1 //=- NSErrorChecker.cpp - Coding conventions for uses of NSError -*- C++ -*-==// 2 // 3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions. 4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information. 5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception 6 // 7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 8 // 9 // This file defines a CheckNSError, a flow-insensitive check 10 // that determines if an Objective-C class interface correctly returns 11 // a non-void return type. 12 // 13 // File under feature request PR 2600. 14 // 15 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 16 17 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/BuiltinCheckerRegistration.h" 18 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h" 19 #include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h" 20 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugType.h" 21 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/Checker.h" 22 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h" 23 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CheckerContext.h" 24 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramStateTrait.h" 25 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h" 26 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h" 27 28 using namespace clang; 29 using namespace ento; 30 31 static bool IsNSError(QualType T, IdentifierInfo *II); 32 static bool IsCFError(QualType T, IdentifierInfo *II); 33 34 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 35 // NSErrorMethodChecker 36 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 37 38 namespace { 39 class NSErrorMethodChecker 40 : public Checker< check::ASTDecl<ObjCMethodDecl> > { 41 mutable IdentifierInfo *II; 42 43 public: 44 NSErrorMethodChecker() : II(nullptr) {} 45 46 void checkASTDecl(const ObjCMethodDecl *D, 47 AnalysisManager &mgr, BugReporter &BR) const; 48 }; 49 } 50 51 void NSErrorMethodChecker::checkASTDecl(const ObjCMethodDecl *D, 52 AnalysisManager &mgr, 53 BugReporter &BR) const { 54 if (!D->isThisDeclarationADefinition()) 55 return; 56 if (!D->getReturnType()->isVoidType()) 57 return; 58 59 if (!II) 60 II = &D->getASTContext().Idents.get("NSError"); 61 62 bool hasNSError = false; 63 for (const auto *I : D->parameters()) { 64 if (IsNSError(I->getType(), II)) { 65 hasNSError = true; 66 break; 67 } 68 } 69 70 if (hasNSError) { 71 const char *err = "Method accepting NSError** " 72 "should have a non-void return value to indicate whether or not an " 73 "error occurred"; 74 PathDiagnosticLocation L = 75 PathDiagnosticLocation::create(D, BR.getSourceManager()); 76 BR.EmitBasicReport(D, this, "Bad return type when passing NSError**", 77 "Coding conventions (Apple)", err, L); 78 } 79 } 80 81 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 82 // CFErrorFunctionChecker 83 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 84 85 namespace { 86 class CFErrorFunctionChecker 87 : public Checker< check::ASTDecl<FunctionDecl> > { 88 mutable IdentifierInfo *II; 89 90 public: 91 CFErrorFunctionChecker() : II(nullptr) {} 92 93 void checkASTDecl(const FunctionDecl *D, 94 AnalysisManager &mgr, BugReporter &BR) const; 95 }; 96 } 97 98 static bool hasReservedReturnType(const FunctionDecl *D) { 99 if (isa<CXXConstructorDecl>(D)) 100 return true; 101 102 // operators delete and delete[] are required to have 'void' return type 103 auto OperatorKind = D->getOverloadedOperator(); 104 return OperatorKind == OO_Delete || OperatorKind == OO_Array_Delete; 105 } 106 107 void CFErrorFunctionChecker::checkASTDecl(const FunctionDecl *D, 108 AnalysisManager &mgr, 109 BugReporter &BR) const { 110 if (!D->doesThisDeclarationHaveABody()) 111 return; 112 if (!D->getReturnType()->isVoidType()) 113 return; 114 if (hasReservedReturnType(D)) 115 return; 116 117 if (!II) 118 II = &D->getASTContext().Idents.get("CFErrorRef"); 119 120 bool hasCFError = false; 121 for (auto I : D->parameters()) { 122 if (IsCFError(I->getType(), II)) { 123 hasCFError = true; 124 break; 125 } 126 } 127 128 if (hasCFError) { 129 const char *err = "Function accepting CFErrorRef* " 130 "should have a non-void return value to indicate whether or not an " 131 "error occurred"; 132 PathDiagnosticLocation L = 133 PathDiagnosticLocation::create(D, BR.getSourceManager()); 134 BR.EmitBasicReport(D, this, "Bad return type when passing CFErrorRef*", 135 "Coding conventions (Apple)", err, L); 136 } 137 } 138 139 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 140 // NSOrCFErrorDerefChecker 141 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 142 143 namespace { 144 145 class NSErrorDerefBug : public BugType { 146 public: 147 NSErrorDerefBug(const CheckerNameRef Checker) 148 : BugType(Checker, "NSError** null dereference", 149 "Coding conventions (Apple)") {} 150 }; 151 152 class CFErrorDerefBug : public BugType { 153 public: 154 CFErrorDerefBug(const CheckerNameRef Checker) 155 : BugType(Checker, "CFErrorRef* null dereference", 156 "Coding conventions (Apple)") {} 157 }; 158 159 } 160 161 namespace { 162 class NSOrCFErrorDerefChecker 163 : public Checker< check::Location, 164 check::Event<ImplicitNullDerefEvent> > { 165 mutable IdentifierInfo *NSErrorII, *CFErrorII; 166 mutable std::unique_ptr<NSErrorDerefBug> NSBT; 167 mutable std::unique_ptr<CFErrorDerefBug> CFBT; 168 public: 169 DefaultBool ShouldCheckNSError, ShouldCheckCFError; 170 CheckerNameRef NSErrorName, CFErrorName; 171 NSOrCFErrorDerefChecker() : NSErrorII(nullptr), CFErrorII(nullptr) {} 172 173 void checkLocation(SVal loc, bool isLoad, const Stmt *S, 174 CheckerContext &C) const; 175 void checkEvent(ImplicitNullDerefEvent event) const; 176 }; 177 } 178 179 typedef llvm::ImmutableMap<SymbolRef, unsigned> ErrorOutFlag; 180 REGISTER_TRAIT_WITH_PROGRAMSTATE(NSErrorOut, ErrorOutFlag) 181 REGISTER_TRAIT_WITH_PROGRAMSTATE(CFErrorOut, ErrorOutFlag) 182 183 template <typename T> 184 static bool hasFlag(SVal val, ProgramStateRef state) { 185 if (SymbolRef sym = val.getAsSymbol()) 186 if (const unsigned *attachedFlags = state->get<T>(sym)) 187 return *attachedFlags; 188 return false; 189 } 190 191 template <typename T> 192 static void setFlag(ProgramStateRef state, SVal val, CheckerContext &C) { 193 // We tag the symbol that the SVal wraps. 194 if (SymbolRef sym = val.getAsSymbol()) 195 C.addTransition(state->set<T>(sym, true)); 196 } 197 198 static QualType parameterTypeFromSVal(SVal val, CheckerContext &C) { 199 const StackFrameContext * SFC = C.getStackFrame(); 200 if (Optional<loc::MemRegionVal> X = val.getAs<loc::MemRegionVal>()) { 201 const MemRegion* R = X->getRegion(); 202 if (const VarRegion *VR = R->getAs<VarRegion>()) 203 if (const StackArgumentsSpaceRegion * 204 stackReg = dyn_cast<StackArgumentsSpaceRegion>(VR->getMemorySpace())) 205 if (stackReg->getStackFrame() == SFC) 206 return VR->getValueType(); 207 } 208 209 return QualType(); 210 } 211 212 void NSOrCFErrorDerefChecker::checkLocation(SVal loc, bool isLoad, 213 const Stmt *S, 214 CheckerContext &C) const { 215 if (!isLoad) 216 return; 217 if (loc.isUndef() || !loc.getAs<Loc>()) 218 return; 219 220 ASTContext &Ctx = C.getASTContext(); 221 ProgramStateRef state = C.getState(); 222 223 // If we are loading from NSError**/CFErrorRef* parameter, mark the resulting 224 // SVal so that we can later check it when handling the 225 // ImplicitNullDerefEvent event. 226 // FIXME: Cumbersome! Maybe add hook at construction of SVals at start of 227 // function ? 228 229 QualType parmT = parameterTypeFromSVal(loc, C); 230 if (parmT.isNull()) 231 return; 232 233 if (!NSErrorII) 234 NSErrorII = &Ctx.Idents.get("NSError"); 235 if (!CFErrorII) 236 CFErrorII = &Ctx.Idents.get("CFErrorRef"); 237 238 if (ShouldCheckNSError && IsNSError(parmT, NSErrorII)) { 239 setFlag<NSErrorOut>(state, state->getSVal(loc.castAs<Loc>()), C); 240 return; 241 } 242 243 if (ShouldCheckCFError && IsCFError(parmT, CFErrorII)) { 244 setFlag<CFErrorOut>(state, state->getSVal(loc.castAs<Loc>()), C); 245 return; 246 } 247 } 248 249 void NSOrCFErrorDerefChecker::checkEvent(ImplicitNullDerefEvent event) const { 250 if (event.IsLoad) 251 return; 252 253 SVal loc = event.Location; 254 ProgramStateRef state = event.SinkNode->getState(); 255 BugReporter &BR = *event.BR; 256 257 bool isNSError = hasFlag<NSErrorOut>(loc, state); 258 bool isCFError = false; 259 if (!isNSError) 260 isCFError = hasFlag<CFErrorOut>(loc, state); 261 262 if (!(isNSError || isCFError)) 263 return; 264 265 // Storing to possible null NSError/CFErrorRef out parameter. 266 SmallString<128> Buf; 267 llvm::raw_svector_ostream os(Buf); 268 269 os << "Potential null dereference. According to coding standards "; 270 os << (isNSError 271 ? "in 'Creating and Returning NSError Objects' the parameter" 272 : "documented in CoreFoundation/CFError.h the parameter"); 273 274 os << " may be null"; 275 276 BugType *bug = nullptr; 277 if (isNSError) { 278 if (!NSBT) 279 NSBT.reset(new NSErrorDerefBug(NSErrorName)); 280 bug = NSBT.get(); 281 } 282 else { 283 if (!CFBT) 284 CFBT.reset(new CFErrorDerefBug(CFErrorName)); 285 bug = CFBT.get(); 286 } 287 BR.emitReport( 288 std::make_unique<PathSensitiveBugReport>(*bug, os.str(), event.SinkNode)); 289 } 290 291 static bool IsNSError(QualType T, IdentifierInfo *II) { 292 293 const PointerType* PPT = T->getAs<PointerType>(); 294 if (!PPT) 295 return false; 296 297 const ObjCObjectPointerType* PT = 298 PPT->getPointeeType()->getAs<ObjCObjectPointerType>(); 299 300 if (!PT) 301 return false; 302 303 const ObjCInterfaceDecl *ID = PT->getInterfaceDecl(); 304 305 // FIXME: Can ID ever be NULL? 306 if (ID) 307 return II == ID->getIdentifier(); 308 309 return false; 310 } 311 312 static bool IsCFError(QualType T, IdentifierInfo *II) { 313 const PointerType* PPT = T->getAs<PointerType>(); 314 if (!PPT) return false; 315 316 const TypedefType* TT = PPT->getPointeeType()->getAs<TypedefType>(); 317 if (!TT) return false; 318 319 return TT->getDecl()->getIdentifier() == II; 320 } 321 322 void ento::registerNSOrCFErrorDerefChecker(CheckerManager &mgr) { 323 mgr.registerChecker<NSOrCFErrorDerefChecker>(); 324 } 325 326 bool ento::shouldRegisterNSOrCFErrorDerefChecker(const CheckerManager &mgr) { 327 return true; 328 } 329 330 void ento::registerNSErrorChecker(CheckerManager &mgr) { 331 mgr.registerChecker<NSErrorMethodChecker>(); 332 NSOrCFErrorDerefChecker *checker = mgr.getChecker<NSOrCFErrorDerefChecker>(); 333 checker->ShouldCheckNSError = true; 334 checker->NSErrorName = mgr.getCurrentCheckerName(); 335 } 336 337 bool ento::shouldRegisterNSErrorChecker(const CheckerManager &mgr) { 338 return true; 339 } 340 341 void ento::registerCFErrorChecker(CheckerManager &mgr) { 342 mgr.registerChecker<CFErrorFunctionChecker>(); 343 NSOrCFErrorDerefChecker *checker = mgr.getChecker<NSOrCFErrorDerefChecker>(); 344 checker->ShouldCheckCFError = true; 345 checker->CFErrorName = mgr.getCurrentCheckerName(); 346 } 347 348 bool ento::shouldRegisterCFErrorChecker(const CheckerManager &mgr) { 349 return true; 350 } 351