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.\" Copyright (C) 2008, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved
.\" Copyright 2014 Nexenta Systems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
.\" Copyright 2016 Jason King.
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.Dd November 22, 2021
.Dt SHARE_NFS 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm share_nfs
.Nd make local NFS file systems available for mounting by remote systems
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm share
.Op Fl d Ar description
.Op Fl F Sy nfs
.Op Fl o Ar specific_options
.Ar pathname
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm share
utility makes local file systems available for mounting by remote systems.
It starts the
.Xr nfsd 8
and
.Xr mountd 8
daemons if they are not already running.
.Pp
If no argument is specified, then
.Nm share
displays all file systems currently shared, including NFS file systems and file
systems shared through other distributed file system packages.
.Sh OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
.Bl -tag -width "indented"
.It Fl d Ar description
Provide a comment that describes the file system to be shared.
.It Fl F Sy nfs
Share NFS file system type.
.It Fl o Ar specific_options
Specify
.Ar specific_options
in a comma-separated list of keywords and attribute-value-assertions for
interpretation by the file-system-type-specific command.
If
.Ar specific_options
is not specified, then by default sharing is read-write to all clients.
.Ar specific_options
can be any combination of the following:
.Bl -tag -width "indented"
.It Sy aclok
Allows the NFS server to do access control for NFS Version 2 clients (running
SunOS 2.4 or earlier).
When
.Sy aclok
is set on the server, maximal access is given to all clients.
For example, with
.Sy aclok
set, if anyone has read permissions, then everyone does.
If
.Sy aclok
is not set, minimal access is given to all clients.
.It Sy anon Ns = Ns Ar uid
Set
.Ar uid
to be the effective user ID of unknown users.
By default, unknown users are given the effective user ID UID_NOBODY.
If uid is set to -1, access is denied.
.It Ar charset Ns = Ns Ar access_list
Where
.Ar charset
is one of: euc-cn, euc-jp, euc-jpms, euc-kr, euc-tw, iso8859-1, iso8859-2,
iso8859-5, iso8859-6, iso8859-7, iso8859-8, iso8859-9, iso8859-13, iso8859-15,
koi8-r.
.Pp
Clients that match the
.Ar access_list
for one of these properties will be assumed to be using that character set and
file and path names will be converted to UTF-8 for the server.
.It Sy gidmap Ns = Ns Ar mapping Ns Oo ~ Ns Ar mapping Oc Ns ...
Where
.Ar mapping
is:
.Oo Ar clnt Oc : Ns Oo Ar srv Oc : Ns Ar access_list
.Pp
Allows remapping the group ID (gid) in the incoming request to some other gid.
This effectively changes the identity of the user in the request to that of
some other local user.
.Pp
For clients where the gid in the incoming request is
.Ar clnt
and the client matches the
.Ar access_list ,
change the group ID to
.Ar srv .
If
.Ar clnt
is asterisk (*), all groups are mapped by this rule.
If
.Ar clnt
is omitted, all unknown groups are mapped by this rule.
If
.Ar srv
is set to -1, access is denied.
If
.Ar srv
is omitted, the gid is mapped to UID_NOBODY.
.Pp
The particular
.Ar mapping Ns s
are separated in the
.Sy gidmap Ns =
option by tilde (~) and are evaluated in the specified order until a match is
found.
Both
.Sy root Ns =
and
.Sy root_mapping Ns =
options (if specified) are evaluated before the
.Sy gidmap Ns =
option.
The
.Sy gidmap Ns =
option is skipped in the case where the client matches the
.Sy root Ns =
option.
.Pp
The
.Sy gidmap Ns =
option is evaluated before the
.Sy anon Ns =
option.
.Pp
This option is supported only for AUTH_SYS.
.It Sy index Ns = Ns Ar file
Load
.Ar file
rather than a listing of the directory containing this file when the
directory is referenced by an NFS URL.
.It Sy log Ns Oo = Ns Ar tag Oc
Enables NFS server logging for the specified file system.
The optional
.Ar tag
determines the location of the related log files.
The
.Ar tag
is defined in
.Pa /etc/nfs/nfslog.conf .
If no
.Ar tag
is specified, the default values associated with the global tag in
.Pa /etc/nfs/nfslog.conf
are used.
Support of NFS server logging is only available for NFS Version 2 and
Version 3 requests.
.It Sy nohide
By default, if server exports two filesystems, one of which is mounted as a
child of the other, NFS Version 2 and Version 3 clients must mount both
filesystems explicitly in order to access them.
If a client only mounts the parent, it will see an empty directory at the
location where the other filesystem is mounted.
.Pp
Setting the
.Sy nohide
option on a filesystem causes it to no longer be hidden in this manner, and the
client will be able to move from the parent filesystem to this one without
noticing the change.
However, some NFS clients or applications may not function correctly when
this option is used.
In particular, files on different underlying filesystems may appear to have
the same inode numbers.
The
.Sy nohide
option only applies to NFS Version 2 and Version 3 requests.
.It Sy noaclfab
By default, the NFS server will fabricate POSIX-draft style ACLs in response
to ACL requests from NFS Version 2 or Version 3 clients accessing shared
file systems that do not support POSIX-draft ACLs (such as ZFS).
Specifying
.Sy noaclfab
disables this behavior.
.It Sy none Ns = Ns Ar access_list
Access is not allowed to any client that matches the access list.
The exception is when the access list is an asterisk (*), in which case
.Sy ro
or
.Sy rw
can override
.Sy none .
.It Sy nosub
Prevents clients from mounting subdirectories of shared directories.
For example, if
.Pa /export
is shared with the
.Sy nosub
option on server
.Qq fooey
then a NFS client cannot do:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
mount -F nfs fooey:/export/home/mnt
.Ed
.Pp
NFS Version 4 does not use the MOUNT protocol.
The
.Sy nosub
option only applies to NFS Version 2 and Version 3 requests.
.It Sy nosuid
By default, clients are allowed to create files on the shared file system with
the setuid or setgid mode enabled.
Specifying
.Sy nosuid
causes the server file system to silently ignore any attempt to enable the
setuid or setgid mode bits.
.It Sy public
Moves the location of the public file handle from root
.Pa ( / )
to the exported directory for WebNFS-enabled browsers and clients.
This option does not enable WebNFS service; WebNFS is always on.
Only one file system per server may use this option.
Any other option, including the
.Sy ro Ns = Ns Ar list
and
.Sy rw Ns = Ns Ar list
options can be included with the
.Sy public
option.
.It Sy ro
Sharing is read-only to all clients.
.It Sy ro Ns = Ns Ar access_list
Sharing is read-only to the clients listed in
.Ar access_list ;
overrides the
.Sy rw
suboption for the clients specified.
See
.Sx access_list
below.
.It Sy root Ns = Ns Ar access_list
Only root users from the hosts specified in
.Ar access_list
have root access.
See
.Sx access_list
below.
By default, no host has root access, so root users are mapped to an anonymous
user ID (see the
.Sy anon Ns = Ns Ar uid
option described above).
Netgroups can be used if the file system shared is using UNIX authentication
(AUTH_SYS).
.It Sy root_mapping Ns = Ns Ar uid
For a client that is allowed root access, map the root UID to the specified
user id.
.It Sy rw
Sharing is read-write to all clients.
.It Sy rw Ns = Ns Ar access_list
Sharing is read-write to the clients listed in
.Ar access_list ;
overrides the
.Sy ro
suboption for the clients specified.
See
.Sx access_list
below.
.It Sy sec Ns = Ns Ar mode Ns Oo : Ns Ar mode Oc Ns ...
Sharing uses one or more of the specified security modes.
The
.Ar mode
in the
.Sy sec Ns = Ns Ar mode
option must be a mode name supported on the client.
If the
.Sy sec Ns =
option is not specified, the default security mode used is AUTH_SYS.
Multiple
.Sy sec Ns =
options can be specified on the command line, although each mode can appear
only once.
The security modes are defined in
.Xr nfssec 7 .
.Pp
Each
.Sy sec Ns =
option specifies modes that apply to any subsequent
.Sy window Ns = ,
.Sy rw ,
.Sy ro ,
.Sy rw Ns = ,
.Sy ro Ns = ,
and
.Sy root Ns =
options that are provided before another
.Sy sec Ns =
option.
Each additional
.Sy sec Ns =
resets the security mode context, so that more
.Sy window Ns = ,
.Sy rw ,
.Sy ro ,
.Sy rw Ns = ,
.Sy ro Ns = ,
and
.Sy root Ns =
options can be supplied for additional modes.
.It Sy sec Ns = Ns Sy none
If the option
.Sy sec Ns = Ns Sy none
is specified when the client uses AUTH_NONE, or if the client uses a security
mode that is not one that the file system is shared with, then the credential
of each NFS request is treated as unauthenticated.
See the
.Sy anon Ns = Ns Ar uid
option for a description of how unauthenticated requests are handled.
.It Sy secure
This option has been deprecated in favor of the
.Sy sec Ns = Ns Sy dh
option.
.It Sy uidmap Ns = Ns Ar mapping Ns Oo ~ Ns Ar mapping Oc Ns ...
Where
.Ar mapping
is:
.Oo Ar clnt Oc : Ns Oo Ar srv Oc : Ns Ar access_list
.Pp
Allows remapping the user ID (uid) in the incoming request to some other uid.
This effectively changes the identity of the user in the request to that of
some other local user.
.Pp
For clients where the uid in the incoming request is
.Ar clnt
and the client matches the
.Ar access_list ,
change the user ID to
.Ar srv .
If
.Ar clnt
is asterisk (*), all users are mapped by this rule.
If
.Ar clnt
is omitted, all unknown users are mapped by this rule.
If
.Ar srv
is set to -1, access is denied.
If
.Ar srv
is omitted, the uid is mapped to UID_NOBODY.
.Pp
The particular
.Ar mapping Ns s
are separated in the
.Sy uidmap Ns =
option by tilde (~) and are evaluated in the specified order until a match is
found.
Both
.Sy root Ns =
and
.Sy root_mapping Ns =
options (if specified) are evaluated before the
.Sy uidmap Ns =
option.
The
.Sy uidmap Ns =
option is skipped in the case where the client matches the
.Sy root Ns =
option.
.Pp
The
.Sy uidmap Ns =
option is evaluated before the
.Sy anon Ns =
option.
.Pp
This option is supported only for AUTH_SYS.
.It Sy window Ns = Ns Ar value
When sharing with
.Sy sec Ns = Ns Sy dh ,
set the maximum life time (in seconds) of the RPC request's credential (in the
authentication header) that the NFS server allows.
If a credential arrives with a life time larger than what is allowed, the NFS
server rejects the request.
The default value is 30000 seconds (8.3 hours).
.El
.El
.Ss access_list
The
.Ar access_list
argument is a colon-separated list whose components may be any number of the
following:
.Bl -tag -width "indented"
.It Sy hostname
The name of a host.
With a server configured for DNS or LDAP naming in the nsswitch
.Sy hosts
entry, any hostname must be represented as a fully qualified DNS or LDAP name.
.It Sy netgroup
A netgroup contains a number of hostnames.
With a server configured for DNS or LDAP naming in the nsswitch
.Sy hosts
entry, any hostname in a netgroup must be represented as a fully qualified DNS
or LDAP name.
.It Sy domain name suffix
To use domain membership the server must use DNS or LDAP to resolve hostnames to
IP addresses; that is, the
.Sy hosts
entry in the
.Pa /etc/nsswitch.conf
must specify
.Sy dns
or
.Sy ldap
ahead of
.Sy nis
since only DNS and LDAP return the full domain name of the host.
Other name services like NIS cannot be used to resolve hostnames on the server
because when mapping an IP address to a hostname they do not return domain
information.
For example,
.Bd -literal -offset indent
NIS   172.16.45.9 --> "myhost"
.Ed
.Pp
and
.Bd -literal -offset indent
DNS or LDAP   172.16.45.9 --> "myhost.mydomain.example.com"
.Ed
.Pp
The domain name suffix is distinguished from hostnames and netgroups by a
prefixed dot.
For example,
.Bd -literal -offset indent
rw=.mydomain.example.com
.Ed
.Pp
A single dot can be used to match a hostname with no suffix.
For example,
.Bd -literal -offset indent
rw=.
.Ed
.Pp
matches
.Qq mydomain
but not
.Qq mydomain.example.com .
This feature can be used to match hosts resolved through NIS rather
than DNS and LDAP.
.It Sy network
The network or subnet component is preceded by an at-sign (@).
It can be either a name or a dotted address.
If a name, it is converted to a dotted address by
.Xr getnetbyname 3SOCKET .
For example,
.Bd -literal -offset indent
=@mynet
.Ed
.Pp
would be equivalent to:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
=@172.16 or =@172.16.0.0
.Ed
.Pp
The network prefix assumes an octet-aligned netmask determined from the zeroth
octet in the low-order part of the address up to and including the high-order
octet, if you want to specify a single IP address (see below).
In the case where network prefixes are not byte-aligned, the syntax allows a
mask length to be specified explicitly following a slash (/) delimiter.
For example,
.Bd -literal -offset indent
=@theothernet/17 or =@172.16.132/22
.Ed
.Pp
where the mask is the number of leftmost contiguous significant bits in the
corresponding IP address.
.Pp
When specifying individual IP addresses, use the same @ notation described
above, without a netmask specification.
For example:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
=@172.16.132.14
.Ed
.Pp
Multiple, individual IP addresses would be specified, for example, as:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
root=@172.16.132.20:@172.16.134.20
.Ed
.El
.Pp
A prefixed minus sign (-) denies access to that component of
.Ar access_list .
The list is searched sequentially until a match is found that either grants or
denies access, or until the end of the list is reached.
For example, if host
.Qq terra
is in the
.Qq engineering
netgroup, then
.Bd -literal -offset indent
rw=-terra:engineering
.Ed
.Pp
denies access to
.Qq terra
but
.Bd -literal -offset indent
rw=engineering:-terra
.Ed
.Pp
grants access to
.Qq terra .
.Sh OPERANDS
The following operands are supported:
.Bl -tag -width "pathname"
.It Sy pathname
The pathname of the file system to be shared.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width "/etc/nfs/nfslog.conf"
.It Pa /etc/dfs/fstypes
list of system types, NFS by default
.It Pa /etc/dfs/sharetab
system record of shared file systems
.It Pa /etc/nfs/nfslogtab
system record of logged file systems
.It Pa /etc/nfs/nfslog.conf
logging configuration file
.El
.Sh EXIT STATUS
.Ex -std
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Ss Example 1 Sharing A File System With Logging Enabled
The following example shows the
.Pa /export
file system shared with logging enabled:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -o log /export
.Ed
.Pp
The default global logging parameters are used since no tag identifier is
specified.
The location of the log file, as well as the necessary logging work
files, is specified by the global entry in
.Pa /etc/nfs/nfslog.conf .
The
.Xr nfslogd 8
daemon runs only if at least one file system entry in
.Pa /etc/dfs/dfstab
is shared with logging enabled upon starting or rebooting the system.
Simply sharing a file system with logging enabled from the command line does not
start the
.Xr nfslogd 8 .
.Ss Example 2 Remap A User Coming From The Particular NFS Client
The following example remaps the user with uid
.Sy 100
at client
.Sy 10.0.0.1
to user
.Sy joe :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -o uidmap=100:joe:@10.0.0.1 /export
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr getnetbyname 3SOCKET ,
.Xr netgroup 5 ,
.Xr nfslog.conf 5 ,
.Xr acl 7 ,
.Xr attributes 7 ,
.Xr nfssec 7 ,
.Xr mount 8 ,
.Xr mountd 8 ,
.Xr nfsd 8 ,
.Xr nfslogd 8 ,
.Xr share 8 ,
.Xr unshare 8
.Sh NOTES
If the
.Sy sec Ns =
option is presented at least once, all uses of the
.Sy window Ns = ,
.Sy rw ,
.Sy ro ,
.Sy rw Ns = ,
.Sy ro Ns = ,
and
.Sy root Ns =
options must come after the first
.Sy sec Ns =
option.
If the
.Sy sec Ns =
option is not presented, then
.Sy sec Ns = Ns Sy sys
is implied.
.Pp
If one or more explicit
.Sy sec Ns =
options are presented,
.Sy sys
must appear in one of the options mode lists for accessing using the AUTH_SYS
security mode to be allowed.
For example:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs /var
share -F nfs -o sec=sys /var
.Ed
.Pp
grants read-write access to any host using AUTH_SYS, but
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs -o sec=dh /var
.Ed
.Pp
grants no access to clients that use AUTH_SYS.
.Pp
Unlike previous implementations of
.Nm ,
access checking for the
.Sy window Ns = ,
.Sy rw ,
.Sy ro ,
.Sy rw Ns = ,
and
.Sy ro Ns =
options is done per NFS request, instead of per mount request.
.Pp
Combining multiple security modes can be a security hole in situations where
the
.Sy ro Ns =
and
.Sy rw Ns =
options are used to control access to weaker security modes.
In this example,
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs -o sec=dh,rw,sec=sys,rw=hosta /var
.Ed
.Pp
an intruder can forge the IP address for
.Qq hosta
(albeit on each NFS request) to side-step the stronger controls of AUTH_DES.
Something like:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs -o sec=dh,rw,sec=sys,ro /var
.Ed
.Pp
is safer, because any client (intruder or legitimate) that avoids AUTH_DES only
gets read-only access.
In general, multiple security modes per share command should only be used in
situations where the clients using more secure modes get stronger access than
clients using less secure modes.
.Pp
If
.Sy rw Ns =
and
.Sy ro Ns =
options are specified in the same
.Sy sec Ns =
clause, and a client is in both lists, the order of the two options determines
the access the client gets.
If client
.Qq hosta
is in two netgroups,
.Qq group1
and
.Qq group2 ,
in this example, the client would get read-only access:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs -o ro=group1,rw=group2 /var
.Ed
.Pp
In this example
.Qq hosta
would get read-write access:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs -o rw=group2,ro=group1 /var
.Ed
.Pp
If within a
.Sy sec Ns =
clause, both the
.Sy ro
and
.Sy rw Ns =
options are specified, for compatibility, the order of the options rule is not
enforced.
All hosts would get read-only access, with the exception to those in the
read-write list.
Likewise, if the
.Sy ro Ns =
and
.Sy rw
options are specified, all hosts get read-write access with the exceptions of
those in the read-only list.
.Pp
The
.Sy ro Ns =
and
.Sy rw Ns =
options are guaranteed to work over UDP and TCP but may not work over other
transport providers.
.Pp
The
.Sy root Ns =
option with AUTH_SYS is guaranteed to work over UDP and TCP but may not work
over other transport providers.
.Pp
The
.Sy root Ns =
option with AUTH_DES is guaranteed to work over any transport provider.
.Pp
There are no interactions between the
.Sy root Ns =
option and the
.Sy rw ,
.Sy ro ,
.Sy rw Ns = ,
and
.Sy ro Ns =
options.
Putting a host in the root list does not override the semantics of the other
options.
The access the host gets is the same as when the
.Sy root Ns =
option is absent.
For example, the following share command denies access to
.Qq hostb :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs -o ro=hosta,root=hostb /var
.Ed
.Pp
The following gives read-only permissions to
.Qq hostb :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs -o ro=hostb,root=hostb /var
.Ed
.Pp
The following gives read-write permissions to
.Qq hostb :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs -o ro=hosta,rw=hostb,root=hostb /var
.Ed
.Pp
If the file system being shared is a symbolic link to a valid pathname, the
canonical path (the path which the symbolic link follows) is shared.
For example, if
.Pa /export/foo
is a symbolic link to
.Pa /export/bar ,
the following share command results in
.Pa /export/bar
as the shared pathname (and not
.Pa /export/foo ) :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs /export/foo
.Ed
.Pp
An NFS mount of
.Lk server:/export/foo
results in
.Lk server:/export/bar
really being mounted.
.Pp
This line in the
.Pa /etc/dfs/dfstab
file shares the
.Pa /disk
file system read-only at boot time:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
share -F nfs -o ro /disk
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Xr mountd 8
process allows the processing of a path name that contains a symbolic link.
This allows the processing of paths that are not themselves explicitly shared
with
.Nm .
For example,
.Pa /export/foo
might be a symbolic link that refers to
.Pa /export/bar
which has been specifically shared.
When the client mounts
.Pa /export/foo
the mountd processing follows the symbolic link and responds with the
.Pa /export/bar .
The NFS Version 4 protocol does not use the mountd processing and the client's
use of
.Pa /export/foo
does not work as it does with NFS Version 2 and Version 3 and the client
receives an error when attempting to mount
.Pa /export/foo .
.Pp
The
.Sy nohide
option violates RFC 1094,
.%T "Network File System Protocol Specification"
and RFC 1813,
.%T "NFS: Network File System Version 3 Protocol Specification"
.Pp
The
.Sy nohide
option is provided for compatibility with Linux NFS.