$ libshell message catalog
$translation msgcc 2025-07-30
$set 3
$quote "
1 "[varname seconds]"
2 "alias - define or display aliases"
3 "\balias\b creates or redefines alias definitions or writes the existing alias definitions to standard output.  An alias definitions provides a string value that will replace a command name when the command is read.  Alias names can contain any printable character which is not special to the shell.  If an alias value ends in a space or tab, then the word following the command name the alias replaces is also checked to see whether it is an alias."
4 "If no \aname\as are specified then the names and values of all aliases are written to standard output.  Otherwise, for each \aname\a that is specified, and \b=\b\avalue\a  is not specified, the current value of the alias corresponding to \aname\a is written to standard output.  If \b=\b\avalue\a is specified, the alias \aname\a will be created or redefined."
5 "\balias\b is built-in to the shell as a declaration command so that field splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the arguments.  Tilde expansion occurs on \avalue\a.  An alias definition only affects scripts read by the current shell environment.  It does not effect scripts run by this shell."
6 "Causes the output to be in the form of alias commands that can be used as input to the shell to recreate the current aliases."
7 "Used for tracked aliases.  These are aliases that connect a command name to the pathname of the command and are reset when the \bPATH\b variable is unset.  The tracked aliases feature is now obsolete."
8 "Ignored, this option is obsolete."
9 "[name[=value]...]"
10 "Successful completion."
11 "One or more \aname\a operands did not have an alias definition, or an error occurred."
12 "\bsh\b(1), \bunalias\b(1)"
13 "bg - resume jobs in the background"
14 "\bbg\b places the given \ajob\as into the background and sends them a \bCONT\b signal to start them running."
15 "If \ajob\a is omitted, the most recently started or stopped background job is resumed or continued in the background."
16 "Each \ajob\a can be specified as one of the following:"
17 "\anumber\a"
18 "\anumber\a refers to a process id."
19 "\anumber\a refers to a process group id."
20 "\anumber\a refer to a job number."
21 "Refers to a job whose name begins with \astring\a."
22 "Refers to a job whose name contains \astring\a."
23 "Refers to the current job."
24 "Refers to the previous job."
25 "[job ...]"
26 "If all background jobs are started."
27 "If one more jobs does not exist or there are no background jobs."
28 "\bwait\b(1), \bfg\b(1), \bdisown\b(1), \bjobs\b(1)"
29 "break - break out of loop "
30 "\bbreak\b is a shell special built-in that exits the smallest enclosing \bfor\b, \bselect\b, \bwhile\b, or \buntil\b loop, or the \an\a-th enclosing loop if \an\a is specified.  Execution continues at the command following the loop(s)."
31 "If \an\a is given, it must be a positive integer >= 1. If \an\a is larger than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop will be exited."
32 "\bcontinue\b(1), \breturn\b(1)"
33 "builtin - add, delete, or display shell built-ins"
34 "\bbuiltin\b can be used to add, delete, or display built-in commands in the current shell environment. A built-in command executes in the current shell process and can have side effects in the current shell. On most systems, the invocation time for built-in commands is one or two orders of magnitude less than commands that create a separate process."
35 "For each \apathname\a specified, the basename of the pathname determines the name of the built-in. For each basename, the shell looks for a C level function in the current shell whose name is determined by prepending \bb_\b to the built-in name. If \apathname\a contains a \b/\b, then the built-in is bound to this pathname. A built-in bound to a pathname will only be executed if \apathname\a is the first executable found during a path search. Otherwise, built-ins are found prior to performing the path search."
36 "If no \apathname\a operands are specified, then \bbuiltin\b displays the current list of built-ins, or just the special built-ins if \b-s\b is specified, on standard output. The full pathname for built-ins that are bound to pathnames are displayed."
37 "Libraries containing built-ins can be specified with the \b-f\b option. If the library contains a function named \blib_init\b(), this function will be invoked with argument \b0\b when the library is loaded. The \blib_init\b() function can load built-ins by invoking an appropriate C level function. In this case there is no restriction on the C level function name."
38 "The C level function will be invoked with three arguments. The first two are the same as \bmain\b() and the third one is a pointer."
39 "\bbuiltin\b cannot be invoked from a restricted shell."
40 "Deletes each of the specified built-ins. Special built-ins cannot be deleted."
41 "lib"
42 "On systems with dynamic linking, \alib\a names a shared library to load and search for built-ins. Libraries are searched for in \b../lib/ksh\b and \b../lib\b on \b$PATH\b and in system dependent library directories. The system dependent shared library prefix and/or suffix may be omitted. Once a library is loaded, its symbols become available for the current and subsequent invocations of \bbuiltin\b. Multiple libraries can be specified with separate invocations of \bbuiltin\b. Libraries are searched in the reverse order in which they are specified."
43 "List the library base name, plugin YYYYMMDD version stamp, and full path for \b-f\b\alib\a on one line on the standard output."
44 "Display only the special built-ins."
45 "[pathname ...]"
46 "All \apathname\a operands and \b-f\b options processed successfully."
47 "An error occurred."
48 "\bwhence\b(1)"
49 "cd - change working directory "
50 "\bcd\b changes the current working directory of the current shell environment."
51 "In the first form with one operand, if \adirectory\a begins with \b/\b, or if the first component is \b.\b or \b..\b, the directory will be changed to this directory.  If directory is \b-\b, the directory will be changed to the last directory visited.  Otherwise, if the \bCDPATH\b environment variable is set, \bcd\b searches for \adirectory\a relative to each directory named in the colon separated list of directories defined by \bCDPATH\b.  If \bCDPATH\b not set, \bcd\b changes to the directory specified by \adirectory\a."
52 "In the second form, the first occurrence of the string \aold\a contained in the pathname of the present working directory is replaced by the string \anew\a and the resulting string is used as the directory to which to change."
53 "When invoked without operands and when the \bHOME\b environment variable is set to a nonempty value,  the directory named by the \bHOME\b environment variable will be used.  If \bHOME\b is empty or unset, \bcd\b will fail."
54 "When \bcd\b is successful, the \bPWD\b environment variable will be set to the name of an absolute pathname that does not contain any \b..\b components corresponding to the new directory.  The environment variable \bOLDPWD\b will be set to the previous value of \bPWD\b.  If the new directory is found by searching the directories named by \bCDPATH\b, or if \adirectory\a is \b-\b, or if the two operand form is used, the new value of \bPWD\b will be written to standard output."
55 "If both \b-L\b and \b-P\b are specified, the last one specified will be used.  If neither \b-P\b or \b-L\b is specified then the behavior will be determined by the \bgetconf\b parameter \bPATH_RESOLVE\b.  If \bPATH_RESOLVE\b is \bphysical\b, then the behavior will be as if \b-P\b were specified.  Otherwise, the behavior will be as if  \b-L\b were specified."
56 "Handle each pathname component \b..\b in a logical fashion by moving up one level by name in the present working directory."
57 "The present working directory is first converted to an absolute pathname that does not contain symbolic link components and symbolic name components are expanded in the resulting directory name."
58 "[directory]"
59 "Directory successfully changed."
60 "\bpwd\b(1), \bgetconf\b(1)"
61 "command - execute a simple command"
62 "Without \b-v\b or \b-V\b,  \bcommand\b executes \acommand\a with arguments given by \aarg\a, suppressing the shell function lookup that normally occurs.  In addition, if \acommand\a is a special built-in command, then the special properties are removed so that failures will not cause the script that executes it to terminate."
63 "With the \b-v\b or \b-V\b options, \bcommand\b is equivalent to the \bwhence\b(1) command."
64 "Causes a default path to be searched rather than the one defined by the value of \bPATH\b."
65 "Equivalent to \bwhence\b \acommand\a [\aarg\a ...]."
66 "If \acommand\a fails because there are too many \aarg\as, it will be invoked multiple times with a subset of the arguments on each invocation.  Arguments that occur prior to the first word that expand to multiple arguments and arguments that occur after the last word that expands to multiple arguments will be passed on each invocation. The exit status will be the maximum invocation exit status."
67 "Equivalent to \bwhence \b-v\b \acommand\a [\aarg\a ...]."
68 "[command [arg ...]]"
69 "If \acommand\a is invoked, the exit status of \bcommand\b will be that of \acommand\a.  Otherwise, it will be one of the following:"
70 "\bcommand\b completed successfully."
71 "\b-v\b or \b-V\b has been specified and an error occurred."
72 "\acommand\a was found but could not be invoked."
73 "\acommand\a could not be found."
74 "\bwhence\b(1), \bgetconf\b(1)"
75 "continue - continue execution at top of the loop"
76 "\bcontinue\b is a shell special built-in that continues execution at the top of smallest enclosing enclosing \bfor\b, \bselect\b, \bwhile\b, or \buntil\b loop, if any; or the top of the \an\a-th enclosing loop if \an\a is specified."
77 "If \an\a is given, it must be a positive integer >= 1. If \an\a is larger than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing  loop will be used."
78 "\bbreak\b(1)"
79 "disown - disassociate a job with the current shell"
80 "\bdisown\b prevents the current shell from sending a \bHUP\b signal to each of the given \ajob\as when the current shell terminates a login session."
81 "If \ajob\a is omitted, the most recently started or stopped background job is used."
82 "If all jobs are successfully disowned."
83 "If one more \ajob\as does not exist."
84 "\bwait\b(1), \bbg\b(1), \bjobs\b(1)"
85 "\b.\b - execute commands in the current environment"
86 "\b.\b is a special built-in command that executes commands from a function or a file in the current environment."
87 "If \aname\a refers to a function defined with the \bfunction\b \aname\a syntax, the function executes in the current environment as if it had been defined with the \aname\a\b()\b syntax so that there is no scoping.  Otherwise, commands from the file defined by \aname\a are executed in the current environment.  Note that the complete script is read before it begins to execute so that any aliases defined in this script will not take effect until the script completes execution."
88 "When \aname\a refers to a file, the \bPATH\b variable is searched for the file containing commands.  In this case execute permission is not required for \aname\a."
89 "If any \aarg\as are specified, these become the positional parameters for the duration of the function or script and are restored upon completion."
90 " name [arg ...]"
91 "If \aname\a is found, then the exit status is that of the last command executed.  Otherwise, since this is a special built-in, an error will cause a non-interactive shell to exit with a non-zero exit status.  An interactive shell returns a non-zero exit status to indicate an error."
92 "\bcommand\b(1), \bksh\b(1)"
93 "enum - create an enumeration type"
94 "\benum\b is a declaration command that creates an enumeration type \atypename\a that can only store any one of the values in the indexed array variable \atypename\a."
95 "If the list of \avalue\as is omitted, then \atypename\a must name an indexed array variable with at least two elements."
96 "ignorecase"
97 "The values are case insensitive."
98 "\atypename\a[\b=(\b \avalue\a ... \b)\b]"
99 "\bksh\b(1), \btypeset\b(1)."
100 "eval - create a shell command and process it"
101 "\beval\b is a shell special built-in command that constructs a command by concatenating the \aarg\as together, separating each with a space.  The resulting string is then taken as input to the shell and evaluated in the current environment.  Note that command words are expanded twice; once to construct \aarg\a, and again when the shell executes the constructed command."
102 "It is not an error if \aarg\a is not given."
103 "[arg...]"
104 "If \aarg\a is not specified, the exit status is \b0\b.  Otherwise, it is the exit status of the command defined by the \aarg\a operands."
105 "\bexec\b(1), \btrap\b(1), \b.\b(1)"
106 "exec - execute command, open/close and duplicate file descriptors"
107 "\bexec\b is a special built-in command that can be used to manipulate file descriptors or to replace the current shell with a new command."
108 "If \acommand\a is specified, then the current shell process will be replaced by \acommand\a rather than running \acommand\a and waiting for it to complete.  Note that there is no need to use \bexec\b to enhance performance since the shell implicitly uses the exec mechanism internally whenever possible."
109 "If no operands are specified, \bexec\b can be used to open or close files, or to manipulate file descriptors from \b0\b to \b9\b in the current shell environment using the standard redirection mechanism available with all commands.  The close-on-exec flags will be set on file descriptor numbers greater than \b2\b that are opened this way so that they will be closed when another program is invoked."
110 "Because \bexec\b is a special command, any failure will cause the script that invokes it to exit.  This can be prevented by invoking \bexec\b from the \bcommand\b utility."
111 "\bexec\b cannot be invoked from a restricted shell to create files or to open a file for writing or appending."
112 "Clear all environment variables before executions except variable assignments that are part of the current \bexec\b command."
113 "\bargv[0]\b will be set to \aname\a for \acommand\a"
114 "If \acommand\a is specified, \bexec\b does not return.  Otherwise, the exit status is one of the following:"
115 "All I/O redirections were successful."
116 "\bcommand\b(1), \beval\b(1)"
117 "exit - exit the current shell"
118 "\bexit\b is shell special built-in that causes the shell that invokes it to exit.  Before exiting the shell, if the \bEXIT\b trap is set it will be invoked."
119 "If \an\a is given, it will be used to set the exit status."
120 "If \an\a is specified, the exit status is the least significant eight bits of the value of \an\a.  Otherwise, the exit status is the exit status of preceding command.  When invoked inside a trap, the preceding command means the command that invoked the trap."
121 "\bbreak\b(1), \breturn\b(1)"
122 "export - set export attribute on variables"
123 "\bexport\b sets the export attribute on each of the variables specified by \aname\a which causes them to be in the environment of subsequently executed commands.  If \b=\b\avalue\a is specified, the variable \aname\a is set to \avalue\a."
124 "If no \aname\as are specified then the names and values of all exported variables are written to standard output."
125 "\bexport\b is built-in to the shell as a declaration command so that field splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the arguments.  Tilde expansion occurs on \avalue\a."
126 "Causes the output to be in the form of \bexport\b commands that can be used as input to the shell to recreate the current exports."
127 "\bsh\b(1), \btypeset\b(1)"
128 "1cn"
129 "\f?\f - process command history list"
130 "\b\f?\f\b lists, edits, or re-executes, commands  previously entered into the current shell environment."
131 "The command history list references commands by number. The first number in the list is selected arbitrarily.  The relationship of a number to its command does not change during a login session.  When the number reaches 32767 the number wraps around to 1 but maintains the ordering."
132 "When commands are edited (when the \b-l\b option is not specified), the resulting lines will be entered at the end of the history list and then reexecuted by the current shell.  The \b\f?\f\b command that caused the editing will not be entered into the history list.  If the editor returns a non-zero exit status, this will suppress the entry into the history list and the command reexecution.  Command line variable assignments and redirections affect both the \f?\f command and the commands that are reexecuted."
133 "\afirst\a and \alast\a define the range of commands. \afirst\a and \alast\a can be one of the following:"
134 "A positive number representing a command number.  A \b+\b sign can precede \anumber\a."
135 "A negative number representing a command that was executed \anumber\a commands previously. For example, \b-1\b is the previous command."
136 "\astring\a"
137 "\astring\a indicates the most recently entered command that begins with \astring\a. \astring\a should not contain an \b=\b."
138 "If \afirst\a is omitted, the previous command is used, unless \b-l\b is specified, in which case it will default to \b-16\b and \alast\a will default to \b-1\b."
139 "If \afirst\a is specified and \alast\a is omitted, then \alast\a will default to \afirst\a unless \b-l\b is specified in which case it will default to \b-1\b."
140 "If no editor is specified, then the editor specfied by the \bHISTEDIT\b variable will be used if set, or the \bFCEDIT\b variable will be used if set, otherwise, \bed\b will be used."
141 "editor"
142 "\aeditor\a specifies the editor to use to edit the history command.   A value of \b-\b for \aeditor\a is equivalent to specifiying the \b-s\b option."
143 "List the commands rather than editing and reexecuting them."
144 "num"
145 "Start at \anum\a commands back."
146 "Suppress the command numbers when the commands are listed."
147 "Writes the result of history expansion for each operand to standard output.  All other options are ignored."
148 "Reverse the order of the commands."
149 "Reexecute the command without invoking an editor.  In this case an operand of the form \aold\a\b=\b\anew\a can be specified to change the first occurrence of the string \aold\a in the command to \anew\a before reexecuting the command."
150 "[first [last] ]"
151 "If a command is reexecuted, the exit status is that of the command that gets reexecuted.  Otherwise, it is one of the following:"
152 "Successfully completion of the listing."
153 "\bksh\b(1), \bsh\b(1), \bed\b(1)"
154 "fg - move jobs to the foreground"
155 "\bfg\b places the given \ajob\as into the foreground in sequence and sends them a \bCONT\b signal to start each running."
156 "If \ajob\a is omitted, the most recently started or stopped background job is moved to the foreground."
157 "If \bfg\b brings one or more jobs into the foreground, the exit status of \bfg\b  will be that of the last \ajob\a.  If one or more jobs does not exist or has completed, \bfg\b will return a non-zero exit status."
158 "\f?\f - parse utility options"
159 "The \bgetopts\b utility can be used to retrieve options and arguments from a list of arguments given by \aargs\a or the positional parameters if \aargs\a is omitted.  It can also generate usage messages and a man page for the command based on the information in \aoptstring\a."
160 "Each time it is invoked, the \bgetopts\b utility places the value of the next option in the shell variable specified by the \aname\a operand and the index of the next argument to be processed in the shell variable \bOPTIND\b.  When the shell is invoked \bOPTIND\b is initialized to \b1\b.  When an option requires or permits an option argument, \bgetopts\b places the option argument in the shell variable \bOPTARG\b. Otherwise \bOPTARG\b is set to \b1\b when the option is set and \b0\b when the option is unset."
161 "The \aoptstring\a string consists of alpha-numeric characters, the special characters +, -, ?, :, and <space>, or character groups enclosed in [...].  Character groups may be nested in {...}. Outside of a [...] group, a single new-line followed by zero or more blanks is ignored.  One or more blank lines separate the options from the command argument synopsis."
162 "Each [...] group consists of an optional label, optional attributes separated by :, and an optional description string following ?.  The characters from the ? to the end of the next ] are ignored for option parsing and short usage messages.  They are used for generating verbose help or man pages. The : character may not appear in the label. The ? character must be specified as ?? in the label and the ] character must be specified as ]] in the description string. Text between two \\b (backspace) characters indicates that the text should be emboldened when displayed. Text between two \\a (bell) characters indicates that the text should be emphasized or italicized when displayed. Text between two \\v (vertical tab) characters indicates that the text should displayed in a fixed width font. Text between two \\f (formfeed) characters will be replaced by the output from the shell function whose name is that of the enclosed text."
163 "All output from this interface is written to the standard error."
164 "There are several group types:"
165 "Arguments beginning with + are considered options."
166 "Cache this \aoptstring\a for multiple passes. Used to optimize builtins that may be called many times within the same process."
167 "Ignore this \aoptstring\a when generating help. Used when combining \aoptstring\a values from multiple passes."
168 "Display only \alongname\a options in help messages."
169 "Associate -\anumber\a and +\anumber\a options with the first option with numeric arguments."
170 "The \b-\b option character prefix is optional (supports obsolete \bps\b(1) option syntax.)"
171 "\anumber\a specifies the number of \b-\b characters that must prefix long option names. The default is \b2\b; \b0\b, \b1\b or \b2\b are accepted (e.g., \bp0\b for \bdd\b(1) and \bp1\b for \bfind\b(1).)"
172 "\anumber\a specifies the \b--??man\b section number, \b1\b by default."
173 "An option specification of the form [\aoption\a[!][=\anumber\a][:\alongname\a][?\atext\a]]. In this case the first field is the option character; this is the value returned in the \aname\a operand when the option is matched.  If there is no option character then a two or more digit number should be specified. This number will be returned as the value of the \aname\a operand if the long option is matched. If \aoption\a is followed by \b!\b then the option character sense is the inverse of the longname sense. For options that do not take values \bOPTARG\b will be set to \b0\b for \b!\b inverted option characters and \b1\b otherwise. =\anumber\a optionally specifies a number to be returned in the \aname\a operand instead of the option character. A longname is specified by \b--\b\alongname\a and is matched by the shortest non-ambiguous prefix of all long options. * in the \alongname\a field indicates that only characters up to that point need to match, provided any additional characters match exactly. The enclosing [ and ] can be omitted for an option that does not have a longname or descriptive text."
174 "An option argument specification. Options that take arguments can be followed by : (string value) or # (numeric value) and an option argument specification.  An option argument specification consists of the option argument name as field 1. The remaining \b:\b separated fields are a type name and zero or more of the special attribute words \blistof\b, \boneof\b, and \bignorecase\b. A default option value may be specified in the final field as \b:=\b\adefault\a. The option argument specification may be followed by a list of option value descriptions enclosed in braces. A long option that takes an argument is specified as \b--\b\alongname\a=\avalue\a. If the : or # is followed by ? then the option argument is optional. If only the option character form is specified then the optional argument value is not set if the next argument starts with - or +. The special attributes are currently informational with respect to \boptget\b(3), but may be useful to applications that parse \b--api\b output. The special attributes are:"
175 "zero or more of the possible option values may be specified, separated by \b,\b or space."
176 "exactly one of the possible option values must be specified"
177 "case ignored in matching the long option name"
178 "A option value description."
179 "A argument specification. A list of valid option argument values can be specified by enclosing them inside a {...} following the option argument specification.  Each of the permitted values can be specified with a [...] containing the value followed by a description."
180 "A group of the form [+\\n...] will display the characters representing ... in fixed with font without adding line breaks."
181 "A leading : character in \aoptstring\a affects the way errors are handled.  If an option character or longname argument not specified in \aoptstring\a is encountered when processing options, the shell variable whose name is \aname\a will be set to the ? character.  The shell variable \bOPTARG\b will be set to the character found.  If an option argument is missing or has an invalid value, then \aname\a will be set to the : character and the shell variable \bOPTARG\b will be set to the option character found. Without the leading :, \aname\a will be set to the ? character, \bOPTARG\b will be unset, and an error message will be written to standard error when errors are encountered."
182 "A leading + character or a + following a leading : in \aoptstring\a specifies that arguments beginning with + will also be considered options."
183 "The end of options occurs when:"
184 "The special argument \b--\b is encountered."
185 "An argument that does not begin with a \b-\b is encountered."
186 "A help argument is specified."
187 "An error is encountered."
188 "If \bOPTIND\b is set to the value \b1\b, a new set of arguments can be used."
189 "\bgetopts\b can also be used to generate help messages containing command usage and detailed descriptions.  Specify \aargs\a as:"
190 "To generate a usage synopsis.][+--?????To generate a verbose usage message.][+--????man?To generate a formatted man page.][+--????api?To generate an easy to parse usage message.][+--????html?To generate a man page in \bhtml\b format.][+--????nroff?To generate a man page in \bnroff\b format.][+--????usage?List the current \aoptstring\a.][+--??????\aname\a?List \bversion=\b\an\a, \an\a>0, if the option \aname\a is recognized by \bgetopts\b.]}[+?When the end of options is encountered, \bgetopts\b exits with a non-zero return value and the variable \bOPTIND\b is set to the index of the first non-option argument.][+?The obsolete long option forms \aflag\a(\along-name\a) and \aflag\a:(\along-name\a) for options that take arguments is supported for backwards compatibility.]a:[name?Use \aname\a instead of the command name in usage messages.]"
191 "An option specified was found."
192 "An end of options was encountered."
193 "A usage or information message was generated."
194 "kill - terminate or signal process"
195 "With the first form in which \b-l\b is not specified, \bkill\b sends a signal to one or more processes specified by \ajob\a.  This normally terminates the processes unless the signal is being caught or ignored."
196 "If the signal is not specified with either the \b-n\b or the \b-s\b  option, the \bSIGTERM\b signal is used."
197 "If \b-l\b is specified, and no \aarg\a is specified, then \bkill\b writes the list of signals to standard output.  Otherwise, \aarg\a can be either a signal name, or a number representing either a signal number or exit status for a process that was terminated due to a signal.  If a name is given the corresponding signal number will be written to standard output.  If a number is given the corresponding signal name will be written to standard output."
198 "List signal names or signal numbers rather than sending signals as described above.  The \b-n\b and \b-s\b options cannot be specified."
199 "Same as \b-l\b except that of no argument is specified the signals will be listed in menu format as with select compound command."
200 "signum"
201 "Specify a signal number to send.  Signal numbers are not portable across platforms, except for the following:"
202 "No signal"
203 "\bHUP\b"
204 "\bINT\b"
205 "\bQUIT\b"
206 "\bABRT\b"
207 "\bKILL\b"
208 "\bALRM\b"
209 "\bTERM\b"
210 "signame"
211 "Specify a signal name to send.  The signal names are derived from their names in \b<signal.h>\b without the \bSIG\b prefix and are case insensitive.  \bkill -l\b will generate the list of signals on the current platform."
212 "job ..."
213 "At least one matching process was found for each \ajob\a operand, and the specified signal was successfully sent to at least one matching process."
214 "\bps\b(1), \bjobs\b(1), \bkill\b(2), \bsignal\b(2)"
215 "let - evaluate arithmetic expressions"
216 "\blet\b evaluates each \aexpr\a in the current shell environment as an arithmetic expression using ANSI C syntax.  Variables names are shell variables and they are recursively evaluated as arithmetic expressions to get numerical values."
217 "\blet\b has been made obsolete by the \b((\b...\b))\b syntax of \bksh\b(1) which does not require quoting of the operators to pass them as command arguments."
218 "[expr ...]"
219 "The last \aexpr\a evaluates to a non-zero value."
220 "The last \aexpr\a evaluates to \b0\b or an error occurred."
221 "\bexpr\b(1), \btest\b(1), \bksh\b(1)"
222 "print - write arguments to standard output"
223 "By default, \bprint\b writes each \astring\a operand to standard output and appends a newline character."
224 "Unless, the \b-r\b or \b-f\b option is specified, each \b\\\b character in each \astring\a operand is processed specially as follows:"
225 "Alert character."
226 "Backspace character."
227 "Terminate output without appending newline.  The remaining \astring\a operands are ignored."
228 "Formfeed character."
229 "Newline character."
230 "Tab character."
231 "Vertical tab character."
232 "Backslash character."
233 "Escape character (ASCII octal 033)."
234 "The 8-bit character whose ASCII code is the 1-, 2-, or 3-digit octal number \ax\a."
235 "If both \b-e\b and \b-r\b are specified, the last one specified is the one that is used."
236 "When the \b-f\b option is specified and there are more \astring\a operands than format specifiers, the format string is reprocessed from the beginning.  If there are fewer \astring\a operands than format specifiers, then outputting will end at the first unneeded format specifier."
237 "Unless \b-f\b is specified, process \b\\\b sequences in each \astring\a operand as described above. This is the default behavior."
238 "Do not append a new-line character to the output."
239 "format"
240 "Write the \astring\a arguments using the format string \aformat\a and do not append a new-line.  See \bprintf\b for details on how to specify \aformat\a."
241 "Write to the current co-process instead of standard output."
242 "Do not process \b\\\b sequences in each \astring\a operand as described above."
243 "Write the output as an entry in the shell history file instead of standard output."
244 "fd:=1"
245 "Write to file descriptor number \afd\a instead of standard output."
246 "Treat each \astring\a as a variable name and write the value in \b%B\b format.  Cannot be used with \b-f\b."
247 "Treat each \astring\a as a variable name and write the value in \b%#B\b format.  Cannot be used with \b-f\b."
248 "[string ...]"
249 "\becho\b(1), \bprintf\b(1), \bread\b(1)"
250 "printf - write formatted output"
251 "\bprintf\b writes each \astring\a operand to standard output using \aformat\a to control the output format."
252 "The \aformat\a operands supports the full range of ANSI C formatting specifiers plus the following additional specifiers:"
253 "Each character in the \astring\a operand is processed specially as follows:"
254 "Terminate output without appending newline. The remaining \astring\a operands are ignored."
255 "Output \astring\a quoted in a manner that it can be read in by the shell to get back the same string.  However, empty strings resulting from missing \astring\a operands will not be quoted. When \bq\b is preceded by the alternative format specifier, \b#\b, the string is quoted in manner  suitable as a field in a \b.csv\b format file."
256 "Treat the argument as a variable name and output the value without converting it to a string.  This is most useful for variables of type \b-b\b."
257 "Output \astring\a with characters \b<\b, \b&\b, \b>\b, \b\"\b, and non-printable characters properly escaped for use in HTML and XML documents.  The alternate flag \b#\b formats the output for use as a URI."
258 "Treat \astring\a as an extended regular expression and  convert it to a shell pattern."
259 "Treat \astring\a as an shell pattern expression and  convert it to an extended regular expression."
260 "Treat \astring\a as a date/time string and format it.  The \bT\b can be preceded by \b(\b\adformat\a\b)\b, where \adformat\a is a date format as defined by the \bdate\b command."
261 "Output a byte whose value is \b0\b."
262 "Equivalent to %#q."
263 "Equivalent to %H."
264 "Equivalent to %R."
265 "Equivalent to %#P."
266 "Equivalent to %#H."
267 "The format modifier flag \bL\b can precede the width and/or precision specifiers for the \bc\b and \bs\b to cause the width and/or precision to be measured in character width rather than byte count."
268 "When performing conversions of \astring\a to satisfy a numeric format specifier, if the first character of \astring\a is \b\"\b or \b'\b, then the value will be the numeric value in the underlying code set of the character following the \b\"\b or \b'\b.  Otherwise, \astring\a is treated like a shell arithmetic expression and evaluated."
269 "If a \astring\a operand cannot be completely converted into a value appropriate for that format specifier, an error will occur, but remaining \astring\a operands will continue to be processed."
270 "In addition to the format specifier extensions, the following extensions of ANSI-C are permitted in format specifiers:"
271 "The escape sequences \b\\E\b and \b\\e\b expand to the escape character which is octal \b033\b in ASCII."
272 "The escape sequence \b\\c\b\ax\a expands to Control-\ax\a."
273 "The escape sequence \b\\C[.\b\aname\a\b.]\b expands to the collating element \aname\a."
274 "The escape sequence \b\\x{\b\ahex\a\b}\b expands to the character corresponding to the hexidecimal value \ahex\a."
275 "The escape sequence \b\\u{\b\ahex\a\b}\b expands to the unicode character corresponding to the hexidecimal value \ahex\a."
276 "The format modifier flag \b=\b can be used to center a field to a specified width."
277 "The format modifier flag \bL\b can be used with the \bc\b and \bs\b formats to treat precision as character width instead of byte count."
278 "The format modifier flag \b,\b can be used with \bd\b and \bf\b formats to cause group of digits."
279 "Each of the integral format specifiers can have a third modifier after width and precision that specifies the base of the conversion from 2 to 64.  In this case the \b#\b modifier will cause \abase\a\b#\b to be prepended to the value."
280 "The \b#\b modifier can be used with the \bd\b specifier when no base is specified cause the output to be written in units of \b1000\b with a suffix of one of \bk M G T P E\b."
281 "The \b#\b modifier can be used with the \bi\b specifier to cause the output to be written in units of \b1024\b with a suffix of one of \bKi Mi Gi Ti Pi Ei\b."
282 "If there are more \astring\a operands than format specifiers, the \aformat\a string is reprocessed from the beginning.  If there are fewer \astring\a operands than format specifiers, then string specifiers will be treated as if empty strings were supplied, numeric conversions will be treated as if 0 were supplied, and time conversions will be treated as if \bnow\b were supplied."
283 "\bprintf\b is equivalent to \bprint -f\b which allows additional options to be specified."
284 "format [string ...]"
285 "\bdate\b(1), \bprint\b(1), \bread\b(1)"
286 "pwd - write working directory name"
287 "\bpwd\b writes an absolute pathname of the current working directory to standard output.   An absolute pathname is a pathname that begins with \b/\b that does not contains any \b.\b  or \b..\b components."
288 "The absolute pathname may contains symbolic link components.  This is the default."
289 "The absolute pathname will not contain any symbolic link components."
290 "\bcd\b(1), \bgetconf\b(1)"
291 "read - read a line from standard input"
292 "\bread\b reads a line from standard input and breaks it into fields using the characters in value of the \bIFS\b variable as separators.  The escape character, \b\\\b, is used to remove any special meaning for the next character and for line continuation unless the \b-r\b option is specified."
293 "If there are more variables than fields, the remaining variables are set to empty strings.  If there are fewer variables than fields, the leftover fields and their intervening separators are assigned to the last variable.  If no \avar\a is specified then the variable \bREPLY\b is used."
294 "When \avar\a has the binary attribute and \b-n\b or \b-N\b is specified, the bytes that are read are stored directly into \bvar\b."
295 "If you specify \b?\b\aprompt\a after the first \avar\a, then \bread\b will display \aprompt\a on standard error when standard input is a terminal or pipe."
296 "If an end of file is encountered while reading a line the data is read and processed but \bread\b returns with a non-zero exit status."
297 "Unset \avar\a and then create an indexed array containing each field in the line starting at index 0."
298 "Unset \avar\a and read  \avar\a as a compound variable."
299 "delim"
300 "Read until delimiter \adelim\a instead of to the end of line."
301 "Read from the current co-process instead of standard input.  An end of file causes \bread\b to disconnect the co-process so that another can be created."
302 "Do not treat \b\\\b specially when processing the input line."
303 "Save a copy of the input as an entry in the shell history file."
304 "Treat the input as if it was saved from a spreasheet in csv format."
305 "fd:=0"
306 "Read from file descriptor number \afd\a instead of standard input."
307 "timeout"
308 "Specify a timeout \atimeout\a in seconds when reading from a terminal or pipe."
309 "count"
310 "Read at most \acount\a characters.  For binary fields \acount\a is the number of bytes."
311 "Read exactly \ancount\a characters.  For binary fields \acount\a is the number of bytes."
312 "When reading from a terminal the value of the first variable is displayed and used as a default value."
313 "[var"
314 "prompt] [var ...]"
315 " Successful completion."
316 "End of file was detected or an error occurred."
317 "\bprint\b(1), \bprintf\b(1), \bcat\b(1)"
318 "readonly - set readonly attribute on variables"
319 "\breadonly\b sets the readonly attribute on each of the variables specified by \aname\a which prevents their values from being changed.  If \b=\b\avalue\a is specified, the variable \aname\a is set to \avalue\a before the variable is made readonly."
320 "Within a type definition, if the value is not specified, then a value must be specified when creating each instance of the type and the value is readonly for each instance."
321 "If no \aname\as are specified then the names and values of all readonly variables are written to standard output."
322 "\breadonly\b is built-in to the shell as a declaration command so that field splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the arguments.  Tilde expansion occurs on \avalue\a."
323 "Causes the output to be in a form of \breadonly\b commands that can be used as input to the shell to recreate the current set of readonly variables."
324 "return - return from a function or dot script "
325 "\breturn\b is a shell special built-in that causes the function or dot script that invokes it to exit.  If \breturn\b is invoked outside of a function or dot script it is equivalent to \bexit\b."
326 "If \breturn\b is invoked inside a function defined with the \bfunction\b reserved word syntax, then any \bEXIT\b trap set within the then function will be invoked in the context of the caller before the function returns."
327 "If \an\a is specified, the exit status is the least significant eight bits of the value of \an\a.  Otherwise, the exit status is the exit status of preceding command."
328 "\bbreak\b(1), \bexit\b(1)"
329 "set - set/unset options and positional parameters"
330 "\bset\b sets or unsets options and positional parameters.  Options that are specified with a \b-\b cause the options to be set.  Options that are specified with a \b+\b cause the option to be unset."
331 "\bset\b without any options or arguments displays the names and values of all shell variables in the order of the collation sequence in the current locale.  The values are quoted so that they are suitable for reinput to the shell."
332 "If no \aarg\as are specified, not even the end of options argument \b--\b, the positional parameters are unchanged.  Otherwise, unless the \b-A\b options has been specified, the positional parameters are replaced by the list of \aarg\as.  A first \aarg\a of \b--\b is ignored when setting positional parameters."
333 "For backward compatibility, a \bset\b command without any options specified whose first \aarg\a is \b-\b will turn off the \b-v\b and \b-x\b options.  If any additional \aarg\as are specified, they will replace the positional parameters."
334 "Sort the positional parameters."
335 "Assign the arguments sequentially to the array named by \aname\a starting at subscript 0 rather than to the positional parameters."
336 "Set the export attribute for each variable whose name does not contain a \b.\b that you assign a value in the current shell environment."
337 "The shell writes a message to standard error as soon it detects that a background job completes rather than waiting until the next prompt."
338 "A simple command that has an non-zero exit status will cause the shell to exit unless the simple command is:"
339 "contained in an \b&&\b or \b||\b list."
340 "the command immediately following \bif\b, \bwhile\b, or \buntil\b."
341 "contained in the pipeline following \b!\b."
342 "Pathname expansion is disabled."
343 "Obsolete.  Causes each command whose name has the syntax of an alias to become a tracked alias when it is first encountered."
344 "This is obsolete.  All arguments of the form \aname\a\b=\b\avalue\a are removed and placed in the variable assignment list for the command.  Ordinarily, variable assignments must precede command arguments."
345 "When enabled, the shell runs background jobs in a separate process group and displays a line upon completion.  This mode is enabled by default for interactive shells on systems that support job control."
346 "The shell reads commands and checks for syntax errors, but does not execute the command.  Usually specified on command invocation."
347 "option"
348 "If \aoption\a is not specified, the list of options and their current settings will be written to standard output.  When invoked with a \b+\b the options will be written in a format that can be reinput to the shell to restore the settings. Options \b-o\b \aname\a can also be specified with \b--\b\aname\a and \b+o \aname\a can be specifed with \b--no\b\aname\a  except that options names beginning with \bno\b are turned on by omitting \bno\b.This option can be repeated to enable/disable multiple options. The value of \aoption\a must be one of the following:"
349 "Equivalent to \b-a\b."
350 "Runs background jobs at lower priorities."
351 "Equivalent to \b-B\b."
352 "[+emacs"
353 "Enables/disables \bemacs\b editing mode.][+errexit?Equivalent to \b-e\b.][+globstar?Equivalent to \b-G\b.][+gmacs?Enables/disables \bgmacs\b editing mode.  \bgmacs\b editing mode is the same as \bemacs\b editing mode except for the handling of \b^T\b.][+histexpand?Equivalent to \b-H\b.][+ignoreeof?Prevents an interactive shell from exiting on reading an end-of-file.][+keyword?Equivalent to \b-k\b.][+letoctal?The \blet\b builtin recognizes octal constants with leading 0.][+markdirs?A trailing \b/\b is appended to directories resulting from pathname expansion.][+monitor?Equivalent to \b-m\b.][+multiline?Use multiple lines when editing lines that are longer than the window width.][+noclobber?Equivalent to \b-C\b.][+noexec?Equivalent to \b-n\b.][+noglob?Equivalent to \b-f\b.][+nolog?This has no effect.  It is provided for backward compatibility.][+notify?Equivalent to \b-b\b.][+nounset?Equivalent to \b-u\b.][+pipefail?A pipeline will not complete until all components of the pipeline have completed, and the exit status of the pipeline will be the value of the last command to exit with non-zero exit status, or will be zero if all commands return zero exit status.][+privileged?Equivalent to \b-p\b.][+rc?Do not run the \b.kshrc\b file for interactive shells.][+showme?Simple commands preceded by a \b;\b will be traced as if \b-x\b were enabled but not executed.][+trackall?Equivalent to \b-h\b.][+verbose?Equivalent to \b-v\b.][+vi?Enables/disables \bvi\b editing mode.][+viraw?Does not use canonical input mode when using \bvi\b edit mode.][+xtrace?Equivalent to \b-x\b.]}[p?Privileged mode.  Disabling \b-p\b sets the effective user id to the real user id, and the effective group id to the real group id.  Enabling \b-p\b restores the effective user and group ids to their values when the shell was invoked.  The \b-p\b option is on whenever the real and effective user id is not equal or the real and effective group id is not equal.  User profiles are not processed when \b-p\b is enabled.][r?restricted.  Enables restricted shell.  This option cannot be unset once enabled.][t?Obsolete.  The shell reads one command and then exits.][u?If enabled, the shell displays an error message when it tries to expand a variable that is unset.][v?Verbose.  The shell displays its input onto standard error as it reads it.][x?Execution trace.  The shell will display each command after all expansion and before execution preceded by the expanded value of the \bPS4\b parameter.][B?Enable {...} group expansion. On by default.][C?Prevents existing regular files from being overwritten using the \b>\b redirection operator.  The \b>|\b redirection overrides this \bnoclobber\b option.][G?Causes \b**\b by itself to also match all sub-directories during pathname expansion.][H?Enable \b!\b-style history expansion similar to \bcsh\b.][06:default?Restore all non-command line options to the default settings.][07:state?List the current option state in the form of a \bset\b command that can be executed to restore the state.]"
354 "No errors occurred."
355 "\btypeset\b(1), \bshift\b(1)"
356 "sleep - suspend execution for an interval"
357 "\bsleep\b suspends execution for at least the time specified by \aduration\a or until a \bSIGALRM\b signal is received. \aduration\a may be one of the following:"
358 "The number of seconds to sleep."
359 "The number of seconds to sleep. The actual granularity depends on the underlying system, normally around 1 millisecond."
360 "An ISO 8601 duration where at least one of the duration parts must be specified."
361 "An ISO 8601 duration specifying \an\a weeks."
362 "A case insensitive ISO 8601 duration except that \bM\b specifies months, \bm\b before \bs\b or \bS\b specifies minutes and after specifies milliseconds, \bu\b or \bU\b specifies microseconds, and \bn\b specifies nanoseconds."
363 "Sleep until the \bdate\b(1) compatible date/time."
364 "Sleep until a signal or a timeout is received. If \aduration\a is omitted or 0 then no timeout will be used."
365 "[ duration ]"
366 "The execution was successfully suspended for at least \aduration\a or a \bSIGALRM\b signal was received."
367 "\bdate\b(1), \btime\b(1), \bwait\b(1)"
368 "test - evaluate expression"
369 "\btest\b evaluates expressions and indicates its results based on the exit status.  Option parsing is not performed so that all arguments, including \b--\b are processed  as operands.  The evaluation of the expression depends on the number of operands as follows:"
370 "Evaluates to false."
371 "True if argument is not an empty string."
372 "If first operand is \b!\b, the result is True if the second operand an empty string.  Otherwise, it is evaluated as one of the unary expressions defined below.  If the unary operator is invalid and the second argument is \b--\b,then the first argument is processed as an option argument."
373 "If first operand is \b!\b, the result is True if the second and third operand evaluated as a unary expression is False.  Otherwise, the three operands are evaluaged as one of the  binary expressions listed below."
374 "If first operand is \b!\b, the result is True if the next three operands are a valid binary expression that is False."
375 "Unary expressions can be one of the following:"
376 "True if \afile\a exists, obsolete."
377 "True if \afile\a exists and is a block special file."
378 "True if \afile\a exists and is a character special file."
379 "True if \afile\a exists and is a directory."
380 "True if \afile\a exists."
381 "True if \afile\a exists and is a regular file."
382 "True if \afile\a exists and has its set-group-id bit set."
383 "True if \afile\a exists and is a symbolic link."
384 "True if \afile\a exists and has its sticky bit on."
385 "True if length of \astring\a is non-zero."
386 "True if the shell option \aoption\a is enabled."
387 "True if \afile\a exists and is a pipe or fifo."
388 "True if \afile\a exists and is readable."
389 "True if \afile\a exists and has size > 0."
390 "True if file descriptor number \afildes\a is open and is associated with a terminal device."
391 "True if \afile\a exists and has its set-user-id bit set."
392 "True if \avarname\a is a valid variable name that is set."
393 "True if \afile\a exists and is writable."
394 "True if \afile\a exists and is executable.  For a directory it means that it can be searched."
395 "True if \astring\a is a zero length string."
396 "True if \afile\a exists and group is the effective group id of the current process."
397 "True if \afile\a exists and has been modified since it was last read."
398 "True if \afile\a exists and owner is the effective user id of the current process."
399 "True if \avarname\a is a name reference."
400 "True if \afile\a exists and is a socket."
401 "Binary expressions can be one of the following:"
402 "\astring1\a = \astring2\a"
403 "True if \astring1\a is equal to \astring2\a."
404 "\astring1\a == \astring2\a"
405 "\astring1\a != \astring2\a"
406 "True if \astring1\a is not equal to \astring2\a."
407 "\anum1\a -eq \anum2\a"
408 "True if numerical value of \anum1\a is equal to \anum2\a."
409 "\anum1\a -ne \anum2\a"
410 "True if numerical value of \anum1\a is not equal to \anum2\a."
411 "\anum1\a -lt \anum2\a"
412 "True if numerical value of \anum1\a is less than \anum2\a."
413 "\anum1\a -le \anum2\a"
414 "True if numerical value of \anum1\a is less than or equal to \anum2\a."
415 "\anum1\a -gt \anum2\a"
416 "True if numerical value of \anum1\a is greater than \anum2\a."
417 "\anum1\a -ge \anum2\a"
418 "True if numerical value of \anum1\a is greater than or equal to \anum2\a."
419 "\afile1\a -nt \afile2\a"
420 "True if \afile1\a is newer than \afile2\a or \afile2\a does not exist."
421 "\afile1\a -ot \afile2\a"
422 "True if \afile1\a is older than \afile2\a or \afile2\a does not exist."
423 "\afile1\a -ef \afile2\a"
424 "True if \afile1\a is another name for \afile2\a.  This will be true if \afile1\a is a hard link or a symbolic link to \afile2\a."
425 "[expression]"
426 "Indicates that the specified expression is True."
427 "Indicates that the specified expression is False."
428 "\blet\b(1), \bexpr\b(1)"
429 "trap - trap signals and conditions"
430 "\btrap\b is a special built-in that defines actions to be taken when conditions such as receiving a signal occur.  Also, \btrap\b can be used to display the current trap settings on standard output."
431 "If \aaction\a is \b-\b, \btrap\b resets each \acondition\a to the default value.  If \aaction\a is an empty string, the shell ignores each of the \acondition\as if they arise. Otherwise, the argument \aaction\a will be read and executed by the shell as if it were processed by \beval\b(1) when one of the corresponding conditions arise.  The action of the trap will override any previous action associated with each specified \acondition\a.  The value of \b$?\b is not altered by the trap execution."
432 "\acondition\a can be the name or number of a signal, or one of the following:"
433 "This trap is executed when the shell exits.  If defined within a function defined with the \bfunction\b reserved word, the trap is executed in the caller's environment when the function returns and the trap action is restored to the value it had when it called the function."
434 "Same as EXIT."
435 "Executed before each simple command is executed but after the arguments are expanded."
436 "Executed whenever \bset -e\b would cause the shell to exit."
437 "Executed when a key is entered from a terminal device."
438 "Signal names are case insensitive and the \bsig\b prefix is optional.  Signals that were ignored on entry to a noninteractive shell cannot trapped or reset although doing so will not report an error.  The use of signal numbers other than \b1\b, \b2\b, \b3\b, \b6\b, \b9\b, \b14\b, and \b15\b is not portable."
439 "Although \btrap\b is a special built-in, specifying a condition that the shell does not know about causes \btrap\b to exit with a non-zero exit status, but does not terminate the invoking shell."
440 "If no \aaction\a or \acondition\as are specified then all the current trap settings are written to standard output."
441 "Causes the current traps to be output in a format that can be processed as input to the shell to recreate the current traps."
442 "[action condition ...]"
443 "\bkill\b(1), \beval\b(1), \bsignal\b(3)"
444 "\f?\f - declare or display variables with attributes"
445 "Without the \b-f\b option, \b\f?\f\b sets, unsets, or displays attributes of variables as specified with the options.  If the first option is specified with a \b-\b then the attributes are set for each of the given \aname\as. If the first option is specified with a \b+\b, then the specified attributes are unset.  If \b=\b\avalue\a is specified value is assigned before the attributes are set."
446 "When \b\f?\f\b is called inside a function defined with the \bfunction\b reserved word, and \aname\a does not contain a \b.\b, then a local variable statically scoped to  that function will be created."
447 "Not all option combinations are possible.  For example, the numeric options \b-i\b, \b-E\b, and \b-F\b cannot be specified with the justification options \b-L\b, \b-R\b, and \b-Z\b."
448 "Note that the following preset aliases are set by the shell:"
449 "\b\f?\f -lE\b."
450 "\b\f?\f -li\b."
451 "If no \aname\as are specified then variables that have the specified options are displayed.  If the first option is specified with a leading \b-\b then the name and value of each variable is written to standard output.  Otherwise, only the names are written.  If no options are specified or just \b-p\b is specified, then the names and attributes of all variables that have attributes are written to standard output.  When \b-f\b is specified, the names displayed will be function names."
452 "If \b-f\b is specified, then each \aname\a refers to a function and the only valid options are \b-u\b and \b-t\b.  In this case no \b=\b\avalue\a can be specified."
453 "\b\f?\f\b is built-in to the shell as a declaration command so that field splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the arguments.  Tilde expansion occurs on \avalue\a."
454 "type"
455 "Indexed array.  This is the default. If \b[\b\atype\a\b]\b is specified, each subscript is interpreted as a value of type \atype\a."
456 "Each \aname\a may contain binary data.  Its value is the mime base64 encoding of the data. It can be used with \b-Z\b, to specify fixed sized fields."
457 "Each of the options and \aname\as refers to a function."
458 "base:=10"
459 "An integer. \abase\a represents the arithmetic base from 2 to 64."
460 "Without \b-i\b, sets character mapping to \btolower\b. When used with \b-i\b, \b-E\b, or \b-F\b indicates long variant."
461 "Move.  The value is the name of a variable whose value will be moved to \aname\a.  The orignal variable will be unset.  Cannot be used with any other options."
462 "Name reference.  The value is the name of a variable that \aname\a references.  \aname\a cannot contain a \b.\b.  Cannot be use with any other options."
463 "Causes the output to be in a format that can be used as input to the shell to recreate the attributes for variables."
464 "Enables readonly.  Once enabled it cannot be disabled.  See \breadonly\b(1)."
465 "Used with \b-i\b to restrict integer size to short."
466 "When used with \b-f\b, enables tracing for each of the specified functions.  Otherwise, \b-t\b is a user defined attribute and has no meaning to the shell."
467 "Without \b-f\b or \b-i\b, sets character mapping to \btoupper\b.  When used with \b-f\b specifies that \aname\a is a function that hasn't been loaded yet.  With \b-i\b specifies that the value will be displayed as an unsigned integer."
468 "Puts each \aname\a on the export list.  See \bexport\b(1).  \aname\a cannot contain a \b.\b."
469 "Associative array.  Each \aname\a will converted to an associate array.  If a variable already exists, the current value will become index \b0\b."
470 "Compound variable.  Each \aname\a will be a compound variable.  If \avalue\a names a compound variable it will be copied to \aname\a. Otherwise if the variable already exists, it will first be unset."
471 "Floating point number represented in scientific notation. \an\a specifies the number of significant figures when the value is expanded."
472 "Floating point.  \an\a is the number of places after the decimal point when the value is expanded."
473 "Hostname mapping.  Each \aname\a holds a native pathname.  Assigning a UNIX format pathname will cause it to be converted to a pathname suitable for the current host.  This has no effect when the native system is UNIX."
474 "Left justify.  If \an\a is given it represents the field width.  If the \b-Z\b attribute is also specified, then leading zeros are stripped."
475 "mapping"
476 "\amapping\a is the name of a character mapping known by \bwctrans\b(3) such as \btolower\b or \btoupper\b.  When the option value \bmapping\b is omitted and there are no operands, all mapped variables are displayed."
477 "Right justify.  If \an\a is given it represents the field width.  If the \b-Z\b attribute is also specified, then zeros will be used as the fill character.  Otherwise, spaces are used."
478 "n:=2*sizeof(long long)"
479 "Floating point number represented in hexadecimal notation.  \an\a specifies the number of significant figures when the value is expanded."
480 "string"
481 "Used within a type definition to provide a help string  for variable \aname\a.  Otherwise, it is ignored."
482 "Used with a type definition to indicate that the variable is shared by each instance of the type.  When used inside a function defined with the \bfunction\b reserved word, the specified variables will have function static scope.  Otherwise, the variable is unset prior to processing the assignment list."
483 "tname"
484 "\atname\a is the name of a type name given to each \aname\a."
485 "Zero fill.  If \an\a is given it represents the field width."
486 "\breadonly\b(1), \bexport\b(1)"
487 "ulimit - set or display resource limits"
488 "\bulimit\b sets or displays resource limits.  These limits apply to the current process and to each child process created after the resource limit has been set.  If \alimit\a is specified, the resource limit is set, otherwise, its current value is displayed on standard output."
489 "Increasing the limit for a resource usually requires special privileges.  Some systems allow you to lower resource limits and later increase them.  These are called soft limits.  Once a hard limit is set the resource can not be increased."
490 "Different systems allow you to specify different resources and some restrict how much you can raise the limit of the resource."
491 "The value of \alimit\a depends on the unit of the resource listed for each resource.  In addition, \alimit\a can be \bunlimited\b to indicate no limit for that resource."
492 "If you do not specify \b-H\b or \b-S\b, then \b-S\b is used for listing and both \b-S\b and \b-H\b are used for setting resources."
493 "If you do not specify any resource, the default is \b-f\b."
494 "A hard limit is set or displayed."
495 "A soft limit is set or displayed."
496 "Displays all current resource limits"
497 "as"
498 "The address space limit in Kibytes."
499 "core"
500 "The core file size in blocks."
501 "cpu"
502 "The cpu time in seconds."
503 "data"
504 "The data size in Kibytes."
505 "fsize"
506 "The file size in blocks."
507 "locks"
508 "The number of file locks."
509 "memlock"
510 "The locked address space in Kibytes."
511 "msgqueue"
512 "The message queue size in Kibytes."
513 "nice"
514 "The scheduling priority."
515 "nofile"
516 "The number of open files."
517 "nproc"
518 "The number of processes."
519 "pipe"
520 "The pipe buffer size in bytes."
521 "rss"
522 "The max memory size in Kibytes."
523 "rtprio"
524 "The max real time priority."
525 "sbsize"
526 "The socket buffer size in bytes."
527 "sigpend"
528 "The signal queue size."
529 "stack"
530 "The stack size in Kibytes."
531 "swap"
532 "The swap size in Kibytes."
533 "threads"
534 "The number of threads."
535 "vmem"
536 "The process size in Kibytes."
537 "[limit]"
538 "A request for a higher limit was rejected or an error occurred."
539 "\bulimit\b(2), \bgetrlimit\b(2)"
540 "umask - get or set the file creation mask"
541 "\bumask\b sets the file creation mask of the current shell execution environment to the value specified by the \amask\a operand.  This mask affects the file permission bits of subsequently created files.  \amask\a can either be an octal number or a symbolic value as described in \bchmod\b(1).  If a symbolic value is given, the new file creation mask is the complement of the result of applying \amask\a to the complement of the current file creation mask."
542 "If \amask\a is not specified, \bumask\b writes the value of the file creation mask for the current process to standard output."
543 "Causes the file creation mask to be written or treated as a symbolic value rather than an octal number."
544 "[mask]"
545 "The file creation mask was successfully changed, or no \amask\a operand was supplied."
546 "\bchmod\b(1)"
547 "unalias - remove alias definitions"
548 "\bunalias\b removes the definition of each named alias from the current shell execution environment, or all aliases if \b-a\b is specified.  It will not affect any commands that have already been read and subsequently executed."
549 "Causes all alias definitions to be removed.  \aname\a operands are optional and ignored in this case."
550 "name..."
551 "\b-a\b was not specified and one or more \aname\a operands did not have an alias definition, or an error occurred."
552 "\balias\b(1)"
553 "unset - unset values and attributes of variables and functions"
554 "For each \aname\a specified, \bunset\b  unsets the variable, or function if \b-f\b is specified, from the current shell execution environment.  Readonly variables cannot be unset."
555 "If \aname\a refers to variable that is a reference, the variable \aname\a will be unset rather than the variable it references.  Otherwise, is is equivalent to \b-v\b."
556 "\aname\a refers to a function name and the shell will unset the function definition."
557 "\aname\a refers to a variable name and the shell will unset it and remove it from the environment.  This is the default behavior."
558 "All \aname\as were successfully unset."
559 "One or more \aname\a operands could not be unset or an error occurred."
560 "\btypeset\b(1)"
561 "[dir] [list]"
562 "[top] [base]"
563 "wait - wait for process or job completion"
564 "\bwait\b with no operands, waits until all jobs known to the invoking shell have terminated.  If one or more \ajob\a operands are specified, \bwait\b waits until all of them have completed."
565 "If one ore more \ajob\a operands is a process id or process group id not known by the current shell environment, \bwait\b treats each of them as if it were a process that exited with status 127."
566 "If \await\a is invoked with one or more \ajob\as, and all of them have terminated or were not known by the invoking shell, the exit status of \bwait\b  will be that of the last \ajob\a.  Otherwise, it will be one of the following:"
567 "\bwait\b utility was invoked with no operands and all processes known by the invoking process have terminated."
568 "\ajob\a is a process id or process group id that is unknown to the current shell environment."
569 "\bjobs\b(1), \bps\b(1)"
570 "whence - locate a command and describe its type"
571 "Without \b-v\b, \bwhence\b writes on standard output an absolute pathname, if any, corresponding to \aname\a based on the complete search order that the shell uses.  If \aname\a is not found, then no output is produced."
572 "If \b-v\b is specified, the output will also contain information that indicates how the given \aname\a would be interpreted by the shell in the current execution environment."
573 "Displays all uses for each \aname\a rather than the first."
574 "Do not check for functions."
575 "Do not check to see if \aname\a is a reserved word, a built-in, an alias, or a function.  This turns off the \b-v\b option."
576 "Quiet mode. Returns 0 if all arguments are built-ins, functions, or are programs found on the path."
577 "For each name you specify, the shell displays a line that indicates if that name is one of the following:"
578 "Reserved word"
579 "Alias"
580 "Built-in"
581 "Undefined function"
582 "Function"
583 "Tracked alias"
584 "Program"
585 "name  ..."
586 "Each \aname\a was found by the shell."
587 "One or more \aname\as were not found by the shell."
588 "\bcommand\b(1)"
589 "%c: unrecognized history modifier"
590 "%d: mode changed to JMP_EXIT"
591 "%s must name an array  containing at least two elements"
592 "%s%s: no previous substitution"
593 "%s%s: substitution failed"
594 "%s:  invalid value %s"
595 "%s: bad word specifier"
596 "%s: can only be used in a function"
597 "%s: close error"
598 "%s: dup failed"
599 "%s: event not found"
600 "%s: invalid date/time string"
601 "%s: invalid descriptor"
602 "%s: invalid fd"
603 "%s: invalid mode string"
604 "%s: invalid mode"
605 "%s: invalid process id"
606 "%s: invalid timeout"
607 "%s: not a known type name"
608 "%s: open failed"
609 "%s: stat failed"
610 "%s: tmpfile failed"
611 "%s: type not loadable"
612 "%s: unable to create namespace"
613 "%s: unknown namespace"
614 "%s: unknown type"
615 "-%c and -f are mutually exclusive"
616 "-R requires scriptname"
617 ".sh.type"
618 ";vdb;CIAO/ksh"
619 "Abort"
620 "Alarm call"
621 "All threads blocked"
622 "Asynchronous I/O"
623 "BASH_VERSION"
624 "Bad system call"
625 "Broken Pipe"
626 "Bus error"
627 "DIL signal"
628 "Death of Child"
629 "EMT trap"
630 "Exceeded CPU time limit"
631 "Exceeded file size limit"
632 "Exceeded resource control"
633 "Floating exception"
634 "Grant monitor mode"
635 "Hangup"
636 "Highest priority realtime signal"
637 "History file write error-%d %s: file unrecoverable"
638 "IO signal"
639 "Illegal instruction"
640 "Inf"
641 "Information request"
642 "Interrupt"
643 "Killed"
644 "Lowest priority realtime signal"
645 "MACHTYPE"
646 "Memory fault"
647 "Migrate process"
648 "NaN"
649 "Phone interrupt"
650 "Polling alarm"
651 "Power fail"
652 "Predictive processor deconfiguration"
653 "Profiling time alarm"
654 "Programming exception"
655 "Quit"
656 "Relinquish monitor mode"
657 "Resources lost"
658 "Ring buffer input data"
659 "SIGAPOLLO"
660 "Scheduling - reserved"
661 "Secure attention key"
662 "Security label changed"
663 "Socket interrupt"
664 "Sound completed"
665 "Special signal used by CPR"
666 "Special signal used by Java Virtual Machine"
667 "Special signal used by thread library"
668 "Stack Fault"
669 "Stopped (SIGSTOP)"
670 "Stopped (SIGTTIN)"
671 "Stopped (SIGTTOU)"
672 "Stopped process continued"
673 "Stopped"
674 "System crash soon"
675 "Terminated"
676 "Thread cancellation"
677 "Trace/BPT trap"
678 "UNIVERSE"
679 "User signal 1"
680 "User signal 2"
681 "Virtual time alarm"
682 "Virtual timer alarm"
683 "Window size change"
684 "adding built-ins not supported"
685 "adding empty subscript"
686 "cannot append index array to associative array %s"
687 "cannot change associative array %s to index array"
688 "cannot find array variable %s"
689 "couldn't create poll count variable %s"
690 "couldn't create pollfd %s[%s].revents"
691 "ed not found set FCEDIT"
692 "failure"
693 "hist_flush: EOF seek failed errno=%d"
694 "invalid pollfd fd %d"
695 "is"
696 "ksh bash emulation, version "
697 "line %d: Invariant test"
698 "missing pollfd %s[%s].events"
699 "missing pollfd %s[%s].fd"
700 "missing pollfd events value"
701 "option argument cannot be greater than %d"
702 "out of space"
703 "seek error"
704 "unknown"
705 "variable %s is not an array"
706 "vmbusy() inside job_reap() -- should not happen"
707 "nknown"
708 "recision"
709 "known"
710 "cannot execute"
711 "bad file unit number"
712 "not found"
713 "restricted"
714 "bad substitution"
715 "in"
716 "permission denied"
717 "cannot set alarm"
718 "%s: Ambiguous"
719 "%s: function has wrong number of arguments"
720 "invalid argument of type %c"
721 "argument expected"
722 "%s: invalid append to associative array"
723 "%s: invalid use of :"
724 "%s: invalid discipline function"
725 "%s: only simple variables can be exported"
726 "%d: negative field size"
727 "%s: invalid function name"
728 "%s: unknown locale"
729 "%s: invalid name"
730 "%s: bad number"
731 "%s: unknown operator"
732 "%d-%d: invalid range"
733 "%s: reference variable cannot be an array"
734 "%s: invalid regular expression"
735 "%c: invalid subscript in assignment"
736 "incorrect syntax"
737 "%c: bad format character in time format"
738 "%s: type definition requires compound assignment"
739 "write to %d failed"
740 "cannot get %s"
741 "cannot set %s"
742 "%s: invalid character constant"
743 "-c requires argument"
744 "condition(s) required"
745 "(coredump)"
746 "%s: cannot create"
747 "%s: function not defined"
748 "bad directory"
749 "%s: domain exception"
750 " Done"
751 "end of file"
752 "-e - requires single argument"
753 "%s: cannot execute"
754 "%s: file already exists"
755 "%s: bad format"
756 "%c: unknown format specifier"
757 "%s: not found"
758 "%s: unknown function"
759 "function, built-in or type definition for %s not found in %s"
760 "%s: global reference cannot refer to local variable"
761 "Current option settings"
762 "history file cannot open"
763 "no history file"
764 "%s: is not an identifier"
765 "You have running jobs"
766 "%s: Arguments must be %%job, process ids, or job pool names"
767 "%c: invalid character in expression - %s"
768 "line %d: '^' as first character in character class not portable"
769 "line %d: empty for list"
770 "line %d: escape %c to avoid ambiguities"
771 "line %d: \\ in front of %c reserved for future use"
772 "line %d: label %s ignored"
773 "line %d: %s unknown label"
774 "line %d: %c quote may be missing"
775 "line %d: spaces required for nested subshell"
776 "line %d: `&>file' is nonstandard -- interpreted as `>file 2>&1' for profile input only"
777 "line %d: `...` obsolete, use $(...)"
778 "line %d: -a obsolete, use -e"
779 "line %d: '=' obsolete, use '=='"
780 "line %d: %s within [[...]] obsolete, use ((...))"
781 "line %d: set %s obsolete"
782 "line %d: `{' instead of `in' is obsolete"
783 "line %d: quote %c to avoid ambiguities"
784 "line %d: $ not preceded by \\"
785 "line %d: use space or tab to separate operators %c and %c"
786 "syntax error at line %d: `%s' %s"
787 "syntax error: `%s' %s"
788 "syntax error at line %d: duplicate label %s"
789 "syntax error at line %d: invalid reference list"
790 "syntax error at line %d: `<<%s' here-document not contained within command substitution"
791 "line %d: %s invalid typeset option order"
792 "line %d: use braces to avoid ambiguities with $id[...]"
793 "line %d: %c within ${} should be quoted"
794 "%d: invalid binary script version"
795 "line %d: variable expansion makes arithmetic evaluation less efficient"
796 "zero byte"
797 "Use 'exit' to terminate this shell"
798 "you have mail in $_"
799 "-M requires argument when operands are specified"
800 "%s missing"
801 "%s: more tokens expected"
802 "newline"
803 "Switching to new tty driver..."
804 "No job control"
805 "no such job"
806 "no such process"
807 "Cannot start job control"
808 "%s: alias not found\n"
809 "cannot fork"
810 "%s: label not implemented"
811 "%s: no reference name"
812 "%s: unknown signal name"
813 "out of memory"
814 "not supported"
815 "%.*s: is not an element of %s"
816 "%s: not an enumeration type"
817 "%s: not implemented"
818 "%s: assignment requires lvalue"
819 "%s: parameter not set"
820 "cannot unset attribute C or A or a"
821 "universe not accessible"
822 "%s: parameter null"
823 "off"
824 "Reverting to old tty driver..."
825 "on"
826 "one operand expected"
827 "%s: cannot open"
828 "%s: bad option(s)"
829 "%s: overflow exception"
830 "%s: limit exceeded"
831 "%s: unbalanced parenthesis"
832 "process already exists"
833 "%s: disabled in profile shell"
834 "cannot create pipe"
835 "login setuid/setgid shells prohibited"
836 "cannot access parent directories"
837 "no query process"
838 "%s: ':' expected for '?' operator"
839 "%s: is read only"
840 "%s: type cannot be redefined"
841 "redirection failed"
842 "%s: is a required element of %s"
843 "%s: restricted"
844 " Running"
845 "%s: invalid self reference"
846 "Signal %d"
847 "%s: singularity exception"
848 "%s: defined as a static function in type %s and cannot be redefined"
849 "%s: compound assignment requires sub-variable name"
850 "%s: subscript out of range"
851 "%s: bad substitution"
852 "%s: arithmetic syntax error"
853 "You have stopped jobs"
854 "timed out waiting for input"
855 "\r\n\ashell will timeout in 60 seconds due to inactivity"
856 "cannot create temporary file"
857 "tolower"
858 "%s: recursion too deep"
859 "open file limit exceeded"
860 "%s: bad trap"
861 "%s:  array instance incompatible with type assignment"
862 "unexpected"
863 "%s: unknown mapping name"
864 "%.*s: unknown type"
865 "unmatched"
866 "%s: invalid variable name"
867 "_=ksh"
868 "%s is an alias for "
869 " is a shell builtin"
870 "is a shell builtin version of"
871 " is a function"
872 " is a keyword"
873 " is a special shell builtin"
874 "is a tracked alias for"
875 " is an undefined function"
876 "%s is an exported alias for "
877 "precision"
878 "/tmp/euidXXXXXXXXXX"
879 ".sh.math."
880 "quoted:"
881 " [name]"
882 "HLNRSVOGCaeohrwxdcbfugkvlpsnzt"