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If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] .TH TAPES 8 "Feb 17, 2023" .SH NAME tapes \- creates /dev entries for tape drives attached to the system .SH SYNOPSIS .nf \fB/usr/sbin/tapes\fR [\fB-r\fR \fIroot_dir\fR] .fi .SH DESCRIPTION \fBdevfsadm\fR(8) is now the preferred command for \fB/dev\fR and \fB/devices\fR and should be used instead of \fBtapes\fR. .sp .LP \fBtapes\fR creates symbolic links in the \fB/dev/rmt\fR directory to the actual tape device special files under the \fB/devices\fR directory tree. \fBtapes\fR searches the kernel device tree to see what tape devices are attached to the system. For each equipped tape drive, the following steps are performed: .RS +4 .TP 1. The \fB/dev/rmt\fR directory is searched for a \fB/dev/rmt/\fR\fIn\fR entry that is a symbolic link to the \fB/devices\fR special node of the current tape drive. If one is found, this determines the logical controller number of the tape drive. .RE .RS +4 .TP 2. The rest of the special devices associated with the drive are checked, and incorrect symbolic links are removed and necessary ones added. .RE .RS +4 .TP 3. If none are found, a new logical controller number is assigned (the lowest-unused number), and new symbolic links are created for all the special devices associated with the drive. .RE .sp .LP \fBtapes\fR does not remove links to non-existent devices; these must be removed by hand. .sp .LP \fBtapes\fR is run each time a reconfiguration-boot is performed, or when \fBadd_drv\fR(8) is executed. .SS "Notice to Driver Writers" \fBtapes\fR(8) considers all devices with the node type \fBDDI_NT_TAPE\fR to be tape devices; these devices must have their minor name created with a specific format. The minor name encodes operational modes for the tape device and consists of an \fBASCII\fR string of the form [ \fBl\fR,\fBm\fR,\fBh\fR,\fBc\fR,\fBu\fR ][ \fBb\fR ][ \fBn\fR ]. .sp .LP The first character set is used to specify the tape density of the device, and are named low (\fBl\fR), medium (\fBm\fR), high (\fBh\fR), compressed (\fBc\fR), and ultra (\fBu\fR). These specifiers only express a relative density; it is up to the driver to assign specific meanings as needed. For example, 9 track tape devices interpret these as actual bits-per-inch densities, where \fBl\fR means 800 \fBBPI\fR, \fBm\fR means 1600 \fBBPI\fR, and \fBh\fR means 6250 \fBBPI\fR, whereas 4mm \fBDAT\fR tapes defines \fBl\fR as standard format, and \fBm\fR, \fBh\fR, \fBc\fR and \fBu\fR as compressed format. Drivers may choose to implement any or all of these format types. .sp .LP During normal tape operation (non-\fBBSD\fR behavior), once an \fBEOF\fR mark has been reached, subsequent reads from the tape device return an error. An explicit IOCTL must be issued to space over the \fBEOF\fR mark before the next file can be read. \fBb\fR instructs the device to observe \fBBSD\fR behavior, where reading at \fBEOF\fR will cause the tape device to automatically space over the \fBEOF\fR mark and begin reading from the next file. .sp .LP \fBn\fR or no-rewind-on-close instructs the driver to not rewind to the beginning of tape when the device is closed. Normal behavior for tape devices is to reposition to BOT when closing. See \fBmtio\fR(4I). .sp .LP The minor number for tape devices should be created by encoding the device's instance number using the tape macro \fBMTMINOR\fR and ORing in the proper combination of density, \fBBSD\fR behavior, and no-rewind flags. See \fBmtio\fR(4I). .sp .LP To prevent \fBtapes\fR from attempting to automatically generate links for a device, drivers must specify a private node type and refrain from using the node type string \fBDDI_NT_TAPE\fR when calling \fBddi_create_minor_node\fR(9F). .SH OPTIONS The following options are supported: .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-r\fR \fIroot_dir\fR\fR .ad .RS 15n Causes \fBtapes\fR to presume that the \fB/dev/rmt\fR directory tree is found under \fIroot_dir\fR, not directly under \fB/\fR. .RE .SH ERRORS If \fBtapes\fR finds entries of a particular logical controller linked to different physical controllers, it prints an error message and exits without making any changes to the \fB/dev\fR directory, since it cannot determine which of the two alternative logical to physical mappings is correct. The links should be manually corrected or removed before another reconfiguration boot is performed. .SH EXAMPLES \fBExample 1 \fRCreating Tape Device Nodes From Within the Driver's \fBattach()\fR Function .sp .LP This example demonstrates creating tape device nodes from within the \fBxktape\fR driver's \fBattach\fR(9E) function. .sp .in +2 .nf #include struct tape_minor_info { char *minor_name; int minor_mode; }; /* * create all combinations of logical tapes */ static struct tape_minor_info example_tape[] = { {"", 0}, /* default tape */ {"l", MT_DENSITY1}, {"lb", MT_DENSITY1 | MT_BSD}, {"lbn", MT_DENSITY1 | MT_BSD | MT_NOREWIND}, {"m", MT_DENSITY2}, {"mb", MT_DENSITY2 | MT_BSD}, {"mbn", MT_DENSITY2 | MT_BSD | MT_NOREWIND}, {"h", MT_DENSITY3}, {"hb", MT_DENSITY3 | MT_BSD}, {"hbn", MT_DENSITY3 | MT_BSD | MT_NOREWIND}, {"c", MT_DENSITY4}, {"cb", MT_DENSITY4 | MT_BSD}, {"cbn", MT_DENSITY4| MT_BSD | MT_NOREWIND}, {NULL, 0}, }; int xktapeattach(dev_info_t *dip, ddi_attach_cmd_t cmd) { int instance; struct tape_minor_info *mdp; /* other stuff in attach... */ instance = ddi_get_instance(dip); for (mdp = example_tape; mdp->minor_name != NULL; mdp++) { ddi_create_minor_node(dip, mdp->minor_name, S_IFCHR, (MTMINOR(instance) | mdp->minor_mode), DDI_NT_TAPE, 0); } .fi .in -2 .sp .LP Installing the \fBxktape\fR driver on a Sun Fire 4800, with the driver controlling a \fBSCSI\fR tape (target 4 attached to an \fBisp\fR(4D) \fBSCSI HBA)\fR and performing a reconfiguration-boot creates the following special files in \fB/devices\fR. .sp .in +2 .nf # ls -l /devices/ssm@0,0/pci@18,700000/pci@1/SUNW,isptwo@4 crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,136 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0: crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,200 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:b crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,204 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:bn crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,152 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:c crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,216 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:cb crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,220 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:cbn crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,156 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:cn crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,144 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:h crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,208 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:hb crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,212 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:hbn crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,148 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:hn crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,128 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:l crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,192 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:lb crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,196 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:lbn crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,132 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:ln crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,136 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:m crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,200 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:mb crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,204 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:mbn crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,140 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:mn crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,140 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:n .fi .in -2 .sp .LP \fB/dev/rmt\fR will contain the logical tape devices (symbolic links to tape devices in \fB/devices\fR). .sp .in +2 .nf # ls -l /dev/rmt /dev/rmt/0 -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0: /dev/rmt/0b -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:b /dev/rmt/0bn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:bn /dev/rmt/0c -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:c /dev/rmt/0cb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:cb /dev/rmt/0cbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:cbn /dev/rmt/0cn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:cn /dev/rmt/0h -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:h /dev/rmt/0hb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:hb /dev/rmt/0hbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:hbn /dev/rmt/0hn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:hn /dev/rmt/0l -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:l /dev/rmt/0lb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:lb /dev/rmt/0lbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:lbn /dev/rmt/0ln -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:ln /dev/rmt/0m -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:m /dev/rmt/0mb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:mb /dev/rmt/0mbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:mbn /dev/rmt/0mn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:mn /dev/rmt/0n -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:n .fi .in -2 .SH FILES .ne 2 .na \fB\fB/dev/rmt/*\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n logical tape devices .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB/devices/*\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n tape device nodes .RE .SH SEE ALSO .BR isp (4D), .BR devfs (4FS), .BR mtio (4I), .BR attributes (7), .BR add_drv (8), .BR devfsadm (8), .BR attach (9E), .BR ddi_create_minor_node (9F) .sp .LP \fI\fR .SH BUGS \fBtapes\fR silently ignores malformed minor device names.