'\" te
.\"  Copyright 1989 AT&T Copyright (c) 2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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.TH FUSER 8 "Oct 21, 2003"
.SH NAME
fuser \- identify users of files and devices
.SH SYNOPSIS
.LP
.nf
\fB/usr/sbin/fuser\fR [\fB-c\fR | \fB-d\fR | \fB-f\fR] [\fB-nu\fR] [\fB-k\fR | \fB-s\fR \fIsig\fR] \fIfiles\fR
     [ [\fB- \fR] [\fB-c\fR | \fB-d\fR | \fB-f\fR] [\fB-nu\fR] [\fB-k\fR | \fB-s\fR \fIsig\fR] \fIfiles\fR] ...
.fi

.SH DESCRIPTION
.sp
.LP
The \fBfuser\fR utility displays the process \fBID\fRs of the processes that
are using the \fIfiles\fR specified as arguments.
.sp
.LP
Each process \fBID\fR is followed by a letter code. These letter codes are
interpreted as follows. If the process is using the file as
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBc\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 5n
Indicates that the process is using the file as its current directory.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBm\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 5n
Indicates that the process is using a file mapped with \fBmmap\fR(2). See
\fBmmap\fR(2) for details.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBn\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 5n
Indicates that the process is holding a non-blocking mandatory lock on the
file.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBo\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 5n
Indicates that the process is using the file as an open file.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBr\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 5n
Indicates that the process is using the file as its root directory.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBt\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 5n
Indicates that the process is using the file as its text file.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBy\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 5n
Indicates that the process is using the file as its controlling terminal.
.RE

.sp
.LP
For block special devices with mounted file systems, all processes using any
file on that device are listed. For all types of files (text files,
executables, directories, devices, and so forth), only the processes using that
file are reported.
.sp
.LP
For all types of devices, \fBfuser\fR also displays any known kernel consumers
that have the device open. Kernel consumers are displayed in one of the
following formats:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
[\fImodule_name\fR]
[\fImodule_name\fR,dev_path=\fIpath\fR]
[\fImodule_name\fR,dev=(\fImajor\fR,\fIminor\fR)]
[\fImodule_name\fR,dev=(\fImajor\fR,\fIminor\fR),dev_path=\fIpath\fR]
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
If more than one group of files are specified, the options may be respecified
for each additional group of files. A lone dash cancels the options currently
in force.
.sp
.LP
The process IDs are printed as a single line on the standard output, separated
by spaces and terminated with a single new line. All other output is written on
standard error.
.sp
.LP
Any user can run fuser, but only the superuser can terminate another user's
process.
.SH OPTIONS
.sp
.LP
The following options are supported:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-c\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Reports on files that are mount points for file systems, and any files within
that mounted file system.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-d\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Report device usage information for all minor nodes bound to the same device
node as the specified minor node. This option does not report file usage for
files within a mounted file system.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-f\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Prints a report for the named file, not for files within a mounted file system.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-k\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Sends the \fBSIGKILL\fR signal to each process. Since this option spawns kills
for each process, the kill messages may not show up immediately (see
\fBkill\fR(2)). No signals will be sent to kernel file consumers.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-n\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Lists only processes with non-blocking mandatory locks on a file.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-s\fR \fIsig\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Sends a signal to each process. The \fIsig\fR option argument specifies one of
the symbolic names defined in the \fB<signal.h>\fR header, or a decimal integer
signal number. If \fIsig\fR is a symbolic name, it is recognized in a
case-independent fashion, without the \fBSIG\fR prefix. The \fB-k\fR option is
equivalent to \fB-s\fR \fBKILL\fR or \fB-s\fR \fB9\fR. No signals will be sent
to kernel file consumers.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-u\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Displays the user login name in parentheses following the process \fBID\fR.
.RE

.SH EXAMPLES
.LP
\fBExample 1 \fRReporting on the Mount Point and Files
.sp
.LP
The following example reports on the mount point and files within the mounted
file system.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
example% \fBfuser -c /export/foo\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 2 \fRRestricting Output when Reporting on the Mount Point and Files
.sp
.LP
The following example reports on the mount point and files within the mounted
file system, but the output is restricted to processes that hold non-blocking
mandatory locks.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
example% \fBfuser -cn /export/foo\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 3 \fRSending SIGTERM to Processes Holding a Non-blocking Mandatory
Lock
.sp
.LP
The following command sends \fBSIGTERM\fR to any processes that hold a
non-blocking mandatory lock on file \fB/export/foo/my_file\fR.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
example% \fBfuser -fn -s term /export/foo/my_file\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
.sp
.LP
See \fBenviron\fR(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables
that affect the execution of \fBfuser\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR
\fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
.SH ATTRIBUTES
.sp
.LP
See \fBattributes\fR(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
.sp

.sp
.TS
box;
c | c
l | l .
ATTRIBUTE TYPE	ATTRIBUTE VALUE
_
Interface Stability	Standard
.TE

.SH SEE ALSO
.sp
.LP
.BR ps (1),
.BR kill (2),
.BR mmap (2),
.BR signal (3C),
.BR attributes (7),
.BR environ (7),
.BR standards (7),
.BR mount (8)
.SH NOTES
.sp
.LP
Because \fBfuser\fR works with a snapshot of the system image, it may miss
processes that begin using a file while \fBfuser\fR is running. Also, processes
reported as using a file may have stopped using it while \fBfuser\fR was
running. These factors should discourage the use of the \fB-k\fR option.