1 /**************************************************************** 2 Copyright (C) Lucent Technologies 1997 3 All Rights Reserved 4 5 Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and 6 its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby 7 granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all 8 copies and that both that the copyright notice and this 9 permission notice and warranty disclaimer appear in supporting 10 documentation, and that the name Lucent Technologies or any of 11 its entities not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining 12 to distribution of the software without specific, written prior 13 permission. 14 15 LUCENT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, 16 INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. 17 IN NO EVENT SHALL LUCENT OR ANY OF ITS ENTITIES BE LIABLE FOR ANY 18 SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 19 WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER 20 IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, 21 ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF 22 THIS SOFTWARE. 23 ****************************************************************/ 24 25 #define DEBUG 26 #include <stdio.h> 27 #include <math.h> 28 #include <ctype.h> 29 #include <string.h> 30 #include <stdlib.h> 31 #include "awk.h" 32 33 #define FULLTAB 2 /* rehash when table gets this x full */ 34 #define GROWTAB 4 /* grow table by this factor */ 35 36 Array *symtab; /* main symbol table */ 37 38 char **FS; /* initial field sep */ 39 char **RS; /* initial record sep */ 40 char **OFS; /* output field sep */ 41 char **ORS; /* output record sep */ 42 char **OFMT; /* output format for numbers */ 43 char **CONVFMT; /* format for conversions in getsval */ 44 Awkfloat *NF; /* number of fields in current record */ 45 Awkfloat *NR; /* number of current record */ 46 Awkfloat *FNR; /* number of current record in current file */ 47 char **FILENAME; /* current filename argument */ 48 Awkfloat *ARGC; /* number of arguments from command line */ 49 char **SUBSEP; /* subscript separator for a[i,j,k]; default \034 */ 50 Awkfloat *RSTART; /* start of re matched with ~; origin 1 (!) */ 51 Awkfloat *RLENGTH; /* length of same */ 52 53 Cell *fsloc; /* FS */ 54 Cell *nrloc; /* NR */ 55 Cell *nfloc; /* NF */ 56 Cell *fnrloc; /* FNR */ 57 Cell *ofsloc; /* OFS */ 58 Cell *orsloc; /* ORS */ 59 Cell *rsloc; /* RS */ 60 Array *ARGVtab; /* symbol table containing ARGV[...] */ 61 Array *ENVtab; /* symbol table containing ENVIRON[...] */ 62 Cell *rstartloc; /* RSTART */ 63 Cell *rlengthloc; /* RLENGTH */ 64 Cell *subseploc; /* SUBSEP */ 65 Cell *symtabloc; /* SYMTAB */ 66 67 Cell *nullloc; /* a guaranteed empty cell */ 68 Node *nullnode; /* zero&null, converted into a node for comparisons */ 69 Cell *literal0; 70 71 extern Cell **fldtab; 72 73 void syminit(void) /* initialize symbol table with builtin vars */ 74 { 75 literal0 = setsymtab("0", "0", 0.0, NUM|STR|CON|DONTFREE, symtab); 76 /* this is used for if(x)... tests: */ 77 nullloc = setsymtab("$zero&null", "", 0.0, NUM|STR|CON|DONTFREE, symtab); 78 nullnode = celltonode(nullloc, CCON); 79 80 fsloc = setsymtab("FS", " ", 0.0, STR|DONTFREE, symtab); 81 FS = &fsloc->sval; 82 rsloc = setsymtab("RS", "\n", 0.0, STR|DONTFREE, symtab); 83 RS = &rsloc->sval; 84 ofsloc = setsymtab("OFS", " ", 0.0, STR|DONTFREE, symtab); 85 OFS = &ofsloc->sval; 86 orsloc = setsymtab("ORS", "\n", 0.0, STR|DONTFREE, symtab); 87 ORS = &orsloc->sval; 88 OFMT = &setsymtab("OFMT", "%.6g", 0.0, STR|DONTFREE, symtab)->sval; 89 CONVFMT = &setsymtab("CONVFMT", "%.6g", 0.0, STR|DONTFREE, symtab)->sval; 90 FILENAME = &setsymtab("FILENAME", "", 0.0, STR|DONTFREE, symtab)->sval; 91 nfloc = setsymtab("NF", "", 0.0, NUM, symtab); 92 NF = &nfloc->fval; 93 nrloc = setsymtab("NR", "", 0.0, NUM, symtab); 94 NR = &nrloc->fval; 95 fnrloc = setsymtab("FNR", "", 0.0, NUM, symtab); 96 FNR = &fnrloc->fval; 97 subseploc = setsymtab("SUBSEP", "\034", 0.0, STR|DONTFREE, symtab); 98 SUBSEP = &subseploc->sval; 99 rstartloc = setsymtab("RSTART", "", 0.0, NUM, symtab); 100 RSTART = &rstartloc->fval; 101 rlengthloc = setsymtab("RLENGTH", "", 0.0, NUM, symtab); 102 RLENGTH = &rlengthloc->fval; 103 symtabloc = setsymtab("SYMTAB", "", 0.0, ARR, symtab); 104 free(symtabloc->sval); 105 symtabloc->sval = (char *) symtab; 106 } 107 108 void arginit(int ac, char **av) /* set up ARGV and ARGC */ 109 { 110 Cell *cp; 111 int i; 112 char temp[50]; 113 114 ARGC = &setsymtab("ARGC", "", (Awkfloat) ac, NUM, symtab)->fval; 115 cp = setsymtab("ARGV", "", 0.0, ARR, symtab); 116 ARGVtab = makesymtab(NSYMTAB); /* could be (int) ARGC as well */ 117 free(cp->sval); 118 cp->sval = (char *) ARGVtab; 119 for (i = 0; i < ac; i++) { 120 double result; 121 122 sprintf(temp, "%d", i); 123 if (is_number(*av, & result)) 124 setsymtab(temp, *av, result, STR|NUM, ARGVtab); 125 else 126 setsymtab(temp, *av, 0.0, STR, ARGVtab); 127 av++; 128 } 129 } 130 131 void envinit(char **envp) /* set up ENVIRON variable */ 132 { 133 Cell *cp; 134 char *p; 135 136 cp = setsymtab("ENVIRON", "", 0.0, ARR, symtab); 137 ENVtab = makesymtab(NSYMTAB); 138 free(cp->sval); 139 cp->sval = (char *) ENVtab; 140 for ( ; *envp; envp++) { 141 double result; 142 143 if ((p = strchr(*envp, '=')) == NULL) 144 continue; 145 if( p == *envp ) /* no left hand side name in env string */ 146 continue; 147 *p++ = 0; /* split into two strings at = */ 148 if (is_number(p, & result)) 149 setsymtab(*envp, p, result, STR|NUM, ENVtab); 150 else 151 setsymtab(*envp, p, 0.0, STR, ENVtab); 152 p[-1] = '='; /* restore in case env is passed down to a shell */ 153 } 154 } 155 156 Array *makesymtab(int n) /* make a new symbol table */ 157 { 158 Array *ap; 159 Cell **tp; 160 161 ap = (Array *) malloc(sizeof(*ap)); 162 tp = (Cell **) calloc(n, sizeof(*tp)); 163 if (ap == NULL || tp == NULL) 164 FATAL("out of space in makesymtab"); 165 ap->nelem = 0; 166 ap->size = n; 167 ap->tab = tp; 168 return(ap); 169 } 170 171 void freesymtab(Cell *ap) /* free a symbol table */ 172 { 173 Cell *cp, *temp; 174 Array *tp; 175 int i; 176 177 if (!isarr(ap)) 178 return; 179 tp = (Array *) ap->sval; 180 if (tp == NULL) 181 return; 182 for (i = 0; i < tp->size; i++) { 183 for (cp = tp->tab[i]; cp != NULL; cp = temp) { 184 xfree(cp->nval); 185 if (freeable(cp)) 186 xfree(cp->sval); 187 temp = cp->cnext; /* avoids freeing then using */ 188 free(cp); 189 tp->nelem--; 190 } 191 tp->tab[i] = NULL; 192 } 193 if (tp->nelem != 0) 194 WARNING("can't happen: inconsistent element count freeing %s", ap->nval); 195 free(tp->tab); 196 free(tp); 197 } 198 199 void freeelem(Cell *ap, const char *s) /* free elem s from ap (i.e., ap["s"] */ 200 { 201 Array *tp; 202 Cell *p, *prev = NULL; 203 int h; 204 205 tp = (Array *) ap->sval; 206 h = hash(s, tp->size); 207 for (p = tp->tab[h]; p != NULL; prev = p, p = p->cnext) 208 if (strcmp(s, p->nval) == 0) { 209 if (prev == NULL) /* 1st one */ 210 tp->tab[h] = p->cnext; 211 else /* middle somewhere */ 212 prev->cnext = p->cnext; 213 if (freeable(p)) 214 xfree(p->sval); 215 free(p->nval); 216 free(p); 217 tp->nelem--; 218 return; 219 } 220 } 221 222 Cell *setsymtab(const char *n, const char *s, Awkfloat f, unsigned t, Array *tp) 223 { 224 int h; 225 Cell *p; 226 227 if (n != NULL && (p = lookup(n, tp)) != NULL) { 228 DPRINTF("setsymtab found %p: n=%s s=\"%s\" f=%g t=%o\n", 229 (void*)p, NN(p->nval), NN(p->sval), p->fval, p->tval); 230 return(p); 231 } 232 p = (Cell *) malloc(sizeof(*p)); 233 if (p == NULL) 234 FATAL("out of space for symbol table at %s", n); 235 p->nval = tostring(n); 236 p->sval = s ? tostring(s) : tostring(""); 237 p->fval = f; 238 p->tval = t; 239 p->csub = CUNK; 240 p->ctype = OCELL; 241 tp->nelem++; 242 if (tp->nelem > FULLTAB * tp->size) 243 rehash(tp); 244 h = hash(n, tp->size); 245 p->cnext = tp->tab[h]; 246 tp->tab[h] = p; 247 DPRINTF("setsymtab set %p: n=%s s=\"%s\" f=%g t=%o\n", 248 (void*)p, p->nval, p->sval, p->fval, p->tval); 249 return(p); 250 } 251 252 int hash(const char *s, int n) /* form hash value for string s */ 253 { 254 unsigned hashval; 255 256 for (hashval = 0; *s != '\0'; s++) 257 hashval = (*s + 31 * hashval); 258 return hashval % n; 259 } 260 261 void rehash(Array *tp) /* rehash items in small table into big one */ 262 { 263 int i, nh, nsz; 264 Cell *cp, *op, **np; 265 266 nsz = GROWTAB * tp->size; 267 np = (Cell **) calloc(nsz, sizeof(*np)); 268 if (np == NULL) /* can't do it, but can keep running. */ 269 return; /* someone else will run out later. */ 270 for (i = 0; i < tp->size; i++) { 271 for (cp = tp->tab[i]; cp; cp = op) { 272 op = cp->cnext; 273 nh = hash(cp->nval, nsz); 274 cp->cnext = np[nh]; 275 np[nh] = cp; 276 } 277 } 278 free(tp->tab); 279 tp->tab = np; 280 tp->size = nsz; 281 } 282 283 Cell *lookup(const char *s, Array *tp) /* look for s in tp */ 284 { 285 Cell *p; 286 int h; 287 288 h = hash(s, tp->size); 289 for (p = tp->tab[h]; p != NULL; p = p->cnext) 290 if (strcmp(s, p->nval) == 0) 291 return(p); /* found it */ 292 return(NULL); /* not found */ 293 } 294 295 Awkfloat setfval(Cell *vp, Awkfloat f) /* set float val of a Cell */ 296 { 297 int fldno; 298 299 f += 0.0; /* normalise negative zero to positive zero */ 300 if ((vp->tval & (NUM | STR)) == 0) 301 funnyvar(vp, "assign to"); 302 if (isfld(vp)) { 303 donerec = false; /* mark $0 invalid */ 304 fldno = atoi(vp->nval); 305 if (fldno > *NF) 306 newfld(fldno); 307 DPRINTF("setting field %d to %g\n", fldno, f); 308 } else if (&vp->fval == NF) { 309 donerec = false; /* mark $0 invalid */ 310 setlastfld(f); 311 DPRINTF("setfval: setting NF to %g\n", f); 312 } else if (isrec(vp)) { 313 donefld = false; /* mark $1... invalid */ 314 donerec = true; 315 savefs(); 316 } else if (vp == ofsloc) { 317 if (!donerec) 318 recbld(); 319 } 320 if (freeable(vp)) 321 xfree(vp->sval); /* free any previous string */ 322 vp->tval &= ~(STR|CONVC|CONVO); /* mark string invalid */ 323 vp->fmt = NULL; 324 vp->tval |= NUM; /* mark number ok */ 325 if (f == -0) /* who would have thought this possible? */ 326 f = 0; 327 DPRINTF("setfval %p: %s = %g, t=%o\n", (void*)vp, NN(vp->nval), f, vp->tval); 328 return vp->fval = f; 329 } 330 331 void funnyvar(Cell *vp, const char *rw) 332 { 333 if (isarr(vp)) 334 FATAL("can't %s %s; it's an array name.", rw, vp->nval); 335 if (vp->tval & FCN) 336 FATAL("can't %s %s; it's a function.", rw, vp->nval); 337 WARNING("funny variable %p: n=%s s=\"%s\" f=%g t=%o", 338 (void *)vp, vp->nval, vp->sval, vp->fval, vp->tval); 339 } 340 341 char *setsval(Cell *vp, const char *s) /* set string val of a Cell */ 342 { 343 char *t; 344 int fldno; 345 Awkfloat f; 346 347 DPRINTF("starting setsval %p: %s = \"%s\", t=%o, r,f=%d,%d\n", 348 (void*)vp, NN(vp->nval), s, vp->tval, donerec, donefld); 349 if ((vp->tval & (NUM | STR)) == 0) 350 funnyvar(vp, "assign to"); 351 if (CSV && (vp == rsloc)) 352 WARNING("danger: don't set RS when --csv is in effect"); 353 if (CSV && (vp == fsloc)) 354 WARNING("danger: don't set FS when --csv is in effect"); 355 if (isfld(vp)) { 356 donerec = false; /* mark $0 invalid */ 357 fldno = atoi(vp->nval); 358 if (fldno > *NF) 359 newfld(fldno); 360 DPRINTF("setting field %d to %s (%p)\n", fldno, s, (const void*)s); 361 } else if (isrec(vp)) { 362 donefld = false; /* mark $1... invalid */ 363 donerec = true; 364 savefs(); 365 } else if (vp == ofsloc) { 366 if (!donerec) 367 recbld(); 368 } 369 t = s ? tostring(s) : tostring(""); /* in case it's self-assign */ 370 if (freeable(vp)) 371 xfree(vp->sval); 372 vp->tval &= ~(NUM|DONTFREE|CONVC|CONVO); 373 vp->tval |= STR; 374 vp->fmt = NULL; 375 DPRINTF("setsval %p: %s = \"%s (%p) \", t=%o r,f=%d,%d\n", 376 (void*)vp, NN(vp->nval), t, (void*)t, vp->tval, donerec, donefld); 377 vp->sval = t; 378 if (&vp->fval == NF) { 379 donerec = false; /* mark $0 invalid */ 380 f = getfval(vp); 381 setlastfld(f); 382 DPRINTF("setsval: setting NF to %g\n", f); 383 } 384 385 return(vp->sval); 386 } 387 388 Awkfloat getfval(Cell *vp) /* get float val of a Cell */ 389 { 390 if ((vp->tval & (NUM | STR)) == 0) 391 funnyvar(vp, "read value of"); 392 if (isfld(vp) && !donefld) 393 fldbld(); 394 else if (isrec(vp) && !donerec) 395 recbld(); 396 if (!isnum(vp)) { /* not a number */ 397 double fval; 398 bool no_trailing; 399 400 if (is_valid_number(vp->sval, true, & no_trailing, & fval)) { 401 vp->fval = fval; 402 if (no_trailing && !(vp->tval&CON)) 403 vp->tval |= NUM; /* make NUM only sparingly */ 404 } else 405 vp->fval = 0.0; 406 } 407 DPRINTF("getfval %p: %s = %g, t=%o\n", 408 (void*)vp, NN(vp->nval), vp->fval, vp->tval); 409 return(vp->fval); 410 } 411 412 static const char *get_inf_nan(double d) 413 { 414 if (isinf(d)) { 415 return (d < 0 ? "-inf" : "+inf"); 416 } else if (isnan(d)) { 417 return (signbit(d) != 0 ? "-nan" : "+nan"); 418 } else 419 return NULL; 420 } 421 422 static char *get_str_val(Cell *vp, char **fmt) /* get string val of a Cell */ 423 { 424 char s[256]; 425 double dtemp; 426 const char *p; 427 428 if ((vp->tval & (NUM | STR)) == 0) 429 funnyvar(vp, "read value of"); 430 if (isfld(vp) && ! donefld) 431 fldbld(); 432 else if (isrec(vp) && ! donerec) 433 recbld(); 434 435 /* 436 * ADR: This is complicated and more fragile than is desirable. 437 * Retrieving a string value for a number associates the string 438 * value with the scalar. Previously, the string value was 439 * sticky, meaning if converted via OFMT that became the value 440 * (even though POSIX wants it to be via CONVFMT). Or if CONVFMT 441 * changed after a string value was retrieved, the original value 442 * was maintained and used. Also not per POSIX. 443 * 444 * We work around this design by adding two additional flags, 445 * CONVC and CONVO, indicating how the string value was 446 * obtained (via CONVFMT or OFMT) and _also_ maintaining a copy 447 * of the pointer to the xFMT format string used for the 448 * conversion. This pointer is only read, **never** dereferenced. 449 * The next time we do a conversion, if it's coming from the same 450 * xFMT as last time, and the pointer value is different, we 451 * know that the xFMT format string changed, and we need to 452 * redo the conversion. If it's the same, we don't have to. 453 * 454 * There are also several cases where we don't do a conversion, 455 * such as for a field (see the checks below). 456 */ 457 458 /* Don't duplicate the code for actually updating the value */ 459 #define update_str_val(vp) \ 460 { \ 461 if (freeable(vp)) \ 462 xfree(vp->sval); \ 463 if ((p = get_inf_nan(vp->fval)) != NULL) \ 464 strcpy(s, p); \ 465 else if (modf(vp->fval, &dtemp) == 0) /* it's integral */ \ 466 snprintf(s, sizeof (s), "%.30g", vp->fval); \ 467 else \ 468 snprintf(s, sizeof (s), *fmt, vp->fval); \ 469 vp->sval = tostring(s); \ 470 vp->tval &= ~DONTFREE; \ 471 vp->tval |= STR; \ 472 } 473 474 if (isstr(vp) == 0) { 475 update_str_val(vp); 476 if (fmt == OFMT) { 477 vp->tval &= ~CONVC; 478 vp->tval |= CONVO; 479 } else { 480 /* CONVFMT */ 481 vp->tval &= ~CONVO; 482 vp->tval |= CONVC; 483 } 484 vp->fmt = *fmt; 485 } else if ((vp->tval & DONTFREE) != 0 || ! isnum(vp) || isfld(vp)) { 486 goto done; 487 } else if (isstr(vp)) { 488 if (fmt == OFMT) { 489 if ((vp->tval & CONVC) != 0 490 || ((vp->tval & CONVO) != 0 && vp->fmt != *fmt)) { 491 update_str_val(vp); 492 vp->tval &= ~CONVC; 493 vp->tval |= CONVO; 494 vp->fmt = *fmt; 495 } 496 } else { 497 /* CONVFMT */ 498 if ((vp->tval & CONVO) != 0 499 || ((vp->tval & CONVC) != 0 && vp->fmt != *fmt)) { 500 update_str_val(vp); 501 vp->tval &= ~CONVO; 502 vp->tval |= CONVC; 503 vp->fmt = *fmt; 504 } 505 } 506 } 507 done: 508 DPRINTF("getsval %p: %s = \"%s (%p)\", t=%o\n", 509 (void*)vp, NN(vp->nval), vp->sval, (void*)vp->sval, vp->tval); 510 return(vp->sval); 511 } 512 513 char *getsval(Cell *vp) /* get string val of a Cell */ 514 { 515 return get_str_val(vp, CONVFMT); 516 } 517 518 char *getpssval(Cell *vp) /* get string val of a Cell for print */ 519 { 520 return get_str_val(vp, OFMT); 521 } 522 523 524 char *tostring(const char *s) /* make a copy of string s */ 525 { 526 char *p = strdup(s); 527 if (p == NULL) 528 FATAL("out of space in tostring on %s", s); 529 return(p); 530 } 531 532 char *tostringN(const char *s, size_t n) /* make a copy of string s */ 533 { 534 char *p; 535 536 p = (char *) malloc(n); 537 if (p == NULL) 538 FATAL("out of space in tostring on %s", s); 539 strcpy(p, s); 540 return(p); 541 } 542 543 Cell *catstr(Cell *a, Cell *b) /* concatenate a and b */ 544 { 545 Cell *c; 546 char *p; 547 char *sa = getsval(a); 548 char *sb = getsval(b); 549 size_t l = strlen(sa) + strlen(sb) + 1; 550 p = (char *) malloc(l); 551 if (p == NULL) 552 FATAL("out of space concatenating %s and %s", sa, sb); 553 snprintf(p, l, "%s%s", sa, sb); 554 555 l++; // add room for ' ' 556 char *newbuf = (char *) malloc(l); 557 if (newbuf == NULL) 558 FATAL("out of space concatenating %s and %s", sa, sb); 559 // See string() in lex.c; a string "xx" is stored in the symbol 560 // table as "xx ". 561 snprintf(newbuf, l, "%s ", p); 562 c = setsymtab(newbuf, p, 0.0, CON|STR|DONTFREE, symtab); 563 free(p); 564 free(newbuf); 565 return c; 566 } 567 568 char *qstring(const char *is, int delim) /* collect string up to next delim */ 569 { 570 int c, n; 571 const uschar *s = (const uschar *) is; 572 uschar *buf, *bp; 573 574 if ((buf = (uschar *) malloc(strlen(is)+3)) == NULL) 575 FATAL( "out of space in qstring(%s)", s); 576 for (bp = buf; (c = *s) != delim; s++) { 577 if (c == '\n') 578 SYNTAX( "newline in string %.20s...", is ); 579 else if (c != '\\') 580 *bp++ = c; 581 else { /* \something */ 582 c = *++s; 583 if (c == 0) { /* \ at end */ 584 *bp++ = '\\'; 585 break; /* for loop */ 586 } 587 switch (c) { 588 case '\\': *bp++ = '\\'; break; 589 case 'n': *bp++ = '\n'; break; 590 case 't': *bp++ = '\t'; break; 591 case 'b': *bp++ = '\b'; break; 592 case 'f': *bp++ = '\f'; break; 593 case 'r': *bp++ = '\r'; break; 594 case 'v': *bp++ = '\v'; break; 595 case 'a': *bp++ = '\a'; break; 596 default: 597 if (!isdigit(c)) { 598 *bp++ = c; 599 break; 600 } 601 n = c - '0'; 602 if (isdigit(s[1])) { 603 n = 8 * n + *++s - '0'; 604 if (isdigit(s[1])) 605 n = 8 * n + *++s - '0'; 606 } 607 *bp++ = n; 608 break; 609 } 610 } 611 } 612 *bp++ = 0; 613 return (char *) buf; 614 } 615 616 const char *flags2str(int flags) 617 { 618 static const struct ftab { 619 const char *name; 620 int value; 621 } flagtab[] = { 622 { "NUM", NUM }, 623 { "STR", STR }, 624 { "DONTFREE", DONTFREE }, 625 { "CON", CON }, 626 { "ARR", ARR }, 627 { "FCN", FCN }, 628 { "FLD", FLD }, 629 { "REC", REC }, 630 { "CONVC", CONVC }, 631 { "CONVO", CONVO }, 632 { NULL, 0 } 633 }; 634 static char buf[100]; 635 int i; 636 char *cp = buf; 637 638 for (i = 0; flagtab[i].name != NULL; i++) { 639 if ((flags & flagtab[i].value) != 0) { 640 if (cp > buf) 641 *cp++ = '|'; 642 strcpy(cp, flagtab[i].name); 643 cp += strlen(cp); 644 } 645 } 646 647 return buf; 648 } 649