xref: /freebsd/bin/sh/jobs.c (revision f5463265955b829775bbb32e1fd0bc11dafc36ce)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Kenneth Almquist.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18  *    without specific prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
34 #include <sys/param.h>
35 #include <sys/resource.h>
36 #include <sys/time.h>
37 #include <sys/wait.h>
38 #include <errno.h>
39 #include <fcntl.h>
40 #include <paths.h>
41 #include <signal.h>
42 #include <stddef.h>
43 #include <stdlib.h>
44 #include <unistd.h>
45 
46 #include "shell.h"
47 #if JOBS
48 #include <termios.h>
49 #undef CEOF			/* syntax.h redefines this */
50 #endif
51 #include "redir.h"
52 #include "exec.h"
53 #include "show.h"
54 #include "main.h"
55 #include "parser.h"
56 #include "nodes.h"
57 #include "jobs.h"
58 #include "options.h"
59 #include "trap.h"
60 #include "syntax.h"
61 #include "input.h"
62 #include "output.h"
63 #include "memalloc.h"
64 #include "error.h"
65 #include "mystring.h"
66 #include "var.h"
67 #include "builtins.h"
68 #include "eval.h"
69 
70 
71 /*
72  * A job structure contains information about a job.  A job is either a
73  * single process or a set of processes contained in a pipeline.  In the
74  * latter case, pidlist will be non-NULL, and will point to a -1 terminated
75  * array of pids.
76  */
77 
78 struct procstat {
79 	pid_t pid;		/* process id */
80 	int status;		/* status flags (defined above) */
81 	char *cmd;		/* text of command being run */
82 };
83 
84 
85 /* states */
86 #define JOBSTOPPED 1		/* all procs are stopped */
87 #define JOBDONE 2		/* all procs are completed */
88 
89 
90 struct job {
91 	struct procstat ps0;	/* status of process */
92 	struct procstat *ps;	/* status or processes when more than one */
93 	short nprocs;		/* number of processes */
94 	pid_t pgrp;		/* process group of this job */
95 	char state;		/* true if job is finished */
96 	char used;		/* true if this entry is in used */
97 	char changed;		/* true if status has changed */
98 	char foreground;	/* true if running in the foreground */
99 	char remembered;	/* true if $! referenced */
100 	char pipefail;		/* pass any non-zero status */
101 #if JOBS
102 	char jobctl;		/* job running under job control */
103 	struct job *next;	/* job used after this one */
104 #endif
105 };
106 
107 
108 static struct job *jobtab;	/* array of jobs */
109 static int njobs;		/* size of array */
110 static pid_t backgndpid = -1;	/* pid of last background process */
111 static struct job *bgjob = NULL; /* last background process */
112 #if JOBS
113 static struct job *jobmru;	/* most recently used job list */
114 static pid_t initialpgrp;	/* pgrp of shell on invocation */
115 #endif
116 static int ttyfd = -1;
117 
118 /* mode flags for dowait */
119 #define DOWAIT_BLOCK	0x1 /* wait until a child exits */
120 #define DOWAIT_SIG	0x2 /* if DOWAIT_BLOCK, abort on signal */
121 #define DOWAIT_SIG_TRAP	0x4 /* if DOWAIT_SIG, abort on trapped signal only */
122 
123 #if JOBS
124 static void restartjob(struct job *);
125 #endif
126 static void freejob(struct job *);
127 static int waitcmdloop(struct job *);
128 static struct job *getjob_nonotfound(const char *);
129 static struct job *getjob(const char *);
130 pid_t killjob(const char *, int);
131 static pid_t dowait(int, struct job *);
132 static void checkzombies(void);
133 static void cmdtxt(union node *);
134 static void cmdputs(const char *);
135 #if JOBS
136 static void setcurjob(struct job *);
137 static void deljob(struct job *);
138 static struct job *getcurjob(struct job *);
139 #endif
140 static int getjobstatus(const struct job *);
141 static void printjobcmd(struct job *);
142 static void showjob(struct job *, int);
143 
144 
145 /*
146  * Turn job control on and off.
147  */
148 
149 static int jobctl;
150 
151 #if JOBS
152 static void
153 jobctl_notty(void)
154 {
155 	if (ttyfd >= 0) {
156 		close(ttyfd);
157 		ttyfd = -1;
158 	}
159 	if (!iflag) {
160 		setsignal(SIGTSTP);
161 		setsignal(SIGTTOU);
162 		setsignal(SIGTTIN);
163 		jobctl = 1;
164 		return;
165 	}
166 	out2fmt_flush("sh: can't access tty; job control turned off\n");
167 	mflag = 0;
168 }
169 
170 void
171 setjobctl(int on)
172 {
173 	int i;
174 
175 	if (on == jobctl || rootshell == 0)
176 		return;
177 	if (on) {
178 		if (ttyfd != -1)
179 			close(ttyfd);
180 		if ((ttyfd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
181 			i = 0;
182 			while (i <= 2 && !isatty(i))
183 				i++;
184 			if (i > 2 ||
185 			    (ttyfd = fcntl(i, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 10)) < 0) {
186 				jobctl_notty();
187 				return;
188 			}
189 		}
190 		if (ttyfd < 10) {
191 			/*
192 			 * Keep our TTY file descriptor out of the way of
193 			 * the user's redirections.
194 			 */
195 			if ((i = fcntl(ttyfd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 10)) < 0) {
196 				jobctl_notty();
197 				return;
198 			}
199 			close(ttyfd);
200 			ttyfd = i;
201 		}
202 		do { /* while we are in the background */
203 			initialpgrp = tcgetpgrp(ttyfd);
204 			if (initialpgrp < 0) {
205 				jobctl_notty();
206 				return;
207 			}
208 			if (initialpgrp != getpgrp()) {
209 				if (!iflag) {
210 					initialpgrp = -1;
211 					jobctl_notty();
212 					return;
213 				}
214 				kill(0, SIGTTIN);
215 				continue;
216 			}
217 		} while (0);
218 		setsignal(SIGTSTP);
219 		setsignal(SIGTTOU);
220 		setsignal(SIGTTIN);
221 		setpgid(0, rootpid);
222 		tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, rootpid);
223 	} else { /* turning job control off */
224 		setpgid(0, initialpgrp);
225 		if (ttyfd >= 0) {
226 			tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, initialpgrp);
227 			close(ttyfd);
228 			ttyfd = -1;
229 		}
230 		setsignal(SIGTSTP);
231 		setsignal(SIGTTOU);
232 		setsignal(SIGTTIN);
233 	}
234 	jobctl = on;
235 }
236 #endif
237 
238 
239 #if JOBS
240 int
241 fgcmd(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)
242 {
243 	struct job *jp;
244 	pid_t pgrp;
245 	int status;
246 
247 	nextopt("");
248 	jp = getjob(*argptr);
249 	if (jp->jobctl == 0)
250 		error("job not created under job control");
251 	printjobcmd(jp);
252 	flushout(&output);
253 	pgrp = jp->ps[0].pid;
254 	if (ttyfd >= 0)
255 		tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, pgrp);
256 	restartjob(jp);
257 	jp->foreground = 1;
258 	INTOFF;
259 	status = waitforjob(jp, (int *)NULL);
260 	INTON;
261 	return status;
262 }
263 
264 
265 int
266 bgcmd(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)
267 {
268 	struct job *jp;
269 
270 	nextopt("");
271 	do {
272 		jp = getjob(*argptr);
273 		if (jp->jobctl == 0)
274 			error("job not created under job control");
275 		if (jp->state == JOBDONE)
276 			continue;
277 		restartjob(jp);
278 		jp->foreground = 0;
279 		out1fmt("[%td] ", jp - jobtab + 1);
280 		printjobcmd(jp);
281 	} while (*argptr != NULL && *++argptr != NULL);
282 	return 0;
283 }
284 
285 
286 static void
287 restartjob(struct job *jp)
288 {
289 	struct procstat *ps;
290 	int i;
291 
292 	if (jp->state == JOBDONE)
293 		return;
294 	setcurjob(jp);
295 	INTOFF;
296 	kill(-jp->ps[0].pid, SIGCONT);
297 	for (ps = jp->ps, i = jp->nprocs ; --i >= 0 ; ps++) {
298 		if (WIFSTOPPED(ps->status)) {
299 			ps->status = -1;
300 			jp->state = 0;
301 		}
302 	}
303 	INTON;
304 }
305 #endif
306 
307 
308 int
309 jobscmd(int argc __unused, char *argv[] __unused)
310 {
311 	char *id;
312 	int ch, mode;
313 
314 	mode = SHOWJOBS_DEFAULT;
315 	while ((ch = nextopt("lps")) != '\0') {
316 		switch (ch) {
317 		case 'l':
318 			mode = SHOWJOBS_VERBOSE;
319 			break;
320 		case 'p':
321 			mode = SHOWJOBS_PGIDS;
322 			break;
323 		case 's':
324 			mode = SHOWJOBS_PIDS;
325 			break;
326 		}
327 	}
328 
329 	if (*argptr == NULL)
330 		showjobs(0, mode);
331 	else
332 		while ((id = *argptr++) != NULL)
333 			showjob(getjob(id), mode);
334 
335 	return (0);
336 }
337 
338 static int getjobstatus(const struct job *jp)
339 {
340 	int i, status;
341 
342 	if (!jp->pipefail)
343 		return (jp->ps[jp->nprocs - 1].status);
344 	for (i = jp->nprocs - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
345 		status = jp->ps[i].status;
346 		if (status != 0)
347 			return (status);
348 	}
349 	return (0);
350 }
351 
352 static void
353 printjobcmd(struct job *jp)
354 {
355 	struct procstat *ps;
356 	int i;
357 
358 	for (ps = jp->ps, i = jp->nprocs ; --i >= 0 ; ps++) {
359 		out1str(ps->cmd);
360 		if (i > 0)
361 			out1str(" | ");
362 	}
363 	out1c('\n');
364 }
365 
366 static void
367 showjob(struct job *jp, int mode)
368 {
369 	char s[64];
370 	char statebuf[16];
371 	const char *statestr, *coredump;
372 	struct procstat *ps;
373 	struct job *j;
374 	int col, curr, i, jobno, prev, procno, status;
375 	char c;
376 
377 	procno = (mode == SHOWJOBS_PGIDS) ? 1 : jp->nprocs;
378 	jobno = jp - jobtab + 1;
379 	curr = prev = 0;
380 #if JOBS
381 	if ((j = getcurjob(NULL)) != NULL) {
382 		curr = j - jobtab + 1;
383 		if ((j = getcurjob(j)) != NULL)
384 			prev = j - jobtab + 1;
385 	}
386 #endif
387 	coredump = "";
388 	status = getjobstatus(jp);
389 	if (jp->state == 0) {
390 		statestr = "Running";
391 #if JOBS
392 	} else if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED) {
393 		ps = jp->ps + jp->nprocs - 1;
394 		while (!WIFSTOPPED(ps->status) && ps > jp->ps)
395 			ps--;
396 		if (WIFSTOPPED(ps->status))
397 			i = WSTOPSIG(ps->status);
398 		else
399 			i = -1;
400 		statestr = strsignal(i);
401 		if (statestr == NULL)
402 			statestr = "Suspended";
403 #endif
404 	} else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
405 		if (WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0)
406 			statestr = "Done";
407 		else {
408 			fmtstr(statebuf, sizeof(statebuf), "Done(%d)",
409 			    WEXITSTATUS(status));
410 			statestr = statebuf;
411 		}
412 	} else {
413 		i = WTERMSIG(status);
414 		statestr = strsignal(i);
415 		if (statestr == NULL)
416 			statestr = "Unknown signal";
417 		if (WCOREDUMP(status))
418 			coredump = " (core dumped)";
419 	}
420 
421 	for (ps = jp->ps ; procno > 0 ; ps++, procno--) { /* for each process */
422 		if (mode == SHOWJOBS_PIDS || mode == SHOWJOBS_PGIDS) {
423 			out1fmt("%d\n", (int)ps->pid);
424 			continue;
425 		}
426 		if (mode != SHOWJOBS_VERBOSE && ps != jp->ps)
427 			continue;
428 		if (jobno == curr && ps == jp->ps)
429 			c = '+';
430 		else if (jobno == prev && ps == jp->ps)
431 			c = '-';
432 		else
433 			c = ' ';
434 		if (ps == jp->ps)
435 			fmtstr(s, 64, "[%d] %c ", jobno, c);
436 		else
437 			fmtstr(s, 64, "    %c ", c);
438 		out1str(s);
439 		col = strlen(s);
440 		if (mode == SHOWJOBS_VERBOSE) {
441 			fmtstr(s, 64, "%d ", (int)ps->pid);
442 			out1str(s);
443 			col += strlen(s);
444 		}
445 		if (ps == jp->ps) {
446 			out1str(statestr);
447 			out1str(coredump);
448 			col += strlen(statestr) + strlen(coredump);
449 		}
450 		do {
451 			out1c(' ');
452 			col++;
453 		} while (col < 30);
454 		if (mode == SHOWJOBS_VERBOSE) {
455 			out1str(ps->cmd);
456 			out1c('\n');
457 		} else
458 			printjobcmd(jp);
459 	}
460 }
461 
462 /*
463  * Print a list of jobs.  If "change" is nonzero, only print jobs whose
464  * statuses have changed since the last call to showjobs.
465  *
466  * If the shell is interrupted in the process of creating a job, the
467  * result may be a job structure containing zero processes.  Such structures
468  * will be freed here.
469  */
470 
471 void
472 showjobs(int change, int mode)
473 {
474 	int jobno;
475 	struct job *jp;
476 
477 	TRACE(("showjobs(%d) called\n", change));
478 	checkzombies();
479 	for (jobno = 1, jp = jobtab ; jobno <= njobs ; jobno++, jp++) {
480 		if (! jp->used)
481 			continue;
482 		if (jp->nprocs == 0) {
483 			freejob(jp);
484 			continue;
485 		}
486 		if (change && ! jp->changed)
487 			continue;
488 		showjob(jp, mode);
489 		if (mode == SHOWJOBS_DEFAULT || mode == SHOWJOBS_VERBOSE) {
490 			jp->changed = 0;
491 			/* Hack: discard jobs for which $! has not been
492 			 * referenced in interactive mode when they terminate.
493 			 */
494 			if (jp->state == JOBDONE && !jp->remembered &&
495 					(iflag || jp != bgjob)) {
496 				freejob(jp);
497 			}
498 		}
499 	}
500 }
501 
502 
503 /*
504  * Mark a job structure as unused.
505  */
506 
507 static void
508 freejob(struct job *jp)
509 {
510 	struct procstat *ps;
511 	int i;
512 
513 	INTOFF;
514 	if (bgjob == jp)
515 		bgjob = NULL;
516 	for (i = jp->nprocs, ps = jp->ps ; --i >= 0 ; ps++) {
517 		if (ps->cmd != nullstr)
518 			ckfree(ps->cmd);
519 	}
520 	if (jp->ps != &jp->ps0)
521 		ckfree(jp->ps);
522 	jp->used = 0;
523 #if JOBS
524 	deljob(jp);
525 #endif
526 	INTON;
527 }
528 
529 
530 
531 int
532 waitcmd(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)
533 {
534 	struct job *job;
535 	int retval;
536 
537 	nextopt("");
538 	if (*argptr == NULL)
539 		return (waitcmdloop(NULL));
540 
541 	do {
542 		job = getjob_nonotfound(*argptr);
543 		if (job == NULL)
544 			retval = 127;
545 		else
546 			retval = waitcmdloop(job);
547 		argptr++;
548 	} while (*argptr != NULL);
549 
550 	return (retval);
551 }
552 
553 static int
554 waitcmdloop(struct job *job)
555 {
556 	int status, retval, sig;
557 	struct job *jp;
558 
559 	/*
560 	 * Loop until a process is terminated or stopped, or a SIGINT is
561 	 * received.
562 	 */
563 
564 	do {
565 		if (job != NULL) {
566 			if (job->state == JOBDONE) {
567 				status = getjobstatus(job);
568 				if (WIFEXITED(status))
569 					retval = WEXITSTATUS(status);
570 				else
571 					retval = WTERMSIG(status) + 128;
572 				if (! iflag || ! job->changed)
573 					freejob(job);
574 				else {
575 					job->remembered = 0;
576 					if (job == bgjob)
577 						bgjob = NULL;
578 				}
579 				return retval;
580 			}
581 		} else {
582 			if (njobs == 0)
583 				return 0;
584 			for (jp = jobtab ; jp < jobtab + njobs; jp++)
585 				if (jp->used && jp->state == JOBDONE) {
586 					if (! iflag || ! jp->changed)
587 						freejob(jp);
588 					else {
589 						jp->remembered = 0;
590 						if (jp == bgjob)
591 							bgjob = NULL;
592 					}
593 				}
594 			for (jp = jobtab ; ; jp++) {
595 				if (jp >= jobtab + njobs) {	/* no running procs */
596 					return 0;
597 				}
598 				if (jp->used && jp->state == 0)
599 					break;
600 			}
601 		}
602 	} while (dowait(DOWAIT_BLOCK | DOWAIT_SIG, (struct job *)NULL) != -1);
603 
604 	sig = pendingsig_waitcmd;
605 	pendingsig_waitcmd = 0;
606 	return sig + 128;
607 }
608 
609 
610 
611 int
612 jobidcmd(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)
613 {
614 	struct job *jp;
615 	int i;
616 
617 	nextopt("");
618 	jp = getjob(*argptr);
619 	for (i = 0 ; i < jp->nprocs ; ) {
620 		out1fmt("%d", (int)jp->ps[i].pid);
621 		out1c(++i < jp->nprocs? ' ' : '\n');
622 	}
623 	return 0;
624 }
625 
626 
627 
628 /*
629  * Convert a job name to a job structure.
630  */
631 
632 static struct job *
633 getjob_nonotfound(const char *name)
634 {
635 	int jobno;
636 	struct job *found, *jp;
637 	size_t namelen;
638 	pid_t pid;
639 	int i;
640 
641 	if (name == NULL) {
642 #if JOBS
643 		name = "%+";
644 #else
645 		error("No current job");
646 #endif
647 	}
648 	if (name[0] == '%') {
649 		if (is_digit(name[1])) {
650 			jobno = number(name + 1);
651 			if (jobno > 0 && jobno <= njobs
652 			 && jobtab[jobno - 1].used != 0)
653 				return &jobtab[jobno - 1];
654 #if JOBS
655 		} else if ((name[1] == '%' || name[1] == '+') &&
656 		    name[2] == '\0') {
657 			if ((jp = getcurjob(NULL)) == NULL)
658 				error("No current job");
659 			return (jp);
660 		} else if (name[1] == '-' && name[2] == '\0') {
661 			if ((jp = getcurjob(NULL)) == NULL ||
662 			    (jp = getcurjob(jp)) == NULL)
663 				error("No previous job");
664 			return (jp);
665 #endif
666 		} else if (name[1] == '?') {
667 			found = NULL;
668 			for (jp = jobtab, i = njobs ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
669 				if (jp->used && jp->nprocs > 0
670 				 && strstr(jp->ps[0].cmd, name + 2) != NULL) {
671 					if (found)
672 						error("%s: ambiguous", name);
673 					found = jp;
674 				}
675 			}
676 			if (found != NULL)
677 				return (found);
678 		} else {
679 			namelen = strlen(name);
680 			found = NULL;
681 			for (jp = jobtab, i = njobs ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
682 				if (jp->used && jp->nprocs > 0
683 				 && strncmp(jp->ps[0].cmd, name + 1,
684 				 namelen - 1) == 0) {
685 					if (found)
686 						error("%s: ambiguous", name);
687 					found = jp;
688 				}
689 			}
690 			if (found)
691 				return found;
692 		}
693 	} else if (is_number(name)) {
694 		pid = (pid_t)number(name);
695 		for (jp = jobtab, i = njobs ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
696 			if (jp->used && jp->nprocs > 0
697 			 && jp->ps[jp->nprocs - 1].pid == pid)
698 				return jp;
699 		}
700 	}
701 	return NULL;
702 }
703 
704 
705 static struct job *
706 getjob(const char *name)
707 {
708 	struct job *jp;
709 
710 	jp = getjob_nonotfound(name);
711 	if (jp == NULL)
712 		error("No such job: %s", name);
713 	return (jp);
714 }
715 
716 
717 int
718 killjob(const char *name, int sig)
719 {
720 	struct job *jp;
721 	int i, ret;
722 
723 	jp = getjob(name);
724 	if (jp->state == JOBDONE)
725 		return 0;
726 	if (jp->jobctl)
727 		return kill(-jp->ps[0].pid, sig);
728 	ret = -1;
729 	errno = ESRCH;
730 	for (i = 0; i < jp->nprocs; i++)
731 		if (jp->ps[i].status == -1 || WIFSTOPPED(jp->ps[i].status)) {
732 			if (kill(jp->ps[i].pid, sig) == 0)
733 				ret = 0;
734 		} else
735 			ret = 0;
736 	return ret;
737 }
738 
739 /*
740  * Return a new job structure,
741  */
742 
743 struct job *
744 makejob(union node *node __unused, int nprocs)
745 {
746 	int i;
747 	struct job *jp;
748 
749 	for (i = njobs, jp = jobtab ; ; jp++) {
750 		if (--i < 0) {
751 			INTOFF;
752 			if (njobs == 0) {
753 				jobtab = ckmalloc(4 * sizeof jobtab[0]);
754 #if JOBS
755 				jobmru = NULL;
756 #endif
757 			} else {
758 				jp = ckmalloc((njobs + 4) * sizeof jobtab[0]);
759 				memcpy(jp, jobtab, njobs * sizeof jp[0]);
760 #if JOBS
761 				/* Relocate `next' pointers and list head */
762 				if (jobmru != NULL)
763 					jobmru = &jp[jobmru - jobtab];
764 				for (i = 0; i < njobs; i++)
765 					if (jp[i].next != NULL)
766 						jp[i].next = &jp[jp[i].next -
767 						    jobtab];
768 #endif
769 				if (bgjob != NULL)
770 					bgjob = &jp[bgjob - jobtab];
771 				/* Relocate `ps' pointers */
772 				for (i = 0; i < njobs; i++)
773 					if (jp[i].ps == &jobtab[i].ps0)
774 						jp[i].ps = &jp[i].ps0;
775 				ckfree(jobtab);
776 				jobtab = jp;
777 			}
778 			jp = jobtab + njobs;
779 			for (i = 4 ; --i >= 0 ; jobtab[njobs++].used = 0)
780 				;
781 			INTON;
782 			break;
783 		}
784 		if (jp->used == 0)
785 			break;
786 	}
787 	INTOFF;
788 	jp->state = 0;
789 	jp->used = 1;
790 	jp->changed = 0;
791 	jp->nprocs = 0;
792 	jp->foreground = 0;
793 	jp->remembered = 0;
794 	jp->pipefail = pipefailflag;
795 #if JOBS
796 	jp->jobctl = jobctl;
797 	jp->next = NULL;
798 #endif
799 	if (nprocs > 1) {
800 		jp->ps = ckmalloc(nprocs * sizeof (struct procstat));
801 	} else {
802 		jp->ps = &jp->ps0;
803 	}
804 	INTON;
805 	TRACE(("makejob(%p, %d) returns %%%td\n", (void *)node, nprocs,
806 	    jp - jobtab + 1));
807 	return jp;
808 }
809 
810 #if JOBS
811 static void
812 setcurjob(struct job *cj)
813 {
814 	struct job *jp, *prev;
815 
816 	for (prev = NULL, jp = jobmru; jp != NULL; prev = jp, jp = jp->next) {
817 		if (jp == cj) {
818 			if (prev != NULL)
819 				prev->next = jp->next;
820 			else
821 				jobmru = jp->next;
822 			jp->next = jobmru;
823 			jobmru = cj;
824 			return;
825 		}
826 	}
827 	cj->next = jobmru;
828 	jobmru = cj;
829 }
830 
831 static void
832 deljob(struct job *j)
833 {
834 	struct job *jp, *prev;
835 
836 	for (prev = NULL, jp = jobmru; jp != NULL; prev = jp, jp = jp->next) {
837 		if (jp == j) {
838 			if (prev != NULL)
839 				prev->next = jp->next;
840 			else
841 				jobmru = jp->next;
842 			return;
843 		}
844 	}
845 }
846 
847 /*
848  * Return the most recently used job that isn't `nj', and preferably one
849  * that is stopped.
850  */
851 static struct job *
852 getcurjob(struct job *nj)
853 {
854 	struct job *jp;
855 
856 	/* Try to find a stopped one.. */
857 	for (jp = jobmru; jp != NULL; jp = jp->next)
858 		if (jp->used && jp != nj && jp->state == JOBSTOPPED)
859 			return (jp);
860 	/* Otherwise the most recently used job that isn't `nj' */
861 	for (jp = jobmru; jp != NULL; jp = jp->next)
862 		if (jp->used && jp != nj)
863 			return (jp);
864 
865 	return (NULL);
866 }
867 
868 #endif
869 
870 /*
871  * Fork of a subshell.  If we are doing job control, give the subshell its
872  * own process group.  Jp is a job structure that the job is to be added to.
873  * N is the command that will be evaluated by the child.  Both jp and n may
874  * be NULL.  The mode parameter can be one of the following:
875  *	FORK_FG - Fork off a foreground process.
876  *	FORK_BG - Fork off a background process.
877  *	FORK_NOJOB - Like FORK_FG, but don't give the process its own
878  *		     process group even if job control is on.
879  *
880  * When job control is turned off, background processes have their standard
881  * input redirected to /dev/null (except for the second and later processes
882  * in a pipeline).
883  */
884 
885 pid_t
886 forkshell(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode)
887 {
888 	pid_t pid;
889 	pid_t pgrp;
890 
891 	TRACE(("forkshell(%%%td, %p, %d) called\n", jp - jobtab, (void *)n,
892 	    mode));
893 	INTOFF;
894 	if (mode == FORK_BG && (jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0))
895 		checkzombies();
896 	flushall();
897 	pid = fork();
898 	if (pid == -1) {
899 		TRACE(("Fork failed, errno=%d\n", errno));
900 		INTON;
901 		error("Cannot fork: %s", strerror(errno));
902 	}
903 	if (pid == 0) {
904 		struct job *p;
905 		int wasroot;
906 		int i;
907 
908 		TRACE(("Child shell %d\n", (int)getpid()));
909 		wasroot = rootshell;
910 		rootshell = 0;
911 		handler = &main_handler;
912 		closescript();
913 		INTON;
914 		forcelocal = 0;
915 		clear_traps();
916 #if JOBS
917 		jobctl = 0;		/* do job control only in root shell */
918 		if (wasroot && mode != FORK_NOJOB && mflag) {
919 			if (jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0)
920 				pgrp = getpid();
921 			else
922 				pgrp = jp->ps[0].pid;
923 			if (setpgid(0, pgrp) == 0 && mode == FORK_FG &&
924 			    ttyfd >= 0) {
925 				/*
926 				 * Each process in a pipeline must have the tty
927 				 * pgrp set before running its code.
928 				 * Only for pipelines of three or more processes
929 				 * could this be reduced to two calls.
930 				 */
931 				if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, pgrp) < 0)
932 					error("tcsetpgrp failed, errno=%d", errno);
933 			}
934 			setsignal(SIGTSTP);
935 			setsignal(SIGTTOU);
936 		} else if (mode == FORK_BG) {
937 			ignoresig(SIGINT);
938 			ignoresig(SIGQUIT);
939 			if ((jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0) &&
940 			    ! fd0_redirected_p ()) {
941 				close(0);
942 				if (open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY) != 0)
943 					error("cannot open %s: %s",
944 					    _PATH_DEVNULL, strerror(errno));
945 			}
946 		}
947 #else
948 		if (mode == FORK_BG) {
949 			ignoresig(SIGINT);
950 			ignoresig(SIGQUIT);
951 			if ((jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0) &&
952 			    ! fd0_redirected_p ()) {
953 				close(0);
954 				if (open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY) != 0)
955 					error("cannot open %s: %s",
956 					    _PATH_DEVNULL, strerror(errno));
957 			}
958 		}
959 #endif
960 		INTOFF;
961 		for (i = njobs, p = jobtab ; --i >= 0 ; p++)
962 			if (p->used)
963 				freejob(p);
964 		INTON;
965 		if (wasroot && iflag) {
966 			setsignal(SIGINT);
967 			setsignal(SIGQUIT);
968 			setsignal(SIGTERM);
969 		}
970 		return pid;
971 	}
972 	if (rootshell && mode != FORK_NOJOB && mflag) {
973 		if (jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0)
974 			pgrp = pid;
975 		else
976 			pgrp = jp->ps[0].pid;
977 		setpgid(pid, pgrp);
978 	}
979 	if (mode == FORK_BG) {
980 		if (bgjob != NULL && bgjob->state == JOBDONE &&
981 		    !bgjob->remembered && !iflag)
982 			freejob(bgjob);
983 		backgndpid = pid;		/* set $! */
984 		bgjob = jp;
985 	}
986 	if (jp) {
987 		struct procstat *ps = &jp->ps[jp->nprocs++];
988 		ps->pid = pid;
989 		ps->status = -1;
990 		ps->cmd = nullstr;
991 		if (iflag && rootshell && n)
992 			ps->cmd = commandtext(n);
993 		jp->foreground = mode == FORK_FG;
994 #if JOBS
995 		setcurjob(jp);
996 #endif
997 	}
998 	INTON;
999 	TRACE(("In parent shell:  child = %d\n", (int)pid));
1000 	return pid;
1001 }
1002 
1003 
1004 pid_t
1005 vforkexecshell(struct job *jp, char **argv, char **envp, const char *path, int idx, int pip[2])
1006 {
1007 	pid_t pid;
1008 	struct jmploc jmploc;
1009 	struct jmploc *savehandler;
1010 	int inton;
1011 
1012 	TRACE(("vforkexecshell(%%%td, %s, %p) called\n", jp - jobtab, argv[0],
1013 	    (void *)pip));
1014 	inton = is_int_on();
1015 	INTOFF;
1016 	flushall();
1017 	savehandler = handler;
1018 	pid = vfork();
1019 	if (pid == -1) {
1020 		TRACE(("Vfork failed, errno=%d\n", errno));
1021 		INTON;
1022 		error("Cannot fork: %s", strerror(errno));
1023 	}
1024 	if (pid == 0) {
1025 		TRACE(("Child shell %d\n", (int)getpid()));
1026 		if (setjmp(jmploc.loc))
1027 			_exit(exitstatus);
1028 		if (pip != NULL) {
1029 			close(pip[0]);
1030 			if (pip[1] != 1) {
1031 				dup2(pip[1], 1);
1032 				close(pip[1]);
1033 			}
1034 		}
1035 		handler = &jmploc;
1036 		shellexec(argv, envp, path, idx);
1037 	}
1038 	handler = savehandler;
1039 	if (jp) {
1040 		struct procstat *ps = &jp->ps[jp->nprocs++];
1041 		ps->pid = pid;
1042 		ps->status = -1;
1043 		ps->cmd = nullstr;
1044 		jp->foreground = 1;
1045 #if JOBS
1046 		setcurjob(jp);
1047 #endif
1048 	}
1049 	SETINTON(inton);
1050 	TRACE(("In parent shell:  child = %d\n", (int)pid));
1051 	return pid;
1052 }
1053 
1054 
1055 /*
1056  * Wait for job to finish.
1057  *
1058  * Under job control we have the problem that while a child process is
1059  * running interrupts generated by the user are sent to the child but not
1060  * to the shell.  This means that an infinite loop started by an inter-
1061  * active user may be hard to kill.  With job control turned off, an
1062  * interactive user may place an interactive program inside a loop.  If
1063  * the interactive program catches interrupts, the user doesn't want
1064  * these interrupts to also abort the loop.  The approach we take here
1065  * is to have the shell ignore interrupt signals while waiting for a
1066  * foreground process to terminate, and then send itself an interrupt
1067  * signal if the child process was terminated by an interrupt signal.
1068  * Unfortunately, some programs want to do a bit of cleanup and then
1069  * exit on interrupt; unless these processes terminate themselves by
1070  * sending a signal to themselves (instead of calling exit) they will
1071  * confuse this approach.
1072  */
1073 
1074 int
1075 waitforjob(struct job *jp, int *signaled)
1076 {
1077 #if JOBS
1078 	int propagate_int = jp->jobctl && jp->foreground;
1079 #endif
1080 	int status;
1081 	int st;
1082 
1083 	INTOFF;
1084 	TRACE(("waitforjob(%%%td) called\n", jp - jobtab + 1));
1085 	while (jp->state == 0)
1086 		if (dowait(DOWAIT_BLOCK | (Tflag ? DOWAIT_SIG |
1087 		    DOWAIT_SIG_TRAP : 0), jp) == -1)
1088 			dotrap();
1089 #if JOBS
1090 	if (jp->jobctl) {
1091 		if (ttyfd >= 0 && tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, rootpid) < 0)
1092 			error("tcsetpgrp failed, errno=%d\n", errno);
1093 	}
1094 	if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED)
1095 		setcurjob(jp);
1096 #endif
1097 	status = getjobstatus(jp);
1098 	if (signaled != NULL)
1099 		*signaled = WIFSIGNALED(status);
1100 	/* convert to 8 bits */
1101 	if (WIFEXITED(status))
1102 		st = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1103 #if JOBS
1104 	else if (WIFSTOPPED(status))
1105 		st = WSTOPSIG(status) + 128;
1106 #endif
1107 	else
1108 		st = WTERMSIG(status) + 128;
1109 	if (! JOBS || jp->state == JOBDONE)
1110 		freejob(jp);
1111 	if (int_pending()) {
1112 		if (!WIFSIGNALED(status) || WTERMSIG(status) != SIGINT)
1113 			CLEAR_PENDING_INT;
1114 	}
1115 #if JOBS
1116 	else if (rootshell && propagate_int &&
1117 			WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGINT)
1118 		kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
1119 #endif
1120 	INTON;
1121 	return st;
1122 }
1123 
1124 
1125 static void
1126 dummy_handler(int sig __unused)
1127 {
1128 }
1129 
1130 /*
1131  * Wait for a process to terminate.
1132  */
1133 
1134 static pid_t
1135 dowait(int mode, struct job *job)
1136 {
1137 	struct sigaction sa, osa;
1138 	sigset_t mask, omask;
1139 	pid_t pid;
1140 	int status;
1141 	struct procstat *sp;
1142 	struct job *jp;
1143 	struct job *thisjob;
1144 	const char *sigstr;
1145 	int done;
1146 	int stopped;
1147 	int sig;
1148 	int coredump;
1149 	int wflags;
1150 	int restore_sigchld;
1151 
1152 	TRACE(("dowait(%d, %p) called\n", mode, job));
1153 	restore_sigchld = 0;
1154 	if ((mode & DOWAIT_SIG) != 0) {
1155 		sigfillset(&mask);
1156 		sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &omask);
1157 		INTOFF;
1158 		if (!issigchldtrapped()) {
1159 			restore_sigchld = 1;
1160 			sa.sa_handler = dummy_handler;
1161 			sa.sa_flags = 0;
1162 			sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1163 			sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, &osa);
1164 		}
1165 	}
1166 	do {
1167 #if JOBS
1168 		if (iflag)
1169 			wflags = WUNTRACED | WCONTINUED;
1170 		else
1171 #endif
1172 			wflags = 0;
1173 		if ((mode & (DOWAIT_BLOCK | DOWAIT_SIG)) != DOWAIT_BLOCK)
1174 			wflags |= WNOHANG;
1175 		pid = wait3(&status, wflags, (struct rusage *)NULL);
1176 		TRACE(("wait returns %d, status=%d\n", (int)pid, status));
1177 		if (pid == 0 && (mode & DOWAIT_SIG) != 0) {
1178 			pid = -1;
1179 			if (((mode & DOWAIT_SIG_TRAP) != 0 ?
1180 			    pendingsig : pendingsig_waitcmd) != 0) {
1181 				errno = EINTR;
1182 				break;
1183 			}
1184 			sigsuspend(&omask);
1185 			if (int_pending())
1186 				break;
1187 		}
1188 	} while (pid == -1 && errno == EINTR);
1189 	if (pid == -1 && errno == ECHILD && job != NULL)
1190 		job->state = JOBDONE;
1191 	if ((mode & DOWAIT_SIG) != 0) {
1192 		if (restore_sigchld)
1193 			sigaction(SIGCHLD, &osa, NULL);
1194 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
1195 		INTON;
1196 	}
1197 	if (pid <= 0)
1198 		return pid;
1199 	INTOFF;
1200 	thisjob = NULL;
1201 	for (jp = jobtab ; jp < jobtab + njobs ; jp++) {
1202 		if (jp->used && jp->nprocs > 0) {
1203 			done = 1;
1204 			stopped = 1;
1205 			for (sp = jp->ps ; sp < jp->ps + jp->nprocs ; sp++) {
1206 				if (sp->pid == -1)
1207 					continue;
1208 				if (sp->pid == pid && (sp->status == -1 ||
1209 				    WIFSTOPPED(sp->status))) {
1210 					TRACE(("Changing status of proc %d from 0x%x to 0x%x\n",
1211 						   (int)pid, sp->status,
1212 						   status));
1213 					if (WIFCONTINUED(status)) {
1214 						sp->status = -1;
1215 						jp->state = 0;
1216 					} else
1217 						sp->status = status;
1218 					thisjob = jp;
1219 				}
1220 				if (sp->status == -1)
1221 					stopped = 0;
1222 				else if (WIFSTOPPED(sp->status))
1223 					done = 0;
1224 			}
1225 			if (stopped) {		/* stopped or done */
1226 				int state = done? JOBDONE : JOBSTOPPED;
1227 				if (jp->state != state) {
1228 					TRACE(("Job %td: changing state from %d to %d\n", jp - jobtab + 1, jp->state, state));
1229 					jp->state = state;
1230 					if (jp != job) {
1231 						if (done && !jp->remembered &&
1232 						    !iflag && jp != bgjob)
1233 							freejob(jp);
1234 #if JOBS
1235 						else if (done)
1236 							deljob(jp);
1237 #endif
1238 					}
1239 				}
1240 			}
1241 		}
1242 	}
1243 	INTON;
1244 	if (!thisjob || thisjob->state == 0)
1245 		;
1246 	else if ((!rootshell || !iflag || thisjob == job) &&
1247 	    thisjob->foreground && thisjob->state != JOBSTOPPED) {
1248 		sig = 0;
1249 		coredump = 0;
1250 		for (sp = thisjob->ps; sp < thisjob->ps + thisjob->nprocs; sp++)
1251 			if (WIFSIGNALED(sp->status)) {
1252 				sig = WTERMSIG(sp->status);
1253 				coredump = WCOREDUMP(sp->status);
1254 			}
1255 		if (sig > 0 && sig != SIGINT && sig != SIGPIPE) {
1256 			sigstr = strsignal(sig);
1257 			if (sigstr != NULL)
1258 				out2str(sigstr);
1259 			else
1260 				out2str("Unknown signal");
1261 			if (coredump)
1262 				out2str(" (core dumped)");
1263 			out2c('\n');
1264 			flushout(out2);
1265 		}
1266 	} else {
1267 		TRACE(("Not printing status, rootshell=%d, job=%p\n", rootshell, job));
1268 		thisjob->changed = 1;
1269 	}
1270 	return pid;
1271 }
1272 
1273 
1274 
1275 /*
1276  * return 1 if there are stopped jobs, otherwise 0
1277  */
1278 int job_warning = 0;
1279 int
1280 stoppedjobs(void)
1281 {
1282 	int jobno;
1283 	struct job *jp;
1284 
1285 	if (job_warning)
1286 		return (0);
1287 	for (jobno = 1, jp = jobtab; jobno <= njobs; jobno++, jp++) {
1288 		if (jp->used == 0)
1289 			continue;
1290 		if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED) {
1291 			out2fmt_flush("You have stopped jobs.\n");
1292 			job_warning = 2;
1293 			return (1);
1294 		}
1295 	}
1296 
1297 	return (0);
1298 }
1299 
1300 
1301 static void
1302 checkzombies(void)
1303 {
1304 	while (njobs > 0 && dowait(0, NULL) > 0)
1305 		;
1306 }
1307 
1308 
1309 int
1310 backgndpidset(void)
1311 {
1312 	return backgndpid != -1;
1313 }
1314 
1315 
1316 pid_t
1317 backgndpidval(void)
1318 {
1319 	if (bgjob != NULL && !forcelocal)
1320 		bgjob->remembered = 1;
1321 	return backgndpid;
1322 }
1323 
1324 /*
1325  * Return a string identifying a command (to be printed by the
1326  * jobs command.
1327  */
1328 
1329 static char *cmdnextc;
1330 static int cmdnleft;
1331 #define MAXCMDTEXT	200
1332 
1333 char *
1334 commandtext(union node *n)
1335 {
1336 	char *name;
1337 
1338 	cmdnextc = name = ckmalloc(MAXCMDTEXT);
1339 	cmdnleft = MAXCMDTEXT - 4;
1340 	cmdtxt(n);
1341 	*cmdnextc = '\0';
1342 	return name;
1343 }
1344 
1345 
1346 static void
1347 cmdtxtdogroup(union node *n)
1348 {
1349 	cmdputs("; do ");
1350 	cmdtxt(n);
1351 	cmdputs("; done");
1352 }
1353 
1354 
1355 static void
1356 cmdtxtredir(union node *n, const char *op, int deffd)
1357 {
1358 	char s[2];
1359 
1360 	if (n->nfile.fd != deffd) {
1361 		s[0] = n->nfile.fd + '0';
1362 		s[1] = '\0';
1363 		cmdputs(s);
1364 	}
1365 	cmdputs(op);
1366 	if (n->type == NTOFD || n->type == NFROMFD) {
1367 		if (n->ndup.dupfd >= 0)
1368 			s[0] = n->ndup.dupfd + '0';
1369 		else
1370 			s[0] = '-';
1371 		s[1] = '\0';
1372 		cmdputs(s);
1373 	} else {
1374 		cmdtxt(n->nfile.fname);
1375 	}
1376 }
1377 
1378 
1379 static void
1380 cmdtxt(union node *n)
1381 {
1382 	union node *np;
1383 	struct nodelist *lp;
1384 
1385 	if (n == NULL)
1386 		return;
1387 	switch (n->type) {
1388 	case NSEMI:
1389 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1390 		cmdputs("; ");
1391 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1392 		break;
1393 	case NAND:
1394 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1395 		cmdputs(" && ");
1396 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1397 		break;
1398 	case NOR:
1399 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1400 		cmdputs(" || ");
1401 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1402 		break;
1403 	case NPIPE:
1404 		for (lp = n->npipe.cmdlist ; lp ; lp = lp->next) {
1405 			cmdtxt(lp->n);
1406 			if (lp->next)
1407 				cmdputs(" | ");
1408 		}
1409 		break;
1410 	case NSUBSHELL:
1411 		cmdputs("(");
1412 		cmdtxt(n->nredir.n);
1413 		cmdputs(")");
1414 		break;
1415 	case NREDIR:
1416 	case NBACKGND:
1417 		cmdtxt(n->nredir.n);
1418 		break;
1419 	case NIF:
1420 		cmdputs("if ");
1421 		cmdtxt(n->nif.test);
1422 		cmdputs("; then ");
1423 		cmdtxt(n->nif.ifpart);
1424 		cmdputs("...");
1425 		break;
1426 	case NWHILE:
1427 		cmdputs("while ");
1428 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1429 		cmdtxtdogroup(n->nbinary.ch2);
1430 		break;
1431 	case NUNTIL:
1432 		cmdputs("until ");
1433 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1434 		cmdtxtdogroup(n->nbinary.ch2);
1435 		break;
1436 	case NFOR:
1437 		cmdputs("for ");
1438 		cmdputs(n->nfor.var);
1439 		cmdputs(" in ...");
1440 		break;
1441 	case NCASE:
1442 		cmdputs("case ");
1443 		cmdputs(n->ncase.expr->narg.text);
1444 		cmdputs(" in ...");
1445 		break;
1446 	case NDEFUN:
1447 		cmdputs(n->narg.text);
1448 		cmdputs("() ...");
1449 		break;
1450 	case NNOT:
1451 		cmdputs("! ");
1452 		cmdtxt(n->nnot.com);
1453 		break;
1454 	case NCMD:
1455 		for (np = n->ncmd.args ; np ; np = np->narg.next) {
1456 			cmdtxt(np);
1457 			if (np->narg.next)
1458 				cmdputs(" ");
1459 		}
1460 		for (np = n->ncmd.redirect ; np ; np = np->nfile.next) {
1461 			cmdputs(" ");
1462 			cmdtxt(np);
1463 		}
1464 		break;
1465 	case NARG:
1466 		cmdputs(n->narg.text);
1467 		break;
1468 	case NTO:
1469 		cmdtxtredir(n, ">", 1);
1470 		break;
1471 	case NAPPEND:
1472 		cmdtxtredir(n, ">>", 1);
1473 		break;
1474 	case NTOFD:
1475 		cmdtxtredir(n, ">&", 1);
1476 		break;
1477 	case NCLOBBER:
1478 		cmdtxtredir(n, ">|", 1);
1479 		break;
1480 	case NFROM:
1481 		cmdtxtredir(n, "<", 0);
1482 		break;
1483 	case NFROMTO:
1484 		cmdtxtredir(n, "<>", 0);
1485 		break;
1486 	case NFROMFD:
1487 		cmdtxtredir(n, "<&", 0);
1488 		break;
1489 	case NHERE:
1490 	case NXHERE:
1491 		cmdputs("<<...");
1492 		break;
1493 	default:
1494 		cmdputs("???");
1495 		break;
1496 	}
1497 }
1498 
1499 
1500 
1501 static void
1502 cmdputs(const char *s)
1503 {
1504 	const char *p;
1505 	char *q;
1506 	char c;
1507 	int subtype = 0;
1508 
1509 	if (cmdnleft <= 0)
1510 		return;
1511 	p = s;
1512 	q = cmdnextc;
1513 	while ((c = *p++) != '\0') {
1514 		if (c == CTLESC)
1515 			*q++ = *p++;
1516 		else if (c == CTLVAR) {
1517 			*q++ = '$';
1518 			if (--cmdnleft > 0)
1519 				*q++ = '{';
1520 			subtype = *p++;
1521 			if ((subtype & VSTYPE) == VSLENGTH && --cmdnleft > 0)
1522 				*q++ = '#';
1523 		} else if (c == '=' && subtype != 0) {
1524 			*q = "}-+?=##%%\0X"[(subtype & VSTYPE) - VSNORMAL];
1525 			if (*q)
1526 				q++;
1527 			else
1528 				cmdnleft++;
1529 			if (((subtype & VSTYPE) == VSTRIMLEFTMAX ||
1530 			    (subtype & VSTYPE) == VSTRIMRIGHTMAX) &&
1531 			    --cmdnleft > 0)
1532 				*q = q[-1], q++;
1533 			subtype = 0;
1534 		} else if (c == CTLENDVAR) {
1535 			*q++ = '}';
1536 		} else if (c == CTLBACKQ || c == CTLBACKQ+CTLQUOTE) {
1537 			cmdnleft -= 5;
1538 			if (cmdnleft > 0) {
1539 				*q++ = '$';
1540 				*q++ = '(';
1541 				*q++ = '.';
1542 				*q++ = '.';
1543 				*q++ = '.';
1544 				*q++ = ')';
1545 			}
1546 		} else if (c == CTLARI) {
1547 			cmdnleft -= 2;
1548 			if (cmdnleft > 0) {
1549 				*q++ = '$';
1550 				*q++ = '(';
1551 				*q++ = '(';
1552 			}
1553 			p++;
1554 		} else if (c == CTLENDARI) {
1555 			if (--cmdnleft > 0) {
1556 				*q++ = ')';
1557 				*q++ = ')';
1558 			}
1559 		} else if (c == CTLQUOTEMARK || c == CTLQUOTEEND)
1560 			cmdnleft++; /* ignore */
1561 		else
1562 			*q++ = c;
1563 		if (--cmdnleft <= 0) {
1564 			*q++ = '.';
1565 			*q++ = '.';
1566 			*q++ = '.';
1567 			break;
1568 		}
1569 	}
1570 	cmdnextc = q;
1571 }
1572