/ / Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. / Use is subject to license terms. / / Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. / All rights reserved. The Berkeley Software License Agreement / specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. / / ident "%Z%%M% %I% %E% SMI" / dimensions m *a* kg *b* sec *c* coul *d* candela *e* dollar *f* radian *g* bit *h* erlang *i* degC *j* / Authoritative places to get updated values: / http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/ / http://www.npl.co.uk/npl/reference/index.html / Less authoritative but very useful for non-SI units is / http://www.ex.ac.uk/cimt/dictunit/dictunit.htm / constants fuzz 1 pi 3.14159265358979323846 fuzz / speed of light in a vacuum c 2.99792458+8 m/sec / standard acceleration due to gravity g 9.80665 m/sec2 / Astronomical Unit au 1.4959787069+11 m fuzz / Avagadro's number mole 6.022137+23 fuzz / charge on an electron e 1.6021773-19 coul fuzz / covert mass to energy (e.g., you have: kilogram energy you want: megaton tnt) energy c2 / convert mass to weight (e.g., use "lb-force" to get a pound of force) force g / density of mercury expressed as weight/volume) mercury 1.33322+5 kg/m2-sec2 hg mercury / dimensionless degree 1|180 pi-radian circle 2 pi-radian turn 2 pi-radian grade .9 degree arcdeg 1 degree arcmin 1|60 arcdeg ccs 1|36 erlang arcsec 1|60 arcmin steradian radian2 sphere 4 pi-steradian sr steradian / Time second sec s sec minute 60 sec min minute hour 60 min hr hour day 24 hr da day week 7 day / Mean tropical year in the year 2000. This decreases by .00000615 per century. year 365.2421896698 day fuzz yr year month 1|12 year ms millisec us microsec / Mass gram millikg gm gram mg milligram metricton kilokg / Avoirdupois lb .45359237 kg lbf lb g ounce 1|16 lb oz ounce dram 1|16 oz dr dram grain 1|7000 lb gr grain shortton 2000 lb ton shortton longton 2240 lb / Apothecary scruple 20 grain apdram 60 grain apounce 480 grain appound 5760 grain / Length meter m metre m cm centimeter mm millimeter km kilometer nm nanometer micron micrometer angstrom decinanometer inch 2.54 cm in inch foot 12 in feet foot ft foot yard 3 ft yd yard rod 5.5 yd rd rod mile 5280 ft mi mile british 1200|3937 m/ft nmile 1852m acre 4840 yd2 cc cm3 liter kilocc litre liter ml milliliter / US Liquid gallon 231 in3 imperial 1.20095 gal gallon quart 1|4 gal qt quart pint 1|2 qt pt pint floz 1|16 pt fldr 1|8 floz / US Dry dry 268.8025 in3/gallon peck 8 dry-quart pk peck bushel 4 peck bu bushel / British brgallon 4.54609 litre brquart 1|4 brgallon brpint 1|2 brquart brgill 1|4 brpint brfloz 1|20 brpint brpeck 9.09218 litre brbushel 4 brpeck / Energy Work newton kg-m/sec2 nt newton joule nt-m / There are 5 different small calories. The one used here is the "IT / calorie". The "USA calorie" or "thermochemical calorie" is 4.184 joule / (exact). The "calorie at 15 deg C" is 4.1855 joule fuzz. The "calorie / at 20 deg C" is 4.1819 joule fuzz. The "mean calorie" is 4.19002 joule / fuzz. The large Calorie is a thousand of (one of) these calories. cal 4.1868 joule / Electrical coulomb coul ampere coul/sec amp ampere watt joule/sec volt watt/amp ohm volt/amp mho /ohm farad coul/volt henry sec2/farad weber volt-sec / Light & Radiation cd candela lumen cd sr lux cd sr/m2 / actual radiation dose gray joule/kg / effective radiation dose sievert joule/kg / Temperature kelvin degC rankine 5|9 kelvin degF rankine / note that degF and degC are suitable for converting temperature intervals, / but not actual temperatures on the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales. / Money / epoch May 22, 1998 / floating rates from Los Angeles Times / fixed rates from http://dylee.keel.econ.ship.edu/intntl/intfin/currencies.htm / Currencies pegged by the country to another currency are shown exactly / (of course, they are still subject to change). Others are shown as "fuzz". $ dollar argentinapeso 1.0000 $ australiadollar 0.6297 $ fuzz brazilreal 0.8705 $ fuzz britainpound 1.6327 $ fuzz canadadollar 0.9899 $ fuzz chilepeso 0.002204 $ fuzz chinayuanrenminbi 0.1208 $ fuzz colombiapeso 0.000719 $ fuzz czechkoruna 0.0308 $ fuzz denmarkkrone 1.491 $ fuzz dominicanrepublicpeso 0.0664 $ fuzz equadorsucre 0.000196 $ fuzz egyptpound 0.2927 $ fuzz hongkongdollar 1|7.73 $ hungaryforint 1|211.02 $ fuzz indiarupee 0.0247 $ fuzz indonesiarupiah 1|11050 $ fuzz iranrial 0.000333 $ fuzz iraqdinar 1|.3109 $ israelnewshekel 0.2743 $ fuzz israelshekel .001 israelnewshekel israelpound .1 israelshekel japanyen 0.007419 $ fuzz jordandinar 1.4134 $ fuzz lebanonpound 1|1519.5 $ fuzz malaysiaringgit 0.2654 $ fuzz malaysiadollar malaysiaringgit mexicopeso 0.115781 $ fuzz newzealanddollar 0.5338 $ fuzz norwaykrone 0.1342 $ fuzz pakistanrupee 0.0229 $ fuzz perusol 0.3532 $ fuzz perunewsol perusol philippinespeso 0.0258 $ fuzz polandnewzloty 0.2882 $ fuzz russiaruble 0.1624 $ fuzz saudiarabiariyal 0.2667 $ fuzz singaporedollar 0.6109 $ fuzz slovakiakoruna 0.0293 $ fuzz southafricarand 0.1968 $ fuzz southkoreawon 0.00072 $ fuzz swedenkrona 0.1302 $ fuzz switzerlandfranc 0.6841 $ fuzz taiwannewdollar 0.0298 $ fuzz thailandbaht 0.02541 $ fuzz turkeylira 1|253780 $ fuzz uaedirham 0.2724 $ fuzz uruguaypeso 0.0966 $ fuzz venezuelabolivar 1|535.5 $ fuzz / The euro and currencies tied to it. / See http://www.x-rates.com/faq_euro.html / or http://europa.eu.int/euro/html/entry.html / euro to $ as of 16 Jan 2002. euro 0.8834 $ fuzz austriaschilling 1|13.7603 euro belgiumfranc 1|40.3399 euro finlandmarkka 1|5.94573 euro francefranc 1|6.55957 euro germanymark 1|1.95583 euro greecedrachma 1|340.750 euro irelandpound 1|.787564 euro italylira 1|1936.27 euro luxembourgfranc 1|40.3399 euro netherlandsguilder 1|2.20371 euro portugalescudo 1|200.482 euro spainpeseta 1|166.386 euro mark germanymark bolivar venezuelabolivar peseta spainpeseta rand southafricarand escudo portugalescudo sol perusol guilder netherlandsguilder peso mexicopeso yen japanyen lira italylira dinar iraqdinar rial iranrial rupee indiarupee drachma greecedrachma franc francefranc markka finlandmarkka sucre equadorsucre pound britainpound poundsterling britainpound / cruzeiro brazilcruzeiro / PDP-11 baud bit/sec byte 8 bit word 2 byte block 512 byte K 1024 word tc 578 block rktrack 12 block rkcylinder 2 rktrack rk 203 rkcylinder rptrack 10 block rpcylinder 20 rptracks rp 406 rpcylinder rftrack 8 block rfshoe 8 rftrack rfdisk 16 rfshoe rf 2 rfdisk / Trivia % 1|100 admiraltyknot 6080 ft/hr apostilb cd/pi-m2 are 1+2 m2 arpentcan 27.52 mi arpentlin 191.835 ft astronomicalunit au atmosphere 1.01325+5 nt/m2 atm atmosphere atomicmassunit gm/mole amu atomicmassunit bag 94 lb bakersdozen 13 bar 1+5 nt/m2 barie 1-1 nt/m2 barleycorn 1|3 in barn 1-28 m2 barrel 42 gal barye 1-1 nt/m2 / radiation activity becquerel /sec bev 1+9 e-volt biot 10 amp blondel cd/pi-m2 boardfoot 144 in3 bolt 40 yd boltzmann 1.38066-23 joule/degC fuzz k boltzmann bottommeasure 1|40 in britishthermalunit cal lb-degF/gm-degC btu britishthermalunit refrigeration 12000 btu/ton-hour buck dollar cable 720 ft caliber 1-2 in calorie cal carat 205 mg cent centidollar cental 100 lb centesimalminute 1-2 grade centesimalsecond 1-4 grade century 100 year cfs ft3/sec chain 66 ft circularinch 1|4 pi-in2 circularmil 1-6|4 pi-in2 clusec 1-8 mm-hg m3/s coomb 4 bu cord 128 ft3 cordfoot cord crith 9.06-2 gm cubit 18 in cup 1|2 pt curie 3.7+10 /sec dalton amu decade 10 yr dioptre /m displacementton 35 ft3 doppelzentner 100 kg dozen 12 drop .03 cm3 dyne cm-gm/sec2 electronvolt e-volt ell 45 in engineerschain 100 ft engineerslink 100|100 ft equivalentfootcandle lumen/pi-ft2 equivalentlux lumen/pi-m2 equivalentphot cd/pi-cm2 erg cm2-gm/sec2 ev e-volt faraday 9.652+4 coul fathom 6 ft fermi 1-15 m fifth 4|5 qt fin 5 dollar finger 7|8 in firkin 9 gal footcandle lumen/ft2 footlambert cd/pi-ft2 fortnight 14 da franklin 3.33564-10 coul frigorie kilocal furlong 220 yd / Universal Gravitational Constant G 6.673-11 m3/kg-sec2 fuzz galileo 1-2 m/sec2 gamma 1-9 weber/m2 gauss 1-4 weber/m2 geodeticfoot british-ft geographicalmile 1852 m gilbert 7.95775-1 amp gill 1|4 pt gross 144 gunterschain 22 yd hand 4 in / Planck's constant hbar 1.054573-34 joule-sec fuzz h 2 pi hbar hectare 1+4 m2 hefnercandle .92 cd hertz /sec hogshead 2 barrel hd hogshead homestead 1|4 mi2 horsepower 550 ft-lb-g/sec hp horsepower hyl gm force sec2/m hz /sec imaginarycubicfoot 1.4 ft3 / radio intensity jansky 1-26 watt/m2-hz jeroboam 4|5 gal karat 1|24 kcal kilocal kcalorie kilocal kev 1+3 e-volt key kg khz 1+3 /sec kilderkin 18 gal knot nmile/hr lambert cd/pi-cm2 langley cal/cm2 last 80 bu league 3 mi lightyear c-yr line 1|12 in link 66|100 ft longhundredweight 112 lb longquarter 28 lb lusec 1-6 mm-hg m3/s mach 331.46 m/sec magnum 2 qt marineleague 3 nmile maxwell 1-8 weber metriccarat 200 mg mev 1+6 e-volt mgd megagal/day mh millihenry mhz 1+6 /sec mil 1-3 in millenium 1000 year minersinch 1.5 ft3/min minim 1|60 fldr mo month mpg mile/gal mph mile/hr nail 1|16 yd nauticalmile nmile nit cd/m2 noggin 1|8 qt nox 1-3 lux ns nanosec oersted 2.5+2 pi-amp/m oe oersted pace 36 in palm 3 in parasang 3.5 mi parsec au-radian/arcsec pascal nt/m2 pc parsec pennyweight 1|20 oz percent % perch rd pf picofarad phot lumen/cm2 pica 1|6 in pieze 1+3 nt/m2 pipe 4 barrel point 1|72 in poise gm/cm-sec pole rd poundal ft-lb/sec2 pdl poundal proof 1|200 psi lb-g/in2 quarter 9 in quartersection 1|4 mi2 quintal 100 kg quire 25 / actual radiation dose rad 1-2 gray ream 500 registerton 100 ft3 rehoboam 156 floz / effective radiation dose rem 1-2 sievert rhe 10 m2/nt-sec / ionization power of radiation rontgen 2.58-4 coul/kg roentgen rontgen rood 1.21+3 yd2 rope 20 ft rutherford 1+6 /sec / This is the rydberg energy (ionization energy of hydrogen assuming infinite / mass nucleus). To get the "rydberg constant", use rydberg/h-c rydberg 13.605698 ev fuzz sabin 1 ft2 sack 3 bu seam 8 bu section mi2 shippington 40 ft3 shorthundredweight 100 lb shortquarter 25 lb siemens /ohm sigma microsec skein 120 yd skot 1-3 apostilb slug lb-g-sec2/ft span 9 in spat 4 pi sr spindle 14400 yd square 100 ft2 stere m3 sthene 1+3 nt stilb cd/cm2 stoke 1-4 m2/sec stone 14 lb strike 2 bu surveyfoot british-ft surveyorschain 66 ft surveyorslink 66|100 ft tablespoon 4 fldr teaspoon 4|3 fldr tesla weber/m2 therm 1+5 btu thermie 1+6 cal timberfoot ft3 tnt 4.6+6 m2/sec2 tonne 1+6 gm torr mm hg township 36 mi2 tun 8 barrel water .22491|2.54 kg/m2-sec2 wey 40 bu weymass 252 lb Xunit 1.00202-13m