.\" .\" Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Pawel Jakub Dawidek .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd August 7, 2019 .Dt G_BIO 9 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm g_new_bio , .Nm g_clone_bio , .Nm g_destroy_bio , .Nm g_format_bio , .Nm g_print_bio , .Nm g_reset_bio .Nd "GEOM bio controlling functions" .Sh SYNOPSIS .In sys/bio.h .In geom/geom.h .Ft "struct bio *" .Fn g_new_bio void .Ft "struct bio *" .Fn g_alloc_bio void .Ft "struct bio *" .Fn g_clone_bio "struct bio *bp" .Ft "struct bio *" .Fn g_duplicate_bio "struct bio *bp" .Ft void .Fn g_destroy_bio "struct bio *bp" .Ft void .Fn g_format_bio "struct sbuf *sb" "const struct bio *bp" .Ft void .Fo g_print_bio .Fa "struct sbuf *sb" "const char *prefix" "const struct bio *bp" .Fa "const char *fmtsuffix" ... .Fc .Ft void .Fn g_reset_bio "struct bio *bp" .Sh DESCRIPTION A .Vt "struct bio" is used by GEOM to describe I/O requests, its most important fields are described below: .Bl -tag -width ".Va bio_attribute" .It Va bio_cmd I/O request command. There are five I/O requests available in GEOM: .Bl -tag -width ".Dv BIO_GETATTR" .It Dv BIO_READ A read request. .It Dv BIO_WRITE A write request. .It Dv BIO_DELETE Indicates that a certain range of data is no longer used and that it can be erased or freed as the underlying technology supports. Technologies like flash adaptation layers can arrange to erase the relevant blocks before they will become reassigned and cryptographic devices may want to fill random bits into the range to reduce the amount of data available for attack. .It Dv BIO_GETATTR Inspect and manipulate out-of-band attributes on a particular provider or path. Attributes are named by ascii strings and are stored in the .Va bio_attribute field. .It Dv BIO_FLUSH Tells underlying providers to flush their write caches. .El .It Va bio_flags Available flags: .Bl -tag -width ".Dv BIO_ERROR" .It Dv BIO_ERROR Request failed (error value is stored in .Va bio_error field). .It Dv BIO_DONE Request finished. .El .It Va bio_cflags Private use by the consumer. .It Va bio_pflags Private use by the provider. .It Va bio_offset Offset into provider. .It Va bio_data Pointer to data buffer. .It Va bio_error Error value when .Dv BIO_ERROR is set. .It Va bio_done Pointer to function which will be called when the request is finished. .It Va bio_driver1 Private use by the provider. .It Va bio_driver2 Private use by the provider. .It Va bio_caller1 Private use by the consumer. .It Va bio_caller2 Private use by the consumer. .It Va bio_attribute Attribute string for .Dv BIO_GETATTR request. .It Va bio_from Consumer to use for request (attached to provider stored in .Va bio_to field) (typically read-only for a class). .It Va bio_to Destination provider (typically read-only for a class). .It Va bio_length Request length in bytes. .It Va bio_completed Number of bytes completed, but they may not be completed from the front of the request. .It Va bio_children Number of .Vt bio clones (typically read-only for a class). .It Va bio_inbed Number of finished .Vt bio clones. .It Va bio_parent Pointer to parent .Vt bio . .El .Pp The .Fn g_new_bio function allocates a new, empty .Vt bio structure. .Pp .Fn g_alloc_bio - same as .Fn g_new_bio , but always succeeds (allocates bio with the .Dv M_WAITOK malloc flag). .Pp The .Fn g_clone_bio function allocates a new .Vt bio structure and copies the following fields from the .Vt bio given as an argument to clone: .Va bio_cmd , .Va bio_length , .Va bio_offset , .Va bio_data , .Va bio_attribute . The field .Va bio_parent in the clone points to the passed .Vt bio and the field .Va bio_children in the passed .Vt bio is incremented. .Pp This function should be used for every request which enters through the provider of a particular geom and needs to be scheduled down. Proper order is: .Pp .Bl -enum -compact .It Clone the received .Vt "struct bio" . .It Modify the clone. .It Schedule the clone on its own consumer. .El .Pp .Fn g_duplicate_bio - same as .Fn g_clone_bio , but always succeeds (allocates bio with the .Dv M_WAITOK malloc flag). .Pp The .Fn g_destroy_bio function deallocates and destroys the given .Vt bio structure. .Pp The .Fn g_format_bio function prints information about the given .Vt bio structure into the provided .Vt sbuf . .Pp The .Fn g_print_bio function is a convenience wrapper around .Fn g_format_bio that can be used for debugging purposes. It prints a provided .Fa prefix string, followed by the formatted .Vt bio , followed by a .Fa fmtsuffix in the style of .Xr printf 9 . Any of the prefix or suffix strings may be the empty string. .Fn g_print_bio always prints a newline character at the end of the line. .Pp The .Fn g_reset_bio function resets the given .Vt bio structure back to its initial state. .Fn g_reset_bio preserves internal data structures, while setting all user visible fields to their initial values. When reusing a .Vt bio obtained from .Fn g_new_bio , .Fn g_alloc_bio , .Fn g_clone_bio , or .Fn g_duplicate_bio for multiple transactions, .Fn g_reset_bio must be called between the transactions in lieu of .Fn bzero . While not strictly required for a .Vt bio structure created by other means, .Fn g_reset_bio should be used to initialize it and between transactions. .Sh RETURN VALUES The .Fn g_new_bio and .Fn g_clone_bio functions return a pointer to the allocated .Vt bio , or .Dv NULL if an error occurred. .Sh EXAMPLES Implementation of .Dq Dv NULL Ns -transformation , meaning that an I/O request is cloned and scheduled down without any modifications. Let us assume that field .Va ex_consumer in structure .Vt example_softc contains a consumer attached to the provider we want to operate on. .Bd -literal -offset indent void example_start(struct bio *bp) { struct example_softc *sc; struct bio *cbp; g_print_bio("Request received: ", bp, ""); sc = bp->bio_to->geom->softc; if (sc == NULL) { g_io_deliver(bp, ENXIO); return; } /* Let's clone our bio request. */ cbp = g_clone_bio(bp); if (cbp == NULL) { g_io_deliver(bp, ENOMEM); return; } cbp->bio_done = g_std_done; /* Standard 'done' function. */ /* Ok, schedule it down. */ /* * The consumer can be obtained from * LIST_FIRST(&bp->bio_to->geom->consumer) as well, * if there is only one in our geom. */ g_io_request(cbp, sc->ex_consumer); } .Ed .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr geom 4 , .Xr DECLARE_GEOM_CLASS 9 , .Xr g_access 9 , .Xr g_attach 9 , .Xr g_consumer 9 , .Xr g_data 9 , .Xr g_event 9 , .Xr g_geom 9 , .Xr g_provider 9 , .Xr g_provider_by_name 9 , .Xr g_wither_geom 9 .Sh AUTHORS .An -nosplit This manual page was written by .An Pawel Jakub Dawidek Aq Mt pjd@FreeBSD.org .