'\" te
.\" Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 by Martin C. Shepherd. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" Portions Copyright (c) 2007, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
.TH EF_EXPAND_FILE 3TECLA "Jun 1, 2004"
.SH NAME
ef_expand_file, del_ExpandFile, ef_last_error, ef_list_expansions,
new_ExpandFile \- expand filename and wildcard expressions
.SH SYNOPSIS
.LP
.nf
cc [ \fIflag\fR\&.\|.\|. ] \fIfile\fR\&.\|.\|. \fB-ltecla\fR [ \fIlibrary\fR\&.\|.\|. ]
#include <libtecla.h>

\fBExpandFile *\fR\fBef_expand_file\fR(\fBvoid\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBExpandFile *\fR\fBdel_ExpandFile\fR(\fBExpandFile *\fR\fIef\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBFileExpansion *\fR\fBef_last_error\fR(\fBExpandFile *\fR\fIef\fR, \fBconst char *\fR\fIpath\fR,
     \fBint\fR \fIpathlen\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBint\fR \fBef_list_expansions\fR(\fBFileExpansion *\fR\fIresult\fR, \fBFILE *\fR\fIfp\fR, \fBint\fR \fIterm_width\fR);
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBconst char *\fR\fBnew_ExpandFile\fR(\fBExpandFile *\fR\fIef\fR);
.fi

.SH DESCRIPTION
.sp
.LP
The \fBef_expand_file()\fR function is part of the \fBlibtecla\fR(3LIB)
library. It expands a specified filename, converting ~user/ and ~/ expressions
at the start of the filename to the corresponding home directories, replacing
$\fBenvvar\fR with the value of the corresponding environment variable, and
then, if there are any wildcards, matching these against existing filenames.
Backslashes in the input filename are interpreted as escaping any special
meanings of the characters that follow them. Only backslashes that are
themselves preceded by backslashes are preserved in the expanded filename.
.sp
.LP
In the presence of wildcards, the returned list of filenames includes only the
names of existing files which match the wildcards. Otherwise, the original
filename is returned after expansion of tilde and dollar expressions, and the
result is not checked against existing files. This mimics the file-globbing
behavior of the UNIX \fBtcsh\fR shell.
.sp
.LP
The supported wildcards and their meanings are:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB*\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 12n
Match any sequence of zero or more characters.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB?\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 12n
Match any single character.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB[\fB\fIchars\fR\fR]\fR
.ad
.RS 12n
Match any single character that appears in \fIchars\fR. If \fIchars\fR contains
an expression of the form a-b, then any character between a and b, including a
and b, matches. The '-' character loses its special meaning as a range
specifier when it appears at the start of the sequence of characters. The ']'
character also looses its significance as the terminator of the range
expression if it appears immediately after the opening '[', at which point it
is treated one of the characters of the range. If you want both '-' and ']' to
be part of the range, the '-' should come first and the ']' second.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB[^\fIchars\fR]\fR
.ad
.RS 12n
The same as [\fIchars\fR] except that it matches any single character that does
not appear in \fIchars\fR.
.RE

.sp
.LP
Note that wildcards never match the initial dot in filenames that start
with '.'. The initial '.' must be explicitly specified in the filename. This again
mimics the globbing behavior of most UNIX shells, and its rational is based in
the fact that in UNIX, files with names that start with \&'.' are usually
hidden configuration files, which are not listed by default by the \fBls\fR(1)
command.
.sp
.LP
The \fBnew_ExpandFile()\fR function creates the resources used by the
\fBef_expand_file()\fR function. In particular, it maintains the memory that is
used to record the array of matching file names that is returned by
\fBef_expand_file()\fR. This array is expanded as needed, so there is no
builtin limit to the number of files that can be matched.
.sp
.LP
The \fBdel_ExpandFile()\fR function deletes the resources that were returned by
a previous call to \fBnew_ExpandFile()\fR. It always returns NULL (that is, a
deleted object). It does nothing if the \fIef\fR argument is NULL.
.sp
.LP
The \fBef_expand_file()\fR function performs filename expansion. Its first
argument is a resource object returned by \fBnew_ExpandFile()\fR. A pointer to
the start of the filename to be matched is passed by the \fIpath\fR argument.
This must be a normal null-terminated string, but unless a length of -1 is
passed in \fIpathlen\fR, only the first \fIpathlen\fR characters will be used
in the filename expansion. If the length is specified as -1, the whole of the
string will be expanded. A container of the following type is returned by
\fBef_expand_file()\fR.
.sp
.in +2
.nf
typedef struct {
    int exists;   /* True if the files in files[] exist */
    int nfile;    /* The number of files in files[] */
    char **files; /* An array of 'nfile' filenames. */
} FileExpansion;
.fi
.in -2

.sp
.LP
The \fBef_expand_file()\fR function returns a pointer to a container whose
contents are the results of the expansion. If there were no wildcards in the
filename, the \fInfile\fR member will be 1, and the \fIexists\fR member should
be queried if it is important to know if the expanded file currently exists. If
there were wild cards, then the contained \fIfiles\fR[] array will contain the
names of the \fInfile\fR existing files that matched the wild-carded filename,
and the \fIexists\fR member will have the value 1. Note that the returned
container belongs to the specified ef object, and its contents will change on
each call, so if you need to retain the results of more than one call to
\fBef_expand_file()\fR, you should either make a private copy of the returned
results, or create multiple file-expansion resource objects with multiple calls
to \fBnew_ExpandFile()\fR.
.sp
.LP
On error, \fINULL\fR is returned, and an explanation of the error can be
determined by calling \fBef_last_error\fR(\fIef\fR).
.sp
.LP
The \fBef_last_error()\fR function returns the message which describes the
error that occurred on the last call to \fBef_expand_file()\fR, for the given
(\fBExpandFile *\fR\fIef\fR) resource object.
.sp
.LP
The \fBef_list_expansions()\fR function provides a convenient way to list the
filename expansions returned by \fBef_expand_file()\fR. Like the \fBls\fR
utility, it arranges the filenames into equal width columns, each column having
the width of the largest file. The number of columns used is thus determined by
the length of the longest filename, and the specified terminal width. Beware
that filenames that are longer than the specified terminal width are printed
without being truncated, so output longer than the specified terminal width can
occur. The list is written to the \fBstdio\fR stream specified by the \fIfp\fR
argument.
.SS "Thread Safety"
.sp
.LP
It is safe to use the facilities of this module in multiple threads, provided
that each thread uses a separately allocated \fBExpandFile\fR object. In other
words, if two threads want to do file expansion, they should each call
\fBnew_ExpandFile()\fR to allocate their own file-expansion objects.
.SH EXAMPLES
.LP
\fBExample 1 \fRUse of file expansion function.
.sp
.LP
The following is a complete example of how to use the file expansion function.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
#include <stdio.h>
#include <libtecla.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    ExpandFile *ef;      /* The expansion resource object */
    char *filename;      /* The filename being expanded */
    FileExpansion *expn; /* The results of the expansion */
    int i;

    ef = new_ExpandFile();
    if(!ef)
        return 1;

    for(arg = *(argv++); arg; arg = *(argv++)) {
       if((expn = ef_expand_file(ef, arg, -1)) == NULL) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Error expanding %s (%s).\en", arg,
              ef_last_error(ef));
       } else {
          printf("%s matches the following files:\en", arg);
          for(i=0; i<expn->nfile; i++)
              printf(" %s\en", expn->files[i]);
       }
    }

    ef = del_ExpandFile(ef);
    return 0;
}
.fi
.in -2

.SH ATTRIBUTES
.sp
.LP
See \fBattributes\fR(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
.sp

.sp
.TS
box;
c | c
l | l .
ATTRIBUTE TYPE	ATTRIBUTE VALUE
_
Interface Stability	Evolving
_
MT-Level	MT-Safe
.TE

.SH SEE ALSO
.sp
.LP
.BR libtecla (3LIB),
.BR cpl_complete_word (3TECLA),
.BR gl_get_line (3TECLA),
.BR pca_lookup_file (3TECLA),
.BR attributes (7)