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All Rights Reserved. .\" .TH SUM 1 "Aug 11, 2009" .SH NAME sum \- print checksum and block count for a file .SH SYNOPSIS .LP .nf \fB/usr/bin/sum\fR [-abBchHlLpPrRstTw] [-x method] [\fIfile\fR...] .fi .SS "ksh93" .LP .nf sum [-abBchHlLpPrRstTw] [-x method] [\fIfile\fR...] .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .sp .LP The \fBsum\fR utility and ksh93 built-in command list the checksum, and for most methods the block count, for each file argument. The standard input is read if there are no file arguments. .sp .LP The \fBgetconf\fR(1) \fBUNIVERSE\fR determines the default sum method: att for the att universe, bsd otherwise. The default for the other commands is the command name itself. The att method is a true sum, all others are order dependent. .sp .LP Method names consist of a leading identifier and 0 or more options separated by -. .sp .LP \fBgetconf\fR \fBPATH_RESOLVE\fR determines how symbolic links are handled. This can be explicitly overridden by the \fB--logical\fR, \fB--metaphysical\fR, and \fB--physical\fR options below. \fBPATH_RESOLVE\fR can be one of: .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB--logical\fR\fR .ad .RS 18n Follow all symbolic links. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB--metaphysical\fR\fR .ad .RS 18n Follow command argument symbolic links, otherwise do not follow. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB--physical\fR\fR .ad .RS 18n Do not follow symbolic links. .RE .SH OPTIONS .sp .LP The following options are supported for \fB/usr/bin/sum\fR: .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-a\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--all\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n List the checksum for all files. Use with \fB--total\fR to list both individual and total checksums and block counts. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-b\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--binary\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Read files in binary mode. This is the default. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-B\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--scale=scale\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Block count scale (bytes per block) override for methods that include size in the output. The default is method-specific. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-c\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--check\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Each file is interpreted as the output from a previous sum. If \fB--header\fR or \fB--permissions\fR was specified in the previous sum then the checksum method is automatically determined, otherwise \fB--method\fR must be specified. The listed checksum is compared with the current value and a warning is issued for each file that does not match. If file was generated by \fB--permissions\fR, then the file mode, user and group are also checked. Empty lines, lines starting with #, or the line # are ignored. Lines containing no blanks are interpreted as [no]name[=\fIvalue\fR] options: .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBmethod=name\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Checksum method to apply to subsequent lines. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBpermissions\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Subsequent lines were generated with \fB--permissions\fR. .RE .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-h\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--header\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Print the checksum method as the first output line. Used with \fB--check\fR and \fB--permissions\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-l\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--list\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Each file is interpreted as a list of files, one per line, that is checksummed. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-p\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--permissions\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n If \fB--check\fR is not specified then list the file mode, user and group between the checksum and path. User and group matching the caller are output as -. If \fB--check\fR is specified then the mode, user and group for each path in file are updated if necessary to match those in file. A warning is printed on the standard error for each changed file. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-R\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--recursive\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Recursively checksum the contents of directories. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-t\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--total\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n List only the total checksum and block count of all files. \fB--all\fR \fB--total\fR lists each checksum and the total. The total checksum and block count may be different from the checksum and block count of the catenation of all files due to partial blocks that may occur when the files are treated separately. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-T\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--text\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Read files in text mode (for example, treat \er\en as \en). .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-w\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--warn\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Warn about invalid \fB--check\fR lines. On by default; \fB-w\fR means \fB--nowarn\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-x\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--method|algorithm=method\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Specifies the checksum method to apply. Parenthesized method options are readonly implementation details. .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBatt\fR|\fBsys5\fR|\fBs5\fR|\fBdefault\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The system 5 release 4 checksum. This is the default for sum when \fBgetconf\fR \fBUNIVERSE\fR is \fBatt\fR. This is the only true sum; all of the other methods are order dependent. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBast4\fR|\fB32x4\fR|\fBtw\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The \fBast\fR 128 bit \fBPRNG\fR hash generated by catenating 4 separate 32 bit \fBPNRG\fR hashes. The block count is not printed. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBbsd\fR|\fBucb\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The BSD checksum. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBcrc\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n 32 bit CRC (cyclic redundancy check). .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBpolynomial\fR=\fImask\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The 32 bit \fBcrc\fR polynomial bitmask with implicit bit 32. The default value is 0xedb88320. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBdone\fR[=\fInumber\fR]\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n XOR the final \fBcrc\fR value with number. 0xffffffff is used if number is omitted. The option value may be omitted. The default value is 0. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBinit\fR[=\fInumber\fR]\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The initial \fBcrc\fR value. 0xffffffff is used if number is omitted. The option value may be omitted. The default value is 0. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBrotate\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n XOR each input character with the high order \fBcrc\fR byte (instead of the low order). .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBsize\fR[=\fInumber\fR]\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Include the total number of bytes in the crc. number, if specified, is first XOR'd into the size. The option value may be omitted. The default value is 0. .RE .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBprng\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n 32 bit \fBPRNG\fR (pseudo random number generator) hash. .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBmpy\fR=\fInumber\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The 32 bit \fBPRNG\fR multiplier. The default value is 0x01000193. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBadd\fR=\fInumber\fR\fR .ad .RS 17n The 32 bit \fBPRNG\fR addend. The default value is 0. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBinit\fR[=\fInumber\fR]\fR .ad .RS 17n The \fBPRNG\fR initial value. 0xffffffff is used if number is omitted. The option value may be omitted. The default value is 0x811c9dc5. .RE .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBmd4\fR|\fBMD4\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n \fBRFC1320\fR \fBMD4\fR message digest. Cryptographically weak. The block count is not printed. (version) \fBmd4\fR (\fBsolaris\fR \fB-lmd\fR) 2005-07-26 .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBmd5\fR|\fBMD5\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n \fBRFC1321\fR \fBMD5\fR message digest. Cryptographically weak. The block count is not printed. (version) \fBmd5\fR (\fBsolaris\fR \fB-lmd\fR) 2005-07-26 .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBsha1\fR|\fBSHA1\fR|\fBsha-1\fR|\fBSHA-1\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n \fBRFC3174\fR / \fBFIPS 180-1\fR \fBSHA-1\fR secure hash algorithm 1. Cryptographically weak. The block count is not printed. (version) \fBsha1\fR (\fBsolaris\fR \fB-lmd\fR) 2005-07-26 .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBsha256\fR|\fBsha-256\fR|\fBSHA256\fR|\fBSHA-256\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n \fBFIPS 180-2\fR \fBSHA256\fR secure hash algorithm. The block count is not printed. (version) \fBsha256\fR (\fBsolaris\fR \fB-lmd\fR) 2005-07-26 .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBsha384\fR|\fBsha-384\fR|\fBSHA384\fR|\fBSHA-384\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n \fBFIPS 180-2\fR \fBSHA384\fR secure hash algorithm. The block count is not printed. (version) \fBsha384\fR (\fBsolaris\fR \fB-lmd\fR) 2005-07-26 .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBsha512\fR|\fBsha-512\fR|\fBSHA512\fR|\fBSHA-512\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n \fBFIPS 180-2\fR \fBSHA512\fR secure hash algorithm. The block count is not printed. (version) \fBsha512\fR (\fBsolaris\fR \fB-lmd\fR) 2005-07-26 .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBposix\fR|\fBcksum\fR|\fBstd\fR|\fBstandard\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The \fBposix 1003.2-1992\fR 32 bit \fBcrc\fR checksum. This is the default \fBcksum\fR(1) method. Shorthand for \fBcrc-0x04c11db7-rotate-done-size\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBzip\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The \fBzip\fR(1) \fBcrc\fR. Shorthand for \fBcrc-0xedb88320-init-done\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBfddi\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The \fBFDDI\fR \fBcrc\fR. Shorthand for \fBcrc-0xedb88320-size\fR=\fB0xcc55cc55\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBfnv\fR|\fBfnv1\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The \fBFowler-Noll-Vo\fR 32 bit \fBPRNG\fR hash with non-zero initializer (\fBFNV-1\fR). Shorthand for \fBprng-0x01000193-init\fR=\fB0x811c9dc5\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fBast\fR|\fBstrsum\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The \fBast\fR \fBstrsum\fR \fBPRNG\fR hash. Shorthand for \fBprng-0x63c63cd9-add\fR=\fB0x9c39c33d\fR. .RE .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-L\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--logical\fR|\fBfollow\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Follow symbolic links when traversing directories. The default is determined by \fBgetconf\fR \fBPATH_RESOLVE\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-H\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--metaphysical\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Follow command argument symbolic links, otherwise do not follow symbolic links when traversing directories. The default is determined by \fBgetconf\fR \fBPATH_RESOLVE\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-P\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--physical\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Do not follow symbolic links when traversing directories. The default is determined by \fBgetconf\fR \fBPATH_RESOLVE\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-r\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--bsd\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Equivalent to \fB--method=bsd\fR \fB--scale=512\fR for compatibility with other sum implementations. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-s\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--sysv\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n Equivalent to \fB--method=sys5\fR for compatibility with other sum implementations. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB-S\fR\fR .ad .br .na \fB\fB--silent\fR|\fBstatus\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n No output for \fB--check\fR; 0 exit status means all sums matched, non-0 means at least one sum failed to match. Ignored for \fB--permissions\fR. .RE .SH OPERANDS .sp .LP The following operands are supported: .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fIfile\fR\fR .ad .RS 8n A path name of a file. If no files are named, the standard input is used. .RE .SH USAGE .sp .LP See \fBlargefile\fR(5) for the description of the behavior of \fBsum\fR when encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2^31 bytes). .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES .sp .LP See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables that affect the execution of \fBsum\fR: \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR. .SH EXIT STATUS .sp .LP The following exit values are returned. .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB0\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n Successful completion. .RE .sp .ne 2 .na \fB\fB>0\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n An error occurred. .RE .SH ATTRIBUTES .sp .LP See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: .sp .sp .TS box; c | c l | l . ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE _ CSI Enabled .TE .SH SEE ALSO .sp .LP \fBcksum\fR(1), \fBgetconf\fR(1), \fBksh93\fR(1), \fBsum\fR(1B), \fBwc\fR(1), \fBzip\fR(1) , \fBlibmd\fR(3LIB), \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBlargefile\fR(5) .SH DIAGNOSTICS .sp .LP \fBRead error\fR is indistinguishable from end of file on most devices. Check the block count. .SH NOTES .sp .LP Portable applications should use \fBcksum\fR(1). The default algorithm for this command is defined in the POSIX standard and is identical across platforms. .sp .LP \fBsum\fR and \fBusr/ucb/sum\fR (see \fBsum\fR(1B)) return different checksums.