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6151 **
6152 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6153 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6154 ** sorting step is required.
6155 **
6156 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6157 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6158 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6159 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6160 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6161 **
6162 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6163 ** will be returned by the strategy.
6164 **
6165 ** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6166 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6167 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6168 ** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6169 **
6170 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6171 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6172 ** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6173 ** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6174 ** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6175 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6176 ** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6177 ** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6178 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6179 **
6180 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6181 ** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6182 ** If a virtual table extension is
6183 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6184 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6185 ** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6186 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6187 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6188 ** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6189 ** It may therefore only be used if
6190 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6191 ** 3009000.
6192 */
6193 struct sqlite3_index_info {
6194   /* Inputs */
6195   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6196   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6197      int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6198      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6199      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6200      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6201   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6202   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6203   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6204      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6205      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6206   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6207   /* Outputs */
6208   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6209     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6210     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6211   } *aConstraintUsage;
6212   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6213   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6214   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6215   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6216   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6217   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6218   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6219   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6220   int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6221   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6222   sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6223 };
6224 
6225 /*
6226 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6227 */
6228 #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6229 
6230 /*
6231 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6232 **
6233 ** These macros defined the allowed values for the
6234 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6235 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6236 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6237 */
6238 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6239 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6240 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6241 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6242 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6243 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6244 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6245 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6246 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6247 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6248 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6249 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6250 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6251 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6252 
6253 /*
6254 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6255 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6256 **
6257 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6258 ** ^Module names must be registered before
6259 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6260 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6261 **
6262 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6263 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6264 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6265 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6266 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6267 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6268 ** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6269 **
6270 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6271 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6272 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6273 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6274 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6275 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6276 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6277 ** destructor.
6278 */
6279 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
6280   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6281   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6282   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6283   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6284 );
6285 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6286   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6287   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6288   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6289   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6290   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6291 );
6292 
6293 /*
6294 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6295 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6296 **
6297 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6298 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
6299 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6300 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6301 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6302 ** common to all module implementations.
6303 **
6304 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6305 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6306 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6307 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6308 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6309 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6310 */
6311 struct sqlite3_vtab {
6312   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6313   int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6314   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6315   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6316 };
6317 
6318 /*
6319 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6320 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6321 **
6322 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6323 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6324 ** [virtual table] and are used
6325 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6326 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6327 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6328 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6329 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6330 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6331 **
6332 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6333 ** are common to all implementations.
6334 */
6335 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6336   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6337   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6338 };
6339 
6340 /*
6341 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6342 **
6343 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6344 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
6345 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6346 ** the virtual tables they implement.
6347 */
6348 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6349 
6350 /*
6351 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6352 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6353 **
6354 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6355 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6356 ** But global versions of those functions
6357 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6358 **
6359 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6360 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6361 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6362 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6363 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6364 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6365 ** by a [virtual table].
6366 */
6367 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6368 
6369 /*
6370 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6371 ** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6372 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6373 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6374 **
6375 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6376 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6377 */
6378 
6379 /*
6380 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6381 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6382 **
6383 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6384 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6385 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6386 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6387 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6388 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6389 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6390 */
6391 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6392 
6393 /*
6394 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6395 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6396 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6397 **
6398 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6399 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6400 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6401 **
6402 ** <pre>
6403 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6404 ** </pre>)^
6405 **
6406 ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6407 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6408 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6409 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6410 ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6411 **
6412 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6413 ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6414 ** read-only access.
6415 **
6416 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6417 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6418 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6419 ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6420 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6421 **
6422 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6423 ** <ul>
6424 **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6425 **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6426 **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6427 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6428 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6429 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6430 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6431 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6432 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6433 **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6434 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6435 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
6436 ** </ul>
6437 **
6438 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6439 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6440 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6441 **
6442 ** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6443 ** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6444 ** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6445 ** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6446 ** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6447 ** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6448 **
6449 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6450 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6451 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6452 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6453 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6454 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6455 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6456 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6457 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6458 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6459 **
6460 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6461 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6462 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6463 ** blob.
6464 **
6465 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6466 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6467 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6468 **
6469 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6470 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6471 **
6472 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6473 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6474 ** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6475 */
6476 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
6477   sqlite3*,
6478   const char *zDb,
6479   const char *zTable,
6480   const char *zColumn,
6481   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6482   int flags,
6483   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6484 );
6485 
6486 /*
6487 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6488 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6489 **
6490 ** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6491 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6492 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6493 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6494 ** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6495 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6496 **
6497 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6498 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6499 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6500 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6501 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6502 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6503 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6504 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6505 ** always returns zero.
6506 **
6507 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6508 */
6509 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6510 
6511 /*
6512 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6513 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6514 **
6515 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6516 ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6517 ** handle is still closed.)^
6518 **
6519 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6520 ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6521 ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6522 ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6523 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6524 **
6525 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6526 ** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6527 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6528 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6529 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6530 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6531 */
6532 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6533 
6534 /*
6535 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6536 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6537 **
6538 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6539 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6540 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6541 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6542 **
6543 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6544 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6545 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6546 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6547 */
6548 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6549 
6550 /*
6551 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6552 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6553 **
6554 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6555 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6556 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6557 **
6558 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6559 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6560 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6561 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6562 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6563 **
6564 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6565 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6566 **
6567 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6568 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6569 **
6570 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6571 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6572 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6573 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6574 **
6575 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6576 */
6577 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6578 
6579 /*
6580 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6581 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6582 **
6583 ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6584 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6585 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6586 **
6587 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6588 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6589 ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6590 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6591 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6592 **
6593 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6594 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6595 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6596 **
6597 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6598 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6599 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6600 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6601 ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6602 ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6603 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6604 **
6605 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6606 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6607 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6608 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6609 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6610 ** or by other independent statements.
6611 **
6612 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6613 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6614 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6615 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6616 **
6617 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6618 */
6619 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6620 
6621 /*
6622 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6623 **
6624 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6625 ** that SQLite uses to interact
6626 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6627 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6628 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6629 ** The following interfaces are provided.
6630 **
6631 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6632 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
6633 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6634 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6635 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6636 **
6637 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6638 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6639 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6640 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6641 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6642 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6643 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6644 ** then the behavior is undefined.
6645 **
6646 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6647 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6648 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6649 */
6650 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6651 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6652 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6653 
6654 /*
6655 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6656 **
6657 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6658 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6659 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6660 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
6661 **
6662 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6663 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6664 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6665 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6666 **
6667 ** <ul>
6668 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6669 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6670 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6671 ** </ul>
6672 **
6673 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6674 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6675 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6676 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6677 ** and Windows.
6678 **
6679 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6680 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6681 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6682 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6683 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6684 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6685 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6686 **
6687 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6688 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6689 ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6690 ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6691 ** integer constants:
6692 **
6693 ** <ul>
6694 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6695 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6696 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6697 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6698 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6699 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6700 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6701 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6702 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6703 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6704 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6705 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6706 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6707 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6708 ** </ul>
6709 **
6710 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6711 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6712 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6713 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6714 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6715 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6716 ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6717 ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6718 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6719 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6720 **
6721 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6722 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6723 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6724 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6725 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6726 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6727 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6728 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6729 **
6730 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6731 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6732 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6733 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6734 ** the same type number.
6735 **
6736 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6737 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6738 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6739 **
6740 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6741 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6742 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6743 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6744 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6745 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6746 ** In such cases, the
6747 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6748 ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6749 ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6750 **
6751 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6752 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6753 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6754 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6755 ** behavior.)^
6756 **
6757 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6758 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6759 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6760 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6761 **
6762 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6763 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6764 ** behave as no-ops.
6765 **
6766 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6767 */
6768 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6769 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6770 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6771 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6772 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6773 
6774 /*
6775 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6776 **
6777 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6778 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6779 **
6780 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6781 ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6782 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6783 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6784 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6785 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6786 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6787 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6788 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6789 **
6790 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6791 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6792 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6793 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6794 **
6795 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6796 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6797 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6798 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6799 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6800 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6801 **
6802 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6803 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6804 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6805 **
6806 ** <ul>
6807 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6808 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6809 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6810 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6811 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6812 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6813 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6814 ** </ul>)^
6815 **
6816 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6817 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6818 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6819 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6820 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6821 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6822 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6823 **
6824 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6825 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6826 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6827 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6828 **
6829 ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6830 ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6831 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6832 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6833 **
6834 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6835 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6836 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6837 ** prior to returning.
6838 */
6839 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6840 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6841   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6842   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6843   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6844   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6845   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6846   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6847   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6848   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6849   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6850 };
6851 
6852 /*
6853 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6854 **
6855 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6856 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6857 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6858 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6859 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6860 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6861 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6862 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6863 **
6864 ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6865 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6866 **
6867 ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6868 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6869 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6870 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6871 **
6872 ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6873 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6874 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6875 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6876 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6877 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6878 ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6879 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6880 */
6881 #ifndef NDEBUG
6882 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6883 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6884 #endif
6885 
6886 /*
6887 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6888 **
6889 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6890 ** which is one of these integer constants.
6891 **
6892 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6893 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6894 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6895 */
6896 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6897 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6898 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6899 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6900 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6901 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6902 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
6903 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6904 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6905 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6906 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6907 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6908 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6909 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6910 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6911 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6912 
6913 /*
6914 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6915 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6916 **
6917 ** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6918 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6919 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6920 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6921 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6922 */
6923 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6924 
6925 /*
6926 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6927 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6928 **
6929 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6930 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6931 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6932 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6933 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6934 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6935 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6936 ** main database file.
6937 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6938 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6939 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6940 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6941 **
6942 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
6943 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6944 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
6945 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6946 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6947 **
6948 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6949 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6950 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6951 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6952 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6953 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6954 ** xFileControl method.
6955 **
6956 ** See also: [file control opcodes]
6957 */
6958 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6959 
6960 /*
6961 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6962 **
6963 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6964 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6965 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6966 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6967 **
6968 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6969 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6970 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6971 **
6972 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6973 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6974 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6975 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6976 */
6977 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6978 
6979 /*
6980 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6981 **
6982 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6983 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6984 **
6985 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6986 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6987 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6988 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6989 */
6990 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6991 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6992 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6993 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6994 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6995 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6996 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6997 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6998 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6999 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7000 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7001 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7002 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
7003 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7004 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7005 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7006 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7007 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7008 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7009 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7010 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7011 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7012 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7013 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7014 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7015 
7016 /*
7017 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7018 **
7019 ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7020 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7021 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7022 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7023 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7024 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7025 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7026 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7027 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7028 ** value.  For those parameters
7029 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7030 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7031 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7032 **
7033 ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7034 ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7035 **
7036 ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7037 ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7038 ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7039 **
7040 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7041 */
7042 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7043 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
7044   int op,
7045   sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7046   sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7047   int resetFlag
7048 );
7049 
7050 
7051 /*
7052 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7053 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7054 **
7055 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7056 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7057 **
7058 ** <dl>
7059 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7060 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7061 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7062 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7063 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7064 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7065 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7066 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7067 **
7068 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7069 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7070 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7071 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7072 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7073 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7074 **
7075 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7076 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7077 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7078 **
7079 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7080 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7081 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7082 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7083 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7084 **
7085 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7086 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7087 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7088 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7089 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7090 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7091 ** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7092 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7093 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7094 **
7095 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7096 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7097 ** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7098 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7099 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7100 **
7101 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7102 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7103 **
7104 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7105 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7106 **
7107 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7108 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7109 **
7110 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7111 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7112 ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7113 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7114 ** </dl>
7115 **
7116 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7117 */
7118 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7119 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7120 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7121 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7122 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7123 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7124 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7125 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7126 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7127 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7128 
7129 /*
7130 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7131 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7132 **
7133 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7134 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7135 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7136 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7137 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7138 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7139 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7140 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7141 **
7142 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7143 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7144 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7145 ** reset back down to the current value.
7146 **
7147 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7148 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7149 **
7150 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7151 */
7152 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7153 
7154 /*
7155 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7156 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7157 **
7158 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7159 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7160 **
7161 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7162 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7163 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7164 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7165 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7166 **
7167 ** <dl>
7168 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7169 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7170 ** checked out.</dd>)^
7171 **
7172 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7173 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
7174 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7175 ** the current value is always zero.)^
7176 **
7177 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7178 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7179 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7180 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7181 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7182 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7183 ** the current value is always zero.)^
7184 **
7185 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7186 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7187 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7188 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7189 ** memory already being in use.
7190 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7191 ** the current value is always zero.)^
7192 **
7193 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7194 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7195 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7196 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7197 **
7198 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7199 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7200 ** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7201 ** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7202 ** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7203 ** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7204 ** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7205 ** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7206 ** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7207 ** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7208 ** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7209 **
7210 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7211 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7212 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7213 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7214 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7215 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7216 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7217 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7218 **
7219 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7220 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7221 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7222 ** the database connection.)^
7223 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7224 ** </dd>
7225 **
7226 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7227 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7228 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7229 ** is always 0.
7230 ** </dd>
7231 **
7232 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7233 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7234 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7235 ** is always 0.
7236 ** </dd>
7237 **
7238 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7239 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7240 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7241 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7242 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7243 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7244 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7245 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7246 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7247 ** </dd>
7248 **
7249 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
7250 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7251 ** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
7252 ** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
7253 ** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
7254 ** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
7255 ** inefficiencies that can be resolve by increasing the cache size.
7256 ** </dd>
7257 **
7258 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7259 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7260 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7261 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7262 ** </dd>
7263 ** </dl>
7264 */
7265 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7266 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7267 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7268 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7269 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7270 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7271 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7272 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7273 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7274 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7275 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7276 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7277 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
7278 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7279 
7280 
7281 /*
7282 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7283 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7284 **
7285 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7286 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7287 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7288 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7289 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7290 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7291 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7292 ** an index.
7293 **
7294 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7295 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7296 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7297 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7298 ** to be interrogated.)^
7299 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7300 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7301 ** interface call returns.
7302 **
7303 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7304 */
7305 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7306 
7307 /*
7308 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7309 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7310 **
7311 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7312 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7313 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7314 **
7315 ** <dl>
7316 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7317 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7318 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7319 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7320 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
7321 **
7322 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7323 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7324 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7325 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7326 **
7327 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7328 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7329 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7330 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7331 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7332 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7333 **
7334 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7335 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7336 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7337 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7338 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7339 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7340 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7341 **
7342 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
7343 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
7344 ** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to
7345 ** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
7346 **
7347 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
7348 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
7349 ** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
7350 ** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
7351 ** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
7352 ** cycle.
7353 **
7354 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7355 ** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7356 ** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7357 ** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7358 ** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7359 ** </dd>
7360 ** </dl>
7361 */
7362 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7363 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7364 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7365 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7366 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
7367 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
7368 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
7369 
7370 /*
7371 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7372 **
7373 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7374 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7375 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7376 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7377 ** to the object.
7378 **
7379 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7380 */
7381 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7382 
7383 /*
7384 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7385 **
7386 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7387 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7388 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7389 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7390 **
7391 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7392 */
7393 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7394 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7395   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7396   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7397 };
7398 
7399 /*
7400 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7401 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7402 **
7403 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7404 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7405 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7406 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7407 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7408 ** By implementing a
7409 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7410 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7411 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7412 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7413 ** how long.
7414 **
7415 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7416 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7417 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7418 **
7419 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7420 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7421 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7422 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7423 **
7424 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7425 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7426 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7427 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7428 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7429 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7430 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7431 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7432 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7433 ** page cache.)^
7434 **
7435 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7436 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7437 ** It can be used to clean up
7438 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7439 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7440 **
7441 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7442 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7443 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7444 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7445 ** in multithreaded applications.
7446 **
7447 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7448 ** call to xShutdown().
7449 **
7450 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7451 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7452 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7453 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7454 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7455 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7456 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7457 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7458 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7459 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7460 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7461 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7462 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7463 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7464 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7465 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7466 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7467 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7468 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7469 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7470 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7471 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
7472 **
7473 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7474 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7475 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7476 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7477 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7478 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7479 ** value; it is advisory only.
7480 **
7481 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7482 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7483 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7484 **
7485 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7486 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7487 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7488 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7489 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7490 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7491 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7492 ** for each entry in the page cache.
7493 **
7494 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7495 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7496 ** to be "pinned".
7497 **
7498 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7499 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7500 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7501 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7502 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7503 **
7504 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7505 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7506 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7507 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7508 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
7509 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7510 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7511 ** </table>
7512 **
7513 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7514 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7515 ** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7516 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7517 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7518 **
7519 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7520 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7521 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7522 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7523 ** ^If the discard parameter is
7524 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7525 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7526 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7527 **
7528 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7529 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7530 ** to xFetch().
7531 **
7532 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7533 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7534 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7535 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7536 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7537 ** to be pinned.
7538 **
7539 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7540 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7541 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7542 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7543 ** they can be safely discarded.
7544 **
7545 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7546 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7547 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7548 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7549 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7550 ** functions.
7551 **
7552 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7553 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7554 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7555 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7556 ** do their best.
7557 */
7558 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7559 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7560   int iVersion;
7561   void *pArg;
7562   int (*xInit)(void*);
7563   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7564   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7565   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7566   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7567   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7568   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7569   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7570       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7571   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7572   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7573   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7574 };
7575 
7576 /*
7577 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7578 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7579 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7580 */
7581 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7582 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7583   void *pArg;
7584   int (*xInit)(void*);
7585   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7586   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7587   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7588   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7589   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7590   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7591   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7592   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7593   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7594 };
7595 
7596 
7597 /*
7598 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7599 **
7600 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7601 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7602 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7603 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7604 **
7605 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7606 */
7607 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7608 
7609 /*
7610 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7611 **
7612 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7613 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7614 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7615 **
7616 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7617 **
7618 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7619 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
7620 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7621 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7622 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7623 ** preventing other database connections from
7624 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7625 **
7626 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7627 **   <ol>
7628 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7629 **         backup,
7630 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7631 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
7632 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7633 **         associated with the backup operation.
7634 **   </ol>)^
7635 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7636 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7637 **
7638 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7639 **
7640 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7641 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7642 ** and the database name, respectively.
7643 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7644 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7645 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7646 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7647 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7648 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7649 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7650 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7651 ** an error.
7652 **
7653 ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7654 ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7655 ** destination database.
7656 **
7657 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7658 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7659 ** destination [database connection] D.
7660 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7661 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7662 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7663 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7664 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7665 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7666 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7667 ** operation.
7668 **
7669 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7670 **
7671 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7672 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7673 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7674 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7675 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7676 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7677 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7678 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7679 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7680 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7681 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7682 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7683 **
7684 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7685 ** <ol>
7686 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7687 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7688 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7689 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7690 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
7691 ** </ol>)^
7692 **
7693 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7694 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7695 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7696 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7697 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7698 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7699 ** [database connection]
7700 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7701 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7702 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7703 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7704 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7705 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7706 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7707 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7708 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7709 **
7710 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7711 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7712 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7713 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7714 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7715 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7716 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7717 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7718 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7719 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7720 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7721 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7722 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7723 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7724 ** updated at the same time.
7725 **
7726 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7727 **
7728 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7729 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7730 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7731 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7732 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7733 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7734 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7735 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7736 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7737 **
7738 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7739 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7740 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7741 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7742 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7743 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7744 **
7745 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7746 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7747 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7748 **
7749 ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7750 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7751 **
7752 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7753 ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7754 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7755 ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7756 ** sqlite3_backup_step().
7757 ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7758 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7759 ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7760 ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7761 ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7762 ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7763 **
7764 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7765 **
7766 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7767 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7768 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7769 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7770 ** from within other threads.
7771 **
7772 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7773 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7774 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7775 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7776 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7777 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7778 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7779 ** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7780 **
7781 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7782 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7783 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7784 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7785 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7786 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7787 **
7788 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7789 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7790 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7791 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7792 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7793 ** possible that they return invalid values.
7794 */
7795 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7796   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7797   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7798   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7799   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7800 );
7801 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7802 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7803 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7804 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7805 
7806 /*
7807 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7808 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7809 **
7810 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7811 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7812 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7813 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7814 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7815 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7816 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7817 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7818 **
7819 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7820 **
7821 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7822 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7823 **
7824 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7825 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7826 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7827 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7828 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7829 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7830 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7831 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7832 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7833 ** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7834 **
7835 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7836 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7837 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7838 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7839 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7840 **
7841 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7842 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7843 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7844 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7845 **
7846 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7847 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7848 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7849 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7850 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7851 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7852 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7853 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7854 **
7855 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7856 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7857 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7858 **
7859 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7860 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
7861 **
7862 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7863 **
7864 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7865 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7866 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7867 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7868 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7869 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7870 **
7871 ** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7872 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7873 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7874 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7875 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7876 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7877 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7878 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7879 **
7880 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7881 **
7882 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7883 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7884 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7885 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7886 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7887 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7888 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7889 **
7890 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7891 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7892 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7893 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7894 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7895 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7896 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7897 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7898 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7899 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7900 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7901 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7902 **
7903 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7904 **
7905 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7906 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7907 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7908 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7909 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7910 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7911 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7912 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7913 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7914 **
7915 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7916 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7917 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7918 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7919 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7920 */
7921 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7922   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7923   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7924   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7925 );
7926 
7927 
7928 /*
7929 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7930 **
7931 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7932 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7933 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7934 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7935 */
7936 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7937 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7938 
7939 /*
7940 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7941 *
7942 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
7943 ** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
7944 ** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
7945 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7946 ** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
7947 ** is case sensitive.
7948 **
7949 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7950 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7951 **
7952 ** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
7953 */
7954 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7955 
7956 /*
7957 ** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
7958 *
7959 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
7960 ** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
7961 ** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
7962 ** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
7963 ** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
7964 ** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
7965 ** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
7966 ** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
7967 ** one another.
7968 **
7969 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
7970 ** only ASCII characters are case folded.
7971 **
7972 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7973 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7974 **
7975 ** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
7976 */
7977 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
7978 
7979 /*
7980 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7981 **
7982 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7983 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7984 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7985 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7986 **
7987 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7988 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7989 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7990 ** is considered bad form.
7991 **
7992 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7993 **
7994 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7995 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7996 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7997 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7998 ** buffer.
7999 */
8000 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8001 
8002 /*
8003 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8004 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8005 **
8006 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8007 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8008 **
8009 ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8010 ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8011 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8012 **
8013 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8014 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8015 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8016 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8017 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8018 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8019 ** including those that were just committed.
8020 **
8021 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8022 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8023 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8024 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8025 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8026 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8027 ** are undefined.
8028 **
8029 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8030 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8031 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8032 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8033 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8034 ** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8035 */
8036 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8037   sqlite3*,
8038   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8039   void*
8040 );
8041 
8042 /*
8043 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8044 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8045 **
8046 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8047 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8048 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
8049 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8050 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8051 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8052 ** checkpoints entirely.
8053 **
8054 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8055 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8056 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8057 ** configured by this function.
8058 **
8059 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8060 ** from SQL.
8061 **
8062 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8063 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8064 **
8065 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8066 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8067 ** pages.  The use of this interface
8068 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8069 ** for a particular application.
8070 */
8071 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8072 
8073 /*
8074 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8075 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8076 **
8077 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8078 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8079 **
8080 ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8081 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8082 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8083 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8084 ** information.
8085 **
8086 ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8087 ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8088 ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8089 ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8090 ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8091 ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8092 */
8093 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8094 
8095 /*
8096 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8097 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8098 **
8099 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8100 ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8101 ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8102 ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8103 **
8104 ** <dl>
8105 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8106 **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8107 **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8108 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8109 **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8110 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8111 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8112 **
8113 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8114 **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8115 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8116 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8117 **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8118 **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8119 **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8120 **
8121 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8122 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8123 **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8124 **   [busy-handler callback])
8125 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8126 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8127 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8128 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8129 **
8130 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8131 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8132 **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8133 **   to a successful return.
8134 ** </dl>
8135 **
8136 ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8137 ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8138 ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8139 ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8140 ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8141 ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8142 ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8143 ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8144 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8145 **
8146 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8147 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8148 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8149 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8150 **
8151 ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8152 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8153 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8154 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8155 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8156 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8157 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8158 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8159 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8160 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8161 **
8162 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8163 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8164 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8165 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8166 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8167 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8168 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8169 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8170 ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8171 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8172 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8173 **
8174 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8175 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8176 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8177 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8178 **
8179 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8180 ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8181 ** sets the error information that is queried by
8182 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8183 **
8184 ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8185 ** from SQL.
8186 */
8187 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8188   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8189   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8190   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8191   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8192   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8193 );
8194 
8195 /*
8196 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8197 ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8198 **
8199 ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8200 ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8201 ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8202 ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8203 */
8204 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8205 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8206 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8207 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8208 
8209 /*
8210 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8211 **
8212 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8213 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8214 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8215 **
8216 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8217 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8218 **
8219 ** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8220 ** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8221 ** may be added in the future.
8222 */
8223 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8224 
8225 /*
8226 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8227 **
8228 ** These macros define the various options to the
8229 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8230 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8231 **
8232 ** <dl>
8233 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8234 ** <dd>Calls of the form
8235 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8236 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8237 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8238 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8239 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8240 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8241 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8242 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8243 **
8244 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8245 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8246 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8247 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8248 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8249 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8250 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8251 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8252 ** had been ABORT.
8253 **
8254 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8255 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8256 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8257 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8258 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8259 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8260 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8261 ** constraint handling.
8262 ** </dl>
8263 */
8264 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8265 
8266 /*
8267 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8268 **
8269 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8270 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8271 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8272 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8273 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8274 ** [virtual table].
8275 */
8276 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8277 
8278 /*
8279 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8280 **
8281 ** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8282 ** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8283 ** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8284 ** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8285 ** a lighter-weight value to return that the corresponding [xUpdate] method
8286 ** understands as a "no-change" value.
8287 **
8288 ** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8289 ** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, they the xColumn
8290 ** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8291 ** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8292 ** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8293 ** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8294 */
8295 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8296 
8297 /*
8298 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8299 **
8300 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8301 ** method of a [virtual table].
8302 **
8303 ** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8304 ** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8305 ** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8306 ** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8307 ** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8308 ** constraint.
8309 */
8310 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8311 
8312 /*
8313 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8314 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8315 **
8316 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8317 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8318 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8319 **
8320 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8321 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8322 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8323 */
8324 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8325 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8326 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8327 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8328 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8329 
8330 /*
8331 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8332 ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8333 **
8334 ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8335 ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8336 ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8337 **
8338 ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8339 ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8340 ** S is finalized.
8341 **
8342 ** <dl>
8343 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8344 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8345 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8346 **
8347 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8348 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8349 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8350 **
8351 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8352 ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8353 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8354 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8355 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8356 ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8357 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8358 **
8359 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8360 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8361 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8362 ** used for the X-th loop.
8363 **
8364 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8365 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8366 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8367 ** description for the X-th loop.
8368 **
8369 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8370 ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8371 ** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8372 ** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8373 ** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8374 ** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8375 ** </dl>
8376 */
8377 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8378 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8379 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8380 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8381 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8382 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8383 
8384 /*
8385 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8386 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8387 **
8388 ** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8389 ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8390 ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8391 ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8392 **
8393 ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8394 ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8395 ** compile-time option.
8396 **
8397 ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8398 ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8399 ** of this interface is undefined.
8400 ** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8401 ** the "pOut" parameter.
8402 ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8403 ** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8404 ** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8405 ** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8406 ** points to is unchanged.
8407 **
8408 ** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8409 ** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8410 ** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8411 ** that pOut points to unchanged.
8412 **
8413 ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8414 */
8415 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8416   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8417   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8418   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8419   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8420 );
8421 
8422 /*
8423 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8424 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8425 **
8426 ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8427 **
8428 ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8429 ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8430 */
8431 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8432 
8433 /*
8434 ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8435 **
8436 ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8437 ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8438 ** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8439 ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8440 ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8441 ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8442 ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8443 ** any [attached] databases.
8444 **
8445 ** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8446 ** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8447 ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8448 ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8449 ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8450 ** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8451 ** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8452 ** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8453 **
8454 ** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8455 ** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8456 ** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8457 **
8458 ** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8459 **
8460 ** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8461 ** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8462 */
8463 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8464 
8465 /*
8466 ** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8467 **
8468 ** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8469 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8470 **
8471 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8472 ** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8473 ** on a database table.
8474 ** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8475 ** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8476 ** the previous setting.
8477 ** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8478 ** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8479 ** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8480 ** the first parameter to callbacks.
8481 **
8482 ** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
8483 ** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
8484 ** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
8485 **
8486 ** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8487 ** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8488 ** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8489 ** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8490 ** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8491 ** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8492 ** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8493 ** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8494 ** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8495 ** databases.)^
8496 ** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8497 ** table that is being modified.
8498 **
8499 ** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
8500 ** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8501 ** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
8502 ** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
8503 ** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
8504 ** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
8505 ** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
8506 ** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
8507 ** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
8508 **
8509 ** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8510 ** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8511 ** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8512 ** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8513 ** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8514 ** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8515 ** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8516 ** behavior.
8517 **
8518 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8519 ** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8520 **
8521 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8522 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8523 ** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8524 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8525 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8526 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8527 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8528 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8529 **
8530 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8531 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8532 ** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8533 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8534 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8535 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8536 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8537 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8538 **
8539 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8540 ** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8541 ** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8542 ** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8543 ** triggers; and so forth.
8544 **
8545 ** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8546 */
8547 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
8548 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8549   sqlite3 *db,
8550   void(*xPreUpdate)(
8551     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8552     sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8553     int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8554     char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8555     char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8556     sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8557     sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8558   ),
8559   void*
8560 );
8561 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8562 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8563 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8564 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8565 #endif
8566 
8567 /*
8568 ** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8569 **
8570 ** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8571 ** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8572 ** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8573 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8574 ** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8575 ** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8576 */
8577 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8578 
8579 /*
8580 ** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8581 ** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
8582 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8583 **
8584 ** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8585 ** database for some specific point in history.
8586 **
8587 ** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8588 ** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8589 ** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8590 ** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8591 ** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8592 ** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8593 ** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8594 **
8595 ** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8596 ** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8597 ** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8598 ** the most recent version.
8599 **
8600 ** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8601 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8602 ** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8603 ** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8604 */
8605 typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
8606   unsigned char hidden[48];
8607 } sqlite3_snapshot;
8608 
8609 /*
8610 ** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8611 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8612 **
8613 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8614 ** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8615 ** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8616 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8617 ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8618 ** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
8619 ** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
8620 **
8621 ** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
8622 ** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
8623 ** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
8624 ** in this case.
8625 **
8626 ** <ul>
8627 **   <li> The database handle must be in [autocommit mode].
8628 **
8629 **   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
8630 **
8631 **   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
8632 **        connection D.
8633 **
8634 **   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
8635 **        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
8636 **        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
8637 **        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
8638 **        must be written to it first.
8639 ** </ul>
8640 **
8641 ** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
8642 ** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
8643 ** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
8644 **
8645 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8646 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8647 ** to avoid a memory leak.
8648 **
8649 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8650 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8651 */
8652 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8653   sqlite3 *db,
8654   const char *zSchema,
8655   sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8656 );
8657 
8658 /*
8659 ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8660 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8661 **
8662 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8663 ** read transaction for schema S of
8664 ** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
8665 ** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
8666 ** recent change to the database.
8667 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
8668 ** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
8669 **
8670 ** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
8671 ** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
8672 ** out of [autocommit mode].
8673 ** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
8674 ** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
8675 ** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
8676 ** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
8677 ** [checkpoint].
8678 ** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
8679 ** database connection D does not know that the database file for
8680 ** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
8681 ** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
8682 ** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
8683 ** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
8684 ** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8685 ** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8686 **
8687 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8688 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8689 */
8690 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8691   sqlite3 *db,
8692   const char *zSchema,
8693   sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8694 );
8695 
8696 /*
8697 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8698 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8699 **
8700 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8701 ** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8702 ** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8703 **
8704 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8705 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8706 */
8707 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8708 
8709 /*
8710 ** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
8711 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8712 **
8713 ** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
8714 ** of two valid snapshot handles.
8715 **
8716 ** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
8717 ** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
8718 **
8719 ** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
8720 ** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
8721 ** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
8722 ** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
8723 ** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
8724 ** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
8725 ** is undefined.
8726 **
8727 ** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
8728 ** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
8729 ** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
8730 */
8731 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
8732   sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
8733   sqlite3_snapshot *p2
8734 );
8735 
8736 /*
8737 ** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
8738 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8739 **
8740 ** If all connections disconnect from a database file but do not perform
8741 ** a checkpoint, the existing wal file is opened along with the database
8742 ** file the next time the database is opened. At this point it is only
8743 ** possible to successfully call sqlite3_snapshot_open() to open the most
8744 ** recent snapshot of the database (the one at the head of the wal file),
8745 ** even though the wal file may contain other valid snapshots for which
8746 ** clients have sqlite3_snapshot handles.
8747 **
8748 ** This function attempts to scan the wal file associated with database zDb
8749 ** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
8750 ** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
8751 ** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a wal mode
8752 ** database.
8753 **
8754 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
8755 */
8756 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8757 
8758 /*
8759 ** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
8760 **
8761 ** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
8762 ** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
8763 ** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
8764 ** is written into *P.
8765 **
8766 ** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
8767 ** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
8768 ** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
8769 ** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
8770 **
8771 ** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
8772 ** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
8773 ** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
8774 ** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
8775 ** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
8776 ** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
8777 ** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
8778 ** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
8779 ** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
8780 ** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
8781 ** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
8782 ** values of D and S.
8783 ** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
8784 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contigious copy
8785 ** of the database exists.
8786 **
8787 ** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
8788 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
8789 ** allocation error occurs.
8790 **
8791 ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
8792 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
8793 */
8794 SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
8795   sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
8796   const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
8797   sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
8798   unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
8799 );
8800 
8801 /*
8802 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
8803 **
8804 ** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
8805 ** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
8806 **
8807 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
8808 ** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
8809 ** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
8810 ** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
8811 ** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
8812 ** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
8813 ** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
8814 */
8815 #define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
8816 
8817 /*
8818 ** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
8819 **
8820 ** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
8821 ** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
8822 ** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
8823 ** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
8824 ** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
8825 ** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
8826 ** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
8827 ** size does not exceed M bytes.
8828 **
8829 ** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
8830 ** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
8831 ** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
8832 ** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
8833 ** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
8834 **
8835 ** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
8836 ** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
8837 ** operation.
8838 **
8839 ** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
8840 ** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
8841 ** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
8842 **
8843 ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
8844 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
8845 */
8846 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_deserialize(
8847   sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
8848   const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
8849   unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
8850   sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
8851   sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
8852   unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
8853 );
8854 
8855 /*
8856 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
8857 **
8858 ** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
8859 ** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
8860 **
8861 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
8862 ** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
8863 ** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
8864 ** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
8865 ** is resposible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
8866 **
8867 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
8868 ** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
8869 ** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
8870 ** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
8871 ** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
8872 **
8873 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
8874 ** should be treated as read-only.
8875 */
8876 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
8877 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
8878 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
8879 
8880 /*
8881 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
8882 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
8883 */
8884 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
8885 # undef double
8886 #endif
8887 
8888 #ifdef __cplusplus
8889 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
8890 #endif
8891 #endif /* SQLITE3_H */
8892 
8893 /******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
8894 /*
8895 ** 2010 August 30
8896 **
8897 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
8898 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
8899 **
8900 **    May you do good and not evil.
8901 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
8902 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
8903 **
8904 *************************************************************************
8905 */
8906 
8907 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
8908 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
8909 
8910 
8911 #ifdef __cplusplus
8912 extern "C" {
8913 #endif
8914 
8915 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
8916 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
8917 
8918 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
8919 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
8920 */
8921 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
8922   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
8923 #else
8924   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
8925 #endif
8926 
8927 /*
8928 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
8929 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
8930 **
8931 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
8932 */
8933 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
8934   sqlite3 *db,
8935   const char *zGeom,
8936   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
8937   void *pContext
8938 );
8939 
8940 
8941 /*
8942 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
8943 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
8944 */
8945 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
8946   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
8947   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
8948   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
8949   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
8950   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
8951 };
8952 
8953 /*
8954 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
8955 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
8956 **
8957 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
8958 */
8959 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
8960   sqlite3 *db,
8961   const char *zQueryFunc,
8962   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
8963   void *pContext,
8964   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
8965 );
8966 
8967 
8968 /*
8969 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
8970 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
8971 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
8972 **
8973 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
8974 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
8975 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
8976 */
8977 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
8978   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
8979   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
8980   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
8981   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
8982   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
8983   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
8984   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
8985   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
8986   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
8987   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
8988   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
8989   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
8990   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
8991   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
8992   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
8993   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
8994   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
8995 };
8996 
8997 /*
8998 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
8999 */
9000 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
9001 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
9002 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
9003 
9004 
9005 #ifdef __cplusplus
9006 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
9007 #endif
9008 
9009 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
9010 
9011 /******** End of sqlite3rtree.h *********/
9012 /******** Begin file sqlite3session.h *********/
9013 
9014 #if !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
9015 #define __SQLITESESSION_H_ 1
9016 
9017 /*
9018 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
9019 */
9020 #ifdef __cplusplus
9021 extern "C" {
9022 #endif
9023 
9024 
9025 /*
9026 ** CAPI3REF: Session Object Handle
9027 **
9028 ** An instance of this object is a [session] that can be used to
9029 ** record changes to a database.
9030 */
9031 typedef struct sqlite3_session sqlite3_session;
9032 
9033 /*
9034 ** CAPI3REF: Changeset Iterator Handle
9035 **
9036 ** An instance of this object acts as a cursor for iterating
9037 ** over the elements of a [changeset] or [patchset].
9038 */
9039 typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
9040 
9041 /*
9042 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Session Object
9043 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
9044 **
9045 ** Create a new session object attached to database handle db. If successful,
9046 ** a pointer to the new object is written to *ppSession and SQLITE_OK is
9047 ** returned. If an error occurs, *ppSession is set to NULL and an SQLite
9048 ** error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
9049 **
9050 ** It is possible to create multiple session objects attached to a single
9051 ** database handle.
9052 **
9053 ** Session objects created using this function should be deleted using the
9054 ** [sqlite3session_delete()] function before the database handle that they
9055 ** are attached to is itself closed. If the database handle is closed before
9056 ** the session object is deleted, then the results of calling any session
9057 ** module function, including [sqlite3session_delete()] on the session object
9058 ** are undefined.
9059 **
9060 ** Because the session module uses the [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] API, it
9061 ** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
9062 ** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
9063 ** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
9064 ** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting
9065 ** either of these things are undefined.
9066 **
9067 ** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
9068 ** database zDb, where zDb is either "main", or "temp", or the name of an
9069 ** attached database. It is not an error if database zDb is not attached
9070 ** to the database when the session object is created.
9071 */
9072 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_create(
9073   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
9074   const char *zDb,                /* Name of db (e.g. "main") */
9075   sqlite3_session **ppSession     /* OUT: New session object */
9076 );
9077 
9078 /*
9079 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
9080 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
9081 **
9082 ** Delete a session object previously allocated using
9083 ** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
9084 ** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
9085 ** function are undefined.
9086 **
9087 ** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
9088 ** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for
9089 ** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
9090 */
9091 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
9092 
9093 
9094 /*
9095 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable A Session Object
9096 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
9097 **
9098 ** Enable or disable the recording of changes by a session object. When
9099 ** enabled, a session object records changes made to the database. When
9100 ** disabled - it does not. A newly created session object is enabled.
9101 ** Refer to the documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further
9102 ** details regarding how enabling and disabling a session object affects
9103 ** the eventual changesets.
9104 **
9105 ** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
9106 ** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a
9107 ** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
9108 **
9109 ** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if
9110 ** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
9111 */
9112 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
9113 
9114 /*
9115 ** CAPI3REF: Set Or Clear the Indirect Change Flag
9116 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
9117 **
9118 ** Each change recorded by a session object is marked as either direct or
9119 ** indirect. A change is marked as indirect if either:
9120 **
9121 ** <ul>
9122 **   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
9123 **        made, or
9124 **   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action
9125 **        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
9126 ** </ul>
9127 **
9128 ** If a single row is affected by more than one operation within a session,
9129 ** then the change is considered indirect if all operations meet the criteria
9130 ** for an indirect change above, or direct otherwise.
9131 **
9132 ** This function is used to set, clear or query the session object indirect
9133 ** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
9134 ** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
9135 ** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
9136 ** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the
9137 ** indirect flag for the specified session object.
9138 **
9139 ** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if
9140 ** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
9141 */
9142 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
9143 
9144 /*
9145 ** CAPI3REF: Attach A Table To A Session Object
9146 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
9147 **
9148 ** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
9149 ** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes
9150 ** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See
9151 ** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
9152 **
9153 ** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
9154 ** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by
9155 ** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for
9156 ** the new tables are also recorded.
9157 **
9158 ** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
9159 ** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the
9160 ** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
9161 ** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
9162 **
9163 ** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
9164 ** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
9165 ** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
9166 **
9167 ** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
9168 ** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
9169 **
9170 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error
9171 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
9172 **
9173 ** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
9174 **
9175 ** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to
9176 ** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
9177 **  <pre>
9178 **  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)
9179 **  </pre>
9180 **
9181 ** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are
9182 ** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes
9183 ** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
9184 ** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
9185 ** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
9186 ** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
9187 ** concat() and similar.
9188 **
9189 ** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the
9190 ** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
9191 ** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
9192 ** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset
9193 ** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
9194 ** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
9195 ** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
9196 **
9197 ** Legacy (older than 3.22.0) versions of the sessions module cannot capture
9198 ** changes made to the sqlite_stat1 table. Legacy versions of the
9199 ** sqlite3changeset_apply() function silently ignore any modifications to the
9200 ** sqlite_stat1 table that are part of a changeset or patchset.
9201 */
9202 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
9203   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
9204   const char *zTab                /* Table name */
9205 );
9206 
9207 /*
9208 ** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
9209 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
9210 **
9211 ** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows
9212 ** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called
9213 ** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not.
9214 ** If xFilter returns 0, changes is not tracked. Note that once a table is
9215 ** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
9216 */
9217 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
9218   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
9219   int(*xFilter)(
9220     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to _filter_table() */
9221     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
9222   ),
9223   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */
9224 );
9225 
9226 /*
9227 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
9228 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
9229 **
9230 ** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the
9231 ** session object passed as the first argument. If successful,
9232 ** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset
9233 ** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
9234 ** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
9235 ** zero and return an SQLite error code.
9236 **
9237 ** A changeset consists of zero or more INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE changes,
9238 ** each representing a change to a single row of an attached table. An INSERT
9239 ** change contains the values of each field of a new database row. A DELETE
9240 ** contains the original values of each field of a deleted database row. An
9241 ** UPDATE change contains the original values of each field of an updated
9242 ** database row along with the updated values for each updated non-primary-key
9243 ** column. It is not possible for an UPDATE change to represent a change that
9244 ** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
9245 ** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
9246 **
9247 ** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or
9248 ** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
9249 ** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
9250 ** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
9251 ** PRIMARY KEY columns is updated so that all PRIMARY KEY columns are non-NULL,
9252 ** only an INSERT is appears in the changeset. Similarly, if an existing row
9253 ** with non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values is updated so that one or more of its
9254 ** PRIMARY KEY columns are set to NULL, the resulting changeset contains a
9255 ** DELETE change only.
9256 **
9257 ** The contents of a changeset may be traversed using an iterator created
9258 ** using the [sqlite3changeset_start()] API. A changeset may be applied to
9259 ** a database with a compatible schema using the [sqlite3changeset_apply()]
9260 ** API.
9261 **
9262 ** Within a changeset generated by this function, all changes related to a
9263 ** single table are grouped together. In other words, when iterating through
9264 ** a changeset or when applying a changeset to a database, all changes related
9265 ** to a single table are processed before moving on to the next table. Tables
9266 ** are sorted in the same order in which they were attached (or auto-attached)
9267 ** to the sqlite3_session object. The order in which the changes related to
9268 ** a single table are stored is undefined.
9269 **
9270 ** Following a successful call to this function, it is the responsibility of
9271 ** the caller to eventually free the buffer that *ppChangeset points to using
9272 ** [sqlite3_free()].
9273 **
9274 ** <h3>Changeset Generation</h3>
9275 **
9276 ** Once a table has been attached to a session object, the session object
9277 ** records the primary key values of all new rows inserted into the table.
9278 ** It also records the original primary key and other column values of any
9279 ** deleted or updated rows. For each unique primary key value, data is only
9280 ** recorded once - the first time a row with said primary key is inserted,
9281 ** updated or deleted in the lifetime of the session.
9282 **
9283 ** There is one exception to the previous paragraph: when a row is inserted,
9284 ** updated or deleted, if one or more of its primary key columns contain a
9285 ** NULL value, no record of the change is made.
9286 **
9287 ** The session object therefore accumulates two types of records - those
9288 ** that consist of primary key values only (created when the user inserts
9289 ** a new record) and those that consist of the primary key values and the
9290 ** original values of other table columns (created when the users deletes
9291 ** or updates a record).
9292 **
9293 ** When this function is called, the requested changeset is created using
9294 ** both the accumulated records and the current contents of the database
9295 ** file. Specifically:
9296 **
9297 ** <ul>
9298 **   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
9299 **        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
9300 **        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change
9301 **        is added to the changeset.
9302 **
9303 **   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is
9304 **        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
9305 **        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
9306 **        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to
9307 **        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE
9308 **        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
9309 **        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
9310 **        values, no change is added to the changeset.
9311 ** </ul>
9312 **
9313 ** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
9314 ** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
9315 ** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a
9316 ** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
9317 ** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
9318 ** a DELETE and an INSERT.
9319 **
9320 ** When a session object is disabled (see the [sqlite3session_enable()] API),
9321 ** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
9322 ** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
9323 ** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
9324 ** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while
9325 ** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
9326 ** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
9327 ** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and
9328 ** another field of the same row is updated while the session is enabled, the
9329 ** resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both fields.
9330 */
9331 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
9332   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
9333   int *pnChangeset,               /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
9334   void **ppChangeset              /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
9335 );
9336 
9337 /*
9338 ** CAPI3REF: Load The Difference Between Tables Into A Session
9339 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
9340 **
9341 ** If it is not already attached to the session object passed as the first
9342 ** argument, this function attaches table zTbl in the same manner as the
9343 ** [sqlite3session_attach()] function. If zTbl does not exist, or if it
9344 ** does not have a primary key, this function is a no-op (but does not return
9345 ** an error).
9346 **
9347 ** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
9348 ** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains
9349 ** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
9350 ** A table is considered compatible if it:
9351 **
9352 ** <ul>
9353 **   <li> Has the same name,
9354 **   <li> Has the same set of columns declared in the same order, and
9355 **   <li> Has the same PRIMARY KEY definition.
9356 ** </ul>
9357 **
9358 ** If the tables are not compatible, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned. If the tables
9359 ** are compatible but do not have any PRIMARY KEY columns, it is not an error
9360 ** but no changes are added to the session object. As with other session
9361 ** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
9362 **
9363 ** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
9364 ** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table")
9365 ** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session
9366 ** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
9367 **
9368 ** <ul>
9369 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
9370 **     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
9371 **
9372 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
9373 **     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
9374 **
9375 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features
9376 **     different non-PK values in each, an UPDATE record is added to the
9377 **     session.
9378 ** </ul>
9379 **
9380 ** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
9381 ** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to
9382 ** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be
9383 ** identical.
9384 **
9385 ** It an error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the
9386 ** required compatible table.
9387 **
9388 ** If the operation successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
9389 ** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
9390 ** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
9391 ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
9392 ** sqlite3_free().
9393 */
9394 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
9395   sqlite3_session *pSession,
9396   const char *zFromDb,
9397   const char *zTbl,
9398   char **pzErrMsg
9399 );
9400 
9401 
9402 /*
9403 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Patchset From A Session Object
9404 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
9405 **
9406 ** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
9407 **
9408 ** <ul>
9409 **   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The
9410 **        original values of other fields are omitted.
9411 **   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from
9412 **        UPDATE records.
9413 ** </ul>
9414 **
9415 ** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all
9416 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(),
9417 ** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
9418 ** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
9419 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.
9420 **
9421 ** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no
9422 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
9423 ** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
9424 ** in the same way as for changesets.
9425 **
9426 ** Changes within a patchset are ordered in the same way as for changesets
9427 ** generated by the sqlite3session_changeset() function (i.e. all changes for
9428 ** a single table are grouped together, tables appear in the order in which
9429 ** they were attached to the session object).
9430 */
9431 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
9432   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
9433   int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppPatchset */
9434   void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing patchset */
9435 );
9436 
9437 /*
9438 ** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
9439 **
9440 ** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by
9441 ** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or
9442 ** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
9443 **
9444 ** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
9445 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
9446 ** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in
9447 ** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values
9448 ** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
9449 ** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a
9450 ** changeset containing zero changes.
9451 */
9452 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
9453 
9454 /*
9455 ** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset
9456 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changeset_iter
9457 **
9458 ** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
9459 ** If successful, *pp is set to point to the iterator handle and SQLITE_OK
9460 ** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
9461 ** SQLite error code is returned.
9462 **
9463 ** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset
9464 ** iterator created by this function:
9465 **
9466 ** <ul>
9467 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_next()]
9468 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_op()]
9469 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_new()]
9470 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_old()]
9471 ** </ul>
9472 **
9473 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually destroy the iterator
9474 ** by passing it to [sqlite3changeset_finalize()]. The buffer containing the
9475 ** changeset (pChangeset) must remain valid until after the iterator is
9476 ** destroyed.
9477 **
9478 ** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
9479 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
9480 ** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset
9481 ** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when
9482 ** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by
9483 ** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited
9484 ** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change
9485 ** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit
9486 ** another change for table X.
9487 */
9488 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
9489   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
9490   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
9491   void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
9492 );
9493 
9494 
9495 /*
9496 ** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
9497 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
9498 **
9499 ** This function may only be used with iterators created by function
9500 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
9501 ** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
9502 ** is returned and the call has no effect.
9503 **
9504 ** Immediately after an iterator is created by sqlite3changeset_start(), it
9505 ** does not point to any change in the changeset. Assuming the changeset
9506 ** is not empty, the first call to this function advances the iterator to
9507 ** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
9508 ** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
9509 ** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
9510 ** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned.
9511 ** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
9512 ** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
9513 **
9514 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error
9515 ** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or
9516 ** SQLITE_NOMEM.
9517 */
9518 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
9519 
9520 /*
9521 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Current Operation From A Changeset Iterator
9522 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
9523 **
9524 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
9525 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
9526 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
9527 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned [SQLITE_ROW]. If this
9528 ** is not the case, this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE].
9529 **
9530 ** If argument pzTab is not NULL, then *pzTab is set to point to a
9531 ** nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing the name of the table
9532 ** affected by the current change. The buffer remains valid until either
9533 ** sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator or until the
9534 ** conflict-handler function returns. If pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is
9535 ** set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change. If
9536 ** pbIncorrect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
9537 ** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
9538 ** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
9539 ** changes. Finally, if pOp is not NULL, then *pOp is set to one of
9540 ** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the
9541 ** type of change that the iterator currently points to.
9542 **
9543 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
9544 ** SQLite error code is returned. The values of the output variables may not
9545 ** be trusted in this case.
9546 */
9547 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_op(
9548   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
9549   const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Pointer to table name */
9550   int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: Number of columns in table */
9551   int *pOp,                       /* OUT: SQLITE_INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE */
9552   int *pbIndirect                 /* OUT: True for an 'indirect' change */
9553 );
9554 
9555 /*
9556 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Primary Key Definition Of A Table
9557 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
9558 **
9559 ** For each modified table, a changeset includes the following:
9560 **
9561 ** <ul>
9562 **   <li> The number of columns in the table, and
9563 **   <li> Which of those columns make up the tables PRIMARY KEY.
9564 ** </ul>
9565 **
9566 ** This function is used to find which columns comprise the PRIMARY KEY of
9567 ** the table modified by the change that iterator pIter currently points to.
9568 ** If successful, *pabPK is set to point to an array of nCol entries, where
9569 ** nCol is the number of columns in the table. Elements of *pabPK are set to
9570 ** 0x01 if the corresponding column is part of the tables primary key, or
9571 ** 0x00 if it is not.
9572 **
9573 ** If argument pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is set to the number of columns
9574 ** in the table.
9575 **
9576 ** If this function is called when the iterator does not point to a valid
9577 ** entry, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned and the output variables zeroed. Otherwise,
9578 ** SQLITE_OK is returned and the output variables populated as described
9579 ** above.
9580 */
9581 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_pk(
9582   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
9583   unsigned char **pabPK,          /* OUT: Array of boolean - true for PK cols */
9584   int *pnCol                      /* OUT: Number of entries in output array */
9585 );
9586 
9587 /*
9588 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain old.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
9589 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
9590 **
9591 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
9592 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
9593 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
9594 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
9595 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
9596 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
9597 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
9598 **
9599 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
9600 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
9601 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9602 **
9603 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
9604 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
9605 ** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
9606 ** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this
9607 ** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
9608 **
9609 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
9610 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9611 */
9612 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_old(
9613   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9614   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
9615   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Old value (or NULL pointer) */
9616 );
9617 
9618 /*
9619 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain new.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
9620 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
9621 **
9622 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
9623 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
9624 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
9625 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
9626 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
9627 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
9628 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
9629 **
9630 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
9631 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
9632 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9633 **
9634 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
9635 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
9636 ** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
9637 ** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
9638 ** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and
9639 ** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that
9640 ** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete
9641 ** triggers.
9642 **
9643 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
9644 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9645 */
9646 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_new(
9647   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9648   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
9649   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: New value (or NULL pointer) */
9650 );
9651 
9652 /*
9653 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Conflicting Row Values From A Changeset Iterator
9654 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
9655 **
9656 ** This function should only be used with iterator objects passed to a
9657 ** conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()] with either
9658 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] or [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT]. If this function
9659 ** is called on any other iterator, [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned and *ppValue
9660 ** is set to NULL.
9661 **
9662 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
9663 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
9664 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9665 **
9666 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
9667 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the
9668 ** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
9669 ** and returns SQLITE_OK.
9670 **
9671 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
9672 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9673 */
9674 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_conflict(
9675   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9676   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
9677   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Value from conflicting row */
9678 );
9679 
9680 /*
9681 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Number Of Foreign Key Constraint Violations
9682 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
9683 **
9684 ** This function may only be called with an iterator passed to an
9685 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY conflict handler callback. In this case
9686 ** it sets the output variable to the total number of known foreign key
9687 ** violations in the destination database and returns SQLITE_OK.
9688 **
9689 ** In all other cases this function returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
9690 */
9691 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
9692   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9693   int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Number of FK violations */
9694 );
9695 
9696 
9697 /*
9698 ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Changeset Iterator
9699 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
9700 **
9701 ** This function is used to finalize an iterator allocated with
9702 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()].
9703 **
9704 ** This function should only be called on iterators created using the
9705 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()] function. If an application calls this
9706 ** function with an iterator passed to a conflict-handler by
9707 ** [sqlite3changeset_apply()], [SQLITE_MISUSE] is immediately returned and the
9708 ** call has no effect.
9709 **
9710 ** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
9711 ** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an
9712 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
9713 ** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
9714 ** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
9715 **
9716 ** <pre>
9717 **   sqlite3changeset_start();
9718 **   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3changeset_next() ){
9719 **     // Do something with change.
9720 **   }
9721 **   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
9722 **   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
9723 **     // An error has occurred
9724 **   }
9725 ** </pre>
9726 */
9727 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
9728 
9729 /*
9730 ** CAPI3REF: Invert A Changeset
9731 **
9732 ** This function is used to "invert" a changeset object. Applying an inverted
9733 ** changeset to a database reverses the effects of applying the uninverted
9734 ** changeset. Specifically:
9735 **
9736 ** <ul>
9737 **   <li> Each DELETE change is changed to an INSERT, and
9738 **   <li> Each INSERT change is changed to a DELETE, and
9739 **   <li> For each UPDATE change, the old.* and new.* values are exchanged.
9740 ** </ul>
9741 **
9742 ** This function does not change the order in which changes appear within
9743 ** the changeset. It merely reverses the sense of each individual change.
9744 **
9745 ** If successful, a pointer to a buffer containing the inverted changeset
9746 ** is stored in *ppOut, the size of the same buffer is stored in *pnOut, and
9747 ** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, both *pnOut and *ppOut are
9748 ** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
9749 **
9750 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
9751 ** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful
9752 ** call to this function.
9753 **
9754 ** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
9755 ** changeset. If it is not, the results are undefined.
9756 */
9757 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert(
9758   int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
9759   int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
9760 );
9761 
9762 /*
9763 ** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
9764 **
9765 ** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a
9766 ** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
9767 ** changeset A followed by changeset B.
9768 **
9769 ** This function combines the two input changesets using an
9770 ** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
9771 ** following code fragment:
9772 **
9773 ** <pre>
9774 **   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp;
9775 **   rc = sqlite3_changegroup_new(&pGrp);
9776 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nA, pA);
9777 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nB, pB);
9778 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
9779 **     rc = sqlite3changegroup_output(pGrp, pnOut, ppOut);
9780 **   }else{
9781 **     *ppOut = 0;
9782 **     *pnOut = 0;
9783 **   }
9784 ** </pre>
9785 **
9786 ** Refer to the sqlite3_changegroup documentation below for details.
9787 */
9788 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
9789   int nA,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pA */
9790   void *pA,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset A */
9791   int nB,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pB */
9792   void *pB,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset B */
9793   int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Number of bytes in output changeset */
9794   void **ppOut                    /* OUT: Buffer containing output changeset */
9795 );
9796 
9797 
9798 /*
9799 ** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
9800 **
9801 ** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more
9802 ** [changesets] or [patchsets]
9803 */
9804 typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
9805 
9806 /*
9807 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Changegroup Object
9808 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changegroup
9809 **
9810 ** An sqlite3_changegroup object is used to combine two or more changesets
9811 ** (or patchsets) into a single changeset (or patchset). A single changegroup
9812 ** object may combine changesets or patchsets, but not both. The output is
9813 ** always in the same format as the input.
9814 **
9815 ** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
9816 ** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
9817 ** should eventually free the returned object using a call to
9818 ** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
9819 ** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
9820 **
9821 ** The usual usage pattern for an sqlite3_changegroup object is as follows:
9822 **
9823 ** <ul>
9824 **   <li> It is created using a call to sqlite3changegroup_new().
9825 **
9826 **   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
9827 **        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
9828 **
9829 **   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained
9830 **        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
9831 **
9832 **   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
9833 ** </ul>
9834 **
9835 ** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
9836 ** new() and delete(), and in any order.
9837 **
9838 ** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and
9839 ** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
9840 ** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
9841 */
9842 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
9843 
9844 /*
9845 ** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup
9846 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
9847 **
9848 ** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
9849 ** nData bytes) to the changegroup.
9850 **
9851 ** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
9852 ** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
9853 ** the buffer contains a changeset, so must have the earlier calls to this
9854 ** function. Otherwise, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no changes are added
9855 ** to the changegroup.
9856 **
9857 ** Rows within the changeset and changegroup are identified by the values in
9858 ** their PRIMARY KEY columns. A change in the changeset is considered to
9859 ** apply to the same row as a change already present in the changegroup if
9860 ** the two rows have the same primary key.
9861 **
9862 ** Changes to rows that do not already appear in the changegroup are
9863 ** simply copied into it. Or, if both the new changeset and the changegroup
9864 ** contain changes that apply to a single row, the final contents of the
9865 ** changegroup depends on the type of each change, as follows:
9866 **
9867 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
9868 **   <tr><th style="white-space:pre">Existing Change  </th>
9869 **       <th style="white-space:pre">New Change       </th>
9870 **       <th>Output Change
9871 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>INSERT <td>
9872 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9873 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9874 **       added to the changegroup.
9875 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
9876 **       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the
9877 **       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
9878 **       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
9879 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
9880 **       The existing INSERT is removed from the changegroup. The DELETE is
9881 **       not added.
9882 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>INSERT <td>
9883 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9884 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9885 **       added to the changegroup.
9886 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
9887 **       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended
9888 **       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once
9889 **       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
9890 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
9891 **       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
9892 **       changegroup.
9893 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
9894 **       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
9895 **       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing
9896 **       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
9897 **       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same
9898 **       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
9899 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
9900 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9901 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9902 **       added to the changegroup.
9903 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>DELETE <td>
9904 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9905 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9906 **       added to the changegroup.
9907 ** </table>
9908 **
9909 ** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
9910 ** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
9911 ** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
9912 ** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset
9913 ** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is
9914 ** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this
9915 ** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the
9916 ** final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
9917 **
9918 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9919 */
9920 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
9921 
9922 /*
9923 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup
9924 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
9925 **
9926 ** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset (or patchset) representing the
9927 ** current contents of the changegroup. If the inputs to the changegroup
9928 ** were themselves changesets, the output is a changeset. Or, if the
9929 ** inputs were patchsets, the output is also a patchset.
9930 **
9931 ** As with the output of the sqlite3session_changeset() and
9932 ** sqlite3session_patchset() functions, all changes related to a single
9933 ** table are grouped together in the output of this function. Tables appear
9934 ** in the same order as for the very first changeset added to the changegroup.
9935 ** If the second or subsequent changesets added to the changegroup contain
9936 ** changes for tables that do not appear in the first changeset, they are
9937 ** appended onto the end of the output changeset, again in the order in
9938 ** which they are first encountered.
9939 **
9940 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
9941 ** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
9942 ** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a
9943 ** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
9944 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
9945 ** call to sqlite3_free().
9946 */
9947 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output(
9948   sqlite3_changegroup*,
9949   int *pnData,                    /* OUT: Size of output buffer in bytes */
9950   void **ppData                   /* OUT: Pointer to output buffer */
9951 );
9952 
9953 /*
9954 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Changegroup Object
9955 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changegroup
9956 */
9957 SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
9958 
9959 /*
9960 ** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database
9961 **
9962 ** Apply a changeset or patchset to a database. These functions attempt to
9963 ** update the "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in
9964 ** the changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
9965 **
9966 ** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to these functions is the "filter
9967 ** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one
9968 ** change in the changeset, the filter callback is invoked with
9969 ** the table name as the second argument, and a copy of the context pointer
9970 ** passed as the sixth argument as the first. If the "filter callback"
9971 ** returns zero, then no attempt is made to apply any changes to the table.
9972 ** Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter argument to
9973 ** is NULL, all changes related to the table are attempted.
9974 **
9975 ** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function
9976 ** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is
9977 ** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
9978 **
9979 ** <ul>
9980 **   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the
9981 **        changeset, and
9982 **   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the
9983 **        changeset, and
9984 **   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as
9985 **        recorded in the changeset.
9986 ** </ul>
9987 **
9988 ** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the
9989 ** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued
9990 ** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
9991 ** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
9992 **
9993 ** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made
9994 ** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE
9995 ** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler
9996 ** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be
9997 ** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for
9998 ** each type of change is below.
9999 **
10000 ** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
10001 ** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict
10002 ** argument are undefined.
10003 **
10004 ** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
10005 ** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or
10006 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
10007 ** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
10008 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
10009 ** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
10010 ** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different
10011 ** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
10012 ** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
10013 ** the documentation for the three
10014 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
10015 **
10016 ** <dl>
10017 ** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
10018 **   For each DELETE change, the function checks if the target database
10019 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
10020 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
10021 **   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in
10022 **   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
10023 **
10024 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
10025 **   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from the original
10026 **   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
10027 **   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. If the
10028 **   database table has more columns than are recorded in the changeset,
10029 **   only the values of those non-primary key fields are compared against
10030 **   the current database contents - any trailing database table columns
10031 **   are ignored.
10032 **
10033 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
10034 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
10035 **   passed as the second argument.
10036 **
10037 **   If the DELETE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
10038 **   (which can only happen if a foreign key constraint is violated), the
10039 **   conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT]
10040 **   passed as the second argument. This includes the case where the DELETE
10041 **   operation is attempted because an earlier call to the conflict handler
10042 **   function returned [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
10043 **
10044 ** <dt>INSERT Changes<dd>
10045 **   For each INSERT change, an attempt is made to insert the new row into
10046 **   the database. If the changeset row contains fewer fields than the
10047 **   database table, the trailing fields are populated with their default
10048 **   values.
10049 **
10050 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already
10051 **   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
10052 **   function is invoked with the second argument set to
10053 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
10054 **
10055 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
10056 **   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is
10057 **   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
10058 **   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because
10059 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
10060 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
10061 **
10062 ** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
10063 **   For each UPDATE change, the function checks if the target database
10064 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
10065 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
10066 **   stored in all modified non-primary key columns also match the values
10067 **   stored in the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
10068 **
10069 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
10070 **   the modified non-primary key fields contains a value different from an
10071 **   original row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function
10072 **   is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. Since
10073 **   UPDATE changes only contain values for non-primary key fields that are
10074 **   to be modified, only those fields need to match the original values to
10075 **   avoid the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-handler callback.
10076 **
10077 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
10078 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
10079 **   passed as the second argument.
10080 **
10081 **   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns
10082 **   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with
10083 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
10084 **   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after
10085 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
10086 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
10087 ** </dl>
10088 **
10089 ** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
10090 ** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
10091 ** This can be used to further customize the applications conflict
10092 ** resolution strategy.
10093 **
10094 ** All changes made by these functions are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
10095 ** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
10096 ** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
10097 ** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an
10098 ** SQLite error code returned.
10099 **
10100 ** If the output parameters (ppRebase) and (pnRebase) are non-NULL and
10101 ** the input is a changeset (not a patchset), then sqlite3changeset_apply_v2()
10102 ** may set (*ppRebase) to point to a "rebase" that may be used with the
10103 ** sqlite3_rebaser APIs buffer before returning. In this case (*pnRebase)
10104 ** is set to the size of the buffer in bytes. It is the responsibility of the
10105 ** caller to eventually free any such buffer using sqlite3_free(). The buffer
10106 ** is only allocated and populated if one or more conflicts were encountered
10107 ** while applying the patchset. See comments surrounding the sqlite3_rebaser
10108 ** APIs for further details.
10109 **
10110 ** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and its streaming equivalent
10111 ** may be modified by passing a combination of
10112 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT | supported flags] as the 9th parameter.
10113 **
10114 ** Note that the sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
10115 ** and therefore subject to change.
10116 */
10117 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply(
10118   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
10119   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
10120   void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
10121   int(*xFilter)(
10122     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
10123     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
10124   ),
10125   int(*xConflict)(
10126     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
10127     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
10128     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
10129   ),
10130   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
10131 );
10132 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
10133   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
10134   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
10135   void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
10136   int(*xFilter)(
10137     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
10138     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
10139   ),
10140   int(*xConflict)(
10141     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
10142     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
10143     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
10144   ),
10145   void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
10146   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase, /* OUT: Rebase data */
10147   int flags                       /* Combination of SESSION_APPLY_* flags */
10148 );
10149 
10150 /*
10151 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_apply_v2
10152 **
10153 ** The following flags may passed via the 9th parameter to
10154 ** [sqlite3changeset_apply_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm]:
10155 **
10156 ** <dl>
10157 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT <dd>
10158 **   Usually, the sessions module encloses all operations performed by
10159 **   a single call to apply_v2() or apply_v2_strm() in a [SAVEPOINT]. The
10160 **   SAVEPOINT is committed if the changeset or patchset is successfully
10161 **   applied, or rolled back if an error occurs. Specifying this flag
10162 **   causes the sessions module to omit this savepoint. In this case, if the
10163 **   caller has an open transaction or savepoint when apply_v2() is called,
10164 **   it may revert the partially applied changeset by rolling it back.
10165 */
10166 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT   0x0001
10167 
10168 /*
10169 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
10170 **
10171 ** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
10172 **
10173 ** <dl>
10174 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
10175 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
10176 **   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
10177 **   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other
10178 **   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the
10179 **   expected "before" values.
10180 **
10181 **   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
10182 **   primary key.
10183 **
10184 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
10185 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
10186 **   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
10187 **   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
10188 **
10189 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
10190 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
10191 **
10192 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
10193 **   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
10194 **   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result
10195 **   in duplicate primary key values.
10196 **
10197 **   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
10198 **   primary key.
10199 **
10200 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
10201 **   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
10202 **   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict
10203 **   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
10204 **   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
10205 **   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
10206 **   foreign key constraint violation, are committed. Or, if it returns
10207 **   CHANGESET_ABORT, the changeset is rolled back.
10208 **
10209 **   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
10210 **   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
10211 **   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
10212 **
10213 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
10214 **   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e.
10215 **   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is
10216 **   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
10217 **
10218 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
10219 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
10220 **
10221 ** </dl>
10222 */
10223 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA        1
10224 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND    2
10225 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT    3
10226 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
10227 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
10228 
10229 /*
10230 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
10231 **
10232 ** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
10233 **
10234 ** <dl>
10235 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
10236 **   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
10237 **   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module
10238 **   continues to the next change in the changeset.
10239 **
10240 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
10241 **   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
10242 **   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
10243 **   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the
10244 **   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
10245 **
10246 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
10247 **   handler, then the conflicting row is either updated or deleted, depending
10248 **   on the type of change.
10249 **
10250 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict
10251 **   handler, then the conflicting row is removed from the database and a
10252 **   second attempt to apply the change is made. If this second attempt fails,
10253 **   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
10254 **
10255 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
10256 **   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back
10257 **   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
10258 ** </dl>
10259 */
10260 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT       0
10261 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
10262 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
10263 
10264 /*
10265 ** CAPI3REF: Rebasing changesets
10266 ** EXPERIMENTAL
10267 **
10268 ** Suppose there is a site hosting a database in state S0. And that
10269 ** modifications are made that move that database to state S1 and a
10270 ** changeset recorded (the "local" changeset). Then, a changeset based
10271 ** on S0 is received from another site (the "remote" changeset) and
10272 ** applied to the database. The database is then in state
10273 ** (S1+"remote"), where the exact state depends on any conflict
10274 ** resolution decisions (OMIT or REPLACE) made while applying "remote".
10275 ** Rebasing a changeset is to update it to take those conflict
10276 ** resolution decisions into account, so that the same conflicts
10277 ** do not have to be resolved elsewhere in the network.
10278 **
10279 ** For example, if both the local and remote changesets contain an
10280 ** INSERT of the same key on "CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b)":
10281 **
10282 **   local:  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'v1');
10283 **   remote: INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'v2');
10284 **
10285 ** and the conflict resolution is REPLACE, then the INSERT change is
10286 ** removed from the local changeset (it was overridden). Or, if the
10287 ** conflict resolution was "OMIT", then the local changeset is modified
10288 ** to instead contain:
10289 **
10290 **           UPDATE t1 SET b = 'v2' WHERE a=1;
10291 **
10292 ** Changes within the local changeset are rebased as follows:
10293 **
10294 ** <dl>
10295 ** <dt>Local INSERT<dd>
10296 **   This may only conflict with a remote INSERT. If the conflict
10297 **   resolution was OMIT, then add an UPDATE change to the rebased
10298 **   changeset. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE, add
10299 **   nothing to the rebased changeset.
10300 **
10301 ** <dt>Local DELETE<dd>
10302 **   This may conflict with a remote UPDATE or DELETE. In both cases the
10303 **   only possible resolution is OMIT. If the remote operation was a
10304 **   DELETE, then add no change to the rebased changeset. If the remote
10305 **   operation was an UPDATE, then the old.* fields of change are updated
10306 **   to reflect the new.* values in the UPDATE.
10307 **
10308 ** <dt>Local UPDATE<dd>
10309 **   This may conflict with a remote UPDATE or DELETE. If it conflicts
10310 **   with a DELETE, and the conflict resolution was OMIT, then the update
10311 **   is changed into an INSERT. Any undefined values in the new.* record
10312 **   from the update change are filled in using the old.* values from
10313 **   the conflicting DELETE. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE,
10314 **   the UPDATE change is simply omitted from the rebased changeset.
10315 **
10316 **   If conflict is with a remote UPDATE and the resolution is OMIT, then
10317 **   the old.* values are rebased using the new.* values in the remote
10318 **   change. Or, if the resolution is REPLACE, then the change is copied
10319 **   into the rebased changeset with updates to columns also updated by
10320 **   the conflicting remote UPDATE removed. If this means no columns would
10321 **   be updated, the change is omitted.
10322 ** </dl>
10323 **
10324 ** A local change may be rebased against multiple remote changes
10325 ** simultaneously. If a single key is modified by multiple remote
10326 ** changesets, they are combined as follows before the local changeset
10327 ** is rebased:
10328 **
10329 ** <ul>
10330 **    <li> If there has been one or more REPLACE resolutions on a
10331 **         key, it is rebased according to a REPLACE.
10332 **
10333 **    <li> If there have been no REPLACE resolutions on a key, then
10334 **         the local changeset is rebased according to the most recent
10335 **         of the OMIT resolutions.
10336 ** </ul>
10337 **
10338 ** Note that conflict resolutions from multiple remote changesets are
10339 ** combined on a per-field basis, not per-row. This means that in the
10340 ** case of multiple remote UPDATE operations, some fields of a single
10341 ** local change may be rebased for REPLACE while others are rebased for
10342 ** OMIT.
10343 **
10344 ** In order to rebase a local changeset, the remote changeset must first
10345 ** be applied to the local database using sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and
10346 ** the buffer of rebase information captured. Then:
10347 **
10348 ** <ol>
10349 **   <li> An sqlite3_rebaser object is created by calling
10350 **        sqlite3rebaser_create().
10351 **   <li> The new object is configured with the rebase buffer obtained from
10352 **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() by calling sqlite3rebaser_configure().
10353 **        If the local changeset is to be rebased against multiple remote
10354 **        changesets, then sqlite3rebaser_configure() should be called
10355 **        multiple times, in the same order that the multiple
10356 **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() calls were made.
10357 **   <li> Each local changeset is rebased by calling sqlite3rebaser_rebase().
10358 **   <li> The sqlite3_rebaser object is deleted by calling
10359 **        sqlite3rebaser_delete().
10360 ** </ol>
10361 */
10362 typedef struct sqlite3_rebaser sqlite3_rebaser;
10363 
10364 /*
10365 ** CAPI3REF: Create a changeset rebaser object.
10366 ** EXPERIMENTAL
10367 **
10368 ** Allocate a new changeset rebaser object. If successful, set (*ppNew) to
10369 ** point to the new object and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if an error
10370 ** occurs, return an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) and set (*ppNew)
10371 ** to NULL.
10372 */
10373 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew);
10374 
10375 /*
10376 ** CAPI3REF: Configure a changeset rebaser object.
10377 ** EXPERIMENTAL
10378 **
10379 ** Configure the changeset rebaser object to rebase changesets according
10380 ** to the conflict resolutions described by buffer pRebase (size nRebase
10381 ** bytes), which must have been obtained from a previous call to
10382 ** sqlite3changeset_apply_v2().
10383 */
10384 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
10385   sqlite3_rebaser*,
10386   int nRebase, const void *pRebase
10387 );
10388 
10389 /*
10390 ** CAPI3REF: Rebase a changeset
10391 ** EXPERIMENTAL
10392 **
10393 ** Argument pIn must point to a buffer containing a changeset nIn bytes
10394 ** in size. This function allocates and populates a buffer with a copy
10395 ** of the changeset rebased rebased according to the configuration of the
10396 ** rebaser object passed as the first argument. If successful, (*ppOut)
10397 ** is set to point to the new buffer containing the rebased changset and
10398 ** (*pnOut) to its size in bytes and SQLITE_OK returned. It is the
10399 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the new buffer using
10400 ** sqlite3_free(). Otherwise, if an error occurs, (*ppOut) and (*pnOut)
10401 ** are set to zero and an SQLite error code returned.
10402 */
10403 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
10404   sqlite3_rebaser*,
10405   int nIn, const void *pIn,
10406   int *pnOut, void **ppOut
10407 );
10408 
10409 /*
10410 ** CAPI3REF: Delete a changeset rebaser object.
10411 ** EXPERIMENTAL
10412 **
10413 ** Delete the changeset rebaser object and all associated resources. There
10414 ** should be one call to this function for each successful invocation
10415 ** of sqlite3rebaser_create().
10416 */
10417 SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
10418 
10419 /*
10420 ** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
10421 **
10422 ** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the
10423 ** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
10424 **
10425 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
10426 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
10427 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply]
10428 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm_v2<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply_v2]
10429 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat]
10430 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert]
10431 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start]
10432 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset]
10433 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset]
10434 ** </table>
10435 **
10436 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
10437 ** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory.
10438 ** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning
10439 ** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc().
10440 ** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a
10441 ** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
10442 ** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
10443 **
10444 ** In order to avoid this problem, instead of a single large buffer, input
10445 ** is passed to a streaming API functions by way of a callback function that
10446 ** the sessions module invokes to incrementally request input data as it is
10447 ** required. In all cases, a pair of API function parameters such as
10448 **
10449 **  <pre>
10450 **  &nbsp;     int nChangeset,
10451 **  &nbsp;     void *pChangeset,
10452 **  </pre>
10453 **
10454 ** Is replaced by:
10455 **
10456 **  <pre>
10457 **  &nbsp;     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10458 **  &nbsp;     void *pIn,
10459 **  </pre>
10460 **
10461 ** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
10462 ** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second
10463 ** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no
10464 ** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data
10465 ** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied
10466 ** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData)
10467 ** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite
10468 ** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
10469 ** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
10470 ** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
10471 **
10472 ** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
10473 ** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
10474 ** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
10475 ** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions
10476 ** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
10477 **
10478 ** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
10479 ** return them in chunks by way of a callback function instead of via a
10480 ** pointer to a single large buffer. In this case, a pair of parameters such
10481 ** as:
10482 **
10483 **  <pre>
10484 **  &nbsp;     int *pnChangeset,
10485 **  &nbsp;     void **ppChangeset,
10486 **  </pre>
10487 **
10488 ** Is replaced by:
10489 **
10490 **  <pre>
10491 **  &nbsp;     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10492 **  &nbsp;     void *pOut
10493 **  </pre>
10494 **
10495 ** The xOutput callback is invoked zero or more times to return data to
10496 ** the application. The first parameter passed to each call is a copy of the
10497 ** pOut pointer supplied by the application. The second parameter, pData,
10498 ** points to a buffer nData bytes in size containing the chunk of output
10499 ** data being returned. If the xOutput callback successfully processes the
10500 ** supplied data, it should return SQLITE_OK to indicate success. Otherwise,
10501 ** it should return some other SQLite error code. In this case processing
10502 ** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
10503 ** of the xOutput error code to the application.
10504 **
10505 ** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third
10506 ** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
10507 ** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
10508 */
10509 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_strm(
10510   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
10511   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
10512   void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
10513   int(*xFilter)(
10514     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
10515     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
10516   ),
10517   int(*xConflict)(
10518     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
10519     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
10520     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
10521   ),
10522   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
10523 );
10524 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm(
10525   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
10526   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
10527   void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
10528   int(*xFilter)(
10529     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
10530     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
10531   ),
10532   int(*xConflict)(
10533     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
10534     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
10535     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
10536   ),
10537   void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
10538   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase,
10539   int flags
10540 );
10541 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat_strm(
10542   int (*xInputA)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10543   void *pInA,
10544   int (*xInputB)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10545   void *pInB,
10546   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10547   void *pOut
10548 );
10549 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert_strm(
10550   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10551   void *pIn,
10552   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10553   void *pOut
10554 );
10555 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
10556   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
10557   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10558   void *pIn
10559 );
10560 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
10561   sqlite3_session *pSession,
10562   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10563   void *pOut
10564 );
10565 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
10566   sqlite3_session *pSession,
10567   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10568   void *pOut
10569 );
10570 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
10571     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10572     void *pIn
10573 );
10574 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
10575     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10576     void *pOut
10577 );
10578 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
10579   sqlite3_rebaser *pRebaser,
10580   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
10581   void *pIn,
10582   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
10583   void *pOut
10584 );
10585 
10586 
10587 /*
10588 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
10589 */
10590 #ifdef __cplusplus
10591 }
10592 #endif
10593 
10594 #endif  /* !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) */
10595 
10596 /******** End of sqlite3session.h *********/
10597 /******** Begin file fts5.h *********/
10598 /*
10599 ** 2014 May 31
10600 **
10601 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
10602 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
10603 **
10604 **    May you do good and not evil.
10605 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
10606 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10607 **
10608 ******************************************************************************
10609 **
10610 ** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
10611 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
10612 **
10613 **     * custom tokenizers, and
10614 **     * custom auxiliary functions.
10615 */
10616 
10617 
10618 #ifndef _FTS5_H
10619 #define _FTS5_H
10620 
10621 
10622 #ifdef __cplusplus
10623 extern "C" {
10624 #endif
10625 
10626 /*************************************************************************
10627 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
10628 **
10629 ** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
10630 ** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
10631 */
10632 
10633 typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
10634 typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
10635 typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
10636 
10637 typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
10638   const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
10639   Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
10640   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
10641   int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
10642   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
10643 );
10644 
10645 struct Fts5PhraseIter {
10646   const unsigned char *a;
10647   const unsigned char *b;
10648 };
10649 
10650 /*
10651 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
10652 **
10653 ** xUserData(pFts):
10654 **   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
10655 **   registered with.
10656 **
10657 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
10658 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
10659 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
10660 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
10661 **   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
10662 **   the FTS5 table.
10663 **
10664 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
10665 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
10666 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
10667 **   returned.
10668 **
10669 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
10670 **   Return the number of columns in the table.
10671 **
10672 ** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
10673 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
10674 **   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
10675 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
10676 **   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
10677 **
10678 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
10679 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
10680 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
10681 **   returned.
10682 **
10683 **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
10684 **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
10685 **
10686 ** xColumnText:
10687 **   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
10688 **   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
10689 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
10690 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
10691 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
10692 **   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
10693 **
10694 ** xPhraseCount:
10695 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
10696 **
10697 ** xPhraseSize:
10698 **   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
10699 **   are numbered starting from zero.
10700 **
10701 ** xInstCount:
10702 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
10703 **   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
10704 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
10705 **
10706 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10707 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
10708 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
10709 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
10710 **
10711 ** xInst:
10712 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
10713 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
10714 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
10715 **   output by xInstCount().
10716 **
10717 **   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
10718 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
10719 **   first token of the phrase. The exception is if the table was created
10720 **   with the offsets=0 option specified. In this case *piOff is always
10721 **   set to -1.
10722 **
10723 **   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM)
10724 **   if an error occurs.
10725 **
10726 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10727 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
10728 **
10729 ** xRowid:
10730 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
10731 **
10732 ** xTokenize:
10733 **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
10734 **
10735 ** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
10736 **   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
10737 **   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
10738 **
10739 **       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
10740 **
10741 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
10742 **   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
10743 **   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each
10744 **   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument
10745 **   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback
10746 **   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
10747 **   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
10748 **   the third argument to pUserData.
10749 **
10750 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
10751 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
10752 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
10753 **   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
10754 **
10755 **   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
10756 **   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
10757 **   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
10758 **
10759 **
10760 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
10761 **
10762 **   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions
10763 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
10764 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
10765 **   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
10766 **
10767 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
10768 **   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
10769 **   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
10770 **   single auxiliary data context.
10771 **
10772 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
10773 **   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
10774 **   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
10775 **   point.
10776 **
10777 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
10778 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
10779 **
10780 **   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an
10781 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
10782 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
10783 **   pointer before returning.
10784 **
10785 **
10786 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
10787 **
10788 **   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
10789 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
10790 **
10791 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
10792 **   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
10793 **   if any, is not invoked.
10794 **
10795 **
10796 ** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
10797 **
10798 **   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
10799 **   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
10800 **
10801 **        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
10802 **
10803 ** xPhraseFirst()
10804 **   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
10805 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
10806 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
10807 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
10808 **   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
10809 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
10810 **
10811 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
10812 **       int iCol, iOff;
10813 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
10814 **           iCol>=0;
10815 **           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
10816 **       ){
10817 **         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
10818 **       }
10819 **
10820 **   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
10821 **   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
10822 **   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by
10823 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
10824 **
10825 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10826 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
10827 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
10828 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
10829 **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
10830 **
10831 ** xPhraseNext()
10832 **   See xPhraseFirst above.
10833 **
10834 ** xPhraseFirstColumn()
10835 **   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()
10836 **   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead
10837 **   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these
10838 **   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row
10839 **   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:
10840 **
10841 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
10842 **       int iCol;
10843 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);
10844 **           iCol>=0;
10845 **           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)
10846 **       ){
10847 **         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase
10848 **       }
10849 **
10850 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10851 **   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
10852 **   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
10853 **   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
10854 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
10855 **
10856 **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
10857 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
10858 **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
10859 **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
10860 **   "detail=column" tables.
10861 **
10862 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
10863 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
10864 */
10865 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
10866   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
10867 
10868   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
10869 
10870   int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
10871   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
10872   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
10873 
10874   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
10875     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
10876     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
10877     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
10878   );
10879 
10880   int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
10881   int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
10882 
10883   int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
10884   int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
10885 
10886   sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
10887   int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
10888   int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
10889 
10890   int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
10891     int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
10892   );
10893   int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
10894   void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
10895 
10896   int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
10897   void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
10898 
10899   int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
10900   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
10901 };
10902 
10903 /*
10904 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
10905 *************************************************************************/
10906 
10907 /*************************************************************************
10908 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
10909 **
10910 ** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
10911 ** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
10912 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
10913 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
10914 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
10915 **
10916 ** xCreate:
10917 **   This function is used to allocate and initialize a tokenizer instance.
10918 **   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
10919 **
10920 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
10921 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
10922 **   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
10923 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
10924 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
10925 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
10926 **   to create the FTS5 table.
10927 **
10928 **   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
10929 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
10930 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
10931 **   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
10932 **   is undefined.
10933 **
10934 ** xDelete:
10935 **   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
10936 **   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
10937 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
10938 **
10939 ** xTokenize:
10940 **   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
10941 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
10942 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
10943 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
10944 **
10945 **   The second argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
10946 **   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
10947 **   four values:
10948 **
10949 **   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
10950 **            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
10951 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
10952 **            FTS index.
10953 **
10954 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
10955 **            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
10956 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
10957 **
10958 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
10959 **            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
10960 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
10961 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
10962 **
10963 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
10964 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
10965 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
10966 **            on a columnsize=0 database.
10967 **   </ul>
10968 **
10969 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
10970 **   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
10971 **   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
10972 **   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
10973 **   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
10974 **   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
10975 **   which the token is derived within the input.
10976 **
10977 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
10978 **   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
10979 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
10980 **
10981 **   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
10982 **   order that they occur within the input text.
10983 **
10984 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
10985 **   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
10986 **   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
10987 **   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
10988 **   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
10989 **   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
10990 **   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
10991 **
10992 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
10993 **
10994 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
10995 **   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
10996 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
10997 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
10998 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
10999 **   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
11000 **   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
11001 **
11002 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
11003 **
11004 **   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the
11005 **            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
11006 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
11007 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
11008 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
11009 **            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
11010 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
11011 **            as expected.
11012 **
11013 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
11014 **            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may
11015 **            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.
11016 **            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For
11017 **            example, faced with the query:
11018 **
11019 **   <codeblock>
11020 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
11021 **
11022 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
11023 **            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
11024 **            similar to:
11025 **
11026 **   <codeblock>
11027 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
11028 **
11029 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
11030 **            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
11031 **            being treated as a single phrase.
11032 **
11033 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
11034 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
11035 **            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
11036 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
11037 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
11038 **            "place".
11039 **
11040 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
11041 **            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be
11042 **            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
11043 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entires in the
11044 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
11045 **   </ol>
11046 **
11047 **   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
11048 **   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
11049 **   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
11050 **   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
11051 **   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
11052 **
11053 **   <codeblock>
11054 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
11055 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
11056 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
11057 **       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
11058 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
11059 **</codeblock>
11060 **
11061 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
11062 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
11063 **   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
11064 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
11065 **   single token.
11066 **
11067 **   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
11068 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
11069 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
11070 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
11071 **   token "first" is subsituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
11072 **
11073 **   <codeblock>
11074 **     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
11075 **
11076 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
11077 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
11078 **
11079 **   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
11080 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
11081 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
11082 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
11083 **   within the database.
11084 **
11085 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
11086 **   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
11087 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
11088 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
11089 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
11090 **   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
11091 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
11092 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
11093 **
11094 **   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
11095 **   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (2)) or query
11096 **   text (method (3)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
11097 **   inefficient.
11098 */
11099 typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
11100 typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
11101 struct fts5_tokenizer {
11102   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
11103   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
11104   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
11105       void *pCtx,
11106       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
11107       const char *pText, int nText,
11108       int (*xToken)(
11109         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
11110         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
11111         const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
11112         int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
11113         int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
11114         int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
11115       )
11116   );
11117 };
11118 
11119 /* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
11120 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
11121 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
11122 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
11123 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
11124 
11125 /* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
11126 ** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
11127 #define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
11128 
11129 /*
11130 ** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
11131 *************************************************************************/
11132 
11133 /*************************************************************************
11134 ** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
11135 */
11136 typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
11137 struct fts5_api {
11138   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
11139 
11140   /* Create a new tokenizer */
11141   int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
11142     fts5_api *pApi,
11143     const char *zName,
11144     void *pContext,
11145     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
11146     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
11147   );
11148 
11149   /* Find an existing tokenizer */
11150   int (*xFindTokenizer)(
11151     fts5_api *pApi,
11152     const char *zName,
11153     void **ppContext,
11154     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
11155   );
11156 
11157   /* Create a new auxiliary function */
11158   int (*xCreateFunction)(
11159     fts5_api *pApi,
11160     const char *zName,
11161     void *pContext,
11162     fts5_extension_function xFunction,
11163     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
11164   );
11165 };
11166 
11167 /*
11168 ** END OF REGISTRATION API
11169 *************************************************************************/
11170 
11171 #ifdef __cplusplus
11172 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
11173 #endif
11174 
11175 #endif /* _FTS5_H */
11176 
11177 /******** End of fts5.h *********/
11178