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If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] .TH ber_encode 3LDAP "6 Oct 2008" "SunOS 5.11" "LDAP Library Functions" .SH NAME ber_encode, ber_alloc, ber_printf, ber_put_int, ber_put_ostring, ber_put_string, ber_put_null, ber_put_boolean, ber_put_bitstring, ber_start_seq, ber_start_set, ber_put_seq, ber_put_set \- simplified Basic Encoding Rules library encoding functions .SH SYNOPSIS .LP .nf cc[ \fIflag\fR... ] \fIfile\fR... -lldap[ \fIlibrary\fR... ] #include \fBBerElement *\fR\fBber_alloc\fR(); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_printf\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR, \fBchar\fR \fI**fmt\fR[, \fIarg\fR... ]); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_put_int\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR, \fBlong\fR \fInum\fR, \fBchar\fR \fItag\fR); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_put_ostring\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR, \fBchar\fR \fI**str\fR, \fBunsigned long\fR \fIlen\fR, \fBchar\fR \fItag\fR); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_put_string\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR, \fBchar\fR \fI**str\fR, \fBchar\fR \fItag\fR); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_put_null\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR, \fBchar\fR \fItag\fR); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_put_boolean\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR, \fBint\fR \fIbool\fR, \fBchar\fR \fItag\fR); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_put_bitstring\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR, \fBchar\fR \fI*str\fR, \fBint\fR \fIblen\fR, \fBchar\fR \fItag\fR); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_start_seq\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR, \fBchar\fR \fItag\fR); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_start_set\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR, \fBchar\fR \fItag\fR); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_put_seq\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR); .fi .LP .nf \fB\fR\fBber_put_set\fR(\fBBerElement\fR \fI*ber\fR); .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .sp .LP These functions provide a subfunction interface to a simplified implementation of the Basic Encoding Rules of ASN.1. The version of BER these functions support is the one defined for the LDAP protocol. The encoding rules are the same as BER, except that only definite form lengths are used, and bitstrings and octet strings are always encoded in primitive form. In addition, these lightweight BER functions restrict tags and class to fit in a single octet (this means the actual tag must be less than 31). When a "tag"is specified in the descriptions below, it refers to the tag, class, and primitive or constructed bit in the first octet of the encoding. This man page describes the encoding functions in the lber library. See \fBber_decode\fR(3LDAP) for details on the corresponding decoding functions. .sp .LP Normally, the only functions that need be called by an application are \fBber_alloc()\fR, to allocate a \fBBER\fR element, and \fBber_printf()\fR to do the actual encoding. The other functions are provided for those applications that need more control than \fBber_printf()\fR provides. In general, these functions return the length of the element encoded, or \fB\(mi1\fR if an error occurred. .sp .LP The \fBber_alloc()\fR function is used to allocate a new BER element. .sp .LP The \fBber_printf()\fR function is used to encode a BER element in much the same way that \fBsprintf(3S)\fR works. One important difference, though, is that some state information is kept with the \fIber\fR parameter so that multiple calls can be made to \fBber_printf()\fR to append things to the end of the BER element. \fBBer_printf()\fR writes to \fIber\fR, a pointer to a \fBBerElement\fR such as returned by \fBber_alloc()\fR. It interprets and formats its arguments according to the format string \fBfmt\fR. The format string can contain the following characters: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBb\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Boolean. An integer parameter should be supplied. A boolean element is output. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBB\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Bitstring. A \fBchar *\fR pointer to the start of the bitstring is supplied, followed by the number of bits in the bitstring. A bitstring element is output. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBi\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Integer. An integer parameter should be supplied. An integer element is output. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBn\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Null. No parameter is required. A null element is output. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBo\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Octet string. A \fBchar *\fR is supplied, followed by the length of the string pointed to. An octet string element is output. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBO\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Octet string. A \fBstruct berval *\fR is supplied. An octet string element is output. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBs\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Octet string. A null-terminated string is supplied. An octet string element is output, not including the trailing null octet. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBt\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Tag. An int specifying the tag to give the next element is provided. This works across calls. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBv\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Several octet strings. A null-terminated array of \fBchar *\fR is supplied. Note that a construct like '{v}' is required to get an actual sequence of octet strings. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB{\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Begin sequence. No parameter is required. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB}\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt End sequence. No parameter is required. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB[\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt Begin set. No parameter is required. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB]\fR\fR .ad .RS 5n .rt End set. No parameter is required. .RE .sp .LP The \fBber_put_int()\fR function writes the integer element \fInum\fR to the BER element \fIber\fR. .sp .LP The \fBber_put_boolean()\fR function writes the boolean value given by \fIbool\fR to the BER element. .sp .LP The \fBber_put_bitstring()\fR function writes \fIblen\fR bits starting at \fIstr\fR as a bitstring value to the given BER element. Note that \fIblen\fR is the length in \fIbits\fR of the bitstring. .sp .LP The \fBber_put_ostring()\fR function writes \fIlen\fR bytes starting at \fIstr\fR to the BER element as an octet string. .sp .LP The \fBber_put_string()\fR function writes the null-terminated string (minus the terminating '') to the BER element as an octet string. .sp .LP The \fBber_put_null()\fR function writes a \fINULL\fR element to the BER element. .sp .LP The \fBber_start_seq()\fR function is used to start a sequence in the BER element. The \fBber_start_set()\fR function works similarly. The end of the sequence or set is marked by the nearest matching call to \fBber_put_seq()\fR or \fBber_put_set()\fR, respectively. .sp .LP The \fBber_first_element()\fR function is used to return the tag and length of the first element in a set or sequence. It also returns in \fIcookie\fR a magic cookie parameter that should be passed to subsequent calls to \fBber_next_element()\fR, which returns similar information. .SH EXAMPLES .LP \fBExample 1 \fRAssuming the following variable declarations, and that the variables have been assigned appropriately, an BER encoding of the following ASN.1 object: .sp .in +2 .nf AlmostASearchRequest := SEQUENCE { baseObject DistinguishedName, scope ENUMERATED { baseObject (0), singleLevel (1), wholeSubtree (2) }, derefAliases ENUMERATED { neverDerefaliases (0), derefInSearching (1), derefFindingBaseObj (2), alwaysDerefAliases (3N) }, sizelimit INTEGER (0 .. 65535), timelimit INTEGER (0 .. 65535), attrsOnly BOOLEAN, attributes SEQUENCE OF AttributeType } .fi .in -2 .sp .LP can be achieved like so: .sp .in +2 .nf int scope, ali, size, time, attrsonly; char *dn, **attrs; /* ... fill in values ... */ if ( (ber = ber_alloc(\|)) == NULLBER ) /* error */ if ( ber_printf( ber, "{siiiib{v}}", dn, scope, ali, size, time, attrsonly, attrs ) == -1 ) /* error */ else /* success */ .fi .in -2 .SH RETURN VALUES .sp .LP If an error occurs during encoding, \fBber_alloc()\fR returns \fINULL\fR; other functions generally return \fB\(mi1\fR\&. .SH ATTRIBUTES .sp .LP See \fBattributes\fR(5) for a description of the following attributes: .sp .sp .TS tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) . ATTRIBUTE TYPEATTRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface StabilityCommitted .TE .SH SEE ALSO .sp .LP \fBber_decode\fR(3LDAP), \fBattributes\fR(5) .sp .LP Yeong, W., Howes, T., and Hardcastle-Kille, S., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol", OSI-DS-26, April 1992. .sp .LP Information Processing - Open Systems Interconnection - Model and Notation - Service Definition - Specification of Basic Encoding Rules for Abstract Syntax Notation One, International Organization for Standardization, International Standard 8825. .SH NOTES .sp .LP The return values for all of these functions are declared in \fB\fR.