xref: /freebsd/contrib/llvm-project/clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/SmartPtrModeling.cpp (revision 29fc4075e69fd27de0cded313ac6000165d99f8b) 
1 // SmartPtrModeling.cpp - Model behavior of C++ smart pointers - C++ ------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 //
9 // This file defines a checker that models various aspects of
10 // C++ smart pointer behavior.
11 //
12 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
13 
14 #include "Move.h"
15 #include "SmartPtr.h"
16 
17 #include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
18 #include "clang/AST/DeclarationName.h"
19 #include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
20 #include "clang/AST/Type.h"
21 #include "clang/Basic/LLVM.h"
22 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/BuiltinCheckerRegistration.h"
23 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugType.h"
24 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/Checker.h"
25 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h"
26 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CallDescription.h"
27 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CallEvent.h"
28 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CheckerContext.h"
29 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CheckerHelpers.h"
30 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/MemRegion.h"
31 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SVals.h"
32 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SymExpr.h"
33 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SymbolManager.h"
34 #include "llvm/ADT/StringMap.h"
35 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
36 #include <string>
37 
38 using namespace clang;
39 using namespace ento;
40 
41 namespace {
42 
43 class SmartPtrModeling
44     : public Checker<eval::Call, check::DeadSymbols, check::RegionChanges,
45                      check::LiveSymbols> {
46 
47   bool isBoolConversionMethod(const CallEvent &Call) const;
48 
49 public:
50   // Whether the checker should model for null dereferences of smart pointers.
51   DefaultBool ModelSmartPtrDereference;
52   bool evalCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
53   void checkPreCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
54   void checkDeadSymbols(SymbolReaper &SymReaper, CheckerContext &C) const;
55   ProgramStateRef
56   checkRegionChanges(ProgramStateRef State,
57                      const InvalidatedSymbols *Invalidated,
58                      ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> ExplicitRegions,
59                      ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> Regions,
60                      const LocationContext *LCtx, const CallEvent *Call) const;
61   void printState(raw_ostream &Out, ProgramStateRef State, const char *NL,
62                   const char *Sep) const override;
63   void checkLiveSymbols(ProgramStateRef State, SymbolReaper &SR) const;
64 
65 private:
66   void handleReset(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
67   void handleRelease(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
68   void handleSwapMethod(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
69   void handleGet(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
70   bool handleAssignOp(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
71   bool handleMoveCtr(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C,
72                      const MemRegion *ThisRegion) const;
73   bool updateMovedSmartPointers(CheckerContext &C, const MemRegion *ThisRegion,
74                                 const MemRegion *OtherSmartPtrRegion) const;
75   void handleBoolConversion(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
76   bool handleComparisionOp(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
77   bool handleOstreamOperator(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
78   bool handleSwap(ProgramStateRef State, SVal First, SVal Second,
79                   CheckerContext &C) const;
80   std::pair<SVal, ProgramStateRef>
81   retrieveOrConjureInnerPtrVal(ProgramStateRef State,
82                                const MemRegion *ThisRegion, const Expr *E,
83                                QualType Type, CheckerContext &C) const;
84 
85   using SmartPtrMethodHandlerFn =
86       void (SmartPtrModeling::*)(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &) const;
87   CallDescriptionMap<SmartPtrMethodHandlerFn> SmartPtrMethodHandlers{
88       {{"reset"}, &SmartPtrModeling::handleReset},
89       {{"release"}, &SmartPtrModeling::handleRelease},
90       {{"swap", 1}, &SmartPtrModeling::handleSwapMethod},
91       {{"get"}, &SmartPtrModeling::handleGet}};
92   const CallDescription StdSwapCall{{"std", "swap"}, 2};
93   const CallDescription StdMakeUniqueCall{{"std", "make_unique"}};
94   const CallDescription StdMakeUniqueForOverwriteCall{
95       {"std", "make_unique_for_overwrite"}};
96 };
97 } // end of anonymous namespace
98 
99 REGISTER_MAP_WITH_PROGRAMSTATE(TrackedRegionMap, const MemRegion *, SVal)
100 
101 // Checks if RD has name in Names and is in std namespace
102 static bool hasStdClassWithName(const CXXRecordDecl *RD,
103                                 ArrayRef<llvm::StringLiteral> Names) {
104   if (!RD || !RD->getDeclContext()->isStdNamespace())
105     return false;
106   if (RD->getDeclName().isIdentifier())
107     return llvm::is_contained(Names, RD->getName());
108   return false;
109 }
110 
111 constexpr llvm::StringLiteral STD_PTR_NAMES[] = {"shared_ptr", "unique_ptr",
112                                                  "weak_ptr"};
113 
114 static bool isStdSmartPtr(const CXXRecordDecl *RD) {
115   return hasStdClassWithName(RD, STD_PTR_NAMES);
116 }
117 
118 static bool isStdSmartPtr(const Expr *E) {
119   return isStdSmartPtr(E->getType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl());
120 }
121 
122 // Define the inter-checker API.
123 namespace clang {
124 namespace ento {
125 namespace smartptr {
126 bool isStdSmartPtrCall(const CallEvent &Call) {
127   const auto *MethodDecl = dyn_cast_or_null<CXXMethodDecl>(Call.getDecl());
128   if (!MethodDecl || !MethodDecl->getParent())
129     return false;
130   return isStdSmartPtr(MethodDecl->getParent());
131 }
132 
133 bool isStdSmartPtr(const CXXRecordDecl *RD) {
134   if (!RD || !RD->getDeclContext()->isStdNamespace())
135     return false;
136 
137   if (RD->getDeclName().isIdentifier()) {
138     StringRef Name = RD->getName();
139     return Name == "shared_ptr" || Name == "unique_ptr" || Name == "weak_ptr";
140   }
141   return false;
142 }
143 
144 bool isStdSmartPtr(const Expr *E) {
145   return isStdSmartPtr(E->getType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl());
146 }
147 
148 bool isNullSmartPtr(const ProgramStateRef State, const MemRegion *ThisRegion) {
149   const auto *InnerPointVal = State->get<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion);
150   return InnerPointVal &&
151          !State->assume(InnerPointVal->castAs<DefinedOrUnknownSVal>(), true);
152 }
153 } // namespace smartptr
154 } // namespace ento
155 } // namespace clang
156 
157 // If a region is removed all of the subregions need to be removed too.
158 static TrackedRegionMapTy
159 removeTrackedSubregions(TrackedRegionMapTy RegionMap,
160                         TrackedRegionMapTy::Factory &RegionMapFactory,
161                         const MemRegion *Region) {
162   if (!Region)
163     return RegionMap;
164   for (const auto &E : RegionMap) {
165     if (E.first->isSubRegionOf(Region))
166       RegionMap = RegionMapFactory.remove(RegionMap, E.first);
167   }
168   return RegionMap;
169 }
170 
171 static ProgramStateRef updateSwappedRegion(ProgramStateRef State,
172                                            const MemRegion *Region,
173                                            const SVal *RegionInnerPointerVal) {
174   if (RegionInnerPointerVal) {
175     State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(Region, *RegionInnerPointerVal);
176   } else {
177     State = State->remove<TrackedRegionMap>(Region);
178   }
179   return State;
180 }
181 
182 static QualType getInnerPointerType(CheckerContext C, const CXXRecordDecl *RD) {
183   if (!RD || !RD->isInStdNamespace())
184     return {};
185 
186   const auto *TSD = dyn_cast<ClassTemplateSpecializationDecl>(RD);
187   if (!TSD)
188     return {};
189 
190   auto TemplateArgs = TSD->getTemplateArgs().asArray();
191   if (TemplateArgs.empty())
192     return {};
193   auto InnerValueType = TemplateArgs[0].getAsType();
194   return C.getASTContext().getPointerType(InnerValueType.getCanonicalType());
195 }
196 
197 // This is for use with standalone-functions like std::make_unique,
198 // std::make_unique_for_overwrite, etc. It reads the template parameter and
199 // returns the pointer type corresponding to it,
200 static QualType getPointerTypeFromTemplateArg(const CallEvent &Call,
201                                               CheckerContext &C) {
202   const auto *FD = dyn_cast_or_null<FunctionDecl>(Call.getDecl());
203   if (!FD || !FD->isFunctionTemplateSpecialization())
204     return {};
205   const auto &TemplateArgs = FD->getTemplateSpecializationArgs()->asArray();
206   if (TemplateArgs.size() == 0)
207     return {};
208   auto ValueType = TemplateArgs[0].getAsType();
209   return C.getASTContext().getPointerType(ValueType.getCanonicalType());
210 }
211 
212 // Helper method to get the inner pointer type of specialized smart pointer
213 // Returns empty type if not found valid inner pointer type.
214 static QualType getInnerPointerType(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) {
215   const auto *MethodDecl = dyn_cast_or_null<CXXMethodDecl>(Call.getDecl());
216   if (!MethodDecl || !MethodDecl->getParent())
217     return {};
218 
219   const auto *RecordDecl = MethodDecl->getParent();
220   return getInnerPointerType(C, RecordDecl);
221 }
222 
223 // Helper method to pretty print region and avoid extra spacing.
224 static void checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(llvm::raw_ostream &OS,
225                                       const MemRegion *Region) {
226   if (Region->canPrintPretty()) {
227     OS << " ";
228     Region->printPretty(OS);
229   }
230 }
231 
232 bool SmartPtrModeling::isBoolConversionMethod(const CallEvent &Call) const {
233   // TODO: Update CallDescription to support anonymous calls?
234   // TODO: Handle other methods, such as .get() or .release().
235   // But once we do, we'd need a visitor to explain null dereferences
236   // that are found via such modeling.
237   const auto *CD = dyn_cast_or_null<CXXConversionDecl>(Call.getDecl());
238   return CD && CD->getConversionType()->isBooleanType();
239 }
240 
241 constexpr llvm::StringLiteral BASIC_OSTREAM_NAMES[] = {"basic_ostream"};
242 
243 bool isStdBasicOstream(const Expr *E) {
244   const auto *RD = E->getType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl();
245   return hasStdClassWithName(RD, BASIC_OSTREAM_NAMES);
246 }
247 
248 static bool isStdFunctionCall(const CallEvent &Call) {
249   return Call.getDecl() && Call.getDecl()->getDeclContext()->isStdNamespace();
250 }
251 
252 bool isStdOstreamOperatorCall(const CallEvent &Call) {
253   if (Call.getNumArgs() != 2 || !isStdFunctionCall(Call))
254     return false;
255   const auto *FC = dyn_cast<SimpleFunctionCall>(&Call);
256   if (!FC)
257     return false;
258   const FunctionDecl *FD = FC->getDecl();
259   if (!FD->isOverloadedOperator())
260     return false;
261   const OverloadedOperatorKind OOK = FD->getOverloadedOperator();
262   if (OOK != clang::OO_LessLess)
263     return false;
264   return isStdSmartPtr(Call.getArgExpr(1)) &&
265          isStdBasicOstream(Call.getArgExpr(0));
266 }
267 
268 static bool isPotentiallyComparisionOpCall(const CallEvent &Call) {
269   if (Call.getNumArgs() != 2 || !isStdFunctionCall(Call))
270     return false;
271   return smartptr::isStdSmartPtr(Call.getArgExpr(0)) ||
272          smartptr::isStdSmartPtr(Call.getArgExpr(1));
273 }
274 
275 bool SmartPtrModeling::evalCall(const CallEvent &Call,
276                                 CheckerContext &C) const {
277 
278   ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
279 
280   // If any one of the arg is a unique_ptr, then
281   // we can try this function
282   if (ModelSmartPtrDereference && isPotentiallyComparisionOpCall(Call))
283     if (handleComparisionOp(Call, C))
284       return true;
285 
286   if (ModelSmartPtrDereference && isStdOstreamOperatorCall(Call))
287     return handleOstreamOperator(Call, C);
288 
289   if (StdSwapCall.matches(Call)) {
290     // Check the first arg, if it is of std::unique_ptr type.
291     assert(Call.getNumArgs() == 2 && "std::swap should have two arguments");
292     const Expr *FirstArg = Call.getArgExpr(0);
293     if (!smartptr::isStdSmartPtr(FirstArg->getType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl()))
294       return false;
295     return handleSwap(State, Call.getArgSVal(0), Call.getArgSVal(1), C);
296   }
297 
298   if (matchesAny(Call, StdMakeUniqueCall, StdMakeUniqueForOverwriteCall)) {
299     if (!ModelSmartPtrDereference)
300       return false;
301 
302     const Optional<SVal> ThisRegionOpt = Call.getReturnValueUnderConstruction();
303     if (!ThisRegionOpt)
304       return false;
305 
306     const auto PtrVal = C.getSValBuilder().getConjuredHeapSymbolVal(
307         Call.getOriginExpr(), C.getLocationContext(),
308         getPointerTypeFromTemplateArg(Call, C), C.blockCount());
309 
310     const MemRegion *ThisRegion = ThisRegionOpt->getAsRegion();
311     State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion, PtrVal);
312     State = State->assume(PtrVal, true);
313 
314     // TODO: ExprEngine should do this for us.
315     // For a bit more context:
316     // 1) Why do we need this? Since we are modelling a "function"
317     // that returns a constructed object we need to store this information in
318     // the program state.
319     //
320     // 2) Why does this work?
321     // `updateObjectsUnderConstruction` does exactly as it sounds.
322     //
323     // 3) How should it look like when moved to the Engine?
324     // It would be nice if we can just
325     // pretend we don't need to know about this - ie, completely automatic work.
326     // However, realistically speaking, I think we would need to "signal" the
327     // ExprEngine evalCall handler that we are constructing an object with this
328     // function call (constructors obviously construct, hence can be
329     // automatically deduced).
330     auto &Engine = State->getStateManager().getOwningEngine();
331     State = Engine.updateObjectsUnderConstruction(
332         *ThisRegionOpt, nullptr, State, C.getLocationContext(),
333         Call.getConstructionContext(), {});
334 
335     // We don't leave a note here since it is guaranteed the
336     // unique_ptr from this call is non-null (hence is safe to de-reference).
337     C.addTransition(State);
338     return true;
339   }
340 
341   if (!smartptr::isStdSmartPtrCall(Call))
342     return false;
343 
344   if (isBoolConversionMethod(Call)) {
345     const MemRegion *ThisR =
346         cast<CXXInstanceCall>(&Call)->getCXXThisVal().getAsRegion();
347 
348     if (ModelSmartPtrDereference) {
349       // The check for the region is moved is duplicated in handleBoolOperation
350       // method.
351       // FIXME: Once we model std::move for smart pointers clean up this and use
352       // that modeling.
353       handleBoolConversion(Call, C);
354       return true;
355     } else {
356       if (!move::isMovedFrom(State, ThisR)) {
357         // TODO: Model this case as well. At least, avoid invalidation of
358         // globals.
359         return false;
360       }
361 
362       // TODO: Add a note to bug reports describing this decision.
363       C.addTransition(State->BindExpr(
364           Call.getOriginExpr(), C.getLocationContext(),
365           C.getSValBuilder().makeZeroVal(Call.getResultType())));
366 
367       return true;
368     }
369   }
370 
371   if (!ModelSmartPtrDereference)
372     return false;
373 
374   if (const auto *CC = dyn_cast<CXXConstructorCall>(&Call)) {
375     if (CC->getDecl()->isCopyConstructor())
376       return false;
377 
378     const MemRegion *ThisRegion = CC->getCXXThisVal().getAsRegion();
379     if (!ThisRegion)
380       return false;
381 
382     if (CC->getDecl()->isMoveConstructor())
383       return handleMoveCtr(Call, C, ThisRegion);
384 
385     if (Call.getNumArgs() == 0) {
386       auto NullVal = C.getSValBuilder().makeNull();
387       State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion, NullVal);
388 
389       C.addTransition(
390           State, C.getNoteTag([ThisRegion](PathSensitiveBugReport &BR,
391                                            llvm::raw_ostream &OS) {
392             if (&BR.getBugType() != smartptr::getNullDereferenceBugType() ||
393                 !BR.isInteresting(ThisRegion))
394               return;
395             OS << "Default constructed smart pointer";
396             checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, ThisRegion);
397             OS << " is null";
398           }));
399     } else {
400       const auto *TrackingExpr = Call.getArgExpr(0);
401       assert(TrackingExpr->getType()->isPointerType() &&
402              "Adding a non pointer value to TrackedRegionMap");
403       auto ArgVal = Call.getArgSVal(0);
404       State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion, ArgVal);
405 
406       C.addTransition(State, C.getNoteTag([ThisRegion, TrackingExpr,
407                                            ArgVal](PathSensitiveBugReport &BR,
408                                                    llvm::raw_ostream &OS) {
409         if (&BR.getBugType() != smartptr::getNullDereferenceBugType() ||
410             !BR.isInteresting(ThisRegion))
411           return;
412         bugreporter::trackExpressionValue(BR.getErrorNode(), TrackingExpr, BR);
413         OS << "Smart pointer";
414         checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, ThisRegion);
415         if (ArgVal.isZeroConstant())
416           OS << " is constructed using a null value";
417         else
418           OS << " is constructed";
419       }));
420     }
421     return true;
422   }
423 
424   if (handleAssignOp(Call, C))
425     return true;
426 
427   const SmartPtrMethodHandlerFn *Handler = SmartPtrMethodHandlers.lookup(Call);
428   if (!Handler)
429     return false;
430   (this->**Handler)(Call, C);
431 
432   return C.isDifferent();
433 }
434 
435 std::pair<SVal, ProgramStateRef> SmartPtrModeling::retrieveOrConjureInnerPtrVal(
436     ProgramStateRef State, const MemRegion *ThisRegion, const Expr *E,
437     QualType Type, CheckerContext &C) const {
438   const auto *Ptr = State->get<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion);
439   if (Ptr)
440     return {*Ptr, State};
441   auto Val = C.getSValBuilder().conjureSymbolVal(E, C.getLocationContext(),
442                                                  Type, C.blockCount());
443   State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion, Val);
444   return {Val, State};
445 }
446 
447 bool SmartPtrModeling::handleComparisionOp(const CallEvent &Call,
448                                            CheckerContext &C) const {
449   const auto *FC = dyn_cast<SimpleFunctionCall>(&Call);
450   if (!FC)
451     return false;
452   const FunctionDecl *FD = FC->getDecl();
453   if (!FD->isOverloadedOperator())
454     return false;
455   const OverloadedOperatorKind OOK = FD->getOverloadedOperator();
456   if (!(OOK == OO_EqualEqual || OOK == OO_ExclaimEqual || OOK == OO_Less ||
457         OOK == OO_LessEqual || OOK == OO_Greater || OOK == OO_GreaterEqual ||
458         OOK == OO_Spaceship))
459     return false;
460 
461   // There are some special cases about which we can infer about
462   // the resulting answer.
463   // For reference, there is a discussion at https://reviews.llvm.org/D104616.
464   // Also, the cppreference page is good to look at
465   // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/unique_ptr/operator_cmp.
466 
467   auto makeSValFor = [&C, this](ProgramStateRef State, const Expr *E,
468                                 SVal S) -> std::pair<SVal, ProgramStateRef> {
469     if (S.isZeroConstant()) {
470       return {S, State};
471     }
472     const MemRegion *Reg = S.getAsRegion();
473     assert(Reg &&
474            "this pointer of std::unique_ptr should be obtainable as MemRegion");
475     QualType Type = getInnerPointerType(C, E->getType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl());
476     return retrieveOrConjureInnerPtrVal(State, Reg, E, Type, C);
477   };
478 
479   SVal First = Call.getArgSVal(0);
480   SVal Second = Call.getArgSVal(1);
481   const auto *FirstExpr = Call.getArgExpr(0);
482   const auto *SecondExpr = Call.getArgExpr(1);
483 
484   const auto *ResultExpr = Call.getOriginExpr();
485   const auto *LCtx = C.getLocationContext();
486   auto &Bldr = C.getSValBuilder();
487   ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
488 
489   SVal FirstPtrVal, SecondPtrVal;
490   std::tie(FirstPtrVal, State) = makeSValFor(State, FirstExpr, First);
491   std::tie(SecondPtrVal, State) = makeSValFor(State, SecondExpr, Second);
492   BinaryOperatorKind BOK =
493       operationKindFromOverloadedOperator(OOK, true).GetBinaryOpUnsafe();
494   auto RetVal = Bldr.evalBinOp(State, BOK, FirstPtrVal, SecondPtrVal,
495                                Call.getResultType());
496 
497   if (OOK != OO_Spaceship) {
498     ProgramStateRef TrueState, FalseState;
499     std::tie(TrueState, FalseState) =
500         State->assume(*RetVal.getAs<DefinedOrUnknownSVal>());
501     if (TrueState)
502       C.addTransition(
503           TrueState->BindExpr(ResultExpr, LCtx, Bldr.makeTruthVal(true)));
504     if (FalseState)
505       C.addTransition(
506           FalseState->BindExpr(ResultExpr, LCtx, Bldr.makeTruthVal(false)));
507   } else {
508     C.addTransition(State->BindExpr(ResultExpr, LCtx, RetVal));
509   }
510   return true;
511 }
512 
513 bool SmartPtrModeling::handleOstreamOperator(const CallEvent &Call,
514                                              CheckerContext &C) const {
515   // operator<< does not modify the smart pointer.
516   // And we don't really have much of modelling of basic_ostream.
517   // So, we are better off:
518   // 1) Invalidating the mem-region of the ostream object at hand.
519   // 2) Setting the SVal of the basic_ostream as the return value.
520   // Not very satisfying, but it gets the job done, and is better
521   // than the default handling. :)
522 
523   ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
524   const auto StreamVal = Call.getArgSVal(0);
525   const MemRegion *StreamThisRegion = StreamVal.getAsRegion();
526   if (!StreamThisRegion)
527     return false;
528   State =
529       State->invalidateRegions({StreamThisRegion}, Call.getOriginExpr(),
530                                C.blockCount(), C.getLocationContext(), false);
531   State =
532       State->BindExpr(Call.getOriginExpr(), C.getLocationContext(), StreamVal);
533   C.addTransition(State);
534   return true;
535 }
536 
537 void SmartPtrModeling::checkDeadSymbols(SymbolReaper &SymReaper,
538                                         CheckerContext &C) const {
539   ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
540   // Clean up dead regions from the region map.
541   TrackedRegionMapTy TrackedRegions = State->get<TrackedRegionMap>();
542   for (auto E : TrackedRegions) {
543     const MemRegion *Region = E.first;
544     bool IsRegDead = !SymReaper.isLiveRegion(Region);
545 
546     if (IsRegDead)
547       State = State->remove<TrackedRegionMap>(Region);
548   }
549   C.addTransition(State);
550 }
551 
552 void SmartPtrModeling::printState(raw_ostream &Out, ProgramStateRef State,
553                                   const char *NL, const char *Sep) const {
554   TrackedRegionMapTy RS = State->get<TrackedRegionMap>();
555 
556   if (!RS.isEmpty()) {
557     Out << Sep << "Smart ptr regions :" << NL;
558     for (auto I : RS) {
559       I.first->dumpToStream(Out);
560       if (smartptr::isNullSmartPtr(State, I.first))
561         Out << ": Null";
562       else
563         Out << ": Non Null";
564       Out << NL;
565     }
566   }
567 }
568 
569 ProgramStateRef SmartPtrModeling::checkRegionChanges(
570     ProgramStateRef State, const InvalidatedSymbols *Invalidated,
571     ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> ExplicitRegions,
572     ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> Regions, const LocationContext *LCtx,
573     const CallEvent *Call) const {
574   TrackedRegionMapTy RegionMap = State->get<TrackedRegionMap>();
575   TrackedRegionMapTy::Factory &RegionMapFactory =
576       State->get_context<TrackedRegionMap>();
577   for (const auto *Region : Regions)
578     RegionMap = removeTrackedSubregions(RegionMap, RegionMapFactory,
579                                         Region->getBaseRegion());
580   return State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(RegionMap);
581 }
582 
583 void SmartPtrModeling::checkLiveSymbols(ProgramStateRef State,
584                                         SymbolReaper &SR) const {
585   // Marking tracked symbols alive
586   TrackedRegionMapTy TrackedRegions = State->get<TrackedRegionMap>();
587   for (auto I = TrackedRegions.begin(), E = TrackedRegions.end(); I != E; ++I) {
588     SVal Val = I->second;
589     for (auto si = Val.symbol_begin(), se = Val.symbol_end(); si != se; ++si) {
590       SR.markLive(*si);
591     }
592   }
593 }
594 
595 void SmartPtrModeling::handleReset(const CallEvent &Call,
596                                    CheckerContext &C) const {
597   ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
598   const auto *IC = dyn_cast<CXXInstanceCall>(&Call);
599   if (!IC)
600     return;
601 
602   const MemRegion *ThisRegion = IC->getCXXThisVal().getAsRegion();
603   if (!ThisRegion)
604     return;
605 
606   assert(Call.getArgExpr(0)->getType()->isPointerType() &&
607          "Adding a non pointer value to TrackedRegionMap");
608   State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion, Call.getArgSVal(0));
609   const auto *TrackingExpr = Call.getArgExpr(0);
610   C.addTransition(
611       State, C.getNoteTag([ThisRegion, TrackingExpr](PathSensitiveBugReport &BR,
612                                                      llvm::raw_ostream &OS) {
613         if (&BR.getBugType() != smartptr::getNullDereferenceBugType() ||
614             !BR.isInteresting(ThisRegion))
615           return;
616         bugreporter::trackExpressionValue(BR.getErrorNode(), TrackingExpr, BR);
617         OS << "Smart pointer";
618         checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, ThisRegion);
619         OS << " reset using a null value";
620       }));
621   // TODO: Make sure to ivalidate the region in the Store if we don't have
622   // time to model all methods.
623 }
624 
625 void SmartPtrModeling::handleRelease(const CallEvent &Call,
626                                      CheckerContext &C) const {
627   ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
628   const auto *IC = dyn_cast<CXXInstanceCall>(&Call);
629   if (!IC)
630     return;
631 
632   const MemRegion *ThisRegion = IC->getCXXThisVal().getAsRegion();
633   if (!ThisRegion)
634     return;
635 
636   const auto *InnerPointVal = State->get<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion);
637 
638   if (InnerPointVal) {
639     State = State->BindExpr(Call.getOriginExpr(), C.getLocationContext(),
640                             *InnerPointVal);
641   }
642 
643   auto ValueToUpdate = C.getSValBuilder().makeNull();
644   State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion, ValueToUpdate);
645 
646   C.addTransition(State, C.getNoteTag([ThisRegion](PathSensitiveBugReport &BR,
647                                                    llvm::raw_ostream &OS) {
648     if (&BR.getBugType() != smartptr::getNullDereferenceBugType() ||
649         !BR.isInteresting(ThisRegion))
650       return;
651 
652     OS << "Smart pointer";
653     checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, ThisRegion);
654     OS << " is released and set to null";
655   }));
656   // TODO: Add support to enable MallocChecker to start tracking the raw
657   // pointer.
658 }
659 
660 void SmartPtrModeling::handleSwapMethod(const CallEvent &Call,
661                                         CheckerContext &C) const {
662   // To model unique_ptr::swap() method.
663   const auto *IC = dyn_cast<CXXInstanceCall>(&Call);
664   if (!IC)
665     return;
666 
667   auto State = C.getState();
668   handleSwap(State, IC->getCXXThisVal(), Call.getArgSVal(0), C);
669 }
670 
671 bool SmartPtrModeling::handleSwap(ProgramStateRef State, SVal First,
672                                   SVal Second, CheckerContext &C) const {
673   const MemRegion *FirstThisRegion = First.getAsRegion();
674   if (!FirstThisRegion)
675     return false;
676   const MemRegion *SecondThisRegion = Second.getAsRegion();
677   if (!SecondThisRegion)
678     return false;
679 
680   const auto *FirstInnerPtrVal = State->get<TrackedRegionMap>(FirstThisRegion);
681   const auto *SecondInnerPtrVal =
682       State->get<TrackedRegionMap>(SecondThisRegion);
683 
684   State = updateSwappedRegion(State, FirstThisRegion, SecondInnerPtrVal);
685   State = updateSwappedRegion(State, SecondThisRegion, FirstInnerPtrVal);
686 
687   C.addTransition(State, C.getNoteTag([FirstThisRegion, SecondThisRegion](
688                                           PathSensitiveBugReport &BR,
689                                           llvm::raw_ostream &OS) {
690     if (&BR.getBugType() != smartptr::getNullDereferenceBugType())
691       return;
692     if (BR.isInteresting(FirstThisRegion) &&
693         !BR.isInteresting(SecondThisRegion)) {
694       BR.markInteresting(SecondThisRegion);
695       BR.markNotInteresting(FirstThisRegion);
696     }
697     if (BR.isInteresting(SecondThisRegion) &&
698         !BR.isInteresting(FirstThisRegion)) {
699       BR.markInteresting(FirstThisRegion);
700       BR.markNotInteresting(SecondThisRegion);
701     }
702     // TODO: We need to emit some note here probably!!
703   }));
704 
705   return true;
706 }
707 
708 void SmartPtrModeling::handleGet(const CallEvent &Call,
709                                  CheckerContext &C) const {
710   ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
711   const auto *IC = dyn_cast<CXXInstanceCall>(&Call);
712   if (!IC)
713     return;
714 
715   const MemRegion *ThisRegion = IC->getCXXThisVal().getAsRegion();
716   if (!ThisRegion)
717     return;
718 
719   SVal InnerPointerVal;
720   std::tie(InnerPointerVal, State) = retrieveOrConjureInnerPtrVal(
721       State, ThisRegion, Call.getOriginExpr(), Call.getResultType(), C);
722   State = State->BindExpr(Call.getOriginExpr(), C.getLocationContext(),
723                           InnerPointerVal);
724   // TODO: Add NoteTag, for how the raw pointer got using 'get' method.
725   C.addTransition(State);
726 }
727 
728 bool SmartPtrModeling::handleAssignOp(const CallEvent &Call,
729                                       CheckerContext &C) const {
730   ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
731   const auto *OC = dyn_cast<CXXMemberOperatorCall>(&Call);
732   if (!OC)
733     return false;
734   OverloadedOperatorKind OOK = OC->getOverloadedOperator();
735   if (OOK != OO_Equal)
736     return false;
737   const MemRegion *ThisRegion = OC->getCXXThisVal().getAsRegion();
738   if (!ThisRegion)
739     return false;
740 
741   const MemRegion *OtherSmartPtrRegion = OC->getArgSVal(0).getAsRegion();
742   // In case of 'nullptr' or '0' assigned
743   if (!OtherSmartPtrRegion) {
744     bool AssignedNull = Call.getArgSVal(0).isZeroConstant();
745     if (!AssignedNull)
746       return false;
747     auto NullVal = C.getSValBuilder().makeNull();
748     State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion, NullVal);
749     C.addTransition(State, C.getNoteTag([ThisRegion](PathSensitiveBugReport &BR,
750                                                      llvm::raw_ostream &OS) {
751       if (&BR.getBugType() != smartptr::getNullDereferenceBugType() ||
752           !BR.isInteresting(ThisRegion))
753         return;
754       OS << "Smart pointer";
755       checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, ThisRegion);
756       OS << " is assigned to null";
757     }));
758     return true;
759   }
760 
761   return updateMovedSmartPointers(C, ThisRegion, OtherSmartPtrRegion);
762 }
763 
764 bool SmartPtrModeling::handleMoveCtr(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C,
765                                      const MemRegion *ThisRegion) const {
766   const auto *OtherSmartPtrRegion = Call.getArgSVal(0).getAsRegion();
767   if (!OtherSmartPtrRegion)
768     return false;
769 
770   return updateMovedSmartPointers(C, ThisRegion, OtherSmartPtrRegion);
771 }
772 
773 bool SmartPtrModeling::updateMovedSmartPointers(
774     CheckerContext &C, const MemRegion *ThisRegion,
775     const MemRegion *OtherSmartPtrRegion) const {
776   ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
777   const auto *OtherInnerPtr = State->get<TrackedRegionMap>(OtherSmartPtrRegion);
778   if (OtherInnerPtr) {
779     State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion, *OtherInnerPtr);
780     auto NullVal = C.getSValBuilder().makeNull();
781     State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(OtherSmartPtrRegion, NullVal);
782     bool IsArgValNull = OtherInnerPtr->isZeroConstant();
783 
784     C.addTransition(
785         State,
786         C.getNoteTag([ThisRegion, OtherSmartPtrRegion, IsArgValNull](
787                          PathSensitiveBugReport &BR, llvm::raw_ostream &OS) {
788           if (&BR.getBugType() != smartptr::getNullDereferenceBugType())
789             return;
790           if (BR.isInteresting(OtherSmartPtrRegion)) {
791             OS << "Smart pointer";
792             checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, OtherSmartPtrRegion);
793             OS << " is null after being moved to";
794             checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, ThisRegion);
795           }
796           if (BR.isInteresting(ThisRegion) && IsArgValNull) {
797             OS << "A null pointer value is moved to";
798             checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, ThisRegion);
799             BR.markInteresting(OtherSmartPtrRegion);
800           }
801         }));
802     return true;
803   } else {
804     // In case we dont know anything about value we are moving from
805     // remove the entry from map for which smart pointer got moved to.
806     auto NullVal = C.getSValBuilder().makeNull();
807     State = State->remove<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion);
808     State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(OtherSmartPtrRegion, NullVal);
809     C.addTransition(State, C.getNoteTag([OtherSmartPtrRegion,
810                                          ThisRegion](PathSensitiveBugReport &BR,
811                                                      llvm::raw_ostream &OS) {
812       if (&BR.getBugType() != smartptr::getNullDereferenceBugType() ||
813           !BR.isInteresting(OtherSmartPtrRegion))
814         return;
815       OS << "Smart pointer";
816       checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, OtherSmartPtrRegion);
817       OS << " is null after; previous value moved to";
818       checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, ThisRegion);
819     }));
820     return true;
821   }
822   return false;
823 }
824 
825 void SmartPtrModeling::handleBoolConversion(const CallEvent &Call,
826                                             CheckerContext &C) const {
827   // To model unique_ptr::operator bool
828   ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
829   const Expr *CallExpr = Call.getOriginExpr();
830   const MemRegion *ThisRegion =
831       cast<CXXInstanceCall>(&Call)->getCXXThisVal().getAsRegion();
832 
833   SVal InnerPointerVal;
834   if (const auto *InnerValPtr = State->get<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion)) {
835     InnerPointerVal = *InnerValPtr;
836   } else {
837     // In case of inner pointer SVal is not available we create
838     // conjureSymbolVal for inner pointer value.
839     auto InnerPointerType = getInnerPointerType(Call, C);
840     if (InnerPointerType.isNull())
841       return;
842 
843     const LocationContext *LC = C.getLocationContext();
844     InnerPointerVal = C.getSValBuilder().conjureSymbolVal(
845         CallExpr, LC, InnerPointerType, C.blockCount());
846     State = State->set<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion, InnerPointerVal);
847   }
848 
849   if (State->isNull(InnerPointerVal).isConstrainedTrue()) {
850     State = State->BindExpr(CallExpr, C.getLocationContext(),
851                             C.getSValBuilder().makeTruthVal(false));
852 
853     C.addTransition(State);
854     return;
855   } else if (State->isNonNull(InnerPointerVal).isConstrainedTrue()) {
856     State = State->BindExpr(CallExpr, C.getLocationContext(),
857                             C.getSValBuilder().makeTruthVal(true));
858 
859     C.addTransition(State);
860     return;
861   } else if (move::isMovedFrom(State, ThisRegion)) {
862     C.addTransition(
863         State->BindExpr(CallExpr, C.getLocationContext(),
864                         C.getSValBuilder().makeZeroVal(Call.getResultType())));
865     return;
866   } else {
867     ProgramStateRef NotNullState, NullState;
868     std::tie(NotNullState, NullState) =
869         State->assume(InnerPointerVal.castAs<DefinedOrUnknownSVal>());
870 
871     auto NullVal = C.getSValBuilder().makeNull();
872     // Explicitly tracking the region as null.
873     NullState = NullState->set<TrackedRegionMap>(ThisRegion, NullVal);
874 
875     NullState = NullState->BindExpr(CallExpr, C.getLocationContext(),
876                                     C.getSValBuilder().makeTruthVal(false));
877     C.addTransition(NullState, C.getNoteTag(
878                                    [ThisRegion](PathSensitiveBugReport &BR,
879                                                 llvm::raw_ostream &OS) {
880                                      OS << "Assuming smart pointer";
881                                      checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, ThisRegion);
882                                      OS << " is null";
883                                    },
884                                    /*IsPrunable=*/true));
885     NotNullState =
886         NotNullState->BindExpr(CallExpr, C.getLocationContext(),
887                                C.getSValBuilder().makeTruthVal(true));
888     C.addTransition(
889         NotNullState,
890         C.getNoteTag(
891             [ThisRegion](PathSensitiveBugReport &BR, llvm::raw_ostream &OS) {
892               OS << "Assuming smart pointer";
893               checkAndPrettyPrintRegion(OS, ThisRegion);
894               OS << " is non-null";
895             },
896             /*IsPrunable=*/true));
897     return;
898   }
899 }
900 
901 void ento::registerSmartPtrModeling(CheckerManager &Mgr) {
902   auto *Checker = Mgr.registerChecker<SmartPtrModeling>();
903   Checker->ModelSmartPtrDereference =
904       Mgr.getAnalyzerOptions().getCheckerBooleanOption(
905           Checker, "ModelSmartPtrDereference");
906 }
907 
908 bool ento::shouldRegisterSmartPtrModeling(const CheckerManager &mgr) {
909   const LangOptions &LO = mgr.getLangOpts();
910   return LO.CPlusPlus;
911 }
912