xref: /freebsd/contrib/bc/include/parse.h (revision 81e0e7b9e36d6a25b3af6482811318e085537d2f)
1 /*
2  * *****************************************************************************
3  *
4  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
5  *
6  * Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
10  *
11  * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
12  *   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  *
14  * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
15  *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
16  *   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  *
18  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
19  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
20  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
21  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
22  * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
23  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
24  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
25  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
26  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
27  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
28  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
29  *
30  * *****************************************************************************
31  *
32  * Definitions for bc's parser.
33  *
34  */
35 
36 #ifndef BC_PARSE_H
37 #define BC_PARSE_H
38 
39 #include <limits.h>
40 #include <stdbool.h>
41 #include <stdint.h>
42 
43 #include <status.h>
44 #include <vector.h>
45 #include <lex.h>
46 #include <lang.h>
47 
48 // The following are flags that can be passed to @a BcParseExpr functions. They
49 // define the requirements that the parsed expression must meet to not have an
50 // error thrown.
51 
52 /// A flag that requires that the expression is valid for conditionals in for
53 /// loops, while loops, and if statements. This is because POSIX requires that
54 /// certain operators are *only* used in those cases. It's whacked, but that's
55 /// how it is.
56 #define BC_PARSE_REL (UINTMAX_C(1)<<0)
57 
58 /// A flag that requires that the expression is valid for a print statement.
59 #define BC_PARSE_PRINT (UINTMAX_C(1)<<1)
60 
61 /// A flag that requires that the expression does *not* have any function call.
62 #define BC_PARSE_NOCALL (UINTMAX_C(1)<<2)
63 
64 /// A flag that requires that the expression does *not* have a read() expression.
65 #define BC_PARSE_NOREAD (UINTMAX_C(1)<<3)
66 
67 /// A flag that *allows* (rather than requires) that an array appear in the
68 /// expression. This is mostly used as parameters in bc.
69 #define BC_PARSE_ARRAY (UINTMAX_C(1)<<4)
70 
71 /// A flag that requires that the expression is not empty and returns a value.
72 #define BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL (UINTMAX_C(1)<<5)
73 
74 /**
75  * Returns true if the parser has been initialized.
76  * @param p    The parser.
77  * @param prg  The program.
78  * @return     True if @a p has been initialized, false otherwise.
79  */
80 #define BC_PARSE_IS_INITED(p, prg) ((p)->prog == (prg))
81 
82 #if BC_ENABLED
83 
84 /**
85  * Returns true if the current parser state allows parsing, false otherwise.
86  * @param p  The parser.
87  * @return   True if parsing can proceed, false otherwise.
88  */
89 #define BC_PARSE_CAN_PARSE(p) \
90 	((p).l.t != BC_LEX_EOF && (p).l.t != BC_LEX_KW_DEFINE)
91 
92 #else // BC_ENABLED
93 
94 /**
95  * Returns true if the current parser state allows parsing, false otherwise.
96  * @param p  The parser.
97  * @return   True if parsing can proceed, false otherwise.
98  */
99 #define BC_PARSE_CAN_PARSE(p) ((p).l.t != BC_LEX_EOF)
100 
101 #endif // BC_ENABLED
102 
103 /**
104  * Pushes the instruction @a i onto the bytecode vector for the current
105  * function.
106  * @param p  The parser.
107  * @param i  The instruction to push onto the bytecode vector.
108  */
109 #define bc_parse_push(p, i) (bc_vec_pushByte(&(p)->func->code, (uchar) (i)))
110 
111 /**
112  * Pushes an index onto the bytecode vector. For more information, see
113  * @a bc_vec_pushIndex() in src/vector.c and @a bc_program_index() in
114  * src/program.c.
115  * @param p    The parser.
116  * @param idx  The index to push onto the bytecode vector.
117  */
118 #define bc_parse_pushIndex(p, idx) (bc_vec_pushIndex(&(p)->func->code, (idx)))
119 
120 /**
121  * A convenience macro for throwing errors in parse code. They take care of
122  * plumbing like passing in the current line the lexer is on.
123  * @param p  The parser.
124  * @param e  The error.
125  */
126 #define bc_parse_err(p, e) (bc_vm_handleError((e), (p)->l.line))
127 
128 /**
129  * A convenience macro for throwing errors in parse code. They take care of
130  * plumbing like passing in the current line the lexer is on.
131  * @param p    The parser.
132  * @param e    The error.
133  * @param ...  The varags that are needed.
134  */
135 #define bc_parse_verr(p, e, ...) \
136 	(bc_vm_handleError((e), (p)->l.line, __VA_ARGS__))
137 
138 // Forward declarations.
139 struct BcParse;
140 struct BcProgram;
141 
142 /**
143  * A function pointer to call when more parsing is needed.
144  * @param p  The parser.
145  */
146 typedef void (*BcParseParse)(struct BcParse* p);
147 
148 /**
149  * A function pointer to call when an expression needs to be parsed. This can
150  * happen for read() expressions or dc strings.
151  * @param p      The parser.
152  * @param flags  The flags for what is allowed or required. (See flags above.)
153  */
154 typedef void (*BcParseExpr)(struct BcParse* p, uint8_t flags);
155 
156 /// The parser struct.
157 typedef struct BcParse {
158 
159 	/// The lexer.
160 	BcLex l;
161 
162 #if BC_ENABLED
163 	/// The stack of flags for bc. (See comments in include/bc.h.) This stack is
164 	/// *required* to have one item at all times. Not maintaining that invariant
165 	/// will cause problems.
166 	BcVec flags;
167 
168 	/// The stack of exits. These are indices into the bytecode vector where
169 	/// blocks for loops and if statements end. Basically, these are the places
170 	/// to jump to when skipping code.
171 	BcVec exits;
172 
173 	/// The stack of conditionals. Unlike exits, which are indices to jump
174 	/// *forward* to, this is a vector of indices to jump *backward* to, usually
175 	/// to the conditional of a loop, hence the name.
176 	BcVec conds;
177 
178 	/// A stack of operators. When parsing expressions, the bc parser uses the
179 	/// Shunting-Yard algorithm, which requires a stack of operators. This can
180 	/// hold the stack for multiple expressions at once because the expressions
181 	/// stack as well. For more information, see the Expression Parsing section
182 	/// of the Development manual (manuals/development.md).
183 	BcVec ops;
184 
185 	/// A buffer to temporarily store a string in. This is because the lexer
186 	/// might generate a string as part of its work, and the parser needs that
187 	/// string, but it also needs the lexer to continue lexing, which might
188 	/// overwrite the string stored in the lexer. This buffer is for copying
189 	/// that string from the lexer to keep it safe.
190 	BcVec buf;
191 #endif // BC_ENABLED
192 
193 	/// A reference to the program to grab the current function when necessary.
194 	struct BcProgram *prog;
195 
196 	/// A reference to the current function. The function is what holds the
197 	/// bytecode vector that the parser is filling.
198 	BcFunc *func;
199 
200 	/// The index of the function.
201 	size_t fidx;
202 
203 #if BC_ENABLED
204 	/// True if the bc parser just entered a function and an auto statement
205 	/// would be valid.
206 	bool auto_part;
207 #endif // BC_ENABLED
208 
209 } BcParse;
210 
211 /**
212  * Initializes a parser.
213  * @param p     The parser to initialize.
214  * @param prog  A referenc to the program.
215  * @param func  The index of the current function.
216  */
217 void bc_parse_init(BcParse *p, struct BcProgram *prog, size_t func);
218 
219 /**
220  * Frees a parser. This is not guarded by #ifndef NDEBUG because a separate
221  * parser is created at runtime to parse read() expressions and dc strings.
222  * @param p  The parser to free.
223  */
224 void bc_parse_free(BcParse *p);
225 
226 /**
227  * Resets the parser. Resetting means erasing all state to the point that the
228  * parser would think it was just initialized.
229  * @param p  The parser to reset.
230  */
231 void bc_parse_reset(BcParse *p);
232 
233 /**
234  * Adds a string. See @a BcProgram in include/program.h for more details.
235  * @param p  The parser that parsed the string.
236  */
237 void bc_parse_addString(BcParse *p);
238 
239 /**
240  * Adds a number. See @a BcProgram in include/program.h for more details.
241  * @param p  The parser that parsed the number.
242  */
243 void bc_parse_number(BcParse *p);
244 
245 /**
246  * Update the current function in the parser.
247  * @param p     The parser.
248  * @param fidx  The index of the new function.
249  */
250 void bc_parse_updateFunc(BcParse *p, size_t fidx);
251 
252 /**
253  * Adds a new variable or array. See @a BcProgram in include/program.h for more
254  * details.
255  * @param p     The parser that parsed the variable or array name.
256  * @param name  The name of the variable or array to add.
257  * @param var   True if the name is for a variable, false if it's for an array.
258  */
259 void bc_parse_pushName(const BcParse* p, char *name, bool var);
260 
261 /**
262  * Sets the text that the parser will parse.
263  * @param p         The parser.
264  * @param text      The text to lex.
265  * @param is_stdin  True if the text is from stdin, false otherwise.
266  * @param is_exprs  True if the text is from command-line expressions, false
267  *                  otherwise.
268  */
269 void bc_parse_text(BcParse *p, const char *text, bool is_stdin, bool is_exprs);
270 
271 // References to const 0 and 1 strings for special cases. bc and dc have
272 // specific instructions for 0 and 1 because they pop up so often and (in the
273 // case of 1), increment/decrement operators.
274 extern const char bc_parse_zero[2];
275 extern const char bc_parse_one[2];
276 
277 #endif // BC_PARSE_H
278