'\" te
.\"  Copyright (c) 2001, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved
.\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
.\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
.\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.  If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
.TH MSGFMT 1 "May 21, 2022"
.SH NAME
msgfmt \- create a message object from a message file
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fBmsgfmt\fR [\fB-D\fR \fIdir\fR | \fB-\(midirectory\fR=\fIdir\fR]
     [\fB-f\fR | \fB-\(miuse-fuzzy\fR] [\fB-g\fR]
     [\fB-o\fR \fIoutput-file\fR | \fB-\(mioutput-file\fR=\fIoutput-file\fR]
     [\fB-s\fR] [\fB-\(mistrict\fR] [\fB-v\fR] [\fB-\(miverbose\fR] \fIfilename\fR.po...
.fi

.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBmsgfmt\fR utility creates message object files from portable object
files (\fIfilename\fR\fB\&.po\fR), without changing the portable object files.
.sp
.LP
The \fB\&.po\fR file contains messages displayed to users by system commands or
by application programs. \fB\&.po\fR files can be edited. The messages in these
files can be rewritten in any language supported by the system.
.sp
.LP
The \fBxgettext\fR(1) command can be used to create \fB\&.po\fR files from
script or programs.
.sp
.LP
\fBmsgfmt\fR interprets data as characters according to the current setting of
the \fBLC_CTYPE\fR locale category or according to the codeset specified in the
\fB\&.po\fR file.
.SH OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-D\fR \fIdir\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fB-\(midirectory=\fR\fIdir\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 27n
Adds \fIdir\fR to the list for input files search.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-f\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fB-\(miuse-fuzzy\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 27n
Uses fuzzy entries in output. If this option is not specified, fuzzy entries
are not included into the output. These options are ignored if Solaris message
catalogs are processed.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-g\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 27n
Directs the utility to generate the GNU-compatible message catalog file. This
option cannot be specified with the \fB-s\fR option.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-o\fR \fIoutput-file\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fB-\(mioutput=\fR\fIoutput-file\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 27n
Specifies the output file name as \fIoutput-file\fR. All domain directives and
duplicate msgids in the .\fBpo\fR file are ignored.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-s\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 27n
Directs the utility to generate the Solaris message catalog file. This option
cannot be specified with the \fB-g\fR option.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-\(mistrict\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 27n
Directs the utility to append the suffix \fB\&.mo\fR to the generating message
object file name if it doesn't have this suffix. This option is ignored if
Solaris message catalogs are processed.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-v\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fB-\(miverbose\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 27n
Verbose. Lists duplicate message identifiers if Solaris message catalog files
are processed. Message strings are not redefined.
.sp
If GNU-compatible message files are processed, this option detects and
diagnoses input file anomalies which might represent translation errors. The
msgid and msgstr strings are studied and compared. It is considered abnormal if
one string starts or ends with a newline while the other does not. Also, if the
string represents a format string used in a printf-like function, both strings
should have the same number of % format specifiers, with matching types. If the
flag \fBc-format\fR appears in the special comment '\fB#\fR' for this entry, a
check is performed.
.RE

.SH USAGE
The format of portable object files (\fB\&.po\fR files) is defined as follows.
Each \fB\&.po\fR file contains one or more lines, with each line containing
either a comment or a statement. Comments start the line with a pound sign
(\fB#\fR) and end with the newline character. All comments (except special
comments described later) and empty lines are ignored. The format of a
statement is:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
\fIdirective\fR     \fIvalue\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
Each \fIdirective\fR starts at the beginning of the line and is separated from
\fIvalue\fR by white space (such as one or more space or tab characters).
\fIvalue\fR consists of one or more quoted strings separated by white space.
Use any of the following types of directives for the Solaris message file:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
domain \fIdomainname\fR
msgid \fImessage_identifier\fR
msgstr \fImessage_string\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
For a GNU-compatible message file, use any of the following types of
directives:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
domain \fIdomainname\fR
msgid \fImessage_identifier\fR
msgid_plural \fIuntranslated_string_plural\fR
msgstr \fImessage_string\fR
msgstr[\fIn\fR] \fImessage_string\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
The behavior of the \fBdomain\fR directive is affected by the options used. See
OPTIONS for the behavior when the \fB-o\fR or \fB-\(mioutput-file\fR options
are specified. If the \fB-o\fR or \fB-\(mioutput-file\fR options are not
specified, the behavior of the \fBdomain\fR directive is as follows:
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
All msgids from the beginning of each \fB\&.po\fR file to the first
\fBdomain\fR directive are put into a default message object file. The default
message object file is named \fBmessages.mo\fR, if the Solaris message catalog
file format is used to generate the message object file or if the
\fB-\(mistrict\fR option is specified. Otherwise, the default message object
file is named \fBmessages\fR.
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
When \fBmsgfmt\fR encounters a \fBdomain\fR \fIdomainname\fR directive in the
\fB\&.po\fR file, all following msgids until the next \fBdomain\fR directive
are put into the message object file, named \fBdomainname.mo\fR, if the Solaris
message catalog file format is used to generate the message object file or if
the \fB-\(mistrict\fR option is specified. Otherwise, the msgids are put into
the message object file named \fBdomainname\fR.
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
Duplicate msgids are defined in the scope of each domain. That is, a msgid is
considered a duplicate only if the identical msgid exists in the same domain.
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
All duplicate msgids are ignored.
.RE
.sp
.LP
The \fBmsgid\fR directive specifies the value of a message identifier
associated with the directive that follows it. The \fBmsgid_plural\fR directive
specifies the plural form message specified to the plural message handling
functions \fBngettext()\fR, \fBdngettext()\fR, or \fBdcngettext()\fR. The
\fImessage_identifier\fR string identifies a target string to be used at
retrieval time. Each statement containing a \fBmsgid\fR directive must be
followed by a statement containing a \fBmsgstr\fR directive or
\fBmsgstr\fR[\fIn\fR] directives.
.sp
.LP
The \fBmsgstr\fR directive specifies the target string associated with the
\fImessage_identifier\fR string declared in the immediately preceding
\fBmsgid\fR directive.
.sp
.LP
The directive \fBmsgstr\fR[\fIn\fR] (where \fIn\fR = 0, 1, 2, ...) specifies
the target string to be used with plural form handling functions
\fBngettext()\fR, \fBdngettext()\fR, and \fBdcngettext()\fR.
.sp
.LP
Message strings can contain the escape sequences \fB\\n\fR for newline,
\fB\\t\fR for tab, \fB\\v\fR for vertical tab, \fB\\b\fR for backspace,
\fB\\r\fR for carriage return, \fB\\f\fR for formfeed, \fB\\\fR for backslash,
\fB\\"\fR for double quote, \fB\\a\fR for alarm, \fB\\ddd\fR for octal bit
pattern, and \fB\\xDD\fR for hexadecimal bit pattern.
.sp
.LP
Comments for a GNU-compatible message file should be in one of the following
formats (the \fBmsgfmt\fR utility will ignore these comments when processing
Solaris message files):
.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fItranslator-comments\fR
#. \fIautomatic-comments\fR
#: \fIreference\fR...
#, \fIflag\fR...
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
The '\fB#:\fR' comments indicate the location of the msgid string in the source
files in \fIfilename\fR:\fIline\fR format. The '\fB#\fR', '\fB#.\fR',
and '\fB#:\fR' comments are informative only and are silently ignored by the
\fBmsgfmt\fR utility. The '\fB#,\fR' comments require one or more flags
separated by the comma character. The following \fIflag\fRs can be specified:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBfuzzy\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
This flag can be inserted by the translator. It shows that the \fBmsgstr\fR
string might not be a correct translation (anymore). Only the translator can
judge if the translation requires further modification or is acceptable as is.
Once satisfied with the translation, the translator removes this \fBfuzzy\fR
flag. If this flag is specified, the \fBmsgfmt\fR utility will not generate the
entry for the immediately following msgid in the output message catalog.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBc-format\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fBno-c-format\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
The \fBc-format\fR flag indicates that the \fBmsgid\fR string is used as a
format string by printf-like functions. In case the \fBc-format\fR flag is
given for a string, the \fBmsgfmt\fR utility does some more tests to check the
validity of the translation.
.RE

.sp
.LP
In the GNU-compatible message file, the \fBmsgid\fR entry with empty string
("") is called the header entry and treated specially. If the message string
for the header entry contains \fBnplurals\fR=\fIvalue\fR, the value indicates
the number of plural forms. For example, if \fBnplurals\fR=4, there are four
plural forms. If \fBnplurals\fR is defined, the same line should contain
\fBplural=\fR\fIexpression\fR, separated by a semicolon character. The
\fIexpression\fR is a C language expression to determine which version of
\fBmsgstr\fR[\fIn\fR] is to be used based on the value of \fIn\fR, the last
argument of \fBngettext()\fR, \fBdngettext()\fR, or \fBdcngettext()\fR. For
example,
.sp
.in +2
.nf
nplurals=2; plural= n == 1 ? 0 : 1
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
indicates that there are two plural forms in the language. msgstr[0] is used if
n == 1, otherwise msgstr[1] is used. For another example:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
nplurals=3; plural= n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : 2
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
indicates that there are three plural forms in the language. msgstr[0] is used
if n == 1, msgstr[1] is used if n == 2, otherwise msgstr[2] is used.
.sp
.LP
If the header entry contains a \fBcharset\fR=\fIcodeset\fR string, the
\fIcodeset\fR is used to indicate the codeset to be used to encode the message
strings. If the output string's codeset is different from the message string's
codeset, codeset conversion from the message string's codeset to the output
string's codeset will be performed upon the call of \fBgettext()\fR,
\fBdgettext()\fR, \fBdcgettext()\fR, \fBngettext()\fR, \fBdngettext()\fR, and
\fBdcngettext()\fR for the GNU-compatible message catalogs. The output string's
codeset is determined by the current locale's codeset (the return value of
\fBnl_langinfo(CODESET\fR)) by default, and can be changed by the call of
\fBbind_textdomain_codeset()\fR.
.SS "Message catalog file format"
The \fBmsgfmt\fR utility can generate the message object both in Solaris
message catalog file format and in GNU-compatible message catalog file format.
If the \fB-s\fR option is specified and the input file is a Solaris \fB\&.po\fR
file, the \fBmsgfmt\fR utility generates the message object in Solaris message
catalog file format. If the \fB-g\fR option is specified and the input file is
a GNU \fB\&.po\fR file, the \fBmsgfmt\fR utility generates the message object
in GNU-compatible message catalog file format. If neither the \fB-s\fR nor
\fB-g\fR option is specified, the \fBmsgfmt\fR utility determines the message
catalog file format as follows:
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
If the \fB\&.po\fR file contains a valid GNU header entry (having an empty
string for \fBmsgid\fR), the \fBmsgfmt\fR utility uses the GNU-compatible
message catalog file format.
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
Otherwise, the \fBmsgfmt\fR utility uses the Solaris message catalog file
format.
.RE
.sp
.LP
If the \fBmsgfmt\fR utility determined that the Solaris message catalog file
format is used, as above, but found the \fB\&.po\fR file contains directives
that are specific to the GNU-compatible message catalog file format, such as
\fBmsgid_plural\fR and \fBmsgstr\fR[\fIn\fR], the \fBmsgfmt\fR utility handles
those directives as invalid specifications.
.SH EXAMPLES
\fBExample 1 \fRCreating message objects from message files
.sp
.LP
In this example, \fBmodule1.po\fR and \fBmodule2.po\fR are portable message
objects files.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
example% \fBcat module1.po\fR
# default domain "messages.mo"
msgid  "msg 1"
msgstr "msg 1 translation"
#
domain "help_domain"
msgid  "help 2"
msgstr "help 2 translation"
#
domain "error_domain"
msgid  "error 3"
msgstr "error 3 translation"
example% \fBcat module2.po\fR
# default domain "messages.mo"
msgid  "mesg 4"
msgstr "mesg 4 translation"
#
domain "error_domain"
msgid  "error 5"
msgstr "error 5 translation"
#
domain "window_domain"
msgid  "window 6"
msgstr "window 6 translation"
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
The following command will produce the output files \fBmessages.mo\fR,
\fBhelp_domain.mo\fR, and \fBerror_domain.mo\fR in Solaris message catalog file
format:

.sp
.in +2
.nf
example% \fBmsgfmt module1.po\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
The following command will produce the output files \fBmessages.mo\fR,
\fBhelp_domain.mo\fR, \fBerror_domain.mo\fR, and \fBwindow_domain.mo\fR in
Solaris message catalog file format:

.sp
.in +2
.nf
example% \fBmsgfmt module1.po module2.po\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
The following command will produce the output file \fBhello.mo\fR in Solaris
message catalog file format:

.sp
.in +2
.nf
example% \fBmsgfmt -o hello.mo module1.po module2.po\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See \fBenviron\fR(7) for descriptions of the following environmental variables
that affect the execution of \fBmsgfmt\fR: \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR,
and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
.SH ATTRIBUTES
See \fBattributes\fR(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
.sp

.sp
.TS
box;
c | c
l | l .
ATTRIBUTE TYPE	ATTRIBUTE VALUE
_
CSI	Enabled
.TE

.SH SEE ALSO
.BR xgettext (1),
.BR gettext (3C),
.BR setlocale (3C),
.BR attributes (7),
.BR environ (7)
.SH NOTES
Installing message catalogs under the C locale is pointless, since they are
ignored for the sake of efficiency.