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Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in the Sun OS Reference Manual, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html. .\" This notice shall appear on any product containing this material. .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). 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If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] .TH CONNECT 3XNET "Jun 10, 2002" .SH NAME connect \- connect a socket .SH SYNOPSIS .LP .nf \fBcc\fR [ \fIflag\fR ... ] \fIfile\fR ... \fB-lxnet\fR [ \fIlibrary\fR ... ] #include \fBint\fR \fBconnect\fR(\fBint\fR \fIsocket\fR, \fBconst struct sockaddr *\fR\fIaddress\fR, \fBsocklen_t\fR \fIaddress_len\fR); .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .LP The \fBconnect()\fR function requests a connection to be made on a socket. The function takes the following arguments: .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fIsocket\fR\fR .ad .RS 15n Specifies the file descriptor associated with the socket. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fIaddress\fR\fR .ad .RS 15n Points to a \fBsockaddr\fR structure containing the peer address. The length and format of the address depend on the address family of the socket. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fIaddress_len\fR\fR .ad .RS 15n Specifies the length of the \fBsockaddr\fR structure pointed to by the \fIaddress\fR argument. .RE .sp .LP If the socket has not already been bound to a local address, \fBconnect()\fR will bind it to an address which, unless the socket's address family is AF_UNIX, is an unused local address. .sp .LP If the initiating socket is not connection-mode, then \fBconnect()\fR sets the socket's peer address, but no connection is made. For SOCK_DGRAM sockets, the peer address identifies where all datagrams are sent on subsequent \fBsend\fR(3XNET) calls, and limits the remote sender for subsequent \fBrecv\fR(3XNET) calls. If \fIaddress\fR is a null address for the protocol, the socket's peer address will be reset. .sp .LP If the initiating socket is connection-mode, then \fBconnect()\fR attempts to establish a connection to the address specified by the \fIaddress\fR argument. .sp .LP If the connection cannot be established immediately and O_NONBLOCK is not set for the file descriptor for the socket, \fBconnect()\fR will block for up to an unspecified timeout interval until the connection is established. If the timeout interval expires before the connection is established, \fBconnect()\fR will fail and the connection attempt will be aborted. If \fBconnect()\fR is interrupted by a signal that is caught while blocked waiting to establish a connection, \fBconnect()\fR will fail and set \fBerrno\fR to \fBEINTR\fR, but the connection request will not be aborted, and the connection will be established asynchronously. .sp .LP If the connection cannot be established immediately and O_NONBLOCK is set for the file descriptor for the socket, \fBconnect()\fR will fail and set \fBerrno\fR to \fBEINPROGRESS\fR, but the connection request will not be aborted, and the connection will be established asynchronously. Subsequent calls to \fBconnect()\fR for the same socket, before the connection is established, will fail and set \fBerrno\fR to \fBEALREADY\fR. .sp .LP When the connection has been established asynchronously, \fBselect\fR(3C) and \fBpoll\fR(2) will indicate that the file descriptor for the socket is ready for writing. .sp .LP The socket in use may require the process to have appropriate privileges to use the \fBconnect()\fR function. .SH USAGE .LP If \fBconnect()\fR fails, the state of the socket is unspecified. Portable applications should close the file descriptor and create a new socket before attempting to reconnect. .SH RETURN VALUES .LP Upon successful completion, \fBconnect()\fR returns 0. Otherwise, \(mi1 is returned and \fBerrno\fR is set to indicate the error. .SH ERRORS .LP The \fBconnect()\fR function will fail if: .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEADDRNOTAVAIL\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The specified address is not available from the local machine. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEAFNOSUPPORT\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The specified address is not a valid address for the address family of the specified socket. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEALREADY\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n A connection request is already in progress for the specified socket. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEBADF\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The \fIsocket\fR argument is not a valid file descriptor. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBECONNREFUSED\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The target address was not listening for connections or refused the connection request. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEFAULT\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The address parameter can not be accessed. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEINPROGRESS\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n O_NONBLOCK is set for the file descriptor for the socket and the connection cannot be immediately established; the connection will be established asynchronously. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEINTR\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The attempt to establish a connection was interrupted by delivery of a signal that was caught; the connection will be established asynchronously. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEISCONN\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The specified socket is connection-mode and is already connected. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBENETUNREACH\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n No route to the network is present. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBENOTSOCK\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The \fIsocket\fR argument does not refer to a socket. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEPROTOTYPE\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The specified address has a different type than the socket bound to the specified peer address. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBETIMEDOUT\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The attempt to connect timed out before a connection was made. .RE .sp .LP If the address family of the socket is AF_UNIX, then \fBconnect()\fR will fail if: .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEIO\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBELOOP\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname in \fIaddress\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBENAMETOOLONG\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n A component of a pathname exceeded \fINAME_MAX\fR characters, or an entire pathname exceeded \fIPATH_MAX\fR characters. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBENOENT\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n A component of the pathname does not name an existing file or the pathname is an empty string. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBENOTDIR\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n A component of the path prefix of the pathname in \fIaddress\fR is not a directory. .RE .sp .LP The \fBconnect()\fR function may fail if: .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEACCES\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix; or write access to the named socket is denied. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEADDRINUSE\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n Attempt to establish a connection that uses addresses that are already in use. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBECONNRESET\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n Remote host reset the connection request. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEHOSTUNREACH\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n The destination host cannot be reached (probably because the host is down or a remote router cannot reach it). .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEINVAL\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n The \fIaddress_len\fR argument is not a valid length for the address family; or invalid address family in sockaddr structure. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBENAMETOOLONG\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n Pathname resolution of a symbolic link produced an intermediate result whose length exceeds \fIPATH_MAX\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBENETDOWN\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n The local interface used to reach the destination is down. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBENOBUFS\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n No buffer space is available. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBENOSR\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n There were insufficient STREAMS resources available to complete the operation. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBEOPNOTSUPP\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n The socket is listening and can not be connected. .RE .SH ATTRIBUTES .LP See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: .sp .sp .TS box; c | c l | l . ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface Stability Standard _ MT-Level MT-Safe .TE .SH SEE ALSO .LP \fBsockaddr\fR(3SOCKET), \fBclose\fR(2), \fBpoll\fR(2), \fBaccept\fR(3XNET), \fBbind\fR(3XNET), \fBgetsockname\fR(3XNET), \fBselect\fR(3C), \fBsend\fR(3XNET), \fBshutdown\fR(3XNET), \fBsocket\fR(3XNET), \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)